CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/254,494, filed October 11, 2021, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

[0002] All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] This disclosure relates generally to the field of water and energy conservation, and more specifically to the field of devices and methods for use with regulating water flow depending upon sensed signals.

BACKGROUND

[0004] Conservation products are available in the market for people and businesses to incorporate into their lives in order to save on water and energy usage. Businesses that are interested in conserving water may use, for example, faucets and sensors that sense the presence of hands to start the water flow and the absence of hands to stop the water flow. Similarly, showerheads may include adjusters, such as buttons, valves, or tabs, that start and stop the water flow, or alternatively, showerheads may include internal components for lower flow water output. Most of these products, however, require manual adjustments, which adds inconveniences to washing or showering, or the products stop the water flow completely. What is needed, therefore, are improved products and systems that automatically conserve water and energy.

SUMMARY [0005] There is a need for new and useful system and method for device for energy and water consumption reduction. In particular, there is a need for systems, devices, and methods that easily allow a user to install and program a water conservation device that automatically adjusts the water flow based on a proximity of a user. Further, energy conservation is achieved by evaluating the system and optimizing processes. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system for energy and water consumption reduction, the system including: a valve configured to adjust a flow of water through a water delivery device based on data received from a sensor configured to detect a movement of a user operating the water delivery device over a period of time and to output one or more signals representing movement of the user over the period of time; a transceiver configured to transmit the data to a remote computing device; and a controller communicatively coupled to the valve, the sensor, the transceiver, and memory, wherein the memory includes a computer readable medium including computer readable instructions that when executed by the controller, cause the controller to perform operations including: receiving the one or more signals from the sensor; determining a movement pattern of the user based on the one or more signals; and adjusting a functionality of one or more of: the sensor, the valve, or the transceiver based on the determined movement pattern so that a predefined power conservation and a predefined water flow through the water delivery device are achieved.

[0006] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the system is configured for use during a showering event. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the valve is configured to control water flow from a pipe through the water delivery device. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the water delivery device includes a showerhead or a faucet.

[0007] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the operations further include receiving a user input such that the movement pattern is further determined based on the user input. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the user input includes one or more of: a water temperature preference, a water flow preference, a timer set, or a volume preference.

[0008] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein adjusting the functionality of the sensor includes adjusting a sampling rate of the sensor. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein adjusting the functionality of the valve includes one or both of: adjusting a cycling rate of the valve between a high flow state and a low flow state or adjusting the valve between the high flow state and the low flow state. [0009] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein adjusting the functionality of the transceiver includes adjusting a data transmission frequency to the remote computing device communicatively coupled to the system. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein adjusting the functionality includes adjusting the functionality from a baseline functionality to a user specific functionality.

[0010] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein determining the movement pattern further includes: predicting a future movement pattern of the user; and generating an adjustment model for adjusting the functionality of one or more of the sensor, the valve, or the transceiver, the adjustment model including a configuration for a power need and a configuration for a water need according to the prediction of the future movement pattern.

[0011] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein determining the movement pattern further includes using a pattern recognition algorithm to determine the movement pattern of the user from the one or more signals from the sensor. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the remote computing device includes a server or a mobile computing device. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the data includes one or more statistics associated with the valve or the sensor and obtained over a predefined time period, and wherein the one or more statistics include one or more of: a water usage, a water saved, an average water temperature, a total shower time, a total time that water was on but the shower was empty, a total time in a low flow state, a total time in a high flow state, an energy used, an energy saved, or a comparison of the one or more statistics with one or more other system for energy and water consumption reduction.

[0012] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the valve includes a solenoid valve that is configured to move between a low flow state and a high flow state. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein, in the low flow state, a core of the valve remains in a closed position such that water flows through the valve. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein, in the high flow state, a core of the valve moves to an open position such that water flows through and around the valve.

[0013] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein transitioning from the low flow state to the high flow state occurs when a distance between the user and the sensor exceeds a threshold. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the sensor includes an ultrasonic sensor.

[0014] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, further including a temperature sensor thermally coupled to a valve block including the valve. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the operations further include transitioning from a high flow state to a low flow state when the temperature of the valve block approaches or exceeds a predetermined temperature.

[0015] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the operations further include transitioning from the low flow state to the high flow state when a distance between the user and the sensor is below a threshold. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein: the water delivery device includes a showerhead or a faucet; and the one or more signals correlate, at least in part, to a detected amount of time under the water delivery device, a detected amount of time spent shampooing, or a detected amount of time spent rinsing.

[0016] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, further including: a restrictor insert installed on an inlet to the valve and configured to obstruct the flow of water to regulate a temperature of the flow of water, the regulating ensuring that the temperature of the flow of water maintains a preset temperature within a range of about zero degrees to about 4 degrees above or below the preset temperature. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system, wherein the inlet to the valve is a cold water inlet couplable to the valve, and the restrictor insert is configured to reduce an amount of cold water that reaches the valve.

[0017] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method for energy and water consumption reduction, the method being performed by a hardware controller communicatively coupled to a water delivery device configured to receive water from a water source, the method including: receiving one or more signals from a sensor installed in the water delivery device, wherein the one or more signals are indicative of a movement of a user operating the water delivery device over a period of time associated with a water usage event; determining a movement pattern of the user based on the one or more signals; and adjusting a functionality of one or more of: the sensor, wherein the sensor is configured to sample the movement of the user operating the water delivery device over the period of time during the water usage event, a valve that is configured to control a flow of water during the water usage event, or an antenna configured to transmit data about the water usage event based on the determined movement pattern so that a predefined power conservation and a predefined water flow through the water delivery device are achieved.

[0018] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein the water delivery device is configured for use during a showering event.

[0019] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein the valve is configured to control water flow from a pipe through the water delivery device. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein the water delivery device includes a showerhead or a faucet. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein the method further includes receiving a user input such that the movement pattern is further determined based on the user input.

[0020] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein the user input includes one or more of a water temperature preference, a water flow preference, a timer set, or a volume preference. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein adjusting the functionality of the sensor includes adjusting a sampling rate of the sensor.

[0021] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein adjusting the functionality of the valve includes one or both of adjusting a cycling rate of the valve between a high flow state and a low flow state or adjusting the valve between the high flow state and the low flow state. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein adjusting the functionality of the antenna includes adjusting a data transmission frequency to a remote computing device communicatively coupled to the water delivery device.

[0022] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein adjusting the functionality includes adjusting the functionality from a baseline functionality to a user specific functionality. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein determining the movement pattern further includes: predicting a future movement pattern of the user; and generating an adjustment model for adjusting the functionality of one or more of the sensor or the valve, the adjustment model including a configuration for a power need and a configuration for a water need according to the prediction of the future movement pattern.

[0023] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein determining the movement pattern further includes using a pattern recognition algorithm to determine the movement pattern of the user from the one or more signals from the sensor. [0024] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein the hardware controller is configured to be in communication with a remote computing device via a transceiver associated with the water delivery device, the remote computing device including a server or a mobile computing device.

[0025] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein the data includes one or more statistics including one or more of: a water usage, a water saved, an average water temperature, a total shower time, a total time that water was on but shower was empty, a total time in a low flow state, a total time in a high flow state, an energy used, an energy saved, or a comparison of the one or more statistics with one or more other system for energy and water consumption reduction.

[0026] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein the valve includes a solenoid valve that is configured to move between a low flow state and a high flow state. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein, in the low flow state, a core of the valve remains in a closed position such that water flows through the valve. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein, in the high flow state, a core of the valve moves to an open position such that water flows through and around the valve.

[0027] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein transitioning from the low flow state to the high flow state occurs when a distance between the user and the sensor exceeds a threshold. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein the sensor includes an ultrasonic sensor.

[0028] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, further including a temperature sensor thermally coupled to a valve block including the valve. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, further including transitioning from a high flow state to a low flow state when the temperature of the valve block approaches or exceeds a predetermined temperature.

