Field of Technology

RC Models of Gliders, Flying Targets, Glider Drones, Gliders State of the Art

A plane which for example is a soaring plane or a glider, is a craft used worldwide for fun flying and sport competitions.

A glider is expected to have the best possible glide ratio and the best sink rate. These properties are achieved through the best aerodynamic cleanness, thus a glider has a retractable landing gear, it has neither a fixed propeller nor other elements causing aerodynamic drag. This is the first of the two problems that gliders, or their owners, are facing: How to get into the air. Without other equipment it is impossible to get a glider in the air, where it can fully utilise its properties. Up to now no system has been invented that would be simple, cheap and not requiring attendance of more persons and equipment and that also would meet requirements on the aerodynamic cleanness.

Currently, classic gliders are mostly used as non-powered and they get in the air using a tow plane or a winch with rope or another method.

The first widely used system was to start a glider using a rubber rope where several human assistants stretch the rubber rope with a glider fixed and they throw the glider in the air while running with the rope. This system is not used any more. Another system is to start a glider using a winch placed on a tow tractor or another powerful vehicle. Because of the construction of a glider and its long wings which use to draw a glider to one or another side and one or another wing uses to rest on the ground we get the second problem of gliders, namely movement on the ground. Movement of a glider on the ground always requires a lot of human assistants to balance the glider, and a lot of expensive equipment.

Currently, the most used system of how to get a glider in the air is using a tow plane. However, when preparing a glider on the ground or during a start, several human assistants must be involved to balance the glider and to move it.

A motor glider was developed to cut down operation costs and to facilitate handling. But after the motor stops, it has no such good performance as a classic glider because of disturbed aerodynamic cleanness and it may not participate in classic challenges in non-powered flying. Moreover, balancing of long wings is not addressed, they use to lay on the ground while the glider is parking. The wing also must be balanced during the start of motor gliders, either using human assistants or additional wheels on the ends of glider wings. The current types of electric-motor gliders used are those with a motor in the glider nose; with a hinged motor on a pylon behind the cockpit; with a motor in a tail fin or with a motor behind the cockpit under or above the body. Beside aerodynamic cleanness, another limiting factor in propulsion of a glider is the size of a propeller. The propeller is usually placed in front of the aircraft fuselage and its size must be selected taking into account a low landing gear of a glider and banking of a glider during start or landing. The propeller must be shorter than the gap between the glider nose and the ground. Such a propeller has not adequate output for comfort propulsion of a glider, and moreover the output is delayed by some 20 to 30 seconds after intervention in control.

In its classic design, a glider has two wheels one behind another in a single axis. In order for the current glider to get out from a hangar in the air and continue to climb using thermic rising currents and then glide there, this requires several people and an expensive equipment and facilities. Currently, the gliders are balanced by the power of a human assistant who guides a glider by a wing from the moment when being stored in a hangar and going to such a speed when a glider can be controlled by flaps.

Another method of how to balance a glider is using a landing gear that has two wheels in the front under the cockpit and the third steerable wheel is under the tail. This solution is applied when a glider is powered or when a pilot is aware that no assistance is available in the airfield. The disadvantage is that the landing gear has marked drag and that it is susceptible to damage which can result in damaging the whole glider. Manufacturers of motor gliders also use tricycle landing gears, which are produced in workshops but it results in a change of the body shape, and therefore also the drag increases. Utilisation of a tricycle landing gear with the third wheel in the front is rare.

Another solution used is application of a classic bicycle landing gear and small wings on wings ends, and they support the glider when the glider tilts. The small wheel on the wing end prevents the wing from rubbing against the ground and it allows at least cranky movement of the glider initiated by the human assistant. The additional small wheel on the glider wing end, however, interferes with the aerodynamic cleanness of the glider. Description of the Invention

The subject hereof is a new unique take-off system allowing movement and balancing of a glider while moving on the ground and while speeding up during the start and take off of a glider, without assistance of other persons or delivering external force that allows forward movement. The new system can be installed on the current gliders, or used in production of new gliders.

The action of the take-off system can address both the key problems of handling with gliders: How to get in the air without external assistance and how to move on the ground without external assistance and without damaging the glider. When the glider reaches the required height, the take-off system is switched-off and because of its position in a zone of aerodynamic calm, the idle take-off system does not affect the aerodynamic profile of the glider which allows the glider to perform the classic gliding flight with the minimum drag.

The take-off system for gliders contains two main parts: the balance system and the drive system. Both the systems when idle are positioned in a zone of aerodynamic calm, and thus the take-off system keeps aerodynamic cleanness of a glider in flight.

