AND OCEAN WAVES

Technical Field:

The invention relates to the field of conversion of kinetic and potential energy caused by winds on oceans and seas, to electrical energy.

Background of the Invention

The idea of harnessing the great potential of the energy of the sea and the ocean is not new. First patent in this area is received by Girard Clement and his son in Paris in the year 1799, followed by A. W. Stahl in 1892. First known established plant began operations by Bochaux-Praceigue near Bordeaux, France in 1910.

However, the period during which the endeavors speeded up is the energy crisis fueled by political issues in the 1970s; and although interest was lost with the oil prices dropping in the 1980's, it came under the spotlight yet again with the effects of global warming being understood better. Today, the number of patent applications on wave energy production systems is over 1000.

It is possible to classify the ones that found limited use among these applications, according to their place of use and the technology used. Each of them is shortly addressed below.

Shoreline Applications: In shoreline applications, energy production structures are fixed at or buried on the shore. Maintenance and construction is easier when compared to other counterparts and there is no need for deep water connections or long underwater electric cables. However, because of the less powerful wave regime, wave energy is produced less. This application is limited by factors such as coastline geology, tide levels and protection of shore shape.

Oscillating Water Column (OWC): These systems work with the principle of water level in open-ended underwater chambers rising and falling with the motion of waves. When waves rise, water level inside the chambers rise, rising water column pushes the air column towards a vent. The air squeezed by water turns the turbine placed within the narrow vent. When the wave draws back, it empties the air column, with the motion of which the turbine turns again. In this system, Wells turbines are used that ensure unidirectional motion.

TAPered CHANnel (TAPCHAN): These systems comprise tapered channels that feed a reservoir built near cliffs, with wall heights between 3 to 5 meters. As the water travels from the wide end to the narrow end, water level rises and risen water fills the reservoir. Water is stored in the reservoir, meaning the kinetic energy of the wave being converted to potential energy. Stored water is then sent to the turbines. High reliability and low maintenance is a feature of this application, since it has very few moving parts. Energy can be stored in this system until necessary. It is used in topographically suitable ocean shores and with high waves. Since kinetic energy is not used, efficiency is around 2 to 3%.

Pendular: In the shape of a rectangular box with one side opening to the sea, in this system, wave motion causes piston arms and lids beneath the platform to move, with the motion of which liquid is directed with high pressure to the hydraulic pump, turning the turbine connected to the generator.

Near-Shore Applications: Installed around 10 to 25 meters of depth. Some of which are found to be of use are as follows:

Osprey: Developed by Wavegen, power of Osprey is 2 MW with the addition of a 1,5 MW wind turbine. Commercial presentation of this product is rigorously worked on, and still it is imperative that construction costs are reduced.

Oyster: This system comprises two units. An oscillator fixed on the sea bottom that oscillates with the wave motion conveys this motion to pistons/hydraulic arms and delivers the seawater to the unit on land. Hence Pelton turbine alternators on the land unit work. First became operational in 2012, oscillator width was 18 meters. Active today, water is pumped to land from the 26-meter wide oscillator 500 meters offshore, the maximum capacity of which is 800 kWh. Carnegie Project (CETO): Joint venture by Australia and France. Buoys that are 5 meters high and 7 meters wide are placed 1 to 2 meters below sea level. This buoy is connected to the piston of the water pump via steel connectivity elements. Underwater pump converts kinetic energy to hydraulic energy.

With the aid of the piston, highly pressurized water is sent to the water station on land. Hydraulic pump is fixed on a foundation 20 to 50 meters below sea level. Pumping motion takes place, unaffected by whichever direction the waves travel. Hydroelectrical turbine and generator that the hydroelectric pump feeds with highly pressurized water produces electricity. Generator and electricity installment being on land is advantageous regarding maintenance and repair.

Azura: This 40-tonne pale yellow device located in Hawaii's Kaneohe Island US Marine Corps Base Wave Energy Test Site (WETS), is to be the first of the wave generator fleet aimed at providing clean, renewable energy to coastal US cities, according to the Department of Energy. Prototype only produces 20 kWh, which can be considered small; however clean energy provided by similar structures can satisfy the needs of coastal cities, it is asserted.

The project, which is supported by USMC is operated jointly with Northwest Energy Innovations. The prototype installed reaches around 30 meters in depth, and can convert both upsurge (vertical) and undulation (horizontal) motions up to 40 tons to electrical energy.