[0029] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, further including transitioning from the low flow state to the high flow state when a distance between the user and the sensor is below a threshold. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein: the water delivery device includes a showerhead or a faucet; and the one or more signals correlate, at least in part, to a detected amount of time under the water delivery device, a detected amount of time spent shampooing, or a detected amount of time spent rinsing. [0030] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein the water delivery device further includes: a restrictor insert installed on an inlet to the valve and configured to obstruct the flow of water to regulate a temperature of the flow of water, the regulating ensuring that the temperature of the flow of water maintains a preset temperature within a range of about zero degrees to about 4 degrees above or below the preset temperature. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method, wherein the inlet to the valve is a cold water inlet couplable to the valve, and the restrictor insert is configured to reduce an amount of cold water that reaches the valve.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The foregoing is a summary, and thus, necessarily limited in detail. The above- mentioned aspects, as well as other aspects, features, and advantages of the present technology are described below in connection with various embodiments, with reference made to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] FIG. 1 A illustrates one embodiment of a block diagram showing an overall system of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. IB illustrates one embodiment of a graphical user interface (GUI) initialization screen that is configured to interact with a user to set user data, personal information, and/or preferences.

[0034] FIG. 1C illustrates one embodiment of a GUI statistics and trends screen that is configured to provide a user with water and energy statistics and trends.

[0035] FIG. 2 illustrates an image of one embodiment of a water flow device including a water flow regulator and a separate sensor device in a shower area.

[0036] FIG. 3 illustrates an image of another embodiment of a water flow device including a water flow regulator and sensor device as one integrated unit in a shower area.

[0037] FIG. 4 illustrates an image of another embodiment of a water flow device including a water flow regulator and sensor device as one integrated unit in a shower area.

[0038] FIG. 5 illustrates an image of an embodiment of the water flow device including a water flow regulator and separate sensor device as in FIG. 2 that adjusts the water flow.

[0039] FIG. 6 illustrates an exploded perspective side view of the water flow device of FIG. 2.

[0040] FIG. 7 illustrates an exploded front view of the water flow device of FIG. 2. [0041] FIG. 8 illustrates an exploded perspective side view of the water flow device of FIG. 2.

[0042] FIG. 9 illustrates a front view of the integrated water flow device and sensor device of FIG. 3.

[0043] FIG. 10 illustrates a side view of the integrated water flow device and sensor device of FIG. 3.

[0044] FIG. 11 is a process flowchart of an embodiment for regulating water flow using the water flow device and sensor device of FIGs. 2 and 3.

[0045] FIG. 12 is a process flowchart of an embodiment for optimizing transmission of data. [0046] FIG. 13 is a process flowchart of an embodiment for operating the water flow device during a bypass mode.

[0047] FIG. 14 is a process flowchart of an embodiment of the water flow device is ready for regulating the water flow and with the sensor device.

[0048] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a high flow state of the water flow devices described herein.

[0049] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a low flow state of the water flow devices described herein.

[0050] FIG. 17 illustrates a perspective view of an example restrictor insert for use with the water flow devices described herein.

[0051] FIG. 18 is an exploded view of an example valve assembly and restrictor insert.

[0052] The illustrated embodiments are merely examples and are not intended to limit the disclosure. The schematics are drawn to illustrate features and concepts and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The foregoing is a summary, and thus, necessarily limited in detail. The above- mentioned aspects, as well as other aspects, features, and advantages of the present technology will now be described in connection with various embodiments. The inclusion of the following embodiments is not intended to limit the disclosure to these embodiments, but rather to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the contemplated implementations. Other embodiments may be utilized, and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented herein. Aspects of the disclosure, as described and illustrated herein, can be arranged, combined, modified, and designed in a variety of different formulations, all of which are explicitly contemplated and form part of this disclosure.

[0054] Embodiments disclosed herein relate to devices, systems, and methods for regulating water flow and gathering data and data trends while also conserving energy. Broadly, a water flow device is used in conjunction with a standard showerhead or other water output device, such as a faucet, a sprinkler, an animal deterrent sprayer, and a hose, among others, (hereinafter referred to “showerhead” or water delivery device) to regulate water flow based on a detected presence of a person, animal, or other object (hereinafter referred to as “user”) within a predetermined range. In some embodiments, the water flow device may be triggered to conserve water upon detection of a presence of the user within the predetermined range over a predefined period of time. That is, the water flow device may begin in a non-conserved water state (e.g., a high flow state) until the predefined period of time has elapsed, at which time, the water flow device may automatically switch into a conserved water state (e.g., a low flow state). Particular timing and state changes can be user configured using the controllers and software described herein.

[0055] In general, the water flow device may be used in a shower area, a bathtub, a kitchen or dish washing area, an outdoor or indoor spigot, a pool, a hot tub, in a building, in a business, or in an outdoor environment (hereinafter referred to as “shower area”). In a nonlimiting example, the water flow device includes a water flow regulator and a sensor device, which may be configured as one integrated device or separate communicatively coupled devices. The sensor device is configured to detect the presence of a user (or object or animal) in, for example, a shower area, as well as any changes in location of the user within the area and transmit a signal to the water flow device. For example, a sensor associated with the water flow device may be configured to detect a movement of a user operating the water delivery/flow device over a period of time. In response, the sensor may generate output representing one or more signals representing movement of the user over a period of time, which may be utilized to adjust the water flow based on the signal. This may be accomplished by the water flow regulator that receives the signal (e.g., sensor data) indicating the presence, absence, or change in location of the user and/or object, and, based on the sensor data, controls one or more integrated valves to automatically and/or variably regulate the flow of water ranging from approximately a high flow state to approximately a low flow state (i.e., ranging from approximately 100% to more than 0% water flow). It will be appreciated that the one or more valves may also be configured to stop the flow of water (i.e., 0% water flow) altogether ranging from a short period of time to complete shut off of the water flow.

[0056] In some embodiments, a system for regulating and measuring water and energy consumption includes a showerhead-mountable water flow device (e.g., screwed on an end of a water pipe behind the showerhead) and a wall-mountable water flow device (e.g., reversibly attached to a wall between the showerhead and the handle, in line with the showerhead and handle). In some embodiments, a system for regulating and measuring water and energy consumption includes an integrated unit that is positionable behind the showerhead (e.g., coupled to an end of a water pipe behind the showerhead). In some embodiments, the integrated unit is welded or otherwise affixed to the water pipe.

[0057] Further, embodiments disclosed herein advantageously conserve energy usage of the water flow device as well as energy usage within a building, such as a house, hotel, hospital, business, gym, etc. The system and water flow device of the present disclosure is configured to continually optimize the frequency of data transmitted to the network devices in the system depending upon a power level of internal power component(s), such as lithium batteries, rechargeable batteries, etc. Additionally, or alternatively, the frequency of data transmission may be continually and/or automatically adjusted based on a user preference that specifies optimal power usage or a general usage pattern of the user. For example, frequent access of the water flow device increases data transmission between the water flow device and the computing device while reduced or infrequent access of the water flow device decreases data transmission between the water flow device and the computing device. In addition to conserving water flow device energy, energy consumed by other building devices, such as water heaters, water treatment devices, and water pumps, for example, are conserved when the water flow is variably adjusted and/or water is heated to a target temperature specific by the user. It will be appreciated that the water flow device and sensor device may be additionally, or alternatively, powered by electrical wiring and coupled to the main power source of the building. Further, energy may be conserved by incorporating a piezo energy harvester (not shown) and/or a water powered turbine (not shown) that may replace and/or reduce the requirement for power in the water flow device.

[0058] Advantageously, the present disclosure is configured to dynamically conserve water and energy while also providing users water and energy usage statistics. Additionally, these statistics and provided conservation suggestions or tips offer users further ideas and ways for continued improvement. Non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure are detailed further hereinbelow.