The balance system serves to balance long wings of a glider and raising the wing which is supported by the ground in case of a standing glider and the glider cannot be moved until it is raised. The balance system is positioned symmetrically against the body of the glider on the bottom side of both wings of the glider, on free ends of the glider wings, in the distance from the body 1/3 of the glider wing length, at least. The balance system consists of two, at least, balance propellers or two, at least, outlets of manifold of an impeller. The balance propeller or the impeller or the impellers are linked to an electric motor with output in order of units of kilowatts that serves as the driving segment for the balance propeller or the balance impeller. These electric motors are driven by accumulators, and it is advantageous if via control and regulation electronics, and it is advantageous if the electric motor and accumulators are also used for glider propulsion.

The diameter of the balance propellers is always selected taking into account the depth of the wings of the glider, or of the model glider, of the flying glider target or of the glider drone. The balance propeller has its diameter less than is the depth of the wing of the glider in the point where the centre of the balance propeller is positioned. It is advantageous if the balance propeller has diameter 15 to 50 cm.

The balance propeller has unlimited number of blades. Depending on the electric motor output, or rather on the tractive force of the unit balance propeller + the electric motor, it is possible to use a two, at least, blade propeller as the balance propeller. The number of blades is not limited, it is possible to use a propeller with more than 5 blades. The balance propeller is positioned on the bottom side of the glider wing because of aerodynamic cleanness, and it is advantageous if the balance propeller is positioned in an aerodynamic shield - for example in a slide-out part of the wing or in a pylon positioned on the bottom side of the wing. Or it is advantageous if the balance propeller is integrated in the wing and covered with a cover plate or it is advantageous if it is positioned in a vertical through hole in the wing of a glider covered with cover plates from both the sides. If the balance propeller is sunk in the wing it is advantageous if the sunk hole is reinforced. If the balance propeller is positioned in the through hole in the wing it is advantageous if the through hole is reinforced. If the balance propeller is positioned in the slide-out ends of the wing it is advantageous if the slide-out end of the wing is reinforced.

The balance propeller is positioned horizontally on/in the wing of a glider, thus parallel to the wing plane, while the rotational axis of the balance propeller is perpendicular to the wing plane. Covering and uncovering of sunk balance propellers or balance propellers positioned in through holes in wings with cover plates and also controlling of balance propellers, or rather of their electric motors is performed manually or automatically using stabilisation electronics. Also the wing ends are drawn-out and -in manually or automatically using stabilisation electronics when the balance propellers are positioned in the slide-out ends of the wings .

The impeller(s) is(are) positioned in any part of the glider, it is advantageous if symmetrically with the glider, thus either a single impeller positioned in the centre with two manifold outlets positioned on the bottom side of free ends of the glider wings, or two impellers positioned in glider wings, each impeller with its own outlet of the manifold on the bottom side of free ends of the glider wings. It is advantageous if a propeller of an impeller is positioned perpendicular to the wing plane gliders, thus it is advantageous if the rotation axis of the propeller of the impeller is parallel to the wing plane. Each impeller is linked to an electric motor. The control of impellers, or rather of electric motors, is done manually or automatically using stabilisation electronics. The stabilisation electronics is controlled manually or automatically. The automatic control consists in using a gyroscope, and possibly of other sensors that provide information about tilt of a glider and about its velocity to the control electronics. The manual control is performed using levers positioned in the cockpit which control the control electronics of the balance electric motors via a potentiometer, and the link is either physical using guides or wireless, carried out using some common, wireless technique. The goal in using stabilisation electronics is to keep the glider in the horizontal position, from parking on the ground to take- off.

The propulsion system of a glider contains two pusher two-blade propulsion propellers with contra-rotating run that are positioned symmetrically on/in glider wings. In order to keep aerodynamic cleanness of a glider, the propulsion propellers when idle are positioned in an aerodynamic calm zone. The rotation axes of propulsion propellers are always parallel to the wing plane.

Folding propulsion propellers are positioned on the trailing edge of the glider wing. Fixed propulsion propellers are positioned in through vertical holes in glider wings. When idle, the folding propeller are folded behind the trailing edge of the wing which disturbs the aerodynamic cleanness of gliders least. The fixed propeller positioned in wings of a glider, when idle, are hidden in wings and the through hole in the wing is covered with cover plates of the propulsion propeller both on the top and bottom side of the wing. It is advantageous if two, at least, cover plates are also air-brakes of the glider.

The diameter of the propulsion propellers is always selected taking into account the size of the glider, or of the model glider, of the flying glider target or of the drone glider. The propulsion propellers have radius (or blade length) less than the shortest distance of the seating of the propulsion propeller centre from the notional link from the contact point of the landing gear and of the wing end minus 20% (in the front view, see Figure 12), and the contact point of the landing gear is the spot where the glider touches the ground with the landing gear, if it is idle on the ground, mostly thus the lower edge of the landing gear wheel. The propulsion propeller centres are on/in the wing positioned in the distance from the body of a glider longer than the blade length of the propulsion propeller. And also the centres of the propulsion propellers are positioned on/in the wing in the distance from the body less than ½ length of the glider wing.

