MAINTENANCE

REUATED APPUICATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 15/893,829 filed February 12, 2018, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Maintenance services (e.g., floor cleaning) for office buildings, industrial facilities and the like are areas where organizations and building service contractors frequently strive for reduced costs and in becoming more competitive. Such entities may also not be able to efficiently manage their assets (e.g., floor surface maintenance machines). Further, because of the lack of performance data, supervisors of maintenance service workers and/or companies may not be able to monitor and evaluate performance indicators of cleaning crews so that they may satisfy the terms of their building service contracts with building owners. Also, presently it may be challenging to measure more precise location-specific performance data, and thereby correlate performance and utilization of assets to the location of the maintenance site.

SUMMARY

[0003] Certain embodiments of the disclosure include systems and methods for detecting a site maintenance operation. A maintenance device locatable on an indoor map of an indoor location. A localization system can be operatively coupled to the maintenance device to detect one or more motion parameters of the maintenance device. The maintenance device can be localized (e.g., its position located) on the indoor map. A movement of the maintenance device can be characterized and/or tracked on the indoor map. A motion map can be displayed to illustrate (e.g., visually represent) the characterized movement.

[0004] Certain embodiments also include systems and methods for determining whether a site maintenance operation has been completed. An offsite computer can be in operative communication with the maintenance device. The offsite computer can be located internal or external to the indoor location. The offsite computer can be used to determine whether the site maintenance operation has commenced at the indoor location. Optionally, the offsite computer can be used to measure one or more maintenance parameters of the site

maintenance operation. Further, optionally, the offsite computer can be used to compare the l one or more maintenance parameters to predetermined benchmark parameters to determine whether the site maintenance operation has been completed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0005] Figure 1 is a schematic of a system for measuring performance of site maintenance according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0006] Figure 2 is another schematic of the system illustrated in Figure 1 showing components thereof;

[0007] Figures 3A-3M illustrate various graphical and tabulated displays obtained from the offsite computer indicative of performance metrics of site maintenance according to an embodiment;

[0008] Figure 4 is a flow chart depicting an algorithm for tracking a site maintenance device in an indoor location according to an embodiment;

[0009] Figure 5 is a flow chart depicting an algorithm for measuring the performance of site maintenance according to an embodiment and

[0010] Figure 6 is a flow chart depicting an algorithm for optimizing route taken by an operator during site maintenance according to an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] Figure 1 is a schematic of a high-level system architecture of a site maintenance measurement system 100 according to an embodiment. The site maintenance measurement system 100 can monitor and track locations of one or more maintenance devices 102, characterize a movement thereof to determine whether a site maintenance operation is being performed, and provide a visual display of one or more parameters indicative of a site maintenance operation mapped to the location of the maintenance device.

[0012] In some embodiments, the maintenance device can be one or more floor surface maintenance machines 110. Such floor surface maintenance machine 110 can be either operator-driven or operating autonomously. Alternatively, or in addition, the maintenance device can be tools 120 such as brooms, mops, dusting tools 120, buckets, dust pan, and the like that can be used by an operator to perform a site maintenance operation (e.g., cleaning, polishing, striping, etc.). The maintenance device can also be any such wheel-based equipment carrying tools.

[0013] In embodiments where the maintenance device is a surface maintenance machine 110, the site maintenance measurement system 100 may manage assets such as a fleet of surface maintenance machines 110. The surface maintenance machines 110 can be a ride-on machine 110 or walk-behind machines, or autonomous (driverless) vehicles 110 that perform maintenance tasks such as sweeping, carpet extraction, vacuuming, scrubbing, polishing (burnishing) etc., a surface at a maintenance site (such as indoor location 140). Any known surface maintenance operation can be performed, and the examples listed here should not be construed as limiting.

[0014] While not illustrated in detail, embodiments of the surface maintenance machine 110 include components that are supported on a mobile body supported on wheels for travel over a surface, on which a surface maintenance operation is to be performed. The mobile body may include operator controls (not shown) and a steering control such as a steering wheel. Additionally, the machine 110 includes an operator cabin for seating an operator (e.g., in a seat) who may grasp and steer the steering wheel to steer the machine 110, or engage one or more operator controls to control the machine 110 to perform one or more cleaning operations. The surface maintenance machine 110 can be powered by an on-board power source such as one or more batteries. The interior of the surface maintenance machine 110 can include electrical connections (not shown) for transmission and control of various components.