[0059] FIG. 1A illustrates one embodiment of a block diagram of an overall system 100 of the present disclosure. The system 100 includes a water flow device 110, which includes a water flow regulator 115, such as one or more common or different valves; optionally one or more flow modifying components, optionally a visual and/or audible alert device 120, such as LED lights; optionally a display; optionally a speaker; a printed circuit board (PCB) controller 130; memory 135; an antenna 140 (e.g., a receiver and transmitter or a transceiver); a power source 145; and one or more sensors 150, which may include a temperature sensor in addition to common or different sensors, for detecting the presence or absence of a user (or object) and temperature of the water flow.

[0060] The system further includes a networked computing device 155, which may be a cloud or server device, and an optional remote computing device 160, such as a mobile phone, laptop, tablet, user computer, etc. Device 160 and/or device 155 may optionally execute one or more apps 162 for controlling device 110. It will be appreciated that the computing device 155 and/or the mobile computing device 160 may operate in place of one another. The system 100 is configured to provide wireless data communication via antennas, such as antenna 140, among the one or more of the devices 110, 155, 160. Various wireless transmission protocols and encryptions may be used, for example, Bluetooth (BT), Bluetooth low energy (BLE), near- field communication (NFC), Wi-Fi, cellular data, an Internet protocol, or a combination or equivalents thereof. While only one water flow device 110 and one mobile computing device 160 is shown, it will be appreciated, that there may exist multiple devices 110, 160 in one building and/or across the globe that communicate to one or more computing devices 155.

[0061] In some embodiments, the water flow device 110 represents a system for energy and water consumption reduction. Such a system may include a valve configured to adjust a flow of water through a water delivery device (e.g., water flow device 110) based on data received from a sensor 150 configured to detect a movement of a user operating the water delivery device over a period of time and to output one or more signals representing movement of the user over the period of time. The system may also include a transceiver configured to transmit the received and/or detected data to a remote computing device 155. The system may further include a controller 130 communicatively coupled to the valve, the sensor, the transceiver, and memory. The memory may include a computer readable medium having computer readable instructions that when executed by the controller, cause the controller to perform operations including receiving the one or more signals from the sensor, determining a movement pattern of the user based on the one or more signals, and adjusting a functionality of one or more of: the sensor, the valve, or the transceiver based on the determined movement pattern so that a predefined power conservation and a predefined water flow through the water delivery/flow device 110 are achieved.

[0062] In some embodiments, the one or more sensor devices 150 may be configured to sense particular detection zones. The detection zones may be defined to ensure that a user (or pet or object, or the like) is detected when the user, etc. is within the predefined zone or zones. Detection zones may be configured according to user size, material surrounding a sensor, and/or defined use for the water flow device 110. In some embodiments, the detection zones may be based on how the sensors 150 are configured. For example, a sensor 150 may be configured for a pet washing station and as such, the sensor 150 may be configured to assess an area up to or below a predefined threshold, for example near to or within about 3 feet from a floor surface. In another example, the sensor 150 may be configured for a shower used by humans and as such, the sensor 150 may be configured to assess an area at or above a predefined threshold, for example above about 3 feet from the floor surface to an area of about 6 feet above the floor surface.

[0063] In some embodiments, the sensor 150 may be configured for a narrow band of detection or a wide band of detection. For example, if the surrounding surface of a shower is reflective (e.g., glass, ceramic, metal, etc.), the sensor 150 may be configured to detect users within a narrow band to avoid detecting a reflection of the user rather than the actual user. Similarly, if a surrounding surface of a shower is not reflective (e.g., stone, tile, wood, etc.), the sensor 150 may be configured to detect users within a wider band because reflections may not cause a sensing error. Configuring the sensor may function to generate rules for the sensor 150 when attempting to detect users within a zone. For example, rules may include modifying a flow state of the water when a user is not detected within a zone, as described in detail herein. A sensitivity may also be configured for sensor 150 to ensure that materials, user needs, and/or system needs are met.

[0064] In some embodiments, app 162 may be utilized to configure and/or override particular configurations of sensor 150 and/or device 110. For example, to avoid switching device 110 from a high flow state to a low flow state, a user may access app 162 to override, reset, and/or reconfigure the previous configurations of sensor 150 and/or device 110. [0065] The device 110 may further include or be in fluid communication with one or more restrictor inserts 152. The restrictor inserts described herein may be inserted into a cold water inlet to ensure that rapid or significant or substantial temperature fluctuations do not occur when pressure changes, such as from a low flow state to a high flow state and/or from the high flow state to the low flow state. In some embodiments, the restrictor inserts 152 described herein may be inserted into a cold water inlet to ensure that water temperatures are maintained within about zero degrees to about 5 degrees of a preset temperature setting selected by a user. For example, the restrictor insert 152 may be installed on a valve described herein, which are configured to adjust a flow of water through a water delivery device (e.g., water flow device 110). The restrictor insert 152 may be configured to obstruct or regulate the flow of water through the valve to regulate a temperature of the flow of water. The regulating of such a temperature may ensure that the temperature of the flow of water is maintained during use at a preset temperature and within a range of about zero degrees to about 5 degrees above or below the preset temperature. In general, the restrictor insert 152 may be installed in a cold water inlet associated with the valve to reduce an amount of cold water that reaches the valve. In some embodiments, the restrictor insert 152 may instead be installed in the hot water inlet associated with the valve.

[0066] FIG. IB illustrates one embodiment of a graphical user interface (GUI) initialization screen 165 that is configured to interact with a user to program user data, personal information, and/or preferences. In some embodiments, the GUI may be generated by app 162. The initialization screen 165 may be accessed at any time by a user via the computing device 155 and/or the mobile computing device 160. Advantageously, the system 100 may be configured for multiple users using the same or different shower areas within the same or different buildings by programming the system’s initialization screen 165. As a non-limiting example, the initialization screen 165 is optionally configured with a shower area descriptor, such as name, room, and/or a building name, and a user name along with their personal data and desired preferences. Desired preferences may include the user’s height, a desired water temperature (e.g., represented by a number or a hot to cold bar range with a sliding button indicating the desired water temperature), and a desired water flow state (e.g., represented by a number or a high to low bar range with a sliding button indicating the desired flow state). Further, the initialization screen 165 may optionally be configured to receive additional user inputs, such as, for example, a water usage goal, alerts associated with the goal, a water temperature preference, a water flow preference, a timer set, or a volume preference. For example, a user may desire to set a goal of using less than 14 gallons of water for one shower and would like to receive alerts, such as a visual or audible sound from the alert device 120 (e.g., speaker, digital assistant, smart speakers, etc.), when the water usage meets the set water usage goals. As another example, the alert device 120 may be configured to pulse the flow of water via the regulator 115. Shown in the example program of FIG. IB, the user will receive an alert when the approximate water usage has reached a first amount of 80% of 14 gallons, and will receive a second alert when the approximate water usage has reached a second amount of 90% of 14 gallons, and will receive a third alert when the approximate water usage has reached third amount of 95% of 14 gallons. In this example, the user may also set a goal of 5 minutes of total water flow time and program a timer for 4 minutes. When 4 minutes of water flow is reached, the water flow device 110 provides an alert via the alert device 120 and automatically adjusts the regulator 115 to a low flow state. Alternatively, the program could turn the water off at 5 minutes by closing all valves associated with the regulator 115 and/or by transmitting an off signal to a networked water tank depending upon the user preferences. It will be appreciated that any combination and number of goals, alerts, and/or timers may be configured for each individual user or for each shower area. Further, the water flow device 110 may also include an input keypad for manually selecting a programmed user. As another example, a building owner may globally program any of the settings (e.g., temperature, flow states, goals, alerts, and timers) regardless of individual users and different shower areas without providing system access to other users.