Wosp 3500: WOSP (Wave Ocean Energy Release) is the combination of near-shore wave and wind energy plants. With the added wind capacity of 1.5 MW, the overall capacity is increased to 3.5 MW.

Offshore Applications: These are devices that are installed in waters deeper than 40 meters. Some of the known applications include:

McCabe Wave Pump: This device comprises 3 rectangular steel floats, each 4 meters in width, hinged together neatly and move jointly. Inertia of the central float is increased with an additional mass. Energy is harnessed with hydraulic pumps on the hinges at both sides of the central float, using the motion at the hinges. A 40-meter long exemplary device is installed offshore Kilbaha in Country Clare, Ireland. OPT Wave Energy Converter: Comprises a cylindrical structure 2 to 5 meters in diameter, open at its end facing the sea floor and closed on the other end. Between the top end and the steel floater situated inside is a hydraulic pump. Electricity is produced from the movement of the structure related to the floater. This system has been tested extensively in Eastern Atlantic Ocean and first commercial products are about to be installed in Australia and Pacific Ocean.

Pelamis: This structure comprises partially submerged cylindrical chambers hinged together in a joint fashion. Waves produce movement at the joint locations, motion caused by which runs the electrical generators through hydraulic pumps. In 2009, the system which is 130 meters in length, 3.5 meters in diameter and with a capacity of 375 kW has begun supporting the grid.

Attempts at harvesting wave energy has been carried out in Turkey as well. National Boron Research Institute (BOREN) and Turkish Electromechanical Industry S. A. (TEMSAN) have collaborated on the project called "Producing Electricity from Wave Energy", started on February 15, 2008. A prototype built offshore in Karasu town of Sakarya in 2009 targeted a daily output of 5kWh. However, due to its inefficiency, the project was halted.

On the other hand, as is known, energy is vital considering all the goods and services employed and the technological devices that became a part of daily lives. The demand for energy is ever increasing, as does the public discontent regarding the production and/or use of energy from every known resource. International agreements imposing various restrictions have become an agenda, such as the ones on fossil fuels.

Still today, an important portion of much needed energy is obtained from fossil fuels, and the toxic fumes resulting from the conversion processes pose serious hazards, particularly for people who inhabit cities.

Health issues prove detrimental to quality of life, job efficiency and growth and causes weaknesses in social security, winding up in a negative cycle so as to exert economical pressure, even in developed countries. It is now widely accepted that, rising mean temperature and the increased incidence of extreme meteorological events caused by the use of fossil fuels at this rate will, in addition to destroying wildlife, trigger radical changes in precipitation regimes and sea levels, triggering mass migrations, social and economic consequences of which will be severe.

Moreover, all fossil fuel types are finite energy resources and crises, be it economic or political, can cause damaging price fluctuations in the global markets, affecting the fiscal goals of both producing and consuming nations. It is only realistic to assume that towards their depletion, prices of fossil fuels will rise.

Therefore, international agreements such as the Paris Climate Accord are signed, all countries doing their part to promote local, renewable energy resources and investments in nuclear power, to ensure the safety of energy supply, increasing their support for the technological advancements in these fields.

However, seemingly fruitful nuclear resources such as uranium, thorium and Plutonium are also finite, and require advanced technology. In addition to that, nuclear waste disposal is a serious problem and radioactive fallout caused by any damage to reactors for whatever cause affects an enormous mass of land for decades to come.

Hydroelectric power plants, albeit being renewable energy resources, end up altering humidity and seasonal temperature levels in the surrounding area due to excess evaporation in the dam reservoir, causing animal species to suffer adaptation difficulties and their habitats to get smaller. Energy produced from botanical oils like soy oil are criticized for the same reason, since they utilize agricultural areas and freshwater sources for irrigation which are already scarce. Wind farms are also targeted to criticism for causing noise and visual pollution.

In short, although energy is in high demand, no renewable energy resource is spared criticism so far; be it nuclear, thermal, hydroelectric, biofuels, wind farms or geothermal resources. Especially some are even made subjects of social or political pressure, or excuses for embargos. Energy from sea is advantageous in this manner. To list them it can be said: It is infinite: Wave and tidal energy harnessed from sea are renewable resources that will continue to exist as long as winds blow and interplanetary forces of attraction pull the sun, the moon and Earth towards and away from one another.

