FOR PROMOTING HEALTH OF PATIENTS

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/354,800 filed June 26, 2016, entitled SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING INFORMATION RELATED TO HEALTHCARE RELATED PROVIDERS, SERVICES, RESOURCES, AND FACILITIES, the disclosure of which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein in its respective entirety.

BACKGROUND

Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates systems and methods for health promotion.

Description of the Related Art

[0003] When a person is faced with a health issue, he/she typically needs to find and visit multiple service providers to address the health issue and attempt to restore his/her health. In many situations, even finding some of such service providers can be quite frustrating, especially in view of other concerns associated with the health issue.

[0004] Significant resource and time can also be expended by a service provider in an attempt to facilitate the foregoing patient. In many situations, some or all of such time and resource may not be necessarily, but are expended regardless, because of lack of information specifically pertinent to that patient.

SUMMARY

[0005] In some implementations, the present disclosure relates to a system for promoting health of patients. The system includes an electronic record component including a health record of a patient, and a list of health- promoting resources. The system further includes an integration component in communication with the electronic record component, and configured to generate an individualized assembly of health-promoting resources based on the health record of the patient. The system further includes a wellness map configured to be presented on an electronic device, and including locations of the individualized assembly of health-promoting resources.

[0006] In some embodiments, the integration component can be configured to access a geoportal component to be capable of obtaining geographic information for some or all of the health-promoting resources. In some embodiments, the system can further include the geoportal component to provide the geographic information to the integration component. In some embodiments, the geoportal component can be external to the system and be capable of communicating with the integration component to provide the geographic information to the integration component. In some embodiments, the geoportal component can include a geographic information system (GIS) functionality including capability to determine the locations of the individualized assembly of health-promoting resources.

[0007] In some embodiments, the health record of the patient can include a code for a diagnosis of a health condition of the patient. The code can be a standardized code based on, for example, a standard associated with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD).

[0008] In some embodiments, the list of health-promoting resources can include identification of services, facilities and providers associated with the individualized assembly of health-promoting resources. The identification of the individualized assembly of health-promoting resources can be obtained from one or more data sources, such as a 21 1 community connect system, a database associated with the system, and a third party data provider. In some embodiments, the identification of the individualized assembly of health- promoting resources can include a taxonomy scheme compatible with the geoportal component.

[0009] In some embodiments, the integration component can be configured to generate the individualized assembly of health-promoting resources based on matching of the diagnosis code of the patient and the list of health- promoting resources. The wellness map can include a visual representation of an electronic map with visual indication of the locations of the individualized assembly of health-promoting resources. The visual representation of the electronic map can be configured to be include a geographical area including an address associated with the patient. The address associated with the patient can include a home address of the patient. The home address of the patient can be obtained automatically from the health record of the patient.

[0010] In some embodiments, the electronic map can be further configured such that the address associated with the patient is approximately at a center of the geographical area. In some embodiments, the visual representation of the electronic map can be further configured such that the locations of the individualized assembly of health-promoting resources are categorized into a plurality of categories. The plurality of categories can include, for example, a medical category of resources for treatment of the health condition of the patient, a health and wellness category of resources for promoting healthy lifestyle of the patient, and a social category of resources for promoting social well-being of the patient.

[0011] In some embodiments, the visual representation of the electronic map can be further configured to allow enabling or disabling display of at least some of the plurality of categories. In some embodiments, the visual representation of the electronic map can be further configured to allow obtaining of additional information about a selected location associated with the corresponding resource in the individualized assembly of health-promoting resources. The additional information can include one or more of an operating hours of the selected resource, specific type of service provided, insurance- related information, and transportation information.

[0012] In some embodiments, the visual representation of the electronic map can be further configured to allow customization by a user. Such a user includes either or both of the patient and a care provider for the patient.

[0013] According to some teachings, the present disclosure relates to a method for promoting health of patients. The method includes obtaining a health record of a patient, accessing a list of health-promoting resources, and integrating the health record of the patient and the list of health-promoting resources to generate an individualized assembly of health-promoting resources. The method further includes generating a wellness map configured to be presented on an electronic device, and including locations of the individualized assembly of health-promoting resources.

[0014] In a number of implementations, the present disclosure relates to an apparatus for promoting health of patients. The apparatus includes a memory configured to store data, and a processing device coupled to the memory. The processing device is configured to identify a patient, obtain a health record of the patient, identify one or more of health conditions of the patient based on the health record, and determine a location of the patient. The processing device is further configured to identify one or more health-promoting resources based on the location of the patient and the one or more health conditions. The processing device is further configured to provide customized data indicating one or more geographical locations associated with the one or more identified health-promoting resources.

[0015] In some embodiments, the customized data can be provided in a graphical user interface (GUI) having a wellness map with the one or more geographical locations.

[0016] In some implementations, the present disclosure relates to a method for promoting health of patients. The method includes identifying a patient, obtaining a health record of the patient, identifying one or more of health conditions of the patient based on the health record, and determining a location of the patient. The method further includes identifying one or more health- promoting resources based on the location of the patient and the one or more health conditions, and providing customized data indicating one or more geographical locations associated with the one or more identified health- promoting resources.

[0017] In some embodiments, the method can further include presenting the customized data in a graphical user interface (GUI) having a wellness map with the one or more geographical locations.

[0018] In some implementations, the present disclosure relates to a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations that include identifying a patient; obtaining a health record of the patient; identifying one or more of health conditions of the patient based on the health record; determining a location of the patient; identifying one or more health-promoting resources based on the location of the patient and the one or more health conditions; and providing customized data indicating one or more geographical locations associated with the one or more identified health-promoting resources.

[0019] For purposes of summarizing the disclosure, certain aspects, advantages and novel features of the inventions have been described herein. It is to be understood that not necessarily all such advantages may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment of the invention. Thus, the invention may be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other advantages as may be taught or suggested herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 shows a map of an example region.

[0021] Figure 2 shows a map of an example region with visual indicators of disease-related statistics present in the region.

[0022] Figure 3 shows an example of a system architecture having one or more features of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 4 shows an example process that can be implemented by the system architecture of Figure 3 to generate and utilize a wellness map.

[0024] Figure 5 shows an example graphical user interface (GUI) that can be implemented to present the wellness map.

[0025] Figure 6 shows an examples of user-customization features that can allow presentation of resources and related information in a more meaningful manner.

[0026] Figures 7A and 7B show that in some embodiments, a wellness map having one or more features of the present disclosure can be implemented on a mobile device.

[0027] Figure 8 shows an example process that can be implemented for providing information related to health-promoting resources.

[0028] Figure 9 shows another representation of the system architecture of Figure 3.

[0029] Figure 10 shows an example process that can be implemented to classify health-promoting resources. [0030] Figure 1 1 shows an example of a patient portal that can allow a patient to access a wellness map having one or more features of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 12 shows a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the example form of a computing device within which a set of instructions, for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, may be executed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME EMBODIMENTS

[0032] The headings provided herein, if any, are for convenience only and do not necessarily affect the scope or meaning of the claimed invention.