[0067] As a further example, a gym owner may program the total water flow time for 5 minutes and set the timer for 4 minutes, and, once the 4 minutes has passed, the water flow device 110 automatically alerts the user, adjusts the water flow to a low flow state for the last minute, and then shuts the water off. In another example, the gym owner may program the system 100 to alert the user that approximately 5 minutes has been reached and, if the user continues showering past the 5-minute total water flow time, the system 100 provides the building owner with the excess time of water usage. The building owner may then utilize this information for excess water charges for the additional time of water flow.

[0068] Referring back to FIG. 1 A, and in conjunction with FIG. IB, the alert device 120 may optionally include visual or audible devices for communicating with a user. In some embodiments, a number of LEDs may be integrated into an outer portion of the water flow device 110 that, when lit or unlit, signify a current state of the device 110. For example, one or more of the following states may be indicated by LEDs: standby mode: red flashes every 10 seconds; water on; series of red, followed by series of green (indicates water on and the water flow device and sensor device are paired); system active; error status; current flow state (low flow: green; high flow: red); user proximity; etc. There may also be a reset switch or button that performs one or more of the following: switches unit to a high flow state; resets the controller; sends an alert to the user and/or the computing device 155 and/or mobile computing device 160; an option to by-pass the controller 130 for the remainder of the current shower; sensor detects the position of the user; sets a corresponding flow rate; selects a programmed user; etc. In some embodiments, a buzzer or speaker is integrated into the water flow device 115 for sounding alerts and/or speaking the current state (e.g., flow state) and goals. Further, optionally a display and/or touchscreen may be integrated either with the water flow device 110 or a stand-alone device for communicating information with the user. It will be appreciated that the alert device 120 may also communicate with a proprietary or open- sourced protocol network and related smart devices, such as electronic assistants and/or smart speakers, etc.

[0069] In some embodiments, the app 162 may be installed on a mobile device 160 (or alternatively on computing device 155). In some embodiments, the app 162 may be a web interface or portal. In general, the app 162 may be used to control water flow and water flow interruption or regulation provided through device 110. For example, the app 162 may function as a remote turn off switch or dashboard to tune or otherwise change water flow states for device 110. In particular, the app 162 may function to allow a user to remotely disable and/or enable device 110 for a selected amount of time. In some embodiments, the app 162 may be used to configure timers to engage or disengage the flow of water through device 110. In some embodiments, the app 162 may be used to configure detection schemes to detect when water is flowing through device 110 and to perform automatic shutoff events if the water is flowing through device 110 longer than a predefined time, optionally configured in a particular detection scheme. This may provide an advantage of providing a safety or water conservation shut off for a garden hose, sink faucet, or other water using device that is detected to be operating longer than a predefined time period.

[0070] FIG. 1C illustrates one embodiment of a GUI statistics and trends screen 170 that is configured to provide a user with water and energy statistics and trends. During the usage of water, the controller 130 of the water flow device 110 captures and stores in memory 135 data associated with the flow of water each time water is used, such as the examples given above, for each programmed user. At optimized intervals, or alternatively, at optimized frequencies, and will be discussed in further detail below, the water flow device 110 transmits via the antenna 140 the stored data to the computing device 155 for further processing and analysis in order to compile the water and energy usage and trends over periods of time. At any time, the user is capable of retrieving the statistics trends via the statistics and trends screen 170 either on the mobile computing device 160 or a touchscreen associated with the shower area. The data may be compiled and displayed according to daily, monthly, and/or yearly numbers. The statistics and trends displayed on screen 170 can be data signifying, for example, an amount of water used; an estimated amount of water saved; an average temperature of the water flow; a total shower time period; a time period when the water was flowing, but the shower area was unoccupied; a time period that the water flow was in a low flow state; a time period that the water flow was in a high flow state; an amount of energy used by the device; an estimated amount of energy saved by the device; battery health; a comparison of the gathered statistics to other users. It will be appreciated that the comparisons may be to other users in the same shower area, same building, in a community, or globally. Some of the information the water flow device 110 captures, stores, and transmits to the computing device 155 includes one or more of the following: device name/number and location; battery health; time at start of shower; length of shower; water consumed, which may be calculated or estimated; water saved, which may be calculated or estimated; temperatures of the water and shower area; sensor distance readings; system voltages to ensure correct operation; maximum pressure of the water flow, for example, 145 psi or 1 MPa; maximum water temperature, for example, approximately 120°F or 50°C for 30 mins; operating water pressure, for example, from approximately 10 psi to 100 psi (e.g., approximately 68 kPa to 689 kPa); water flow device life cycles, for example, approximately 100,000 cycles with a 2-year warranty, etc. In some embodiments, a piezo energy harvester combined with a capacitor integrated into the water flow device 110 may be mounted on a water pipe to gather, store, and transmit water data. More specifically, the piezo energy harvester may detect the vibration of the water flowing through the water pipe and convert the vibration energy into a voltage. The voltage may then be used to power the water flow device. Further, the vibrations can be stored and converted into water flow statistics, such as discussed above.

[0071] Further, over time, the computing device 155 compiles and analyzes user usage patterns. Based on the patterns, the computing device 155 identifies individual showering behaviors and may automatically optimize the configuration of the water flow device 110 accordingly. For example, a female user consistently showers for approximately 5 minutes six days a week, however, on one day a week, her shower time is extended to 9 minutes. Based on this behavior pattern, the computing device 155 may transmit instructions to the controller 130 to periodically restrict the water flow with the regulator 115 during the longer shower day so that the average water used during this particular shower is comparable to the average water used on the other days. As another example, the pattern may identify that a particular user steps away from the showerhead after an approximate period of time while shampooing, then after a second approximate amount of time, steps back towards the showerhead while rinsing. The computing device 155 may utilize these identified patterns to further optimize varying the states of water flow. Other patterns include high demand periods; low demand periods; longer shower durations for particular users; particular movement pattern of the user in the shower area; etc. Further, the computing device 155 may also provide suggestions or tips to the user based on these patterns in order for the user to adjust the system for further water and energy conservation. For example, the computing device 155 may suggest to the user, via an interactive GUI screen 165, to program the water flow device 110 to lower the water usage goal by 1 gallon, which could potentially save up to 360 gallons per year.

[0072] FIG. 2 illustrates an image of one embodiment of a water flow device including a water flow regulator 115 and a separate sensor device 150 in a shower area. As previously mentioned hereinabove, the water flow device 110 including the regulator 115 and the sensor device 150 may be integrated into one device or may be separate devices. It will be appreciated that a temperature sensor (not shown) may also be configured into the water flow device 110 to sense the water temperature of the water flowing through the regulator 115 or sense the temperature of the pipe through which the water flows, as an approximation of actual water temperature. As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 2, the water flow device 110 is mounted on a water pipe 205 between a showerhead 210 and a shower wall 220, and the installation is discussed further hereinbelow with reference to FIG. 10. In some embodiments, the water flow device 110 may also be mounted on a water pipe between a showerhead and a shower ceiling. Further, it is envisioned that two separate water flow devices 110 may be utilized for multishower head control while using a single sensor device 150 to communicate with both devices 110.