Much more dense than other renewable resources: Mean daily solar energy flow is 100 W per square meter. Thus; ideally 10 meter squares of solar cell area is needed for an output of 1 kW. For wind energy, 2 meter squares are sufficient for the same amount. For wave energy, this is only one square meter.

High potential: Humblest estimates suggest that, when only one fifth of the entire Turkish coastline is used, annual net energy potential is 10 TW. With a similar rate of use, annual net potential worldwide is presumed to be at least 1700 TW. it is noted that these calculations omit tidal and stream energy values.

Consistent/Continuous energy: On most places around the globe, wind movement is strong and consistent enough to form continuous waves. Moreover, depending on the fetch of the wind, waves can travel thousands of kilometers without a change in shape or energy, even well after the wind that formed them has died down. For example, waves formed at the American side of the Atlantic can reach European shores. Seasonal change has a very limited effect on wave nature.

Maintenance costs are very small: Since there's no fuel price, virtually the only cost of these plants is the initial investment required.

Design flexibility: Projects have different sizes to fit the wave characteristics and energy needs of the desired site. Converter designs that operate at greater wave heights and/or more suitable to the area's needs tend to cost less.

Transmission expenditures and maintenance fees are less: As the majority of the world population live near coastal areas today, and as these energy conversion systems are stationed either on or around shorelines, energy is used where it is produced, reducing transmission and maintenance costs.

Ideal method for energy production on islands: As most islands with small surface areas lack resources like consistent water sources with high flow rates, coal mines or geothermal resources; it is not possible to install hydroelectric, thermal or geothermal power plants. Thus, the method is ideal for islands.

Makes it easier to benefit from the sea: Conversion of saltwater to freshwater and subsequent pumping to land, as well as pumping of the riches of the sea bottom up towards the surface allows for the use of electricity and potential technology in various maritime activities.

Creates jobs: A considerable amount of workforce is required to take advantage of even a small portion of the potential, which means employment opportunities in a variety of areas.

Environmentally friendly: These systems are completely environmentally friendly, produces no physical, chemical or organic pollutants/waste. Since it will replace the share of the fossil fuels in energy production, it will reduce greenhouse emissions, therefore global warming and acid precipitation, increasing the quality of breathable air. Its limited land presence protects agricultural areas and prevents the chopping down of forests.

Beneficial for the marine ecosystem: In many countries, economically insignificant vessels are scuttled to provide marine life with shelter and reproduction zones. Wave energy systems constitute an artificial habitat for aquatic organisms, helping fish reproduce.

Protects coastal settlement: These systems weaken the waves traveling towards the shoreline; reducing wave height, shielding residential areas and providing suitable areas for activities such as diving and kayaking.

With these aspects, it can easily stand against any reactions and ever growing public pressure by NGOs citing environmental and aesthetic concerns.

Technical problems addressed by the invention can be summarized as follows: Despite advantages listed above and number of patent applications having surpassed a thousand, only a small fraction of these solutions saw actual implementation. The main reason behind this is the fluctuations in wave length, direction and amplitude, along with the mechanical and electrical load on convertor parts increasing by a factor of a hundred due to extreme meteorological conditions.

This is also why, albeit differing in appearance, site of installment and technology, systems implemented so far have all been very simple/basic. In short, an ideal wave energy converter should have the following properties:

Indifference against wave direction, in other words, the ability to generate energy no matter which direction the waves travel,

Solving the problem of low frequency caused by the wave period being too long (8- 10 seconds),

Flexible design aspects regarding the mean wave height in the proposed site of installment,

High wavelength range for energy generation,

Structural integrity in case of excess load caused by increased wave height.

The invention, having the listed properties aside, is favorable in means of initial investment and maintenance costs; a feature of its simple structure. In addition, it can generate power at wavelengths at which other systems are not active or perform inefficiently. This enables it to operate in higher efficiency, and also increasing the electricity producing area, increasing the available potential.

Brief Description of the Figures

Fig. 1- View characterizing a buoy at a certain angle from above.

Fig. 2- Represents a group of buoys fixed on a skeleton at a certain angle from below.

Fig. 3- Characterizes the top and bottom opening cages of a Venturi tube at a certain angle.

Fig. 4- Represents the Wells turbine and the alternator.

Fig .5- Cross-section view of a Venturi tube with circular openings, inside which a Wells turbine and alternator are placed. Fig. 6- Cross-sectional view characterizing the tube with cornered and circular openings, with a Banki turbine inside the cornered opening, at a certain angle.