[0015] While not shown in detail in the drawings, the surface maintenance machine 110 includes a maintenance head assembly. The maintenance head assembly houses one or more maintenance tools 120 such as scrub brushes, sweeping brushes, and polishing, stripping or burnishing pads. For example, the maintenance head is a cleaning head comprising one or more cleaning tools 120 (e.g., sweeping or scrubbing brushes). Alternatively, the maintenance head is a treatment head comprising one or more treatment tools 120 (e.g., polishing, stripping or buffing pads). Many different types of surface maintenance tools 120 are used to perform one or more maintenance operations on the floor surface. These include sweeping, scrubbing brushes, polishing/burnishing and/or buffing pads. Additionally, one or more side brushes for performing sweeping, scrubbing or other operations can be provided. Such machines are described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 8,584, 294 assigned to Tennant Company of Minneapolis, MN, the disclosure of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0016] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be suitable for indoor or outdoor locations. Although the following description is with respect to the use of maintenance devices 102 on indoor locations such as interior of buildings (e.g., hospitals, stores, offices, enclosed parking garages, basements and the like), it should be understood that the systems and methods disclosed herein could be applied to site maintenance operations outdoors (e.g., roads, outdoor parking lots, sidewalks, and the like). Additionally, or alternatively, the site maintenance operations described herein could be applied to other types of surfaces such as desks, work surfaces, countertops, windows, walls, and the like.

[0017] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, various components of the site maintenance

measurement system 100 are illustrated. The site maintenance measurement system 100 can be in operative communication with an offsite computer 130. The offsite computer 130 can be located either within or outside of the indoor location 140 where a site maintenance operation is to be performed. Alternatively, the offsite computer 130 can be a cloud computer. The offsite computer 130 can include a processor, a memory, and a storage. The processor can receive and store measured localization and motion parameters as will be described further below. The processor can perform one or more operations based on stored instructions in the storage. The stored instructions can be in the form of a software having executable instructions and/or algorithms.

[0018] The storage can store localization and motion parameters. The storage can also store an indoor map 304 of the indoor location 140. In such cases, software installed on the offsite computer 130 can perform report generation (as will be described below). The reports can be visual reports of one or more location-dependent performance indicators (e.g., performance and efficiency metrics described herein) mapped (e.g., heat map) on to the indoor map 304 of the indoor location 140 to help visualize performance and efficiency of the machine 110.

[0019] The offsite computer 130 can be in operative communication with the maintenance devices 102. The operative communication with the maintenance device 102 may be established when the maintenance device 102 is in operation (e.g., when receiving power, after being switched on, upon stand-by, when performing a maintenance operation, etc.). The offsite computer 130 can thus include communication circuits (e.g., Ethernet, WiFi,

Bluetooth, 3G or 4G wireless networks and the like) to permit wired or wireless

communication with the maintenance device. It would also be possible to use another computer (e.g., desktop or mobile computers) to connect to the offsite computer 130 to view or transmit data related to site maintenance. The operative communication between various devices, namely, the offsite computer 130, desktop or mobile computers, maintenance devices and the like can be established periodically (e.g., on an“as-needed” basis).

Alternatively, the communication between various devices described herein can be established at any time. [0020] Appreciably, different scenarios of viewing and transmitting data relevant to site maintenance operation can be envisioned. A supervisor could monitor the site maintenance data (or any statistics derived therefrom) for a maintenance crew comprising individual operators operating maintenance devices 102 after a maintenance operation has been completed. In addition, the maintenance devices 102 and/or operators operating them could be overlaid in real-time on an indoor map 304 of the indoor location 140 to simultaneously visualize the utilization and performance of the maintenance device and/or maintenance crew.

[0021] Advantageously, the site maintenance measurement system 100 can sense the location, monitor its performance and control the operation of the maintenance devices 102 (e.g., autonomously or by sending instructions to an operator) to adjust their performance based on monitored performance.

[0022] With continued reference to Figs. 1 and 2, the offsite computer 130 can be in operative communication with a localization system. The localization system may include a suite of sensors 142, 144, 146. For instance, the sensors 142, 144, 146 may be coupled to the offsite computer 130 by a wired or wireless connection. The sensors 142, 144, 146 may be on-board on the maintenance device and thus may be in operative communication with the sensors 142, 144, 146. Alternatively, the sensors 142, 144, 146 may be provided on a mobile computer 150 located in proximity to the maintenance device. In such cases, operative connection may be established between the mobile computer 150 and the offsite computer 130, in turn operatively connecting sensors 142, 144, 146 with the offsite computer 130. Alternatively or in addition, the sensors 142, 144, 146 may not be physically located on the maintenance device, but may instead be provided on a separate device (e.g., on a mobile computer 150 or a cleaning tool, such as a vacuum, mop, broom, and the like), and may be in operative engagement with the maintenance device. Embodiments wherein the sensors are provided on a separate device may optimize resolution and power consumption than in conventional cellular devices, wherein the resolution of localization systems may often be compromised in order to reduce power consumption by the cellular device.

[0023] As described previously, the operative communication between the offsite computer 130 and the sensors 142, 144, 146 can be established periodically (e.g., on an“as-needed” basis). Alternatively, the communication between the offsite computer 130 and the sensors 142, 144, 146 can be established at any time.