[0073] Still referring to FIG. 2, the sensor device 150 is easily attached to the shower wall 220 using, for example, an adhesive, or any other convenient and equivalent manner to attach the device 150 on the shower wall 220. The sensor device 150, which may include one or more sensors, such as proximity sensors, photoelectric, thermal, or ultrasonic sensors, detects the absence, presence, and/or changes in location of a user within the shower area and transmits (e.g., using Bluetooth or Bluetooth Energy) a high flow state or low flow state signal to the water flow device 110. A thermal sensor may sense the temperature in the shower area. In one configuration, a separate sensor device 150, which mounts on a wall, may include one or more proximity sensors, a power source, such as a battery, and a printed circuit board controller to detect the proximity distance of a user in relation to the sensor device 150. In another configuration, the integrated sensor device 150, which includes one or more various sensors, such as proximity, photoelectric, thermal and/or ultrasonic sensors, may utilize the power source 145 and controller 130 in the water flow device 110. Ultrasonic sensors may be used when the water pipe and showerhead are mounted to the ceiling to detect when a user is directly underneath the showerhead. Advantageously, the system 100 may optimize or balance sensor cycle times and a number of readings sensing the presence, absence, and/or change in location in order to conserve energy and accurately change flow states. For either configuration (separate or integrated devices), components, such as capacitors, insulators, etc., may be used for signal dampening, signal filtering, firmware optimization, sampling frequency, artifact identification, etc. These components may be configured and optimized in the sensor device 150 to accommodate for the unique environment of the shower area (tile, humidity, glass, etc.) and provide a quality sensor signal with little noise. Further, a silicone boot may be used to insulate the sensors from touching the sensor device and/or the water flow device casing, or housing, to improve the sensed signal. FIG. 3 illustrates an image of another embodiment of a water flow device including a water flow regulator and sensor device as one integrated unit in a shower area. As shown, the water flow device 110 that includes the sensor device 150 is mounted on a longer, flexible water hose 310 and attached to a shower wall 315. A moveable showerhead 320 is mounted at the end of the water hose 310 after the water flow device 110. In this configuration, the integrated water flow device 110 easily allows the continued use and flexibility of this type of mounted showerhead 320 while also detecting the proximity of a user. [0074] FIG. 4 illustrates an image of another embodiment of a water flow device including a water flow regulator and sensor device as one integrated unit in a shower area. As shown, the integrated water flow device 110 is mounted on a water pipe 410 between a shower wall 415 and a showerhead 420. As in FIG. 3, the sensor device 150 is included in the water flow device 110. As previously described, the water flow device 110 may also be mounted on a water pipe 410 that comes down from the ceiling of the shower area. [0075] FIG. 5 illustrates an image of an embodiment of the water flow device including a water flow regulator and separate sensor device as in FIG. 2 that adjusts the water flow. The sensor device 150 is mounted on a shower wall 510, and an antenna of the sensor device 150 is in communication (e.g., wirelessly) with the antenna 140 of the water flow device 110 that is mounted on a water pipe 520. It will be appreciated that the water pipe 520 may be wall mounted, as shown, or ceiling mounted. When the sensor device 150 detects the presence of a user 525 in the shower area, a signal is transmitted from the sensor device 150 to the antenna 140 signaling the controller 130 to set the regulator to a high flow state. When the user changes location by more than a threshold distance 530, for example, greater than about 50 cm from the sensor device 150, the sensor device 150 transmits a signal to the antenna 140, signaling the controller 130 to set the regulator 115 to a low flow state. It will be appreciated that the threshold distance 530 may be pre-programmed at a default distance or into threshold zones, and, depending upon the usage, the threshold distance 530 and or zone (not shown) may be adjusted to a different suitable threshold distance or zone. In general, the regulator 115 may include any number and types of valves, such as, variable valves, solenoid valves, on/off valves, restrictor valves, rotary valves, or any equivalent regulating components, and may operate independently or cooperatively to adjust the water flow and/or water path through integrated channels in the water flow device 110. One or more valves may partially open and/or close to restrict the amount of water flow; they may also independently fully close thereby blocking and directing the water into different smaller diameter channels that restrict the water flow. For example, in the low flow state (i.e., user is more than a predetermined distance from the unit), the regulator 115, which may include a valve block, may block the water flow from one path and direct the water flow through another channel, which may include a valve block having a fixed orifice coupled with the water outlet within the water flow device 110, that provides water in a low flow state. In this manner, the water flow is restricted. In the high flow state (i.e., user is less than a predetermined distance from the unit), the regulator 115, which may include, for example, a magnetically-latched solenoid valve, moves from a first, or closed, position (i.e., an armature in a closed position allows all water to flow through the valve block) to a second, or open, position (e.g., the armature is in an open position and allows all water flow through both the valve block fixed smaller orifice as well as through a second channel, thereby allowing more water through in the high flow state). In some embodiments, a range of water flow states are envisioned that range from approximately 0% to 100% using more valves and/or variable valves. [0076] FIGs. 6-8 show various views of the water flow device of FIG. 2. Like number are used to refer to like elements in FIGs. 6-8. FIG. 6 illustrates an exploded perspective side view of the water flow device of FIG. 2. As shown in this example, the water flow device is powered by a power source 145a, 145b, such as lithium batteries, rechargeable batteries, or the like. The regulator 115 includes one or more valves, such as magnetically -latched solenoid valves 635. Notably, solenoid valves 635 include an armature that is held in a fixed position (e.g., ranging from a low to a high flow state) without requiring a constant power source. Advantageously, the water flow device 110 does not consume energy when water is not flowing, nor does the system require user input (i.e., no button pushing, no activating the system other than turning on the water) to start regulating water flow. In some embodiments, when water begins to flow through the water pipe attached to a water inlet 605, the input water flow pressurizes the system 110, which causes a silicone o-ring 610 or silicone key pad to deflect causing a carbon pill 620 to push against the controller 130 to complete the circuit and start the processes outlined above for water flow regulation. In some embodiments, the silicone o-ring may be a key-pad type pressure switch that detects water flow in the pipe. In a further embodiment, a pressure transducer positioned between a flexible material may sense the presence of and measure water pressure. A force gauge, where more force varies the signal, may be used instead of a silicone key pad. In this manner, the force gauge is positioned between a flexible material so that the more it flexes, the larger the signal. For example, as the pressures increases from 10 to 20 to 30 psi (e.g., about 68 kPa to about 137 kPa to about 206 Pa), the pressure causes more deflection, which puts more pressure on the force gauge as opposed to a silicone key pad that is currently on in the presence of water flowing or off in the absence of water flowing. Advantageously, a force gauge may provide the pressure in the building from running devices. In this manner, water utility companies could try to keep the water pressure at an optimal rate for everyone and not over-pressurize the system. In any embodiment, water is routed through the regulator 115 and exits at the water outlet 630. In like manner, in the absence of water, the circuit is broken and no longer requires power, and there is no power leakage. Additionally, while not shown in FIG. 6, it is worth nothing that the sensor device 150 consumes a small amount of energy to periodically communicate with the water flow device 110 whether or not water is flowing through the water flow device 110. Also shown is a front face 640 that couples with an outer casing 645 to completely enclose and seal the contents from water.

[0077] FIG. 7 illustrates an exploded front view of the water flow device of FIG. 2. As shown, at the water outlet 630 is a valve block 705. The valve block 705 may operate as the low flow state channel. The valve block 705 may have a fixed smaller diameter channel 710; however, it is also envisioned that the valve block 705 has a variable diameter channel to variably control the water flow ranging from high to low flow. It will also be appreciated that while one solenoid valve 635 is shown, there may be any number of solenoid valves that may be placed in series with the low flow valve block 705 and/or may replace the low flow valve block 705.

[0078] FIG. 8 illustrates an exploded perspective side view of the water flow device of FIG. 2. In some embodiments, the water flow device 110 is installed by removing a showerhead from the water pipe, if there is currently a showerhead, and attaching the water inlet 605 having standard outer pipe threads to standard inner threads at the end of the water pipe. Similarly, the showerhead threads into the standard inner threads at the water outlet 630. It will be appreciated that various embodiments may be configured with different threads according to the plumbing codes of particular regions. Additionally, plumbing tape may be utilized around the threads in order to ensure proper mating and seal against water leaks.