[0033] Patients in a healthcare system (e.g., a hospital system, a health maintenance organization (HMO), a hospital network, etc.) may find it useful to obtain information about resources (e.g., medical clinics, medical advisors), services (e.g., counseling services), facilities (e.g. , hospitals), vendors (e.g., stores, restaurants, etc.) etc., that may help maintain and/or improve the health of the patients. For example, following a diagnosis, a patient may request information about doctors that perform a type of surgery or may request information about clinics that provide nutritional counseling. Some patients may be given physical lists (e.g., hardcopy lists on paper) and/or different websites with lists of local healthcare resources and/or community resources. However, the information provided to patients is often a patchwork of information sources that may be difficult for patients to understand, manage, and/or consolidate. In addition, the information provided to the patients may be not tailored to the patients' health conditions and/or diseases.

[0034] Disclosed are non-limiting examples of systems and/or methods related to providing information about healthcare and/or community resources, healthcare and/or community services, healthcare and/or community facilities, etc., to patients. In some embodiments, the information (about the resources, services, facilities, etc.) may be individualized (e.g., specific, customized, etc.) for one or more patients. For example, information about local doctors may be provided to a patient based on a medical condition of the patient. In some embodiments, such systems and/or methods may be implemented in, for example, a healthcare application on a computing device (e.g., a server computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a smartphone, etc.), on a web portal or a service, etc.

[0035] Figure 1 illustrates an example map of an example geographical area around San Bernardino, California, and Riverside, California, in United States. It will be understood that such a map can include a smaller area (e.g., zoomed in from the example of Figure 1 ), or a larger area (e.g., zoomed out from the example of Figure 1 ). It will also be understood that similar maps can be provided for any other geographical areas, including, for example, communities, cities, counties (and equivalents), states (and equivalents such as provinces), regions, countries, and groups of countries.

[0036] A given geographical area may include a population of people with various demographics. For example, in Figure 1 , there may be 4.4 million people living in the geographical area. Among such a population, 1 1 % of the population may be 65 years or older. 20% of the population may have a Bachelor's degree or higher. 79% of the population may have a high school degree (e.g., a high school diploma or equivalent). 22% of the population may be foreign born. 18% of the population have may an income level at or below the poverty line. 1 % of the population may be homeless. San Bernardino may have a retail food environment index (RFEI) of 5.72 and Riverside may have a RFEI of 4.63.

[0037] Figure 2 illustrates an example map of an example geographical area in southern California, with visual representation of statistics related to various diseases and/or medical conditions of the population of the geographical area. Similar to the example of Figure 1 , it will be understood that such a map can include a smaller area (e.g., zoomed in from the example of Figure 2), or a larger area (e.g., zoomed out from the example of Figure 2). It will also be understood that similar maps can be provided for any other geographical areas, including, for example, communities, cities, counties (and equivalents), states (and equivalents such as provinces), regions, countries, and groups of countries.

[0038] In the example geographical area of Figure 2, the visual representation in the form of various dots can be based on example statistics such as approximately 579,000 of the population having arthritis, approximately 599,000 of the population having asthma, approximately 1 12,000 of the population having cancer, approximately 1 , 100,000 of the population having cardiovascular diseases/conditions, approximately 254,000 of the population having diabetes, and approximately 494,000 of the population having depression. Some or all of such statistics can be provided or be associated with the corresponding map.

[0039] In the example map shown in Figure 2 and the corresponding statistics, it is noted that over 3 million people are affected with various diseases, including the highlighted cardiovascular condition affecting the highest sub- population. Aside from the high number of affected people, there can be very high related costs. For example, the cost of treating the above-discussed conditions may be around 9.4 billion dollars, and the total health care expenditure may be around 17 billion dollars.

[0040] One or more features of the present disclosure can be implemented to promote health for a population, such as the examples of Figures 1 and 2. In some applications, such promotion of health can be implemented in an effective manner for patients already suffering from various diseases (e.g., common diseases in Figure 2) and wanting to restore health, healthy people wanting to maintain health, health-related entities including those described herein, or some combination thereof. Aside from such effective promotion of health providing more meaningful experience for various people and entities, significant cost savings can be realized.

[0041] In some embodiments, and as described herein in greater detail, a system providing the foregoing promotion of health can include a personalized map (also referred to herein as a wellness map or an individualized map) that helps a patient achieve one or more health and wellness goals. Such goal(s) can be facilitated by, for example, the personalized map presenting appropriate information related to healthcare resources to the patient and/or a healthcare team based on a medical condition of the patient. Such a personalized map can be configured to be displayed on electronic devices, including the example devices described herein.

[0042] In some embodiments, a personalized map having one or more features as described herein can be integrated with, for example, an electronic health record (EHR) system and a patient portal. Examples of such electronic health record and patient portal are described herein in greater detail; however, it will be understood that any type of electronic health record system and patient portal can be integrated with the personalized map.

[0043] In some embodiments, a personalized map having one or more features as described herein can be part of, or be associated with, a system having a flexible and scalable repository of information about community resources. Such information about community resources can be mapped to the personalized map based on one or more diagnoses and conditions associated with the patient. In some embodiments, such a system can also utilize one or more available taxonomy schemes and/or one or more available standards.

[0044] Because patients may have varying demographics, diseases, and/or conditions, it may be useful to provide information about resources, services, and/or facilities that patients may use to improve and/or maintain their health. Some embodiments described herein may provide a map (e.g., a patient- centric map, an individualized map, a customized map, etc.) that may display/show resources, services, and/or facilities based on a patient's health record and/or a patient's location (e.g., geographical location). For example, based on a patient's diabetic condition (which may be indicated in the patient's health record), the individualized map may display/show the locations of endocrinologists and/or nutritionists in the vicinity of the patient.

[0045] The individualized map may bring awareness to medical providers (e.g., doctors) and/or patients of resources, services, and/or facilities that may help maintain a patient's health and/or may help improve patient's health specific to their condition. The individualized map may be referred to as a wellness map, a customized map, a patient-centric map, etc. The individualized map (e.g., the wellness map) is illustrated and discussed in more detail below.

[0046] Figure 3 illustrates an example system architecture 100, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The system architecture 100 may be used by patients 102, healthcare providers 104, and/or healthcare systems, to maintain and/or improve the health and wellness of the patients 100.

[0047] The system architecture 100 of Figure 3 includes various identified community resources 124 (e.g., services, providers, facilities, and/or resources). In one embodiment, information about the identified community resources may be included in the system architecture 100 to indicate the types of services, providers, facilities, and/or resources that are provided. For example, a facility may be identified in the system architecture 100 to indicate that the facility provides heart surgery and spinal surgery services. In another example, a clinic may be identified in the system architecture 100 to indicate that the clinic provides mental health services (e.g., counseling for mental diseases such as depression).