Each propulsion propeller is linked to a motor which drives it. It is advantageous if the motor is an electric motor linked to an accumulator, and it is advantageous if this is via control and regulation electronics. It is advantageous if one motor is positioned centrally in the body of the glider and it drives the propulsion propellers through cardan shafts guided into both wings.

It is advantageous if the propulsion propellers positioned in through holes in wings of a glider have a sensor and a motor brake. After the propulsion propeller stops, the sensor shall determine the cover position of the propulsion propeller, thus the moment when the propulsion propeller is completely hidden in the wing and the longitudinal axis of the propeller is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the wing. In such a moment, the motor brake is activated, cover plates of the propulsion propeller hinge and the propeller stays completely aerodynamically hidden in the wing.

Figure 1 A shows a cross section of the wing with the balance propeller sunk and the electric motor according to Example 2. The balance propeller and the electric motor are covered with the cover plate for aerodynamic cleanness. The balance propeller takes the air from the space under the wing and drives it back under the wing with a larger force, and this way it can lift the wing from the ground. But the solution is much more advantageous which is presented in Figures 9 A, 9 B or 9 C where the balance propeller is not sunk in the wing but it is positioned together with the electric motor in a bracket of the electric motor in a through hole in the wing. Such a solution facilitates more efficient circulation of air, than the solution with the balance propeller sunk in the wing according to Figures 1 A, B or 1 C. Figure 1 B shows a longitudinal section through the wing with the balance propeller sunk and the electric motor according to Example 2. The balance propeller and the electric motor are covered with the cover plate for aerodynamic cleanness. Figure 1 C shows the wing with the balance propeller sunk and the electric motor according to Example 1 from under. In such a case the balance propeller with the electric motor is not covered with any cover plate, and this does not affect function of the solution but harms aerodynamic cleanness of the balance system.

Figure 2 A shows a cross section of the wing with the impeller and the electric motor positioned in the space of the wing. The impeller meets the same function as the balance propeller, it drives air through manifold that has the outlet on the bottom side of the wing, and lifts the wing. Figure 2 B shows a longitudinal section through the wing and Figure 2 C, view of the wing with manifold outlet from under.

Figure 3 shows an advantageous solution how to place the balance propeller. In such a case, the balance propeller positioned together with the electric motor in a bracket of the electric motor, and this is positioned in a slide-out part of the wing, or rather it slides in the wing. Such a solution is fully clean concerning aerodynamics, the balance propeller will slide out from free ends wings only if required so and when idle they slide back into the wing. Figure 3 A shows the end part of the wing slide-out, Figure 3 B shows the end part of the wing slide- in.

Figure 4 shows combination of the propulsion and balance system, thus the take-off system for gliders fitted on the trailing edge of the wing. In such a case the take-off system consists of the balance system carried out with an impeller where the manifold outlet of the impeller is positioned on the bottom side of the wing, and of the propulsion system carried out with a folding propulsion propeller. All this is covered with an aerodynamic shield. When idle, the propulsion propeller is folded and the whole take-off system fixed to the wing generates the minimum drag.

Figure 5 shows propulsion propellers positioned on the glider wings. In this actual case, the propellers are positioned close to the glider body, they are linked to the electric motor directly and the motor is linked to the accumulator directly. The accumulators are positioned in the wings, so as not to harm the aerodynamic cleanness of the glider.

Figure 6 A shows a cross section of the wing with a fixed folding propeller linked to the electric motor, and the electric motor is hidden in an aerodynamic shield and it is linked to the central accumulator of the glider. When active - that means when taxiing on the ground or during take-off, the propulsion propeller is unfolded, when idle the propulsion propeller is folded and so it generates the minimum drag. In Figure 6 B, the electric motor is positioned in the space of the wing and its shaft guides behind the trailing edge of the wing, where a folding propeller is fitted. The benefit of such a solution is that the position of the electric motor in the wing decreases drag. Figure 6 C shows such a solution when idle.