[0079] FIGs. 9-10 show various views of the water flow device of FIG. 3. Like numbers are used to refer to like elements in FIGs. 9-10. FIG. 9 illustrates a front internal view of the integrated water flow device and sensor device of FIG. 3. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a casing 905 may include the water flow regulator 115 and the sensor device 150, which may include one or more sensors, such as, proximity, photoelectric, thermal, or ultrasonic sensors, as one integrated unit. An on/off switch 910 may optionally be incorporated on the water flow device 110 for further energy conservation. As with the previous water flow device configurations shown in FIGs. 6-8, the water flow inlet 605 mounts on a water pipe, which may be wall or ceiling mounted, and the showerhead mounts to the water flow outlet 630. The integrated sensor device 150 detects the presence, absence, and/or change in location of the user during a showering event. Depending on the location of the user in reference to the sensors, the sensor device 150 transmits a signal to the controller 130 signifying a high flow state or a low flow state as detailed in relation to FIGs. 6-8. As also mentioned herein, depending upon the user preferences and goals, the controller 130 may control variable valves, such as the solenoid valve 635, to variably change the water flow state within a flow range approximate to the high or low flow states.

[0080] As shown in FIG. 9, a temperature sensor 915 may also be included that detects and records an approximate water temperature taken at the outside perimeter of the water outlet 630. In some embodiments, a temperature probe may be incorporated into the valve block 705 that provides an approximate water temperature while not contacting the water and potentially causing a leakage area. The controller 130 may be configured to receive the sensed temperature from the temperature sensor 915 and, when the sensed temperature is below a desired programmed temperature, transmits a high flow state signal to the regulator 115 to purge cold water from the water pipe. When the sensed temperature reaches the desired programmed temperature, the controller 130 may be configured to transmit a low flow state signal to the controller 130 until the presence of a user is detected, at which time, the controller 130 transmits the high flow state signal. In this manner, the high flow state signal that is dependent upon the sensed temperature ensures the heated water flushes out the colder water quickly. It will be appreciated that, while not shown, the temperature sensor 915 may also be integrated into any configuration water flow device 115, such as those shown in FIGs. 2-8.

[0081] FIG. 10 illustrates a side internal view of the integrated water flow device and sensor device of FIG. 3. The on/off switch 910 may optionally be incorporated on the water flow device 110 for energy conservation. Further, the casing 905 includes a power source opening door 1020 for replacing the power source, such as batteries.

[0082] FIG. 11 is a process flowchart of an embodiment for regulating water flow using the water flow device and sensor device of FIGs. 2 and 3. The process shown in FIG. 11 may be performed by the controller 130 using memory 135 of device 110 and/or computing device 155. Initially, the water flow device 110 is in a default or idle state SI 110. In this state SI 110, the water flow is off, the regulator 115 is set to a high flow state and there are no power requirements for the system. When the water is turned on, the water flow device performs one or more of the following: a timer begins and the power source is checked. If the voltage is less than about, for example, 3.5 V, the water flow device 115 leaves the regulator in a high flow state and discontinues further processing. When the voltage is greater than about, for example, 3.5 V, the controller 130 checks the memory 135 and configuration settings, such as received and stored user preferences and goals. The bootloader code begins and is ready for processing. Other configurations are possible and manageable by a user accessing app 162, for example, to modify operation of the water flow device 110 and/or operation of the sensor 150.

[0083] At SI 120, networking components and protocols are established for communication between the water flow device 110 and the computing device 155 by performing one or more of the following: the antenna 140 is powered on and a Wi-Fi, or another network transmission protocol, access point is created; a new configuration setting is acquired, if necessary; any unsent data that is stored in memory is compiled for transmission to the computing device 155 on a secure data path; any firmware or software updates are download; and/or any diagnostics may be run on the device 110. Once the device is finished with any networking activities, the antenna is turned off for energy conservation.

[0084] At SI 130, the water flow device then performs one or more of the following: initialize the programming and controller; receive and record the temperature obtained from the temperature sensor 915; if the sensed temperature has reached the desired user preference, then the water flow device sets the regulator to a low flow state and remains in the low flow state until a high flow state signal is received from the sensor device 150.

[0085] At SI 140, also shown in FIG. 14, the water flow device 110 is ready for regulating the water flow based on data received from the sensor device 150. The water flow regulator 115 is positioned for a low flow state at SI 145. At SI 150, the sensor device 150 periodically performs a time of flight measurement that detects a user’s distance from the sensor device. In the event a user is not detected, or the user is at a greater distance than a predetermined distance away from the sensor device 150, no actions are taken and the water flow device 110 remains in the low flow state. Further, the water flow device 110 may be configured to alert the user if the system remains in the low flow state for a predetermined period of time. For example, if after 30 seconds of low flow state, an alert is given to urge the user into the shower area and begin showering. The sensor device 150 continues sampling at a sampling rate and, when the time of flight measurement detects that a user has entered the area or is in closer proximity than the predetermined distance to the sensor device 150, the sensor device 150 at SI 160 transmits a high flow state signal to the water flow device 110 to control and position the regulator 115 to enter a high flow state at SI 165. Further, the water flow device 110 at SI 170 records the times of each change (i.e., low flow state to high flow state). The sensor device 150 continues sampling SI 150 at an optimized sampling rate based on battery health and/or user energy preferences until the water is turned off.

[0086] FIG. 12 is a process flowchart of an embodiment for optimizing transmission of data. The process shown in FIG. 12 may be performed by the controller 130 using memory 135 of device 110 and/or computing device 155. As previously mentioned, the system 100 transmits and receives data among the water flow device 110, the computing device 155, and the mobile computing device 160. Advantageously, the system 100 optimizes the data transmission to and from the water flow device 110 in order to conserve energy used by the device 110. At S 1210, when the water is turned off, the system performs one or more of the following: the timers are turned off; the regulator 115 is reset to a high flow state; the device 110 checks the integrity of the water usage data and the battery health; if the battery health is optimal, the device 110 connects to the network, via Wi-Fi or other Internet protocol; once the network is established, the device 110 transmits and confirms receipt of the data packets; if the data packets were received by the computing device 155 correctly, the device 110 receives a confirmation, and powers off the device 110.

[0087] The system 100 provides further energy conversation and systems for optimizing energy management in the water flow device. Referring back to FIG. 1, in general, energy management may be controlled and/or adjusted by one or more of the following: wireless software updates, product design, circuit board design, component selection, connectivity (e.g., to one or more computing devices, servers, cloud servers, etc.), frequency and analysis of user movement, user understanding, and data collection, to name but a few. More specifically, the water flow device 110 periodically determines a voltage level of the power source 145 and compares it to a predetermined threshold (e.g., a voltage such as about 3.5) that is stored in internal memory 135. If the battery health is above the threshold, the controller 130 may transmit a fast cycle signal to the sensor device 150 for sampling at a fast cycle, such as every 5 seconds. If the battery health is below the threshold, the controller 130 may transmit a slow cycle signal to the sensor device 150 for sampling at a slower rate, such as every 15 seconds. Advantageously, having an optimized balance between sensor cycle time and the number of readings sensing the presence, absence, and/or change in location provides energy conservation while also conserving water flow. Additionally, based on the battery health, the controller 130 may adjust data transmissions to the computing device 155, such as once a day when the battery level is high and once a week or month when the battery level is low. Another embodiment envisions the computing device 155 that operates to optimize data transmissions for energy conservation. The computing device 155 may adjust the frequency of data transmissions received from the water flow device 110 based on a time period and/or a history of stored data. For example, upon initial setup of the water flow device 110, the computing device 155 may request more frequent stored data transmissions from the water flow device 110 in order to establish enough data to provide the user with statistics. However, after some time, the user and/or shower area statistics and trends should stabilize, thereby requiring fewer transmissions and conserving energy. For example, initially, the water flow device 110 may transmit stored data to the computing device 155 after every shower so that the user(s) may quickly see the statistics. After approximately a month, for example, the water flow device 110 may be programmed to transmit stored data at the end of every day or may even once a month. It will be appreciated that the computing device 155 and the controller 130 may operate cooperatively to optimize the transmissions. Data transmission may be further optimized based on user use of the data that is displayed in a mobile computing device. For example, user access of the data may wax and wane over time, such that data transmission frequency will increase as the user checks more frequently and will decrease as the user checks less frequently, thus conserving power. As a further embodiment for conserving energy, the user may desire to conserve energy and manually program the data transmission using the initialization screen 165 for programming the data transmission rate to, for example, once a day, bimonthly, or monthly.