[0048] In some embodiments, information about the identified community resources 124 may be included in the system architecture 100 by, for example, use of a geoportal service 122 (e.g., using active server page extended (ASPX) files hosted by server computers). In some situations, at least some of the identified community resources 124 may also provide the geoportal service 122 with their locations (e.g., geographical locations, such as global positioning system (GPS) coordinates).

[0049] In some embodiments, the geoportal service 122 may reside on one or more server computers (e.g., computing devices) of the system architecture 100. In some embodiments, the geoportal service 122 may be in communication with, but external to one or more server computers (e.g., computing devices) the system architecture 100.

[0050] In some situations, at least some of the identified community resources 124 may also allow the geoportal service 122 to access information (e.g., bills/invoices) generated by the identified community resources 124. Such bill/invoices may indicate the types of services, providers, facilities, and/or resources that are available from corresponding identified community resource(s) 124. For example, the geoportal service 122 may determine the services provided by a facility based on an International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) code (as discussed in more detail below). Such ICD codes may be standardized codes used by various healthcare providers and/or health care systems in bills and/or invoices.

[0051] Referring to the example of Figure 3, the geoportal service 122 may be coupled to an interconnect backend service 120 of the system architecture 100. In some embodiments, the interconnect backend service 120 may be part of a healthcare provider and/or a healthcare system. In one embodiment, the interconnect backend service 120 may be configured to include electronic access portal (EAP) functionality to allow providers/patients to access electronic medical records (EMR). For example, the interconnect backend service 120 may allow a provider (e.g., a doctor) to update a patient's EMR. The provider may use an EAP hyperspace portal 1 14 (e.g. , an internal portal for a healthcare system) to update a patient's EMR. In another example, the interconnect backend service 120 may allow the patient to access the patient's EMR to see the result of a test (e.g., a blood test). The patient may use a patient portal 1 12 (e.g., an internet-based portal external to the healthcare system) to access the patient's EMR. As described herein, an EMR may also be referred to as an electronic health record (EHR).

[0052] In some embodiments, the geoportal service 122 and/or the interconnect backend service 120 may include, or be in communication with, a geographic (or geographical) information system (GIS). The GIS may include geospatial data (e.g., data such as location, size, and/or shape, about a physical object that may be represented by numerical values in a geographic coordinate system, etc.). Such geospatial data may be stored in a data store (e.g., a database). The data store may be, for example, a memory (e.g., random access memory), a cache, a drive (e.g., a hard drive), a flash drive, a database system, and/or another type of component or device capable of storing data. The data store may also include multiple storage components (e.g., multiple drives or multiple databases) that may also span multiple computing devices (e.g., multiple server computers).

[0053] The GIS may also include a spatial database engine. The spatial database engine may allow the GIS to provide, present, and/or display data indicating resources, providers, facilities, and/or services in a geographical area. For example, the spatial database engine may access the geospatial data to identify resources, providers, facilities, and/or services in a geographical area. The spatial database engine may provide, present, and/or display a map that indicates locations of the resources, providers, facilities, and/or services in the geographical area.

[0054] As discussed above, patients and/or healthcare providers (e.g., doctors) may be unable to obtain consolidated and/or personalized information about providers, services, facilities, and/or resources that may help patients maintain and/or improve their health. In some embodiments, and as described herein, such information can be consolidated by the system architecture 100 of Figure 3.

[0055] For example, and referring to Figure 3, the system architecture 100 as described herein may allow the GIS to communicate/interact with the interconnect backend services 120 to provide an individualized map of providers, services, facilities, and/or resources for each of some or all of the patients in the healthcare system. The interconnect backend services 120 may access EMR of a given patient and may access the GIS to identify providers, services, facilities, and/or resources that may be relevant to the patient's health conditions and/or diseases (e.g., that may be used to improve and/or maintain the patient's health with regard to a condition or disease). The system architecture 100 (e.g., by the interconnect backend service) may generate an individualized map (e.g., a wellness map) based on the EMR of the patient and the data received from the GIS (e.g., based on the geospatial data received from the GIS). The individualized map may include the locations of providers, services, facilities, and/or resources based on the health conditions and/or diseases of the patient.

[0056] For example, if a patient has mental diseases (e.g. , depression) the wellness map may include the locations of relevant counseling centers and/or religious centers (e.g., churches) which may help the patient improve his/her mental health. In another example, if a patient is not diabetic, the individualized map (e.g., the wellness map) may not include the locations of endocrinologists.

[0057] In one embodiment, the system architecture 100 (e.g., facilitated by the GIS) may use various taxonomies to represent the services, facilities, providers, and/or resources that may be provided by the identified community resources 124. For the purpose of description, a taxonomy may also be referred to as a schema. As discussed herein, ICD codes may be used to indicate the types of services, facilities, providers, and/or resources that may be available at a certain identified community resource.

[0058] In one embodiment, the geospatial data may include and/or may be associated with various ICD codes. For example, geospatial data associated with a certain identified community resource (e.g., geospatial data indicating the location of the certain identified community resource) may include and/or may be associated with one or more ICD codes. Including and/or associating the ICD code with the geospatial data for the certain identified community resource allows the system architecture 100 to determine which services, facilities, providers, and/or resources may be provided by the different identified community resources. This may also allow the system architecture 100 to display, present, and/or provide an individualized map (e.g., a wellness map) for a patient based on the patient's EMR.

[0059] For example, if a patient's EMR indicates that the patient has arthritis, the system architecture 100 (e.g., by the GIS and/or the interconnect backend services 120) may access the geospatial data to determine which of the identified community resources 124 are associated with ICD codes that are related to the treatment of arthritis. The system architecture 100 may then provide an individualized map that includes identified community resources that may be able to help treat the patient's arthritis.

[0060] In one embodiment, the system architecture 100 may also identify community resources that may be associated with ICD codes for multiple health conditions and/or diseases of a patient (e.g. , identify community resources that may be associated with treatment of arthritis, mental health, and diabetes). Based on such, the system architecture 100 may then provide an individualized map that includes identified community resources that may be able to treat the multiple health conditions.

[0061] In one embodiment, the ICD codes may be stored in the same data store as the geospatial data and/or may be stored in a separate data store. In one embodiment, the system architecture 100 may store the association between the ICD codes and the identified community resources 124. For example, the system architecture 100 may store data indicating that an identified community resource may be able to provide resources, facilities, services, and/or providers for conditions/diseases associated with one or more ICD codes.

[0062] In one embodiment, the identified community resources 124 may provide ICD codes (that indicate the services, facilities, providers, and/or resources provided) to the geoportal service 122 and/or the interconnect backend service 120. For example, a medical clinic (e.g., by a user in the medical clinic) may access a web page (e.g., a web portal), or may use an application programming interface (API) to provide the ICD codes to the geoportal service 122 and/or the interconnect backend service 120. The ICD codes may also be obtained from bill/invoices generated by the some or all of the identified community resources 124.