[0024] In certain embodiments, systems and methods disclosed herein are used at indoor locations. Accordingly, it may not be feasible to rely on Global Positioning Systems (GPS) to provide location data. Accordingly, in such embodiments, the sensorsl42, 144, 146 may be at least one of wireless communication sensors 142, 144, 146 such as WiFi transducers, Bluetooth Beacons, sensors such as gyroscope, accelerometer, compass, magnetometer, and other similar devices to provide inertial measurements, barometers, sensors for altitude and/or height measurement and the like. In addition, more than one of a particular type of a sensor may be provided. For example, the sensors can use two or three accelerometers and/or magnetometers, for instance, to measure motion along multiple directions (e.g., along two or three axes). In alternative or additional examples, the sensors may be two Wi-Fi beacons to facilitate triangulation of the mobile computer 150 in the indoor location. Additional or Wi-Fi beacons may improve resolution of localization. Alternatively, a single Wi-Fi beacon may also be used to locate the mobile computer 150 at the indoor location based on proximity of the mobile computer 150 to the Wi-Fi beacon. In further additional or alternative

embodiments, the sensors may be two Bluetooth, or other types of beacons. Alternatively, the localization system may include a vision system comprising one or more cameras to provide absolute position of the mobile computer 150 in the indoor location. Appreciably, additional or fewer of a particular type of sensor can be included.

[0025] In advantageous aspects of the present disclosure, the sensors 142, 144, 146 may be provided on a mobile computer 150 (e.g., a mobile phone 152) in proximity of the maintenance device. Alternatively, or in addition, the sensors 142, 144, 146 (provided on a mobile computer 150) can be carried on-board by the maintenance device (e.g., surface maintenance machines 110 or vehicles 110, or tools 120). In embodiments where the site maintenance is done by a maintenance crew, the mobile computer 150 can be in possession of the maintenance crew.

[0026] The mobile computer 150 can include a processor, storage, communication circuitry and be configured to receive inputs (e.g., from operator, sensors 142, 144, 146), and provide outputs (e.g., to the operator). In advantageous embodiments, the mobile computer 150 can thus collect, pre-process, and store data from the sensors 142, 144, 146. As was the case with the offsite computer 130, the mobile computer 150 can also include a processor, memory and storage. The mobile computer 150 can also receive and store measured localization and motion parameters as will be described further below. The processor of the mobile computer 150 can perform one or more operations based on stored instructions in the storage. The stored instructions can be in the form of a software having executable instructions and/or algorithms.

[0027] In certain advantageous aspects, the mobile computer 150 may be a wearable computer 154 worn by the maintenance crew. As seen in Fig. 1, the wearable computer 154 can be in the shape of an identification badge and may be carried in person by the maintenance crew. The wearable computer 154 can include the suite of sensors 142, 144, 146 and may additionally include a processor and/or on-board storage 156, battery 158, and electrical circuits 160 for data transfer and/or charging thereof. Other Examples of such systems include a pedometry based inertial measurement system such as Activlink Insole system developed by ASTER Labs Inc., St. Paul, MN, motionDNA® inertial system developed by Navisens, Inc., San Francisco, CA, and the like.

[0028] Advantageously, such sensors 142, 144, 146 can detect position and movement of the maintenance devices 102 and/or operators at indoor locations where GPS signals may not reach (e.g., basements, parking ramps, etc.). Optionally, such sensors 142, 144, 146 may help track the maintenance devices 102 to an accuracy of about between about one centimeter and about five meters. Accordingly, systems and methods disclosed herein can provide“room- level” location data for indoor locations, permitting the offsite computer 130 to display site maintenance for one or more areas defined by a closed perimeter (e.g., rooms in the indoor location 140).

[0029] In exemplary embodiments, the maintenance device may be located on the indoor map according one or more localization methods. For instance, sensors 142, 144, 146 and wireless communication networks can wirelessly connect to the mobile computer 150 to provide localization and/or tracking (as will be described further below). Alternatively, or in addition, localization and tracking may be performed using one or more of cellular trilateration, magnetic signature of the building, and/or dead reckoning. Further, in embodiments wherein the localization system includes a vision system with one or more cameras, the vision system may use images of the indoor location with the mobile computer for localization. In such cases, the system may optionally image specific areas of the indoor location (walls, floors, ceiling, etc.) for improving the accuracy of localization.

[0030] Optionally, a combination of several localization schemes and/or methods may be used to improve resolution than conventional devices that may rely on a single localization scheme.

[0031] In certain embodiments, operative communication 162, 164 between the mobile computer 150, maintenance devices 102 (and/or operators) can allow tracking the maintenance device within the indoor location 140. According to an exemplary embodiment, the sensors 142, 144, 146 can be provided on a mobile computer 150 worn or carried by an operator. According to this embodiment, the maintenance device can be in operative communication with the mobile computer 150 having the sensors 142, 144, 146. For example, as seen in Fig. 2, the maintenance device can include electronic circuits 166 that can electronically (e.g., by a wired or wireless connection) connect to the mobile computer 150. The electronic circuits 166 can be a chip or a tag such as radiofrequency identification tag which can store data specific to the maintenance device thereon.