Figure 7 A shows position of a fixed propulsion propeller in a through hole in the wing of the glider. The through hole is covered from both the sides with cover plates for aerodynamic cleanness when the propulsion propeller is idle. A propulsion propeller positioned in through holes in the wing of a glider in another view is in Figure 7 B. As soon as the propulsion propeller is required, cover plates open, the propulsion propeller starts turning due to the electric motor positioned in the wing of the glider and this enables the glider to move - such a condition is presented in Figure 7 C, and in another view, in Figure 7 D. One among the option how to improve aerodynamics of such a solution is the slide-out part of the wing with the trailing edge - marked with an arrow in Figure 7 D. Before the propulsion propeller stars action, this part of the wing slides-out and cover plates form into an arrow-like shape oriented to the centre of the propulsion propeller - as shown in Figure 7 E. Such a solution shows a better aerodynamic profile both in action, and if idle when the propulsion propeller is stopped in the hide-position in the wing and covered with cover plates, due to the sensors positioned in the through hole in the wing of the glider and the brake of the electric motor.

Figure 8 shows a hand-held drive pylon with a folding propulsion propeller. It is possible to place such a take-off system on a current glider with the minimum intervention in its structure. The pylon is fixed using a long fixing strip reinforced in the spot of the trailing edge and in the spot where the strip touches the aerodynamic shield of the pylon. In the latter spot, the strip is fixed using a locking bolt that passes through a fastening strap, through the aerodynamic shield of the pylon into the glider wing.

Figure 9 A shows the position of the balance propeller in the through hole in the glider wing, as discussed in Figure 1. The through hole is covered by cover plates which are positioned on hinges - Figure 9 A shows closed covers when the balance propeller is idle, and Figure 9 B shows open covers when the balance propeller is active. Another option how to fix the cover plates are rails on which the plate shifts to cover and uncover the through hole, as shown in Figure 9 C.

Figure 10 is similar to Figure 4 but in this case a balance propeller positioned on the bottom side of the wing is used as the balance system.

Figure 11 shows a transferable propulsion pylon fixed to the wing of a glider with four locking bolts next to the wing spar. Like the solution in Figure 8, this solution presents the minimum intervention in the structure of the glider and, for example, it allows to utilise a competition glider also for fun flying when a simple structural adaptation can adapt a competition glider - add the take-off system so that also the competition glider can move, and possibly to balance own wing and, above all, take-off. When idle, the take-off system is positioned in an aerodynamic calm zone and thus is does not harm the aerodynamic properties of the glider.

Figure 12 shows a scheme of dependence between the propulsion propeller position and its size. As the size of the propulsion propeller is limited by the shortest distance between the position of the propulsion propeller centre and the line connecting the contact point of the landing gear of the glider with the end of the wing of the glider less 20%, it is evident that the farther the propulsion propeller is positioned on the wing from the body of the glider, the less it must be. It is advantageous if then the output of the propulsion propeller motor is raised, so that the required power of the assembly of the propulsion propeller and its motor is reached. Figures 13 A, B and C present hand-held propulsion systems for a RC model of a glider positioned in a pylon with folding propulsion propellers positioned symmetrically on the glider wings.

Summary of presented drawings

Fig. 1 A Wing with balance propeller sunk and electric motor covered with cover plate in cross section, according to Example 2;

Fig. 1 B Wing with balance propeller sunk and electric motor covered with cover plate in longitudinal section, according to Example 2;

Fig. 1 C Bottom view of wing with balance propeller sunk, without a cover plate, according to Example 1;

Fig. 2 A Wing with an impeller integrated, with outlet hose terminated on bottom side of wing, in cross section, according to Example 4;

Fig. 2 B Wing with integrated impeller, with outlet hose terminated on bottom side of wing, in longitudinal section, according to Example 4;

Fig. 2 C Bottom view of wing with integrated impeller, with outlet hose terminated on bottom side of wing, according to Example 4;

Fig. 3 A Top/bottom view of wing with balance propellers in slide-out end of wing - slide-out position, according to Example 3;

Fig. 3 B Top/bottom view of wing with balance propellers in slide-out ends of wings - slide-in position, according to Example 3;

Fig. 4 Wing with impeller integrated in a detachable pylon of propulsion system, with outlet hose terminated to bottom side of wing, in cross section, according to Example 8;

Fig. 5 Plan form of a glider with two utilised propulsion propellers, electric motors and accumulators positioned on wing, according to Example 5;

Fig. 6 A Wing with propulsion folding propeller fixed and electric motor positioned on trailing edge of wing with aerodynamic shield, cross section, according to Example 9;

Fig. 6 B Wing with propulsion folding propeller fixed and electric motor integrated in wing, aerodynamic shield, cross section, according to Example 10; Fig. 6 C Wing with propulsion folding propeller fixed and electric motor integrated in wing, aerodynamic shield, folded propeller, cross section, according to Example 10;

Fig. 7 A Wing with integrated propulsion fixed propeller in through hole in wing and electric motor positioned in wing running, propeller is idle at this time, parallel to wing plane, two tilt flaps of propulsion propeller, cross section, according to Example 11;