Fig. 7- Cross-sectional view representing the tube with cornered and circular openings, with a Banki turbine and alternator inside the cornered opening, at another certain angle.

Fig. 8- Characterizes the tube cage, partially covered with filter.

Fig. 9- Represents the general view of the pendulum.

Fig. 10- Characterizes the railed arm cross-section, at a certain angle.

Fig. 11- Represents the floor weight and its arm.

Fig. 12- View representing an individual converter unit completely.

Fig. 13- Characterizes the application in which two independent converter units are connected with floor weight and grouping arm.

Fig. 14- View representing six converter systems connected to each other with floor weight and grouping arm.

Description of References in Figures

1- Buoy in one piece

2- Group of buoys fixed on a skeleton

3- Opening blocker

4- Venturi tube

5- Venturi tube cages

6- Buoy arms

7- Electricity transmission cable

8- Densely porous filters covering the cages

9- Circular turbine and alternator openings

10 -Wells turbine

11- Banki turbine

12- Cornered turbine opening

13- Alternator 14- Lid of the circular opening

15- Lid holder

16- Holder control circuit

17- Pendulum

18- Horizontal motion li miter

19- Railed arm connection points

20- Railed arm

21- Rail

22- Weights

23- Wheeled connection points

24- Group connection arms

25- Seafloor weight

26- Floor arm

27- Rope

28- Lid of the rectangular opening

29- Rectangular lid holder

30- Group arm connection point

31- Pendulum floor connection point

32- Shock absorbers on group arms

33- Warning lamp and receiver-transmitter antenna

Description of the Invention:

The only part of the invention that is on the surface and oscillates with the motion of waves are buoys (1, 2) that are in integral form or lie on a skeleton as a group. Underneath these buoys (1, 2) which have wide surfaces, are several Venturi tubes (4), top and bottom ends of which are open.

As the buoy (1, 2) climbs the crest of the wave and slides down to the trough, it moves the tubes (4) up and down; water entering the tubes gains velocity due to the narrowing column, turns the turbines (10, 11) inside the column (9, 12) and turbines (10, 11) rotate the alternator (13), generating electrical energy. Accordingly, without any power delivery elements that act in friction or exposed to wave power, alternators (13) are directly excited by seawater displaced by the movement of tubes (4).

Other parts of the invention, in addition to holding this system together, have auxiliary functions such as increasing the efficiency of the converter and preventing excess energy load on the alternators (13).

Even though the mean wave height, amplitude and DEGI values may vary between regions, working principle of the invention stays the same, albeit some modifications to the design of aforementioned parts exist thereof.

First benefit of the large surface area of buoys (1, 2) and several Venturi tubes (4) being situated underneath them is that system can generate electricity regardless of the direction of wave motion.

Concurrently, the distance between two crests (or two troughs) are 25 to 40 meters in shallow waters, and 40 to 200 meters in open sea and ocean waters. Therefore, it is not inconvenient, in a conversion system, for the buoys (1, 2) to have large surface areas, as long as it falls within these ranges.

Considering this, surfaces of the buoys (1, 2) are kept large, and tubes (4) are placed; one at the center and multiple away from the center. Cornered structure of the buoy (1, 2) and every corner having been associated with a tube (4) are not to be preserved.

Different forms of buoys may be used as well. In fact, since buoy (1, 2) surface area can be increased even more in great wave amplitudes, design for these instances may include one group of tubes (4) away from the center with distance X, and another group of tubes (4) with distance Y.

For example, the buoy (1) depicted in Fig. 1 comprises 9 (nine) tubes (4). Buoy group (2) In Fig. 2, on the other hand, characterized by two rows of connectivity points away from the center with a certain distance and attached to a skeleton, is designed for open sea applications where wave amplitude is high, in order to reduce wave decay of the system and to efficiently use designated area. Accordingly, whichever way the front of the wave approaches the buoy (1, 2), even if the tubes (4) oscillating between the crest and trough of a wave are arranged differently, all of them will go up and down respectively, generating electricity. Second benefit is increased efficiency.

This is ensured when the buoy (1, 2) approaches the coming wave, on the end that meets the wave is at least one tube (4), and it rises. Since the amplitude of the wave is much larger than its length and the buoy (1,2) surface is kept wide, when the center of the buoy (1, 2) approaches the crest, the end that met the wave will have already past it, and will disconnect with the water, still rising.

In other words, when the first end of the buoy (1, 2) reaches the crest, its spatial majority will be on the trough; and due to the angular difference first end will rise past the level of the crest.