[0032] When the maintenance device is operatively connected to the mobile computer 150, the maintenance device is said to be“latched” to the mobile computer 150. The mobile computer 150 and the maintenance device may automatic latch when brought into proximity with each other. The mobile computer 150 and the maintenance device may automatically unlatch when the mobile computer 150 and the maintenance device move away from each other. Alternatively, the mobile computer 150 may latch with the maintenance device when certain conditions are met. An example condition can involve operator intervention, such as activating an activation circuitry 168 (e.g., pressing a button on the maintenance device) and/or providing inputs to software installed on the mobile computer 150 to enable sensors 142 on the mobile computer 150 to electronically connect with the electronic circuits 166 of the maintenance device.

[0033] According to some embodiments, when the mobile computer 150 and the maintenance device are latched, the maintenance device may be tracked based on location data detected using the sensors 142,144, 146 latched to the mobile computer 150. The tracking may be performed either by the mobile computer 150, or by the offsite computer 130. Alternatively, if the sensors 142, 144,146 may be provided on the mobile computer 150 or on a wearable computer 154, in which case, the tracking and localization can be performed using the processors of the mobile computer 150 or the wearable computer 154.

[0034] Fig. 3A illustrates a first map inlay 300 generated by the offsite computer 130 to illustrate the detected location 302 of the site maintenance device (or operator whose mobile computer 150 is latched thereto) in the indoor map 304. Appreciably, the indoor map 304 can be similar to a floor plan and include features such as rooms, doors, hallways, stairs, windows, furniture, stalls, and the like. The indoor map 304 may resemble a building plan in some embodiments.

[0035] Referencing Figs. 2 and 3A, the electronic circuits 166 of the maintenance device may have identifying information of the maintenance device stored thereon. When the maintenance device is latched to the mobile computer 150, the identifying information of the maintenance device can be read by the mobile computer 150 and transmitted to the offsite computer 130 to permit the offsite computer 130 to recognize the maintenance device on the indoor map 304. [0036] Fig. 3B illustrates a second map inlay 310 generated by the offsite computer 130 to illustrate a path 312 traveled by the site maintenance device (or operator whose mobile computer 150 is latched thereto) in the indoor map 304.

[0037] In some embodiments best seen in Figs. 3C-3F, one of the offsite computer 130 and/or the mobile computer 150 can determine which one of the plurality of maintenance devices 102 has been latched to which one of the plurality of mobile computers. For instance, if a first operator (labeled“John” in Figs. 3C-3D) carries a first mobile computer 150 and latches the first mobile computer 150 to a first maintenance device (e.g., dusting tool, shown in Fig. 3C), the offsite computer 130 can track the first maintenance device (via its latched connection to the first mobile computer 150) through the indoor location 140. If the first operator (labeled“John” in Figs. 3C-3D) latches the first mobile computer 150 to a second maintenance device (e.g., vacuum, shown in orange in Fig. 3D), the offsite computer 130 can track the second maintenance device (via its latched connection to the first mobile computer 150) through the indoor location 140. A second operator (labeled“Sally” in Figs. 3E-3F) carries a second mobile computer 150 and latches the second mobile computer 150 to the first maintenance device (e.g., dust mop, shown in Fig. 3F). The offsite computer 130 can then track the first maintenance device (via its latched connection to the second mobile computer 150) as used by the second operator through the indoor location 140. Thus, some

embodiments permit tracking individual maintenance devices 102 through the indoor location 140.

[0038] Embodiments such as those illustrated in Figs. 3A-3F may also help optimize resources. For instance, referencing Fig. 3C, which displays a heat map of an operator’s location over a period, and Fig. 3D which displays a heat map of an operator’s location with a tool may be analyzed (e.g., using the offsite computer 130) in determining whether the operator (e.g., operator labelled“John” in Figs. 3C and 3D) was operating in an optimal manner, as will be described further below with respect to Fig. 6.

[0039] As described previously, data measured by the sensors 142, 144, 146 can be transmitted (e.g., using a network connection, wired or wireless connections and the like) to the offsite computer 130. In such cases, as is appreciable, the offsite computer 130 and/or mobile computer 150 may have network or wireless connection circuits to facilitate communication between the maintenance device, mobile computer 150 and/or the offsite computer 130 using one or more communication protocols. The transmitted data can include identification of the maintenance device (e.g., device name, device ID number, model number, serial number and the like) and one or more motion parameters and/or one or more localization parameters. The motion parameters can include current location, previous known location, speed, direction of travel, number of times movement was repeated between two known locations, and the like. The localization parameters can include one or more of the following: longitude, latitude, altitude, barometric pressure.

[0040] The localization and motion parameters may be transmitted in real-time (e.g., during use of the machines) the offsite computer 130 may evaluate location-dependent parameters such as maintenance performance and efficiency of one or more operators and/or one or more maintenance devices 102 in real-time. In such cases, performance feedback and/or instructions can be sent to maintenance crew in real-time. Alternatively, performance feedback and/or instructions can be sent to or directly to the maintenance device in embodiments where the maintenance device is an autonomous vehicle. Alternatively, the data may be sent periodically (e.g., after a maintenance operation is completed, daily, weekly, or in batches intermittently.)