Fig. 7 B Wing with integrated propulsion fixed propeller in through hole in wing and electric motor positioned in wing running, propeller is idle at this time, parallel to wing plane, two tilt flaps of propulsion propeller, front view of aerodynamically clean glider, according to Example 11;

Fig. 7 C Wing with integrated propulsion fixed propeller in through hole in wing and electric motor positioned in wing running, propeller is now running, perpendicular to wing plane, two tilt flaps of propulsion propeller, front view of aerodynamically clean glider, according to Example 11;

Fig. 7 D Wing with integrated propulsion fixed propeller in through hole in wing and electric motor positioned in wing running, propeller is now running, perpendicular to wing plane, two tilt flaps of propulsion propeller in aerodynamic position, cross section, according to Example 11;

Fig. 7 E Wing with integrated propulsion fixed propeller in through hole in wing and electric motor positioned in wing running, propeller is now running, perpendicular to wing plane, trailing edge of wing is out and two tilt flaps of propulsion propeller positioned aerodynamically into an arrow oriented to propeller centre, cross section;

Fig. 8 Wing with detachable propulsion pylon- electric motor, folding propulsion propeller, fitting mechanism, aerodynamic shield, accumulator, cross section, according to Example 7;

Fig. 9 A Wing with balance propeller and electric motor positioned in through hole in wing, through hole covered with cover plates, in cross section, according to Example 6;

Fig. 9 B Wing with balance propeller and electric motor positioned in through hole in wing, through hole with opened cover plates, in cross section, according to Example 6;

Fig. 9 B Wing with balance propeller and electric motor positioned in through hole in wing, through hole with shifting cover plates, in cross section, according to Example 6;

Fig. 10 Wing with balance propeller and propulsion propeller integrated in aerodynamic shield of propulsion/balance system, in cross section, according to Example 12. Fig. 11 Wing with detachable propulsion pylon - electric motor, folding propulsion propeller, fitting mechanism - four locking bolts positioned close to wing spar, aerodynamic shield, cross section.

Fig. 12 Scheme of position dependence of propulsion propeller and its size.

Fig. 13 A Transferable propulsion system for RC model of a glider positioned in a pylon with folding propulsion propeller.

Fig. 13 B Transferable propulsion system for model of a glider positioned in a pylon with folding propulsion propeller positioned on glider wing.

Fig. 13 C Transferable propulsion systems for RC models of gliders positioned in a pylon with folding propulsion propellers positioned symmetrically on wings of gliders.

Examples of Invention Execution

Example 1 Balance system for gliders without a cover plate in recess

Four-blade balance propeller 8 with diameter of 15 cm has been fixed on shaft 16 of electric motor 3 with output 0.5 kW with 2 kg tractive force. The assembly of balance propeller 8 + electric motor 3 had height less than thickness of wing l of the glider in the point of central spar of wing 1. A recess was cut-out in the bottom side of wing 1 in its free end, 30 cm from the end of wing 1, of a classic non-powered competition glider with the wing length of 700 cm. The recess had dimensions larger than are dimensions of the assembly balance propeller 8 + electric motor 3. The recess was reinforced. Then the assembly of balance propeller 8 + electric motor 3_was fitted and fixed in the recess in wing 1, and the rotational axis of balance propeller 8 was perpendicular to wing plane 1 and electric motor 3 was linked to accumulator JJ_ and to control and regulation electronics. Thus the whole assembly of balance propeller 8 + electric motor 3 was sunk in the bottom side of wing 1 of the glider. The same approach was applied symmetrically in the other wing 1 of the glider. Figure 1 C shows the balance system in wing 1 of the glider.

In the static conditions, when the glider stays on the ground, the glider is supported on the ground with one wing 1 - Kz (kfidlo-zem, wing-ground). There are several ways how to balance wing 1. Either to lift Kz which lays on the ground, manually, and then to activate the balance system and/or to activate the balance system stepwise: first spin balance propeller 8 on Kz using the control and regulation electronics in the push direction. Kz which up to now was supported on the ground starts to rise slowly and wing 1 in the air - Kv (kfidlo-vzduch, wing-air) starts to drop slowly. In this moment also the second balance propeller 8 on Kv starts to turn, also in the push direction. Or it is possible to start balance propeller 8 on Kv in the pull direction first, and then Kv drops and Kz rises and then start balance propeller 8 in the pull direction and on Kz or to switch both the balance propellers 8 in the push direction. Both the balance propellers 8 thus stabilise the position of the glider with both wings 1 in the air and the glider can move on the ground either manually by power of a human assistant, or using a transferable propulsion motor (on a pylon according to the state of the art or according to Example 7). Example 2 Balance system for gliders in recess with cover plate