Likewise, albeit not as much as the tube (4) that contacted the wave initially, the tubes (4) that are closest to it will also have risen past the level of the crest. When the center of the buoy (1, 2) reaches the crest, all the tubes (4) including the ones that are at the same level with the front of the wave will be rising along with the buoy (1, 2); and when the tube (4) which contacted the wave first starts to fall down towards the trough, tubes (4) on the opposite sides begin to rise.

This makes the buoy (1, 2) in the invention much more efficient compared to the applications which are characterized by groups of buoys (1, 2) with smaller surface areas covering the same area, or ones of identical size but has one tube (4).

Yet, in the wide-surfaced buoy application, each of the multiple tubes (4) situated on the bottom of the buoy (1, 2) rise to heights greater than the wave crest, therefore significantly increasing the amount of water traveling through the turbines (10, 11) on the openings (9, 12) of the tubes (4).

Direction of the wave only determines between which ends of the buoys (1, 2) oscillation will take place, and which of the tubes (4) will rise above the crest level.

Moreover, since the established systems only allow movement as much as the wave height and mobility; installment of such systems are not encouraged at sites where wavelengths are below a certain level, concerning the delayed return of investment because of limited efficiency.

However, since ends of the buoys (1, 2) that hit the wave perpendicularly rise past the wave level, generation becomes possible at sites where installment is not viable or performance would be poor.

The system also broadens the application areas and increases the wave energy potential greatly. Depending on the wave characteristics on the site, adjustments on the buoy (1, 2) length and tube (4) diameter see to the design flexibility for maximum efficiency.

Another benefit of the application that is characterized by a wide surfaced buoy (1, 2) rather than small and independent buoys (1, 2) for the same area is safety. In the case of the latter, due to the proximity of the buoys (1, 2) to one another, there's the risk of collision and damage for the tubes (4) and themselves (1, 2).

Again, in the wide buoy (1, 2) application; when wave height increases, the ration of it to the amplitude will be decreased, and since one end of the buoy (1, 2) will have well past the crest, the opposite end will not have landed on trough, ensuring that the angle buoy (1, 2) makes with the horizontal is never over, say, 40 degrees. So, there will be no risk of tubes (4) hitting each other since the distance between and the diameter of the tubes (4) will be designed with respect to this angle.

For instance, when the preferred maximum angle becomes 40 degrees, the first tube (4) that passes the crest can rise almost twice as much as the wave height, whereas the tubes (4) immediately after it can rise 1.5 times as much.

The invention also includes design details to protect the converter system against mechanical or electrical overload. First, it is to be elaborated on the mechanical load.

Waves are not merely a body of water flowing in one direction: As the wind blows, acting on the molecules on the surface, molecules circularly move towards the bottom before returning to their initial position. This motion is conveyed to other molecules and they too move in this fashion. Surface molecules move in a circle almost standard in diameter. Subsurface molecules that are not affected by the kinetic energy load of the wind are only acted upon by surface molecules. In short, greater fetch and longer time increase the diameter of the motion, as well as its effective depth. As water gets deeper, the diameter of the circular motion gets smaller, and dies down completely if the body of water is sufficiently deep.

Regarding this, the part of a conversion system exposed to the greatest amount of load is located on the surface. As previously discussed, the only part of the system in this invention that is above the surface is an integral buoy (1) or a group of buoys fixed together by means of a skeleton (2).

On the buoy (1, 2) are situated one warning lamp and one receiver-transmitter antenna (33) to make the conversion system visible to vessels and prevent possible accidents.

Since the only purpose of these buoys (1, 2) is to provide maximum buoyancy, no other elements exist, save the beams that distribute/carry the weight resulting from the subsurface elements in oscillation. Thus, having quite great interior volume makes the buoyant force accordingly great.

Said buoyant force is, with the aid of the connectivity elements on its bottom, conveyed to the arm characterized in Fig. 12, 13 and 14, which itself has two connectivity elements at both ends. Every connection the system in the invention has is facilitated by use of ball-bearing hinges, rings or universal joints. And as they are represented naked to make them visible; joints are protected against sea water with a sheath, like that of axle connections in automobiles.

The sole purpose of the arms (6) is to convert the horizontal oscillation of the buoy (1, 2) into vertical motion on the tubes (4) and since they extend to depths at which the circular wave motion dies down, they protect the tubes (4) from the effects thereof.