[0063] In one embodiment, the ICD codes that are associated with an identified community resource may be updated. For example, a list (e.g., set, group, etc.) of ICD codes associated with an identified community resource may be updated to indicate that a certain identified community resource no longer provides a service and/or may be updated to indicate that the certain identified community resource is now providing a new service. One having ordinary skill in the art understands that in other embodiments, the ICD codes may be obtained by and/or provided to the system architecture using various methods, operations, functions, etc.

[0064] Although the present disclosure may use ICD codes to identify which services, facilities, providers, and/or resources may be provided by the different identified community resources, one having ordinary skill in the art understands that other types of data (e.g., alphanumeric text, other types of codes, etc.) may be used to identify which services, facilities, providers, and/or resources may be provided by the different identified community resources. For example, a different type of code may be used to identify which services, facilities, providers, and/or resources may be provided by the different identified community resources. In another example, alphanumeric text (e.g., descriptive text strings) may be used to identify which services, facilities, providers, and/or resources may be provided by the different identified community resources.

[0065] In some embodiments, and referring to the example of Figure 3, community resources (e.g., associated with the identified community resources 124) can be grouped into three broad categories for display on a wellness map. For example, the first category can include community resources associated with social aspect of an individual; the second category can include community resources associated with medical aspect of the individual; and the third category can include community resources associated with health and wellness aspect of the individual.

[0066] Based on such categories, an individualized patient map display can be generated based the specific needs of that individual. For example, the medical category might display the offices of providers who are currently caring for the individual's diabetic condition. The social category might display diabetes support group resources as well as other resources relevant to that individual (e.g., transportation needs, foodbanks, financial support, etc.). The health and wellness category might display resources related to diet and exercise for the diabetic individual.

[0067] Also as illustrated in Figure 3, the system architecture 100 may generate utilization reports 126. The utilization reports 126 may indicate whether individualized maps (e.g., wellness maps) are used by patients and/or providers (e.g., doctors). The utilization reports 126 may also indicate whether patients and/or providers use an identified community resource and/or request additional information about an identified community resource.

[0068] Referring to Figure 3, in some embodiments, an individualized map 102 (e.g., a wellness map) as described herein may provide a consolidated source of information about the services, facilities, providers, and/or resources that may be provided by the different identified community resources. Such a map may allow both patients and providers (e.g., doctors) access to on-demand information that is updated based on the patients' health conditions and/or diseases. For example, if patient has a new health condition or no longer has an old health condition, the individualized map (e.g., the wellness map) for the user may be updated to add and/or remove different identified community resources.

[0069] The individualized map 102 as described herein may help improve a patient's health and promote wellness. This may help the patient to stay health/well, which may reduce emergency room visits and/or hospitalization (which may also reduce healthcare costs/expenditures). The individualized map 102 may also allow patients and/or providers to better utilize community/healthcare services, providers, resources, and/or facilities, in their vicinity. The individualized map 102 may also provide awareness of community/healthcare services, providers, resources, and/or facilities that patients and/or providers (e.g., doctors) were not previously aware of. Thus, the system architecture 100 and/or the individualized map 102 (e.g., the wellness map) may provide useful information to patients/providers to maintain/improve their health and may empower patients to maintain a healthy, active lifestyles by informing them of the social, spiritual, medical and wellness resources near their geographical locations. [0070] One having ordinary skill in the art understands that the system architecture 100 as described herein may include various computing devices that are coupled together via one or more networks. The computing devices and/or the one or more networks may be used to perform the functions, actions, methods, and/or operations described herein. For example, the geoportal service and/or the interconnect backend service may be located on one or more server computers (e.g., a computing device). In another example, the patient may use a smart phone (e.g., a computing device) to access an individualized map (e.g., a wellness map). Examples of computing devices may include, but are not limited to, devices such as personal computers (PCs), server computers, laptops, mobile phones, smart phones, tablet computers, netbook computers etc. The one or more networks may include a public network (e.g., the Internet), a private network (e.g., a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN)), a wired network (e.g., Ethernet network), a wireless network (e.g., an 802.1 1 network or a Wi-Fi network), a cellular network (e.g., a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network), routers, hubs, switches, computing devices (e.g., a server computer), and/or a combination thereof.

[0071] Figure 4 shows an example process 130 for using an individualized map (e.g., a wellness map) for a patient. As indicated in step 132, a patient may visit a center (e.g., a hospital, a doctor's office, a health promotion center, etc.). As indicated in step 134, a provider (e.g., a doctor) may evaluate the patient and may diagnose the patient with one or more health conditions and/or diseases. The provider may work with the patient to identify goals and/or actions for treatment of the one or more health conditions and/or diseases.

[0072] In one embodiment, and as indicated in step 136, the provider (e.g., doctor) may access a healthcare system architecture (e.g., the system architecture 100 illustrated in Figure 3) to display, present, and/or provide a wellness map to the patient. As indicated in step 138, a review of available resources in the wellness map can be performed. Such a review can be performed, for example, with the provider, with another person associated with the provider facility, or with information provided to the patient to allow the patient to review at home.

[0073] As indicated in step 140, access to a patient portal can be enabled. Similar to the review step 138, such enablement of the patient portal can be performed, for example, by the provider, by another person associated with the provider facility, or by the patient (e.g., at home) with appropriate sign-on information.

[0074] In one embodiment, the patient may access the system architecture 100 to view the individualized map from his/her own computing device (e.g., laptop computer, smartphone, tablet computer, etc.). As discussed herein, such a wellness map may indicate services, providers, resources, and/or facilities that may be relevant to the patient based on the healthcare conditions and/or diseases of the patient (e.g., may be customized, individualized, or tailored to the healthcare conditions and/or diseases of the patient). The patient may review the available services, providers, resources, and/or facilities on the individualized map and may sign up for and/or use one or more of the available services, providers, resources, and/or facilities.

[0075] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example graphical user interface (GUI) 200 that includes an individualized map 102 (e.g., a wellness map) for a patient, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The example GUI (e.g., visual representation) may include text, images, pictures, tables, graphs, charts, lists, text fields, checkboxes, text boxes, buttons, menus, and/or various other user interface elements. The example GUIs and/or visual representations may be provided, presented, and/or displayed by an application executing on a computing device (e.g., a health application installed on the computing device by a user or a provider).

[0076] As illustrated in Figure 5, the example GUI 200 includes an individualized map 102 of a geographical area near the patient's location 202 (e.g., his/her home address). The example individualized map 102 is shown to indicate the locations of available services, providers, resources, and/or facilities that are in the geographical vicinity of the location 202 of the patient. For example, the patient may be located at the patient's home. The individualized map 102 indicates the locations of restaurants, hospitals, clinics, stores (e.g., markets), counseling services, churches, educational centers, gyms, doctors, etc., that are located in the vicinity of the patient's home 202. As discussed herein, the available services, providers, resources, and/or facilities indicated on the individualized map may be based on the health conditions and/or diseases of a patient (which are indicated in the patient's EHR). [0077] In one embodiment, the individualized map 102 may also indicate the locations of providers, facilities, clinics, etc., where the patient has upcoming appointments. The individualized map may also indicate the time and the date of the upcoming appointments. For example, when the user clicks on a box (or hovers a mouse over the box) indicating the location of an upcoming appointment, the time and date of the upcoming appointment may be displayed. In the example of Figure 5, such appointments are indicated as 222a and 222b. In some embodiments, such appointments can be prioritized by, for example, chronological order. In such an example prioritization, the example appointment information indicated as 222a can have a number "1 " to inform the patient that such an appointment comes before the appointment associated with the appointment information indicated as 222b (having a number "2").