Two-blade balance propeller 8 with diameter of 30 cm has been fixed on shaft 16 of electric motor 3 with output 3 kW with 3.5 kg tractive force. Thus the assembly of balance propeller 8 + electric motor 3 had height less than 2/3 of thickness of wing l of the glider in point of central spar 21 of wing 1. A recess was cut-out in bottom side of wing 1 of a motorized glider drone with wing length of 500 cm in its free end, 300 cm from the rend of wing 1. The recess had dimensions larger than are dimensions of the assembly of balance propeller 8 + electric motor 3. The recess was reinforced along its perimeter. An electronically controlled cover plate 9 of balance propeller 8 was fixed to the edge of the recess oriented towards the front side of wing 1, in the level of the bottom side of wing I, and it aerodynamically covers the whole recess. Cover plate 9 moves on hinges or shifts on rails. Moreover, cover plate 9 was fixed using an electromagnetic lock, a mechanically controlled catch or a magnetic fixture. Then the assembly of balance propeller 8 + electric motor 3 was fitted and fixed in the recess in wing 1 and the rotational axis of balance propeller 8 was perpendicular to the wing plane 1 and electric motor 3 was linked to accumulator H and to control and regulation electronics. The same approach was applied symmetrically in the other wing 1 of the glider. Cover plate 9 provided for aerodynamic cleanness of the balance system. Figures 1 A and 1 B show the balance system in the wing of the glider.

In the static conditions, when the glider stays on the ground, the recesses in both wings 1 together with balance propellers 8 and electric motors 3 are fully covered with cover plates 9. The glider is supported on the ground with one wing l - Kz. There are several ways how to balance the wing. Either to lift Kz manually and then activate the balance system on both wings 1 at the same time, and/or to activate the balance system stepwise: in case that cover plate 9 moves on rails, it is advantageous to shift cover plate 9 on Kz and to proceed like in Example 1. In case that cover plate 9 is placed on hinges, first it is necessary to open cover plate 9 on Kv and start balance propeller 8 on Kv in the pull direction. Kv starts to drop and Kz to rise. Then also cover plate 9 on Kz is uncovered and balance propeller 8 starts in the pull direction on Kz or both balance propellers 8 are switched into the push direction.

Therefore both balance propellers 8 stabilise the position of the glider with both wings 1 in the air and the glider can move on the ground either manually by power of a human assistant, or using a transferable propulsion motor (according to the state of the art or according to Examples 5, 9, 10 or 11). Example 3 Balance system for gliders on slide-out part of wing

Twenty-blade balance propeller 8 with diameter of 50 cm has been fixed to the axis of electric motor 3 with output 5 kW with tractive force of 5 kg. The assembly of balance propeller 8 + electric motor 3 had height less than 3/5 of thickness of wing l of the glider in point of central spar 21 of wing T The assembly of balance propeller 8 + electric motor 3 was placed into reinforced holder 7 of electric motor 3. Wing I of a competition non-powered glider with length of 700 cm was adapted for the balance system in such a way that the free end part of wing I was adapted as slide-out one and reinforced, and bracket 7 of electric motor 3 with assembly of balance propeller 8 + electric motor 3 was installed in the slide-out part of wing T The rotation axis of balance propeller 8 was perpendicular to the wing plane T The length and width of the slide-out part of wing l was more than the diameter of balance propeller 8, thus 50 cm.

The slide-out part of wing l was linked to control and regulation electronics and controlled mechanically or electro-mechanically. Moreover, the slide-out part of wing 1 was fixed using an electromagnetic lock, a mechanically controlled catch or a magnetic fixture. The same approach was applied symmetrically in the other wing l of the glider. The slide-out part of wing 1 provided for aerodynamic cleanness of the balance system. Figures 3 A and 3 B show the balance system in a slide-out part of wing l of the glider.

In the static conditions, when the glider stays on the ground, the slide-out part of wing 1 with the balance system are completely slid-in on both wings T The glider is supported on the ground with one wing 1 - Kz. There are several ways how to balance wings T Either to lift Kz manually and then activate the balance system on both wings 1 at the same time and/or activate the balance system stepwise: first slide-out the slide-out part of wing 1 using the control and regulation electronics where wing 1 is in the air - Kv, and start balance propeller 8 in the pull direction in Kv using control of electric motor 3. Kv starts to drop slowly, and Kz which up to now was supported on the ground starts to rise slowly. At this moment the slide- out part of wing l on Kz is slid-out and also the second balance propeller 8_starts to turn. So both balance propellers 8 stabilise the position of the glider with both wings l in the air and the glider can move on the ground either manually powered by a human assistant, or using a transferable propulsion motor of the glider according to Example 7. Example 4 Balance system for gliders impellers