It is then delivered to cage (5) connection points on the top openings of the tubes (4) via the arms (6). And since the arms (6) have very small surface area, and the angle with the horizontal will change both during the circular motion of molecules and when the buoy (1, 2) oscillates; the displacement inertia of water against opposing arms (6) partially drawing near each other is negligible. Naturally, its effect on electricity generation and the overall efficiency of the system is virtually nonexistent.

To continue with the tubes (4), as characterized in isolation in Fig. 3 and on the converter in other figures, on the top and bottom openings of tubes (4) exist cages

(5) . On the cages (5) are densely porous filters (8) characterized only in Fig. 8, in order not to obstruct any details in the overall view.

This filter (8) covering the cages (5) exist so as to prevent waste material like nylon bags and sea animals of certain size from entering the tubes (4) and damaging turbines (10, 11), protecting the system and marine life. Material and animals small enough to pass through the filter (8) pose no damage as is to the system.

Cage (5) and filter (8) do not resist water passing through the tubes (4) in any significant way. The noteworthy resistance occurs as water coming in from the openings of the tubes (4) travels towards the narrowing channels (9, 12), in which turbines (10, 11) are located. However, the large buoyancy the buoys (1, 2) easily overcome this resistance that occurs when tubes (4) rise.

Also, when one end of the buoy (1, 2) is landing on the trough, it will push the arm

(6) on that end down, conveying this motion to the cage (5), and then the tube (4).

Nevertheless, the velocity of the tubes (4) changes with respect to their position on the buoy (1, 2), the direction and height of the wave. For instance, at any wavelength the tubes (4) that rise the most are the ones located at the end of the buoys (1, 2) that first meet, and move past the crest of the wave. The tubes closer to the center rise less, and the innermost tube can only rise as much as the crest height. So, the center of the buoys (1, 2) that move mostly vertically, only rises as high as other buoyed (1, 2) systems.

Still, when the wavelength is small, buoy (1, 2) slowly climbs the crest (in half the wave period) and falls to the trough. When the wave height increases, amplitude decreases, which means steeper waves; and when the center of the buoy (1, 2) is on the crest, the free end of the buoy (1, 2) will tend to fall at once because of its weight. The tube on the other side of the crest (4) will want to rise just as fast.

For example, when the wave period is 10 seconds, the rise will take 5 seconds, but the fall may take only 1 second. This will, in turn, affect the efficiency values of the alternators (13).

Alternators (13) which are designed for low wavelength and slow rise-and-fall of the tubes (4), will be overloaded in sudden movements; and when they are designed for high wavelengths, efficiency at low wavelengths will drop dramatically. This will cause the electricity to be inverted even more.

The first solution the present invention has for this problem is the existence of multiple channels (9, 12) in each tube (4), and putting independent turbines (10, 11) in each channel (9, 12). Moreover, at least one channel (9, 12) has lids (14, 28) on both top and bottom openings, and lid holders (15, 29) that hold or release lids (14, 28) in case of need.

As seen in Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, channels (9, 12) can be in rectangular or round form. Inside channels (9, 12) in round form is a Wells turbine (10), and inside channels in rectangular form (12) is a Banki turbine (11) cross-flow, characterized by an alternator (13) in Fig. 4.

Wells turbines (10) are already designed specifically for usage in systems in which gas or liquid flow changes direction, and they rotate unidirectionally at all times. Such turbines (10) are directly connected to the alternator (13) shaft without any need for transmission elements such as gears or pulleys. And as they are generally situated inside a narrowing tube (4) channel (9), as is the case with the present invention; even if the direction the liquid entering the tube (4) changes, for it to come to the turbine (10) along the same motion lines, a single shaft with rotors on both ends between which the turbine (10) is inserted exists.

Banki turbines (11) have reciprocal circles at center, in addition to numerous narrow wings that start at a certain distance from the center and move towards the outer edge of the circles with a predefined angle. And to increase the power of the water hitting the winds of the turbine (11), water is delivered through a narrowing path, return of which is in one direction. In the invention, narrowing blockers (3) are attached in the middle of the channel (12) ensuring fluid pathways in both directions, both of which are closed with lids (28). So, as the tube (4) moves up and down, lids (28) open with respect to the wings of the turbine (11), and the alternator (13) connected to the turbine (11) moves unidirectionally.