[0041] Upon receipt of data from the sensors 142, 144, 146 the offsite computer 130 can characterize a movement of the maintenance device based on the one or more motion parameters. The offsite computer 130 can determine whether a site maintenance operation is being performed based on the motion parameters. For example, in certain embodiments, the offsite computer 130 can determine, based on the motion parameters, whether the maintenance device is stationary (e.g., speed is zero). Additionally, the offsite computer 130 can determine, based on motion parameters, whether the maintenance device is traveling in the indoor location 140 without performing the site maintenance operation. In some such embodiments, the maintenance device may have a first value of a first motion parameter when traveling, and a second value of the first motion parameter when performing the site maintenance operation.

[0042] In an example, the motion parameter can be speed and the offsite computer 130 can determine whether a maintenance operation is performed based on speed of travel of the maintenance device and/or the operator. For example, if maintenance device is a dust mop and the operator picks up the dust mop and performs sweeping, the speed of travel of the dust mop and/or the operator would be less than if the operator simply transports the dust mop without sweeping the location. Alternatively, if the maintenance device is a scrubbing vehicle, it may travel at a first speed when scrubbing and at a second speed greater than the first speed when traveling through the location without scrubbing. In such examples, the offsite computer 130 can compare the speed of the maintenance device (and/or the operator) to known values of the speed when various operations are being performed to determine whether a site maintenance operation is being performed.

[0043] In another example, the motion parameter can be a characteristic pattern of movement (e.g., speed, direction and repetitions). For example, if the maintenance device is a wet mop, a characteristic pattern of movement of the dust mop (and/or the operator) would be a repeated, serpentine motion. Accordingly, the offsite computer 130 can determine whether the speed, direction of travel and number of times movement is repeated to determine whether the maintenance device and/or operator is traveling in a serpentine movement within a portion of the indoor location 140 (e.g., a room or hallway). In this example, the serpentine movement can be indicative of a site maintenance operation (wet mopping). The offsite computer 130 can thus infer based on the characteristic pattern of movement whether a site maintenance operation is being performed.

[0044] The offsite computer 130 or the mobile computer 150 can track the characterized movement of the maintenance device on the indoor map 304 over time. The offsite computer 130 and/or the mobile computer 150 can include a processor programmed according to the algorithms disclosed herein to be in communication with the sensors 142, 144, 146 receive location data and identification information of the maintenance device, and track the location of the maintenance device and/or the operator whose mobile computer 150 is latched to the maintenance device through the indoor location 140. The offsite computer 130 can display (e.g., on one or more monitors or displays in operative communication with the offsite computer 130) the tracked characterized movement of the maintenance device on a motion map.

[0045] Referring back to Fig. 3B, in certain embodiments, the motion map can be a plan- view of the indoor location 140 showing various features of the indoor location 140 (e.g., rooms, hallways, stairs, etc.) The mobile computer 150 and/or the offsite computer 130 can, based on the characterized movements of the maintenance device, display the path 312 taken by the maintenance device overlaid on the plan view of the indoor location 140 to generate a motion map.

[0046] Referencing Fig. 3C, in other embodiments, the motion map can be a heat map. In such cases, one or more motion parameters can be displayed as a“heat map.” For example, if the motion parameter of interest is amount of time spent in particular portion of the indoor location 140, the heat map may be displayed as a contour map as illustrated in Fig. 3C.

Alternatively, a palettized representation of colors can be overlaid to the indoor map 304 to generate a heat map of amount of time spent in the indoor location 140. Fig. 3C illustrates one such heat map which show, by contoured lines the amount of time spent at various portions of the indoor location 140. In Fig. 3C, the amount of time spent at a particular location without a tool is illustrated by the legend,“John’s location with no tool for a period.” In Fig. 3C, greater density of dots indicate more time spent at a particular location.

[0047] . Fig. 3D may be representative of an operator’s route using various tools (e.g., a dust mop and a vacuum) and may be obtained based on data from the sensors 142, 144, 146 after the tool has been latched to the operator. By comparing Figs. 3C and 3D over the same time interval, the offsite computer 130 may be able to determine whether the operator’s movement was optimal or wasteful, as will be further described. Figs. 3E and 3F may be representative of the location of the tool over an interval, while Fig. 3F illustrates the location of a tool as being used by different operators (as indicated by two different patterns being used to reference two different operators). While the preceding description uses“operators” the operator may refer to a human operator or an autonomous surface maintenance vehicle.

[0048] In certain embodiments, the offsite computer 130 can evaluate the performance of the maintenance crew and/or maintenance devices 102 (such as autonomous vehicles 110) based on one or more maintenance parameters. In such embodiments, the offsite computer 130 can advantageously use motion parameters to determine several outcomes. For instance, the offsite computer 130 can use the motion parameters to determine one or more of the following: whether the operator has arrived at the maintenance site, whether the operator was on time, whether maintenance operation has commenced, and the like. Further, the offsite computer 130 can, based on start and end times of site maintenance, determine how long a site maintenance operation was performed at various portions of the indoor location 140 based on motion parameters and/or location data. In some cases, the offsite computer 130 can rely on the following data to determine one or more maintenance parameters: identifiers corresponding to one or more of the maintenance devices 102, path 312 traveled by one or more maintenance devices 102, speed and direction of travel, and hours of operation of the maintenance devices 102.