The body of impeller 4 is less than thickness of wing 1 of the glider in point of central spar 21 of wing 1 and it is positioned inside wing 1 of the glider together with electric motor 3 fitted in bracket 7 of electric motor 3. The rotation axis of impeller 4 was parallel to the wing plane 1 and impeller 4 was fitted with outlet manifold 5 terminated in outlet 6 of manifold 5 on the bottom side of wing 1 of the glider, 100 cm from the end of wing 1 with length of 700 cm. Electric motor 3 with output 2 kW was linked to the control and regulation electronics. The same approach was applied symmetrically in the other wing 1 of the glider. The aerodynamic cleanness of the balance system is provided through integration of the body of impeller 4 and of electric motor 3 in wing 1 of the glider. Figures 2 A, 2 B and 2 C show the balance system in wing 1 of the glider.

In the static conditions, when the glider stays on the ground, electric motors 3 for the balance system are off. The glider is supported on the ground with one wing 1 - Kz. First impeller 4 in Kz starts using the control and regulation electronics. Impeller 4 takes the air from the space of the wing 1 and drives air through outlet 6 of manifold 5 in the space under Kz. Thus Kz starts to rise slowly and Kv which up to now was in the air, drops slowly. Impeller 4 in Kv starts at this moment. Both impellers 4 stabilise the position of the glider with both wings 1 in the air and the glider can move on the ground either manually by power of a human assistant, or using a transferable propulsion motor (according to the state of the art or according to Examples 5, 9, 10 or 11) or using a transferable propulsion motor of the glider according to Example 7.

Example 5 Propulsion of glider on wing push propulsion

Electric motor 3 was installed on the trailing edge of wing 1 with length 700 cm of the glider, 70 cm from body 2 of the glider, and its rotary shaft 16 faces trailing edge 15 of wing 1 and it was equipped with folding two-blade propulsion propeller 22 with diameter of 120 cm. Electric motor 3 was linked either to central accumulator H of the glider or to driving accumulator JJ_ positioned on wing 1 of the glider (Fig. 5) next to electric motor 3. Both electric motor 3 and accumulator H were linked to control and regulation electronics. The same approach was applied symmetrically in the other wing 1 of the glider.

A glider with such propulsion can both move on the ground and leave the ground. But balance of wing 1 must be addressed, one side of a wing uses to lean against the ground when the glider stands on the ground. Balancing of wings 1 is either addressed using human assistants, with small wheels on wing ends l - see the state of the art and/or a balance system according to Examples 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 6.

Example 6 Balance system of glider through holes in wings

Eight-blade balance propeller 8 with diameter of 50 cm has been fixed on shaft 16 electric motor 3 with output 4 kW with tractive force 2.5 kg. The assembly of balance propeller 8 + electric motor 3 had height less than thickness of wing l of the glider in point of central spar 21 of wing 1. Vertical through hole 25 was cut in wing l of the glider with the length of wing 1 700 cm in its free end, 70 cm from the end of wing , and the vertical through hole 25 had the length and width bigger than was the diameter of balance propeller 8, thus 50 cm. Vertical through hole 25 was reinforced along its perimeter. Electronically controlled cover plates 9 of balance propeller 8 were fixed to the edge of horizontal through hole 25 oriented towards the back side of wing 1, in the planes of the bottom and top sides of wing 1, and they covered aerodynamically the full vertical through hole 25 in wing E Cover plates 9 moved on hinges or shifted on rails. Moreover, cover plates 9 were secured with an electromagnetic lock, a mechanically controlled catch or a magnetic fixture. Then the assembly of balance propeller 8 + electric motor 3 positioned in bracket 7 of electric motor 3 was fitted and fixed in the vertical through hole 25 in wing l and the rotational axis of balance propeller 8 was perpendicular to the plane of wing 1 and electric motor 3 was linked to accumulator H and to control and regulation electronics. The same approach was applied symmetrically in the other wing 1 of the glider. Aerodynamic cleanness of the balance system was provided by cover plates 9. Figures 9 A, 9 B and 9 C show the balance system in wing 1 of the glider.

In the static conditions, when the glider is on the ground, the vertical through holes 25 on both wings 1 together with balance propellers 8 and electric motors 3 are completely covered with cover plates 9. The glider leans against the ground with one wing 1 - Kz. There are several ways how to balance wings 1. Either lift Kz manually and then activate the balance system on both wings l at the same time, and/or activate the balance system stepwise.