[0078] In the example of Figure 5, the foregoing appointment information are depicted as circles overlaying respective stars. In the same example individualized map 102, a number of locations are indicated as, for example, circles. In some embodiments, such location circles can be distinguished among themselves in a number of ways. For example, location circles belonging to different resource-categories can be presented different colors.

[0079] As described in reference to Figure 3, community resources can be included in an individualized map can be grouped into three example categories. In such an embodiment, the first category can include community resources associated with social aspect of an individual; the second category can include community resources associated with medical aspect of the individual; and the third category can include community resources associated with health and wellness aspect of the individual.

[0080] In the foregoing context of three categories of community resources, the example GUI 200 of Figure 5 can include a menu 208 that is organized accordingly. For example, the menu 208 is shown to have three groups of selectable menu options. More particularly, a first group 21 1 of menu options is shown to correspond to the social aspect of available resources in the vicinity of the patient; a second group 212 of menu options is shown to correspond to the medical aspect of available resources in the vicinity of the patient; and a third group 213 of menu options is shown to correspond to the health-and-wellness aspect of available resources in the vicinity of the patient.

[0081] In the example of Figure 5, the first group 21 1 can include menu options for community support groups and related locations, and counseling centers. Accordingly, an example location 221 can be associated with the first group 21 1 . In some embodiments, the menu options in first group 21 1 and the corresponding locations in the individualized map 102 can be displayed in same color.

[0082] In the example of Figure 5, the second group 212 can include menu options for appointments, preferred resources, laboratories, pharmacies, and emergency/urgent care facilities. Accordingly, the appointment information at the corresponding locations 222a, 222b can be associated with the second group 212. In some embodiments, the menu options in second group 212 and the corresponding locations in the individualized map 102 can be displayed in same color.

[0083] In the example of Figure 5, the third group 213 can include menu options for exercise facilities, nutrition centers/stores, parks, and restaurants. Accordingly, example locations 223 can be associated with the third group 213. In some embodiments, the menu options in third group 213 and the corresponding locations in the individualized map 102 can be displayed in same color.

[0084] In some embodiments, the individualized map 102 and the corresponding GUI 200 can be configured to automatically populate the menu 208 based on, for example, on the patient's EHR, including any diagnoses. Once populated, all of the resulting menu items and all of the corresponding locations on the individualized map 102 may not be useful to the patient. Accordingly, the menu 208, in addition to having different categories, can include sub-menus, customizable features, etc., to make the individualized map 102 more meaningful to the patient.

[0085] For example, in the GUI 200 of Figure 5, the community support menu item is enabled, while the counseling menu item is disabled. Accordingly, the first-category locations displayed in the individualized map 102 include those associated with community support (e.g., location 221 ), but not those associated with counseling centers. [0086] In another example, in the GUI 200 of Figure 5, all of the menu items in the second category are enabled. Accordingly, the all of the second- category locations are displayed in the individualized map 102.

[0087] In yet another example, in the GUI 200 of Figure 5, the restaurants menu item is enabled, while the remaining menu items in the third category are disabled. Accordingly, the third-category locations displayed in the individualized map 102 include those associated with restaurants (e.g., location 223), but not those associated with exercise, nutrition, and park menu items.

[0088] In yet another example, suppose that the patient is only interested in some or all of the second category (medical), and not in any of the other categories. For such a preference, desired menu items of the second category can be enabled, and the other categories can be disabled entirely. With such a selection, the individualized map can display only the medical-related locations corresponding to the enabled menu items.

[0089] In the example of Figure 5, the individualized map 102 is depicted as being generally centered about the patient's home address. It will be understood that such a centering feature is not necessarily a requirement. For example, the patient may plan for a trip away from his/her home, and would like to be aware of available resources during the trip and/or at the destination. Accordingly, in some embodiments, an individualized map as described herein can be configured to accommodate such a trip and/or destination (e.g., similar to navigation programs).

[0090] Figure 5 further shows that the GUI 200 can include a number of other features. For example, a size of the area to be displayed in the individualized map 102 can be selected in a selection menu 206. In another example, a search functionality 204 can be provided to allow searching among the available resources.

[0091] As described herein, the items in the menu 208 can be populated based on the patient's EHR, including any diagnoses. In some embodiments, specific information for at least some of such menu items can be obtained from the EHR as well. For example, specific information such as appointments, primary care provider, preferred laboratory and preferred pharmacy can be obtained from the EHR. [0092] Figure 6 shows an example of a sub-menu functionality that can be implemented for the example GUI 200 of Figure 5. In Figure 6, the "pharmacies" menu item of the second category 212 is shown to be enabled. In some embodiments, such a menu item can be clicked to display a sub-menu associated with available pharmacies in the vicinity of the patient's home location 202. Such a sub-menu can list a number of available pharmacies, and the corresponding locations of such pharmacies can be displayed on the individualized map 102.

[0093] In the example of Figure 6, the sub-menu can include more specific information about the available pharmacies. For example, directions (e.g., from the patient's home location) can be generated for each of the pharmacies; and such directions can be customized for different modes of motion (e.g., car, bus, or walking). In another example, specific information such as business address, operating hours, telephone number, website, and list of services can be provided for each of the pharmacies.

[0094] In some embodiments, other functionalities can be implemented in an individualized map as described herein. For example, the individualized map may also indicate health insurance information for one or more services, providers, resources, and/or facilities. More particularly, the individualized map may indicate whether a provider, service, facility, provider, etc., is covered by a patient's health insurance. The individualized map may also indicate whether a provider is an in-network provider or an out-of-network provider. The individualized map may also indicate the costs of services, providers, resources, facilities, etc.

[0095] In one embodiment, the individualized map may also indicate environmental conditions for the geographical area. For example, the individualized map may indicate the temperature, air quality, humidity, and/or weather conditions (e.g., rain, snow, ice, etc.) of the geographical area. The environmental conditions may allow a patient to select services, providers, resources, and/or facilities based on the environmental conditions. For example, if there is snow in the geographical area, the patient may select a facility that is closer to the patient's home to reduce the chance of the patient slipping/falling while walking to the facility. [0096] As described herein, the individualized map may also account for a patient's mode of transportation. For example, if a patient does not own a vehicle (e.g., a car, a motorcycle), the individualized map may display services, providers, resources, and/or facilities that are within walking distance of the patient's home, or are near public transportation routes.

[0097] In one embodiment, the individualized map may also account for a patient's religious affiliation (e.g., religion). For example, the individualized map may not indicate services, providers, resources, and/or facilities that may be objectionable to a patient due to the patient's religious affiliation. In another example, the individualized map may indicate services, providers, resources, and/or facilities that may provide services that are compatible with the patient's religious affiliation.