[0049] In certain aspects, the mobile computer 150 and/or the offsite computer 130 can determine, based on one or more motion parameters, whether the site maintenance operation is being performed according to a predetermined sequence. For instance, certain maintenance operations can involve multiple tasks to be performed according to a sequence. One such maintenance operation can be floor striping. In such examples, a first task can involve laying caustic material on the floor surface. The second“task” may involve a wait period to allow the caustic material to set. A third task can involve coating the floor surface with a thermoplastic coating, and a fourth task can involve another wait period to allow the thermoplastic material to set. In such examples, the mobile computer 150 and/or the offsite computer 130 can, based on the motion parameters, determine whether the site maintenance operation is performed according to the sequence of tasks.

[0050] The offsite computer 130 can calculate one or more maintenance parameters based on the above motion parameters and location data. In some exemplary embodiments, the maintenance parameters can be one or more of: area in square feet maintained by each operator, area in square feet maintained per maintenance device, area in square feet maintained per hour of maintenance device for each maintenance device and/or each operator, total area maintained in the building and the like. Such performance and efficiency metrics may allow a supervisor of a maintenance crew to determine maintenance efficiency. Such performance and efficiency metrics may permit removing areas that correspond to overlap in maintenance by one or more operators and/or maintenance devices to determine effective utilization of such assets.

[0051] The offsite computer 130 can, according to some embodiments, compare one or more maintenance parameters to predetermined benchmark parameters to determine whether the site maintenance operation has been completed and if so, whether the operation was satisfactory. For instance, the predetermine benchmark parameters can be area in square foot to be maintained, amount of time to be spent per maintenance task, and the like.

[0052] In addition to the metrics listed above for individual operators and maintenance devices 102, data can be combined from all maintenance devices 102 and operators used in the indoor location 140 to determine the overall maintenance status (e.g., clean, partially clean, dirty, missed area) etc. of the indoor location 140. For example, the percent of floor area cleaned for a previous period of time, or the total hours spent at the location can be calculated.

[0053] In some such embodiments, the offsite computer 130 can track and monitor the maintenance device and/or operator in real-time as the maintenance is being performed. Accordingly, if the offsite computer 130 determines that the one or more maintenance parameters is less than the predetermined benchmark parameters, the offsite computer 130 can communicate with the maintenance device (via the mobile computer 150) to initiate a subsequent site maintenance operation. In such cases, the offsite computer 130 can generate an alert to indicate one or more of the following: operator did not arrive, operator arrived to the maintenance site but was late, maintenance operation did not start at the scheduled time or was performed for the scheduled duration, maintenance benchmark parameters were not met, the site maintenance operation was unsatisfactory (e.g., incomplete or rushed operations), a list of areas (rooms) that were supposed to be maintained but were not maintained, a list of areas (e.g., rooms) that were supposed to be maintained by a certain time but that were maintained at later time than specified.

[0054] Additionally, or alternatively, the offsite computer 130 can generate an alerts to provide positive feedback (e.g., to the maintenance crew or to a supervisor) when the site maintenance operation is satisfactory. For instance, the alerts can include information regarding one or more of the following: operator arrived to the maintenance location, operator arrived on time, maintenance operation commenced on time, maintenance benchmark parameters were met, list of areas that were maintained, list of areas where maintenance operator was done on time.

[0055] According to advantageous aspects, the offsite computer 130 can, upon determination that the one or more maintenance parameters is less than the predetermined benchmark parameters, send instructions to the maintenance device (and/or operator) to perform a subsequent site maintenance operation. The instructions can be a set of tasks that are to be performed, or can be a map of the indoor location 140 with areas to be maintained visually highlighted relative to other areas in the map.

[0056] According to certain embodiments, the offsite computer 130 can display one or more maintenance parameters of site maintenance to facilitate evaluation of the performance of the one or more maintenance devices 102 and/or operators. In an embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 3G, the offsite computer 130 can overlay a status of the maintenance site on the indoor map 304. In Fig. 3G, areas that are clean can be indicated in in a first pattern (e.g., as seen by the clear pattern used for aisles numbered 1-6, 8, 9, and 11), while areas that are dirty can be indicated in a second pattern (e.g., dots with reference to aisle number 10). Further, areas that have been missed (not cleaned) are shown in a third pattern (e.g. dotted as shown with reference to aisle 7 between aisles 6 and 8) while areas that have been cleaned more than once can be displayed as a fourth pattern. Appreciably, colors may be used instead of or in addition to patterns to illustrate clean, missed, and dirty areas.