In some embodiments, data from the sensor 150 (e.g., signal output) may be used to obtain and/or determine one or more statistics associated with the valve or the sensor and obtained over a predefined time period. Such statistics may include one or more of: a water usage, a water saved, an average water temperature, a total shower time, a total time that water was on but the shower was empty, a total time in a low flow state, a total time in a high flow state, an energy used, an energy saved, and/or a comparison of the one or more statistics with one or more other system for energy and water consumption reduction.

[0088] FIG. 13 is a process flowchart of an embodiment for operating the water flow device during a bypass mode. The process shown in FIG. 13 may be performed by the controller 130 using memory 135 of device 110 and/or computing device 155. In some events, the device 110 and/or a user may decide to operate the water flow device 110 in a bypass mode. One embodiment of a bypass mode is shown in FIG. 13 at S1310, and the water flow device 110 performs one or more of the following: a reset switch is selected and received by a user; the regulator 115 is set to a high flow state; the controller is reset, and the system remains in this state until the water is turned off. Another embodiment for operating in a bypass mode is when at SI 110, the battery health is below a minimum, such as, for example, about 3.5 V.

[0089] FIG. 14 is a process flowchart of one embodiment of conserving energy of the system based on usage patterns. The process shown in FIG. 14 may be performed by the computing device 155. In some embodiments, the process shown in FIG. 14 may instead be performed by controller 130 using memory 135 of device 110. In short, the process of FIG. 14 may be a method for energy and water consumption reduction. The process may be performed by a hardware controller 130 communicatively coupled to the water delivery device 110 configured to receive water from a water source. The process may include receiving one or more signals from a sensor installed in the water delivery device, wherein the one or more signals are indicative of a movement of a user operating the water delivery device over a period of time associated with a water usage event; determining a movement pattern of the user based on the one or more signals; and adjusting a functionality of one or more of: the sensor, wherein the sensor is configured to sample the movement of the user operating the water delivery device over the period of time during the water usage event, a valve that is configured to control a flow of water during the water usage event, or an antenna configured to transmit data about the water usage event based on the determined movement pattern so that a predefined power conservation and a predefined water flow through the water delivery device are achieved.

[0090] At S1405, data from the water flow device 110 is received by the computing device 155. The data may include one or more shower events regarding one or more users detected by the water flow device 110. The computing device 155 is configured to sort, identify, and store the shower area name(s) and/or building name(s) and the user(s) along with additional showering event data. Referring back to FIG. 1C, the computing device 155 analyzes the sorted showering event data, such as one or more of the following: amount of water used, estimated and/or calculated amount of water saved, an average water temp, total shower time; water flow time while unoccupied; time in the low flow state; and time in the high flow state. Further, the water flow device 110 may also transmit sensor data, which correlates with user movement in the shower area. The sensor data may be analyzed using a pattern matching algorithm or similar algorithm to determine a user movement pattern.

[0091] The user movement pattern may be optimized over time based on user movement during each shower event, such that a sampling rate of the one or more sensors, a cycling or latency of the valve, and/or a frequency of transmitting shower data may be optimized for each user. For example, if the user has long, slow hair rinse cycles, the sampling rate of the sensor during this time period may be reduced, for example because the system knows that the user is not going to move much for the next period of time. As another example, if the user is moving very quickly during her shower and moves very quickly between regions that indicate low and high flow states, a latency of the valve may be reduced such that the valve can switch more quickly between the high and low flow states.

[0092] Further for example, movement behaviors, such as, time period the user was close to the sensor device; time period the user was away from the sensor device; time the user was directly under a showerhead; and time the user moved away from the showerhead, may be identified during the duration of one or more showering events in order to provide a pattern of user movement. In this manner, at S1410, the computing device 155 identifies and correlates the movement patterns with the above-mentioned user data for each user for each showering event. Based on the identified movement patterns, at S1415, the computing device 155 is configured to compute optimization instructions for each identified user and associated water flow device 110. The optimization instructions may also take into consideration the user’s preferences and goals as detailed in relation to FIG. IB. At S1420, the computing device 155 transmits the optimization instructions to the water flow device 110 for storage in internal memory 135 and recall for the next shower event for the identified user. The water flow device receives and stores the optimization instructions at SI 425. At the next showering event, the water flow device 110 receives a user indication, such as signing in as a user on the GUI screen 165 (FIG. IB) or, additionally or alternatively, pressing a programming button located on the face of either or both the sensor device 150 and/or the water flow device 110 signifying their user name, and, based on the user indication, recalls the optimization instructions for the identified user in order to optimize the water and power states of the showering event. Advantageously, the optimization instructions, such as, adjusting a functionality of one or more of: the sensor device, the valve(s), and/or the antenna based on the determined movement pattern for each user achieves a desired power conservation and a desired water flow through the water flow device.

[0093] In some embodiments, the water flow device 110 may determine a movement pattern by further predicting a future movement pattern of the user. For example, based on previously detected movement patterns, the device 110 may predict future needs of the user using device 110. In some embodiments, the predictions may be used to generate an adjustment model for adjusting the functionality of one or more of the sensor 150, the valve (e.g., valve 635), or the transceiver (e.g., antenna 140). The adjustment model may be further modified according to additional detected use of the device 110. The adjustment model may include a configuration for a power need (e.g., an upcoming power need based on a previously used power level). The adjustment model may also include a configuration for a water need (e.g., an upcoming water need based on a previously used water level or pressure) and according to the prediction of the future movement pattem(s).

[0094] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a high flow state 1500 of the water flow devices described herein. A water spout 1502 is shown connected to a valve 1504 (e.g., a mixing valve). The water spout 1502 may represent, for example, one or more faucet spouts, one or more tub spouts, one or more hose bibbs, one or more handheld shower wands, one or more showerheads, or the like. The valve 1504 may receive water supplied from a hot water inlet 1506 and a cold water inlet 1508, as shown by arrows 1510 and 1512, respectively.

[0095] For example, in the high flow state 1500, a user may be determined to be less than a predefined distance from the spout, or less than the predefined distance from a sensor (not shown) associated with the spout 1502. In such a state 1500, a regulator (e.g., regulator 115) that includes, for example, a magnetically-latched solenoid valve, may move from a first, or closed, position (i.e., an armature in a closed position allows all water to flow through the valve block) to a second, or open, position (e.g., the armature is in an open position and allows all water flow through both the valve block fixed smaller orifice as well as through a second channel, thereby allowing more water through in the high flow state 1500). In some embodiments, a range of water flow states are envisioned that range from approximately 0% to 100% using more valves and/or variable valves.

[0096] In the depicted example, the hot water inlet 1506 may provide water to spout 1502 via valve 1504 at a pressure of about 276 kPa (about 40 psi) at a temperature of about 15.5 degrees Celsius (about 60 degrees Fahrenheit) while the cold water inlet 1508 may provide water to spout 1502 via valve 1504 at a pressure of about 345 KPa (about 50 psi) and temperature of about 10 degrees Celsius to obtain a spout temperature of about 31 degrees Celsius. The spout temperature may be maintained within about zero to about 5 degrees Celsius of the selected temperature (e.g., 31 degrees Celsius) using restrictor insert 152 described herein to reduce pressure in the cold water inlet 1508. Other ranges of pressures and temperatures are of course possible.

[0097] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a low flow state 1600 of the water flow devices described herein. A water spout 1602 is shown connected to a valve 1604 (e.g., a mixing valve). The water spout 1602 may represent, for example, one or more faucet spouts, one or more tub spouts, one or more hose bibbs, one or more handheld shower wands, one or more showerheads, or the like). The valve 1604 may receive water supplied from a hot water inlet 1606 and a cold water inlet 1608, as shown by arrows 1610 and 1612, respectively.