[0098] Figures 7A and 7B show that in some embodiments, an individualized map as described herein can be configured as an application software (commonly referred to as a mobile app) suitable for a mobile device 250 such as a smartphone. In the example of Figures 7A and 7B, an individualized map 102 and a corresponding GUI 200 can be configured to provide displays and menu selection functionalities more suitable for smaller screens on mobile devices. For example, and as shown in Figure 7A, a menu 208 can be displayed without a corresponding map on the same screen. Within such a menu, each of the three example categories can be collapsed or expanded. For example, the second category (medical) 212 is shown to be expanded to allow selection of one or more menu items, while each of the first and third categories 21 1 , 213 is shown to be collapsed to better manage the limited screen space.

[0099] In another example, and as shown in Figure 7B, a map portion of the individualized map 102 can be displayed with reduced amounts of functionalities associated with, for example, menu and sub-menu items. In some embodiments, the displayed individualized map 102 can be zoomed in or out, and a resource location of interest can be touched to provide more specific information. For example, a resource location associated with the circle "5" is shown to be associated with an urgent family care facility; and information and directions for such a facility can be obtained.

[0100] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example process 300 for providing information related to healthcare related providers, services, and/or other resource, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 300 may be performed by processing logic that comprises hardware (e.g., circuitry, dedicated logic, programmable logic, microcode, etc.), software (e.g., instructions run on a processor), firmware, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, process 300 may be performed by services, as illustrated in Figure 3. In addition, the process 300 could alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states via a state diagram or events.

[0101] The process 300 begins at block 305 where the process 300 identifies a patient. For example, the patient may be identified based on a patient identification number or based on patient's login information. At block 310, the process 300 obtains the health record of the patient. For example, the process 300 may obtain the EHR of the patient. The process 300 may identify one or more health conditions and/or diseases associated with the patient at block 315. For example, the process 300 may identify a health condition or disease of the patient. At block 316, the process 300 may determine the location of the patient. For example, the process 300 may receive GPS coordinates from the smartphone of a patient.

[0102] At block 320, the process 300 may identify one or more services, providers, facilities, and/or other resources for the patient based on the location of the patient and/or based on the one or more health conditions and/or diseases associated with the patient. At block 325, the process 300 may provide data indicating one or more geographic locations of the one or more services, providers, facilities, and/or other resources. For example, the process 300 may provide, present, and/or display one or more of the GUIs illustrated in Figures 5- 7.

[0103] Figure 9 illustrates an example system architecture 100, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The system architecture 100 may be used by patients, healthcare providers, and/or healthcare systems, to maintain and/or improve the health and wellness of patients.

[0104] The system architecture 100 includes various identified resources 124 (e.g., services, providers, facilities, and/or other resources). The identified resources 124 may include resources that are listed in a directory system, such as a 21 1 Community Connect system. The identified resources 124 may also include resources of a hospital system/network. The identified resources may also include information obtained from third-party data providers.

[0105] In one embodiment, the identified resources 124 may allow the system architecture 100 to indicate the types of services, providers, facilities, and/or other resources that are provided, as discussed herein. The identified resources 124 may facilitate the system architecture 100 by being in communication with a geoportal service 122. The identified resources 124 may provide the geoportal service 122 with the locations of the identified resources.

[0106] In one embodiment, the geoportal service 122 may reside on one or more server computers of the system architecture 100. The identified resources 124 may also allow the geoportal server 122 to access bills/invoices generated by the identified resources 124. The bill/invoices may indicate the types of services, providers, facilities, and/or resources that are available from a certain identified resource, as discussed herein.

[0107] In one embodiment, the geoportal service 122 may be coupled to an integration service 400 of the system architecture 100. The integration service 400 may be part of a healthcare provider and/or a healthcare system. In one embodiment, the integration service 400 may be able to access a patient's EMR (e.g., EHR) 402. For example, the integration service 400 may be part of a hospital network/system and may provide access to a patient's EMR. In another example, the integration service 400 may communicate with services, databases, server computers, etc., of a hospital network/system to access a patient's EMR.

[0108] In one embodiment, the geoportal service 122 and/or the integration service 400 may include a GIS, as discussed herein. The GIS may also include a spatial database engine, as discussed herein. The spatial database engine may allow the GIS to provide, present, and/or display data indicating resources, providers, facilities, and/or services in a geographical area. The spatial database engine may provide, present, and/or display a map that indicates the locations of the resources, providers, facilities, and/or services in the geographical area. In some embodiments, wayfinding functionalities can be implemented to allow the patient to see what resources are available near his/her current location.

[0109] In some embodiments, the system architecture 100 described herein may allow the geoportal service 122 to communicate/interact with the integration service 400 to provide an individualized map 102 of providers, services, facilities, and/or other resources for each patient in the healthcare system. The integration service 400 may access EMR 402 of a patient and may access the GIS to identify providers, services, facilities, and/or other resources that may be relevant to a patient's health conditions and/or diseases, as discussed herein.

[0110] In some embodiments, the system architecture 100 (e.g., by the integration service 400) may generate an individualized map 102 (e.g., a wellness map) based on the EMR 402 of a patient and the data received from the geoportal service 122. The individualized map 102 may include the locations of providers, services, facilities, and/or other resources based on the health conditions and/or diseases of a patient, as discussed herein.

[0111] Also as described herein in reference to Figure 3, the system architecture 100 of Figure 9 may generate reports and/or may collect data related to the patients, providers, and/or identified resources. For example, the system architecture 100 (e.g., by the integration service 400) may collect data on whether the individualized maps (e.g., wellness maps) are used by patients 102 and/or providers 104 (e.g., doctors). This may allow the system architecture 100 to indicate to a user (e.g., a hospital administrator) whether the individualized map 102 (e.g., wellness map) is being utilized by patients/providers.

[0112] In one embodiment, the system architecture 100 may also collect data on whether patients and/or providers use an identified resource and/or request additional information about an identified resource. In another embodiment, the system architecture 100 may further collect data from patient surveys and/or provider surveys that may indicate the quality and/or quantity of healthcare provided to patients. For example, a patient may use a social media website or a ratings website to provide feedback on the quality/quantity of healthcare and/or other types of feedback (e.g., suggestions for improvements, requests, etc.). In another example, a patient may access a survey provided by the healthcare system/network, identified resource, and/or provider.

[0113] In some embodiments, the system architecture 100 can be configured so that the individualized map 102 has interactive functionalities. For example, the foregoing feedback functionality can be implemented as an interactive functionality through the individualized map 102 (e.g., with questionnaires or feedback options for a given resource). In another example, the individualized map 102 can be configured to allow the patient to make an appointment with a provider, allow alerting of the patient of an upcoming appointment, and/or to allow the patient to customize the individualized map 102 to add his/her own health and wellness related resources.