[0057] In addition to the map of Fig. 3G, the offsite computer 130 can display one or more maintenance parameters in a tabulated form as shown in Fig. 3H. The offsite computer 130 can determine, based on motion and location data, start and end times of a maintenance task. Advantageously, this may permit a supervisor to know whether an operator was on site at the indoor location 140, and if so, whether the operator arrived on time, and whether the maintenance task was performed according to predetermined route and/or sequence of tasks. Fig. 31 illustrate exception reporting, whereby only those maintenance parameters that were unsatisfactory (e.g., dirty areas, areas missed, operator did not arrive, and the like) are tabulated and/or shown graphically or as a map overlay. Further, as shown in Figs. 3J-3L, the offsite computer 130 can generate graphical data that shows the maintenance parameters relative to their benchmarks. Fig. 3J illustrates productivity measured as area (in square meters) cleaned by a cleaning crew per hour. Fig. 3K illustrates labor cost, measured by cost (in dollars) per area (square meter). In Fig. 3L, crew efficiency, as measured by area (in square meters) per cleaner. In each of Figs. 3J-3L, the benchmarks are illustrated by a solid line (e.g., 500 m ² /h in Fig. 3J, 200 m ² /cleaner in Fig. 3L, etc.)

[0058] Fig. 4 illustrates a method 400 of detecting a site maintenance operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. At step 410, a maintenance device and a mobile computer 150 latch. As described previously, this step may happen automatically when the maintenance device and the mobile computer 150 are brought into proximity. Alternatively, this step may occur upon triggering an activation circuitry 168 (e.g., pressing a button on the maintenance device and/or using a mobile computer 150 app). At step 412, the mobile computer 150 establishes a network (wired or wireless) connection with the offsite computer 130, at which point the mobile computer 150 transmits identification data stored in electronic circuits 166 of the maintenance device to the offsite computer 130. In some instances, the data transfer may occur only when a network (wired or wireless) connection between the offsite computer 130 and the mobile computer 150 is established. In such cases, until the network (wired or wireless) connection between the offsite computer 130 and the mobile computer 150 is established, the data stored in electronic circuits 166 may be held in the storage of the mobile computer 150. Data transfer between various devices (e.g., mobile computer 150, sensors 142, 144, 146, offsite computer 130, site maintenance devices) may occur in batches and may occur synchronously or asynchronously.

[0059] The offsite computer 130 can read identifying data stored in the electronic circuit (e.g., RFID chip) of the maintenance device. At this step, in embodiments where the site maintenance operation is performed non-autonomously (e.g., by a maintenance crew) the offsite computer 130 determines that the operator is on site and has picked up the maintenance device. The mobile computer 150 can record the time at which the maintenance device has been picked up.

[0060] At this point, sensors 142, 144, 146 may begin measuring localization and/or motion parameters. The mobile computer 150 may receive the collected data from the sensors 142, 144, 146, The mobile computer 150 may transmit such data to the offsite computer 130. At step 414, the offsite computer 130 can thus detect one or more motion parameters of the maintenance device. The motion parameters may include speed, direction of travel, number of repetitions and the like. The offsite computer 130 may, at step 416, characterize a movement of the maintenance device based on the one or more motion parameters. At this step, the offsite computer 130 determines whether the maintenance device is doing one or more of the following: being stationary, traveling in the indoor location 140 without performing the site maintenance operation (e.g., based on speed), traveling in a serpentine movement (e.g., based on speed, location, number of repetitions) in a portion of the indoor location 140, indicative of a first site maintenance operation (e.g., mopping), performing a second site maintenance operation over an area less than an area of the portion of the indoor location 140 (e.g., cleaning up localized spills, etc.).

[0061] At step 418, the offsite computer 130 tracks the characterized movement of the maintenance device on the indoor map 304 over time and at optional step 420, displays a motion map (e.g., as illustrated in Figs. 3A-3F) where the characterized movement correlated to (e.g., overlaid on) on the indoor map 304.

[0062] Fig. 5 illustrates a method of detecting whether a site maintenance operation has been completed according to another embodiment. At step 510, a maintenance device and a mobile computer 150 latch. As described previously, this step may happen automatically when the maintenance device and the mobile computer 150 are brought into proximity. Alternatively, this step may occur upon triggering an activation circuitry 168 (e.g., pressing a button on the maintenance device and/or using a mobile computer 150 app). At step 512, the mobile computer 150 transmits identification data stored in electronic circuits 166 of the

maintenance device. For instance, the offsite computer 130 can read identifying data stored in the electronic circuit (e.g., RFID chip) of the maintenance device. At this step, in

embodiments where the site maintenance operation is performed non-autonomously (e.g., by a maintenance crew) the offsite computer 130 determines that the operator is on site and has picked up the maintenance device. The offsite computer 130 can record the time at which the maintenance device has been picked up.

[0063] At this point, sensors 142, 144, 146 may begin measuring location data and/or motion parameters and may transmit such data to the offsite computer 130. At step 514, the offsite computer 130 can thus detect one or more motion parameters of the maintenance device. The motion parameters may include speed, direction of travel, number of repetitions and the like. The offsite computer 130 may, at step 516, characterize a movement of the maintenance device based on the one or more motion parameters. At step 518, the offsite computer 130 may determine whether the site maintenance operation has commenced at the indoor location 140 (e.g., mopping has commenced, vehicle is scrubbing, spills have been cleaned, etc.). At step 520, the offsite computer 130 can measure one or more maintenance parameters of the site maintenance operation. The maintenance parameters can be area (in square foot) that has been maintained, areas that have been missed, start and end times of maintenance operations, sequence followed, route followed, and the like.