[0098] For example, in a low flow state, a user may be determined to be more than a predefined distance from the spout, or more than the predefined distance from a sensor (not shown) associated with the spout 1602. In such a state 1600, the regulator 115 (not shown) may block the water flow from one path and direct the water flow through another channel, which may include a valve block having a small fixed orifice coupled with the water outlet within the water flow device 110, that provides water in the low flow state 1600. In this manner, the water flow is restricted.

[0099] In the depicted example, the hot water inlet 1606 may provide water to spout 1602 via valve 1604 at a pressure of about 276 kPa (about 40 psi) at a temperature of about 60 degrees Fahrenheit (about 15.5 degrees Celsius) while the cold water inlet 1608 may provide water to spout 1602 via valve 1604 at a pressure of about 345 KPa (about 50 psi) and temperature of about 10 degrees Celsius to obtain a spout temperature of about 26 degrees Celsius. In the low flow state 1600, back pressure may increase on the valve 1604 which can cause a pressure differential to drop and the balance between hot water and cold water can be inadvertently modified to trigger temperature to decrease (or increase). By employing the restrictor insert 152 in the cold water inlet 1608, the spout temperature may be maintained within about zero to about 5 degrees Celsius of the selected temperature (e.g., 26 degrees Celsius), which results from reducing pressure in the cold water inlet 1608. Other ranges of pressures and temperatures are of course possible.

[00100] In some embodiments, the restrictor inserts described herein may be inserted into the cold water inlet 1508 to ensure that temperature fluctuations do not occur rapidly when pressure changes, such as from the low flow state 1600 to the high flow state 1500 and/or from the high flow state 1500 to the low flow state 1600. In some embodiments, the restrictor inserts 152 described herein may be inserted into the cold water inlet 1508 to ensure that water temperatures are maintained within about zero degrees Celsius to about 5 degrees Celsius of a preset temperature setting selected by the user. In some embodiments, the restrictor insert 152 may maintain the preset temperature within about zero degrees Celsius to about 4 degrees Celsius when flow pressure changes are detected. In some embodiments, the restrictor insert 152 may maintain the preset temperature within about 1 degree Celsius to about 4 degrees Celsius when flow pressure changes are detected. In some embodiments, the restrictor insert 152 may maintain the preset temperature within about two degrees Celsius to about 4 degrees Celsius when flow pressure changes are detected. In some embodiments, the restrictor insert 152 may maintain the preset temperature within about two degrees Celsius to about 3 degrees Celsius when flow pressure changes are detected.

[00101] FIG. 17 illustrates perspective view of an example restrictor insert 152 for use with the water flow devices described herein. The restrictor insert 152 may be used to restrict a pipe diameter thereby increasing pressure in the pipe and reducing flow rate. Such an insert may be used to minimize a temperature difference that may occur when changes in water pressure occur in the pipe. For example, the example restrictor insert 152 may represent a pipe restrictor inserted in the cold water pipe to restrict the pipe diameter, increase pipe/water pressure, and reduce flow rate, which may minimize the temperature difference between changes in pressure. [00102] In operation, the restrictor insert 152 may be helpful in countries that do not have plumbing installation codes that include thermostatic valves (or similar pressure balancing diaphragms/valves). For example, in Singapore, which does not have plumbing installation codes that include thermostatic valve requirements, the water flow device 110 may be configured to integrate a pressure or temperature fluctuating device so that, when a user is showering, the user will not be scalded with hot water when another fixture in the building utilizes a flow of water. More specifically, in cases where the pressure in a hot water line is different from a cold-water line, a restrictor insert (e.g., restrictor insert 152) may be used with the cold water line to equalize the pressure at the point of use. With equal pressure, there may be no sudden change in water temperature at the point of use. This provides an advantage of increased safety for the user by reducing scald risk.

[00103] As shown in FIG. 17, the example restrictor insert 152 may have a shape that generally matches a shape of the target pipe. For example, the restrictor insert 152 may be generally cylindrical in configuration, having a wedge-shaped sidewall 1702 and upper and lower flanges 1704, 1706 extending radially of the sidewall 1702. The sidewall 1702 terminates at a straight wall section 1708 and a straight wall section 1710 leaving a wedge-shaped cutout 1712. The cutout 1712 may be configured to allow squeezing of the insert 152 to allow fitting of the insert 152 into a portion of a cold water inlet of a water supply. The upper flange 1704 includes an annular ring 1714 that runs from the upper flange 1704 and through both the sidewall 1702 and the lower flange 1706. The upper flange 1704 also includes an annular divot 1716a that indicates a particular match to a pipe diameter that is piped from a cold water source to the cold water inlet. Additional and optional annular divots 1716b, 1716c, 1716d, 1716e, and/or 1716f may be included on insert 152 for other implementations of the divot and for use with different sized pipe diameters and/or infrastructure.

[00104] The lower flange 1706 is a semi-circular wall portion that extends across a portion of a bottom surface of the sidewall 1702 and extends downward along a straight wall section 1718. The lower flange 1706 includes a lip 1720 that extends outward from the sidewall 1702 around the semi-circular wall portion, which stops at the straight wall section 1718. [00105] In general, the insert 152 may be formed of polycarbonate, rubber, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), or other material or combination of materials that may provide an amount of flexion to be fit into a cold water inlet pipe.

[00106] FIG. 18 is an exploded view of an example valve assembly 1800 and restrictor insert 152. The exploded view includes a valve body 1802 with a cold water inlet 1804 and a hot water inlet 1806. The restrictor insert 152 is configured to be inserted into cold water inlet 1804. A valve cartridge 1808 is configured to be installed into main water outlet 1810. A valve stem 1812, a bonnet 1814, a temperature stop 1816, and O-ring 1818 may be assembled together.

[00107] The systems and methods described herein can be embodied and/or implemented at least in part as a machine configured to receive a computer-readable medium storing computer- readable instructions. The instructions are executed by computer-executable components integrated with the system and one or more portions of the controller on the water flow device, computing device, and/or mobile computing device. The computer-readable medium can be stored on any suitable computer-readable media such as RAMs, ROMs, flash memory, EEPROMs, optical devices (e.g., CD or DVD), hard drives, floppy drives, or any suitable device. The computer-executable component is a general or application-specific processor, but any suitable dedicated hardware or hardware/firmware combination can alternatively or additionally execute the instructions.

[00108] As used in the description and claims, the singular form “a”, “an” and “the” include both singular and plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the term “sensor device” may include, and is contemplated to include, a plurality of sensors. At times, the claims and disclosure may include terms such as “a plurality,” “one or more,” or “at least one;” however, the absence of such terms is not intended to mean, and should not be interpreted to mean, that a plurality is not conceived.

[00109] The term “about” or “approximately,” when used before a numerical designation or range (e.g., to define a length or pressure), indicates approximations which may vary by ( + ) or ( - ) 5%, 1% or 0.1%. All numerical ranges provided herein are inclusive of the stated start and end numbers. The term “substantially” indicates mostly (i.e., greater than 50%) or essentially all of a device, substance, or composition.

[00110] As used herein, the term “comprising” or “comprises” is intended to mean that the devices, systems, and methods include the recited elements, and may additionally include any other elements. “Consisting essentially of’ shall mean that the devices, systems, and methods include the recited elements and exclude other elements of essential significance to the combination for the stated purpose. Thus, a system or method consisting essentially of the elements as defined herein would not exclude other materials, features, or steps that do not materially affect the basic and novel character! stic(s) of the claimed disclosure. “Consisting of’ shall mean that the devices, systems, and methods include the recited elements and exclude anything more than a trivial or inconsequential element or step. Embodiments defined by each of these transitional terms are within the scope of this disclosure.

[00111] The examples and illustrations included herein show, by way of illustration and not of limitation, specific embodiments in which the subject matter may be practiced. Other embodiments may be utilized and derived therefrom, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Thus, although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, any arrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description.