In short, using channel (9, 12) lids (14, 28) and stoppers (15, 29), desired number of turbines (10, 11) can be activated or deactivated. Whether if a stopper (15, 29) is going to release a lid (14, 28) can be adjusted via the flow of water in the channel (9, 12) or circuitry (16) that measures the rise and fall rate of the tubes (4).

Therefore, depending on the rise and fall rate of the tubes (4), all or some of the channels (9, 12) will be open and thus the mechanical load turbine (10, 11) wings may potentially endure or excess electrical load on the alternators (13) will not be problematic. Although; in this case the number of turbines (10, 11) and alternators (13) to be used increases.

On the other hand, if the single-alternator (13) application is already designed for slow rise-and-fall rate of tubes (4), sudden movements will cause overload, and at large wavelengths efficiency will decrease considerably. This, in turn, poses a tradeoff between low initial investment and generative efficiency, therefore profitability. Costs to invert generated electricity and transform into desired levels also rise.

Similarly, design should be carried out considering every turbine (10, 11) will be exposed to maximum mechanical load. This means the cost for single-turbine unit production cost is greater than multiple turbine (10, 11) counterpart, in addition to meaning an increased amount of load for the alternator (13).

However, in the same application both the alternator (13) and turbines (10, 11) are smaller; and active alternators (13) and turbines (10, 11) are excited with an almost standard amount of power. In the same period, by closing the lids of the tubes (4) that rise and fall more slowly, loss of time is compensated via increased flow rate, reducing the need to invert electricity. In short, considering the increased efficiency by trivializing the change in wave height and direction, multiple-turbine (10, 11) application has no significant effect on the conversion system cost.

Of course, on sites where wave height fluctuations are smaller, it would suffice to insert one turbine (10, 11) and alternator (13) inside each tube (4).

Similarly, on sites where wave direction is mostly stable, i.e. where waves flow mostly in a general direction in a year, it may also be considered to alter the buoy (1, 2) design to situate all tubes (4) under the buoy (1, 2) in parallel with the wave front.

Or, among the options is situating all tubes (4) under the buoy (1, 2) in parallel with the wave front and on sites where wave direction is less stable, rotating the buoy (1, 2) so that it faces the wave front.

Both applications, as characterized in Fig. 12 comprising independent buoys (1, 2) or as represented in Fig. 11, the weight at the seafloor (25) having been associated with a pendulum (17) using a floor arm (26) and rope (27), are specifically envisioned to facilitate such methods. Here, the arm (26) is designed in two pieces, one of which moves inside the other, so as not to obstruct the buoy's(l, 2) rise and fall and lessen the buoyancy.

The rope (27) is meant to costlessly cover the distance from the pendulum (17) to the seafloor weight (25), and to limit the length of the arm (26) to the maximum wave height at that site, connecting the arm (26) and the pendulum (17). Because of this, the connection point at the bottom of the pendulum (17) is rotatable.

The present invention, in addition to reducing the risk of the vertical axis of the tube (4) being disoriented when pulled fast down with high and steep waves, and the risk of collision between themselves (4); also includes an element that increases the buoy (1, 2) angle a certain amount and supports the fall velocity of the tube (4).

For this purpose, there are railed arms (20) as seen in cross-section in Fig. 10, and represented on the system in following figures. On the bottom end of the arms (20), inside of which exist spherical weights (22), is a ring, on the top end is a rail (21). The ring of the arm (20) is connected to the connection point (19) of the pendulum (17). Wheels (23) of the apparatus to be attached to the bottom cage (5) of the tube (4) land on the rail (21) on the arm (20).

Length of the arms (20) are as much as the distance between the rings under the cages (5) and the pendulum (16, 17) when the buoy (1, 2) is stationary; and is slightly tilted towards the tubes (4) with a small angle. Weights (22) inside the arm (20) are stacked in the direction of the tube (4). And when one side of the buoy (1, 2) wants to rise, it lifts the weights (22) of the respective arm (20).

But when the tube (4) rises only slightly, the wheel apparatus (23) will move within the rail (21), shifting the tilt of the arm (20) towards the pendulum (17) quickly, stacking the weights (22) towards the pendulum (17). So, the rail (21) makes sure that the arm (20) does not block the displacement between the tube (4) and the pendulum (17), resulting from the buoy's (1, 2) movement with the waves.