[0064] At step 522 the offsite computer 130 compare the one or more maintenance parameters to predetermined benchmark parameters (e.g., target area, hours of maintenance, etc.) to determine whether the site maintenance operation has been completed. At optional step 524, the offsite computer 130 displays (e.g., map overlays, tabulated data, exception data, etc.) the one or more maintenance parameters and/or the predetermined benchmark parameters. At optional step 526, if the one or more maintenance parameters are less than the predetermined benchmark parameters, the offsite computer 130 communicates at step 528 with the site maintenance device to initiate a subsequent site maintenance operation. At optional step 530, if the one or more maintenance parameters are less than the predetermined benchmark parameters, the offsite computer 130 generates an alert to indicate that the site maintenance operation is unsatisfactory. It should be understood that the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein are not exhaustive. Appreciably, additional analytics and functionalities may be developed based on the data collected by sensors 142, 144, 146.

[0065] As described previously with reference to Figs. 3C-3M, embodiments disclosed herein may be used for optimizing maintenance operations. In such cases, the offsite computer 130 may determine area(s) where the operator was moving without using a tool, and optionally recommend a corrective action. Figure 6 illustrates one such illustrative method 600. As seen from Fig. 6, the offsite computer 130 may determine, at step 602, based on the heat map of an operator’s location and another heat map of an operator’s location with a tool, whether the operator traveled through the indoor location without a tool. For instance, based on Fig. 3M, the offsite computer 130 may determine that over the same time interval, the operator time at location 350 but did not use a tool. At step 604, the offsite computer 130 may determine that the operator’s time at location 350 was“idle time” because the operator did not spend time at location 350 with a tool but did move at location 350.

[0066] In further optional embodiments, and with reference to Figs. 3M and 6, the offsite computer 130 may, at optional step 606, characterize motion without a tool as a“waste walk” (e.g., at location 350) and, at step 608, display a map of such waste walk. The offsite computer 130 may determine waste walk for each operator and/or for each maintenance operation. Such embodiments may be useful in optimizing resources. For instance, based on a map of waste walk, the offsite computer 130 and/or a maintenance supervisor may recommend to the operator that the operator would need to adjust their movement at specific locations to reduce waste walk. At optional step 610, the offsite computer 130 may also detect inactivity at location 352, for instance, based on the operator not being detected by the localization system. The offsite computer 130 may, optionally, display locations and/or durations when the inactivity occurred.

[0067] In further optional embodiments, and with reference to Figs. 3M and 6, at step 612 the offsite computer 130 may, based on motion and/or location parameters, determine regular routes for performing a maintenance operation. Regular routes may be determined, for example, by monitoring routes taken by one or more operators over periodic (e.g., daily, weekly, etc.) intervals to determine a typical (e.g., on-average) route taken by the operator. The offsite computer 130 may advantageously determine regular routes for each operator, and may display on a map, regular routes for one or more operators. At optional step 614, the offsite computer 130 may, based on motion and/or location parameters determine deviations from the regular route. Deviation from regular routes may be determined, for example, by monitoring routes taken by one or more operators over periodic (e.g., daily, weekly, etc.) intervals and comparing the operator’s routes to the regular route taken by the operator, as determined at step 614. The offsite computer 130 may advantageously determine deviations from the regular route for each operator, and may display on a map, deviations from the regular routes for one or more operators.

[0068] With continued reference to Figs. 3M and 6, at step 616, the offsite computer 130 may determine that the maintenance performed at location 354 was not optimal. The offsite computer 130 may determine that the maintenance performed at location 354 was not optimal based on the time spent by the operator with a tool at location 354. For instance, the offsite computer 130 may compare the dwell time of the operator in location 354 and compare whether the dwell time matched a target time for maintenance at location 354. If the dwell time at location 354 is less than the target time for maintenance at location 354, the offsite computer 130 may determine that the maintenance at location 354 was not optimal. The offsite computer 130 may advantageously display location 354 on a map. The offsite computer 130 may optionally identify the type of non-optimal maintenance that the offsite computer 130 detected, and/or provide a recommended action. For instance, the offsite computer 130 may determine that the operator moved with a tool too fast at location 354 and may recommend the amount of time to be spent at location 354. [0069] With continued reference to Figs. 3M and 6, at step 618, the offsite computer 130 may determine whether the operator was repeatedly in the same location e.g., location 356 in Fig. 3M with or without a tool. The offsite computer 130 may determine based on the tracked path of the operator in the indoor location, whether the operator was present in the same zone more than once. The offsite computer 130 may, advantageously display the repeated presence on the map.

[0070] Embodiments such as those described herein may allow evaluation and management of assets such as floor surface maintenance vehicles 110. The embodiments described herein can be provided on existing machines or vehicles 110 thereby lowering cost. Such embodiments facilitate monitoring operator productivity and improving utilization or efficiency of assets.

[0071] The details of one or more examples are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.