[0114] In some embodiments, the individualized map 102 (e.g., the wellness map) may provide a consolidated source of information about the services, facilities, providers, and/or other resources that may be provided by the different identified resources. For such consolidated source of information, a corresponding map can be configured to display all of the resources in an area for a given problem rather than resources for use by an individual patient. Such a map with all of the resources can be useful for case managers, patient navigators, and providers that may need the information to address multiple patients.

[0115] The individualized map 102 may provide both patients and providers (e.g., doctors) access to on-demand information that is updated based on the patients' health conditions and/or diseases. The individualized map 102 may help improve a patient's health and promote wellness. This may help the patient to stay health/well, which may reduce emergency room visits and/or hospitalization (which may also reduce healthcare costs/expenditures). The individualized map 102 may also allow patients and/or providers to better utilize community/healthcare services, providers, resources, and/or facilities, in their vicinity. The individualized map 102 may also provide awareness of community/healthcare services, providers, resources, and/or facilities that patients and/or providers (e.g., doctors) were not previously aware of. Thus, the system architecture 100 and/or the individualized map 102 (e.g., the wellness map) may provide useful information to patients/providers to maintain/improve their health and may empower patients to maintain a healthy, active lifestyles by informing them of the social, spiritual, medical and wellness resources near their geographical locations.

[0116] In some embodiments, the system architecture and/or the individualized map (e.g., the wellness map) as described herein can be configured to provide other features. For example, features such as bus stops and arrival times, saving of a resource as a favorite, rating of a resource, available walking path, facility information such as map and parking details, schedule of classes and events, and information about ADA ramps and access points can be added and presented to a patient through the individualized map. In another example, features such as an interface for adding or removing of resources, integration with a third party reward point program, and display of patient's problem list and health goals can also be implemented with the system architecture.

[0117] One having ordinary skill in the art understands that the system architecture 100 may include various computing devices that are coupled together via one or more networks. The computing devices and/or the one or more networks may be used to perform the functions, actions, methods, and/or operations described herein.

[0118] Figure 10 illustrates an example process 500, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the process 500 illustrated in Figure 10 may be a process for classifying resources (e.g., identified community resources illustrated in Figure 3, identified resources illustrated in Figure 9, etc.). In another embodiment, the process 500 illustrated in Figure 10 may be a process for associating ICD codes 502 with a taxonomy 504 used to classify/identify resources.

[0119] In one embodiment, the system architectures described herein may use various taxonomies to represent and/or identify the services, facilities, providers, and/or other resource that may be provided by the identified community resources. For example, a 21 1 Community Connect system may use a taxonomy to represent and/or identify services, facilities, providers, and/or other resources. For example, weight loss clinics may be represented using a code (e.g., an alphanumeric string, text, numbers, etc.). In another example, pharmacies may be represented using a different code. As discussed above, ICD codes may indicate the clinical conditions/diseases and/or the diagnosis of those clinical conditions/diseases.

[0120] In one embodiment, the system architecture may use the taxonomy used by the 21 1 system when generating a classification that may be used to generate the individualized map (e.g., wellness map) for patients. For example, the system architecture (e.g., by an integration service such as an interconnect backend service) may analyze the codes (e.g., the taxonomy) used by the 21 1 system (to represent the types of services, facilities, providers, and/or other resources provided by the resources listed in the 21 1 system). The system architecture may associate ICD codes with the codes used by the 21 1 system to generate a classification (e.g., the example LLUH classification 506 illustrated in Figure 10).

[0121] In one embodiment, the association between the ICD codes and the codes used by the 21 1 system may allow the system architecture to generate an individualized map 102 for patients. For example, associating an ICD code with a specific code used by the 21 1 system may indicate that services, facilities, providers, and/or other resources that have the specific code may be able to provide healthcare services for the conditions/diseases and/or diagnoses associated with the ICD code. In one embodiment, the classification may be a table, lists, database, etc., that indicates which ICD codes are associated with which codes from the 21 1 system (or from another taxonomy).

[0122] In one embodiment, the system architecture may use the classification (e.g., the example LLUH classification 506) and a GIS 508 (e.g., a geoportal service) when generating the individualized map (e.g., the wellness map). For example, the different services, facilities, providers, and/or other resources (e.g., identified resources or identified community resources) may each be associated with one or more ICD codes and/or one or more codes used by the 21 1 system (via the classification). The GIS may include the geographical locations of the different services, facilities, providers, and/or other resources. If a patient's EMR indicates a specific ICD code, the system architecture may identify which codes used by the 21 1 system are associated with the specific ICD code, and may determine which services, facilities, providers, and/or other resources are associated with the identified 21 1 codes. The system architecture may display, present, and/or provide the locations of the services, facilities, providers, and/or other resources (that are associated with the identified 21 1 codes) on the individualized map for the patient.

[0123] Although the present disclosure may refer to codes used by the 21 1 system (e.g., one type of taxonomy), one having ordinary skill in the art understands that other types of data (e.g., alphanumeric text, other types of codes, etc.) may be used to identify which services, facilities, providers, and/or other resources may be provided by the different identified resources. For example, one taxonomy may associate weight clinics and nutritionists with one code and another taxonomy may associated weight loss clinics with one code and nutritionists with another code. In addition, although the present disclosure may refer to ICD codes, one having ordinary skill in the art understands that other types of codes may be used to represent and/or identify the conditions, diseases, and/or diagnosis of patients.

[0124] Figure 1 1 shows an example of a patient portal 1 12 described herein in reference to Figures 3, 4 and 9. In Figure 1 1 , the patient portal 1 12 is displayed as a GUI 600 that is configured to allow a patient to access and manage information and issues associated with his/her health and wellness. Such a GUI can include a number of menu items 602 that can be selected by the patient. In some embodiments, an individualized map as described herein can be accessed through one of the menu items 602. For example, a menu item 604, when selected, can allow the patient portal 1 12 to present the individualized map to the patient, in forms such as the examples of Figures 5-7.

[0125] It will be understood that in some embodiments, an individualized map as described herein does not need to be accessed through another user interface such as the example MyChart interface 600 of Figure 1 1. Instead, a patient portal may include a dedicated interface to allow a patient to directly access the individualized map.

[0126] Figure 12 illustrates a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the example form of a computing device 700 within which a set of instructions, for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, may be executed. The computing device 700 may be a mobile phone, a smart phone, a netbook computer, a rackmount server, a router computer, a server computer, a personal computer, a mainframe computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a desktop computer etc., within which a set of instructions, for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, may be executed. In alternative embodiments, the machine may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines in a network, such as a LAN, an intranet, an extranet, or the Internet. The machine may operate in the capacity of a server machine (e.g., a server computer) in client- server network environment. The machine may be a personal computer (PC), a set-top box (STB), a server computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a smartphone, a cellular phone, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. Further, while only a single machine is illustrated, the term "machine" shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.

[0127] The example computing device 700 includes a processing device (e.g., a processor, a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.) 702, a main memory 704 (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) such as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)), a network interface device 708, an output device, 710, an input device 712, and a data storage device 718, which communicate with each other via a bus 730.