Therefore, time duration of wave-related overload at locations far away from the center of the buoy (1, 2) will decrease. Yet, since composite elements comprising tube (4) and cage (5) can be designed as having neutral weight (suspended) with the aid of the spaces left between the outermost layer of the tube (4) and the channels; buoyancy on the rising end of the buoy (1, 2) will be conveyed to the tube (4), without loss. And since there is no proportionate force to pull the tubes (4) down when the buoy (1, 2) is landing on the trough; weights (22) pulling the tubes (4) down will gain extra force.

Besides, in all the applications mentioned, all of the weight of the submerged elements will be loaded on the buoy (1, 2). So, the stacking of the weights (22) in the arm (20) attached to the tube (4) cage (5) towards the pendulum (17) will produce no extra weight for the buoy (1, 2). And since both the center of mass and center of the buoyant force also happen to be the spatial center of the buoy (1, 2), it is ultimately practical to support the center of the buoy (1, 2) instead of supporting its ends for the variable load in question.

In short, weights (22) in the arm (20) related to the tubes (4) on the end of the buoy (1, 2) that climbs the crest moving to the center and the ones on the reciprocal end moving towards beneath the tube (4); will shift the center of mass from the buoy center towards the trough. This partly supplies the gain in elevation and the angle change when the buoy (1, 2) oscillates.

Similarly, when falling, sudden change in the center of mass will make the rise of the other end faster. Moreover, in case of labor during which waves moving in different directions, some of which are perhaps swell, are present; the system is still active and generates electricity.

Since the weights (22) will be moving between two ends of the arm (20), a fluid such as a mineral oil can be applied to these areas to reduce the impact on these areas of the arm (20). Or, on the ends of the arm (20) that the weights hit, shock absorbers etc. can be placed.

The converter is also suitable for use in fields, meaning that multiple converters are installed with fixed distance in between in an area. In this case, electricity generated from each converter may be transformed to desired levels via cables (7) laid over group arms (24) to specially designed floats near the farm or invert systems on the vessel.

Main function of the pendulum (17) represented in connection with the tube (4) cage (5) under the center of the buoy (1, 2), as represented in all respective figures, is to connect different parts of the converter or converter groups. For instance, the entirety of the railed (21) arms (20) are connected to the connection points (19) on the side of the pendulum (17) characterized in Fig. 9.

In addition, the rope (27) that ensures the independence of each buoy (1, 2) together with the seafloor weight (25) and the variable-length arm (26), is in relation with the ring (21) on the bottom of the pendulum (17). Again, arms (24) that include shock absorbers (32), which enable the converters to be connected to one another instead of the seafloor, are connected to the connection points (16) on the pendulum (16, 17).

Since the length of the arm (26) changes as the buoy climbs the crest and lands on the trough; seafloor weight is only enough to manage the location of the converter. Moreover, in multiple converter application, it is sufficient to connect the inner converters together with group arms (30) and connecting the weights (25) to the outermost converters.

Therefore, activities such as drilling the sea bottom and concrete foundations that increase the costs and prolong the investment returns are not needed. Also, since a system has many tubes (4); if maintenance is needed for elements such as the alternator (13), turbine (10, 11) etc. can be done by just removing the affected tube (4), reducing maintenance costs and time.

Wide cylinders (18) of varying diameters covering some portion of the pendulum (17) act to minimize the movement of the pendulum (17) off from the central projection of the buoy (1, 2) by preventing shifts/drifts.

If the right angle of the pendulum (17) changes, the gain from the elevation of the buoy's (1, 2) rise angle may be affected negatively especially due to the weights (22) in the railed arms (20). Motion limiter's (18) bottom and top ends being open prevents any resistance it may show as the buoy (1, 2) rises and falls. Another benefit of the motion limiter (18) is providing shelter to small fishes. Moreover, establishing connections via pendulums (17) with motion limiters (18) and arms (24) with shock absorbers (32) at depths where wave effect is minimal, facilitates the integrity of the system.

All in all, the part of the system exposed to load the most is the buoy (1, 2) only. All the other parts are exposed to very little load either due to their structure or small surface areas. Efficiency is high, initial costs low, maintenance need as well as the time required is little. Since wave and wind values at the site the system will be installed is known beforehand, and the mechanical and electrical load acting on the parts are foreseeable; these parameters will be taken into account in the design phase.

Invention's Application to the Industry can be acknowledged such that every part constituting the invention can be manufactured in respective branches of the industry, even by SME-level establishments. Producing electricity in both coastal, offshore and oceanic sites, it diversifies the sources of similar purpose and increases the total electricity generation potential.