[0128] Processing device 702 represents one or more general-purpose processing devices such as a microprocessor, central processing unit, or the like. More particularly, the processing device 702 may be a complex instruction set computing (CISC) microprocessor, reduced instruction set computing (RISC) microprocessor, very long instruction word (VLIW) microprocessor, or a processor implementing other instruction sets or processors implementing a combination of instruction sets. The processing device 702 may also be one or more special-purpose processing devices such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a digital signal processor (DSP), network processor, or the like. The processing device 702 is configured to execute service/application 726 for performing the operations and steps discussed herein. Examples of the service/application 726 may include the services illustrated and described herein and/or may include applications (e.g., healthcare applications, web browsers, etc.).

[0129] The computing device 700 may further include a network interface device 708 which may communicate with a network. The computing device 700 also may include an output device 710 (e.g. , a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), and an input device 712 (e.g., a mouse, a keyboard, etc.). In one embodiment, the output device 710 and the input device 712 may be combined into a single component or device (e.g., an LCD touch screen).

[0130] The data storage device 718 may include a computer-readable storage medium 728 on which is stored one or more sets of instructions (e.g., service/application 726) embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The service/application 726 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 704 and/or within the processing device 702 during execution thereof by the computing device 700. The main memory 704 and the processing device 702 may also constitute computer-readable media. The instructions may further be transmitted or received over the via the network interface device 708.

[0131] While the computer-readable storage medium 728 is shown in an example embodiment to be a single medium, the term "computer-readable storage medium" should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions. The term "computer- readable storage medium" shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the machine and that cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the present disclosure. The term "computer-readable storage medium" shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, optical media and magnetic media.

[0132] The present disclosure describes various features, no single one of which is solely responsible for the benefits described herein. It will be understood that various features described herein may be combined, modified, or omitted, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill. Other combinations and sub-combinations than those specifically described herein will be apparent to one of ordinary skill, and are intended to form a part of this disclosure. Various methods are described herein in connection with various flowchart steps and/or phases. It will be understood that in many cases, certain steps and/or phases may be combined together such that multiple steps and/or phases shown in the flowcharts may be performed as a single step and/or phase. Also, certain steps and/or phases may be broken into additional sub-components to be performed separately. In some instances, the order of the steps and/or phases may be rearranged and certain steps and/or phases may be omitted entirely. Also, the methods described herein are to be understood to be open-ended, such that additional steps and/or phases to those shown and described herein may also be performed.

[0133] Some portions of the present disclosure are presented in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here and generally, conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps leading to a desired result. The steps are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared and otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like.

[0134] Some aspects of the systems and methods described herein may advantageously be implemented using, for example, computer software, hardware, firmware, or any combination of computer software, hardware, and firmware. Computer software may comprise computer executable code stored in a computer readable medium (e.g., non-transitory computer readable medium) that, when executed, performs the functions described herein. In some embodiments, computer-executable code is executed by one or more general purpose computer processors. A skilled artisan will appreciate, in light of this disclosure, that any feature or function that may be implemented using software to be executed on a general purpose computer may also be implemented using a different combination of hardware, software, or firmware. For example, such a module may be implemented completely in hardware using a combination of integrated circuits. Alternatively or additionally, such a feature or function may be implemented completely or partially using specialized computers designed to perform the particular functions described herein rather than by general purpose computers.

[0135] Multiple distributed computing devices may be substituted for any one computing device described herein. In such distributed embodiments, the functions of the one computing device are distributed (e.g., over a network) such that some functions are performed on each of the distributed computing devices.

[0136] Some embodiments may be described with reference to equations, algorithms, and/or flowchart illustrations. These methods may be implemented using computer program instructions executable on one or more computers. These methods may also be implemented as computer program products either separately, or as a component of an apparatus or system. In this regard, each equation, algorithm, block, or step of a flowchart, and combinations thereof, may be implemented by hardware, firmware, and/or software including one or more computer program instructions embodied in computer-readable program code logic. As will be appreciated, any such computer program instructions may be loaded onto one or more computers, including without limitation a general purpose computer or special purpose computer, or other programmable processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the computer program instructions which execute on the computer(s) or other programmable processing device(s) implement the functions specified in the equations, algorithms, and/or flowcharts. It will also be understood that each equation, algorithm, and/or block in flowchart illustrations, and combinations thereof, may be implemented by special purpose hardware-based computer systems which perform the specified functions or steps, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer-readable program code logic means.

[0137] Furthermore, computer program instructions, such as embodied in computer-readable program code logic, may also be stored in a computer readable memory (e.g., a non-transitory computer readable medium) that may direct one or more computers or other programmable processing devices to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer- readable memory implement the function(s) specified in the block(s) of the flowchart(s). The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto one or more computers or other programmable computing devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the one or more computers or other programmable computing devices to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable processing apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the equation(s), algorithm(s), and/or block(s) of the flowchart(s).

[0138] Some or all of the methods and tasks described herein may be performed and fully automated by a computer system. The computer system may, in some cases, include multiple distinct computers or computing devices (e.g., physical servers, workstations, storage arrays, etc.) that communicate and interoperate over a network to perform the described functions. Each such computing device typically includes a processor (or multiple processors) that executes program instructions or modules stored in a memory or other non- transitory computer-readable storage medium or device. The various functions disclosed herein may be embodied in such program instructions, although some or all of the disclosed functions may alternatively be implemented in application- specific circuitry (e.g., ASICs or FPGAs) of the computer system. Where the computer system includes multiple computing devices, these devices may, but need not, be co-located. The results of the disclosed methods and tasks may be persistently stored by transforming physical storage devices, such as solid state memory chips and/or magnetic disks, into a different state.

[0139] Embodiments of the disclosure also relate to an apparatus for performing the operations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it may comprise a general purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, such as, but not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs and magnetic-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), magnetic or optical cards, flash memory, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions.

[0140] The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus. Various general purpose systems may be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct a more specialized apparatus to perform the required method steps. The required structure for a variety of these systems will appear from the description below. In addition, the present disclosure is not described with reference to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the disclosure as described herein.

[0141] Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise," "comprising," and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense, as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of "including, but not limited to." The word "coupled", as generally used herein, refers to two or more elements that may be either directly connected, or connected by way of one or more intermediate elements. Additionally, the words "herein," "above," "below," and words of similar import, when used in this application, shall refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. Where the context permits, words in the above Detailed Description using the singular or plural number may also include the plural or singular number respectively. The word "or" in reference to a list of two or more items, that word covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list. The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any implementation described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., as used herein are meant as labels to distinguish among different elements and may not necessarily have an ordinal meaning according to their numerical designation.

[0142] The disclosure is not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein. Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other implementations without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. The teachings of the invention provided herein may be applied to other methods and systems, and are not limited to the methods and systems described above, and elements and acts of the various embodiments described above may be combined to provide further embodiments. Accordingly, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the methods and systems described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the disclosure.