So both balance propellers 8 stabilise the position of the glider with both wings 1 in the air and the glider can move on the ground either manually powered by a human assistant, or using a transferable propulsion motor (according to the state of the art or according to Examples 5, 9, 10 or 11) or using a transferable propulsion motor of the glider according to Example 7. Example 7 Transferable propulsion motor of glider on pylon on wings push motor

Electric motor with rotary shaft 16 was fitted with two-blade folding propulsion propeller 22 with diameter of 80 cm and connected to accumulator IE Both electric motor 3 and accumulator JJ_ were linked to the local control and regulation electronics controlled by a signal receiver. The control and regulation electronics also had a signal transmitter. Electric motor 3, accumulator JJ_ and electronics with the transmitter and the receiver were covered with aerodynamic shield 14 of the pylon. Shield 14 of the pylon had fixture 19, namely a long fixation strip with a locking bolt, or two lockable skids, or four, at least, locking bolts (Fig. 11) to fix the pylon to wing 1 of the glider. Figure 8 shows the push pylon positioned on wing i of the glider using the fixation strip with the locking bolt.

The classic competition glider was fitted with anti-leaning fixture 19, for example leaning preventing skids or holes to fix locking bolts symmetrically on the top side of wings 1, in the distance from body 2 bigger than the length of the blade of propulsion propeller 22 is. and also to satisfy the condition that the length of the propeller blade is by 20 % less than the shortest distance between the centre of position of propulsion propeller 22 and connection between the contact point 20 of the landing gear of the glider and the end of its wing. Two propulsion pylons were fixed to both wings 1 using fixture 19. The propulsion pylons are controlled by a paired integrated or hand-held transmitter and receiver, and the integrated transmitter and receiver can be integrated in the control unit of the glider. The glider can move on the ground and leave the ground with remotely controlled propulsion pylons but it is necessary to address balancing of wings 1 which use to lean against the ground. Balancing of wings 1 is either addressed using human assistants, with small wheels on wing ends 1 - see the state of the art, and/or a balance system according to Examples 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 6. A this way adapted glider is perfect for fun flying. The almost original condition of the glider can be reached through simple disassembly of the propulsion pylon, and then the glider can be used for competitions.

Example 8 Transferable take-off system for gliders with balance system impeller on wing pylon

Electric motor 3 with rotary shaft 16 was fitted with a two-blade folding propulsion propeller 22 with diameter of 110 cm and connected to accumulator IE At the same time, electric motor 3 linked to impeller 4 of the balance system was connected to accumulator H Impeller 4 was fitted with outlet manifold 5. Both the electric motors 3 and accumulator H were linked to the local control and regulation electronics controlled by a signal receiver. The control and regulation electronics also had a signal transmitter. Both the electric motors 3, accumulator JJ_, impeller 4 and electronics with the transmitter and the receiver were covered under aerodynamic shield 14 of the pylon, and outlet 6 of manifold 5 of impeller 4 terminated out from shield 14 of the pylon on its bottom side, next to propulsion propeller 22. Shield 14 of the pylon had fixture 19, namely a long fixation strip with a locking bolt, or two lockable skids, or four, at least, locking bolts to fix the pylon to wing 1 of the glider.

The classic competition glider was fitted with anti-leaning fixture 19, thus for example leaning preventing skids or holes to fix locking bolts, symmetrically on the top side of wings 1, in the distance from body 2 bigger than 1/3 of the wing length, less than ½ of the wing length, and also to satisfy the condition that the length of the propeller blade is by 20 % less than the shortest distance between the centre of the position of propulsion propeller 22 and connection between the contact point of the landing gear of the glider and the end of its wing. Two propulsion/balance pylons were fixed using fixture 19 to both wings 1. After the pylon was fixed on wing 1, outlet manifold 5 of impeller 4 terminated with outlet 6 under wing 1 between propulsion propeller 22 and trailing edge 15 of wing 1. Figure 4 shows the propulsion /balance pylon positioned on wing 1 of the glider. The propulsion /balance pylons are controlled by a paired integrated or hand-held transmitter and receiver, and the integrated transmitter and receiver can be integrated in the control unit of the glider. When using remotely controlled propulsion/balance pylons, it is possible to balance wing 1 of the glider because of the balance system - impeller 4 and also the glider can move on the ground and leave the ground because of propulsion - propulsion propeller 22. A this way adapted glider can be completely controlled by a single man using transmitters and receivers, without any help of other human assistants. And, such an adapted glider is perfect for fun flying. The almost original condition of the glider can be reached through simple disassembly of the propulsion/balance pylon, and then the glider can be used for competitions.

Example 9 Propulsion motor of glider on wings push motor

Electric motor 3 with rotary shaft \6 directed to trailing edge 5 of wing l was installed on trailing edge J_5 of 700 cm long wing 1 of a glider, 350 cm from body 2 of the glider and it was equipped with folding two-blade propulsion propeller 22 with diameter of 80 cm. Electric motor 3 was linked to central accumulator H of the glider. Electric motor 3 and accumulator 11 were linked to the control and regulation electronics. Electric motor 3 was covered by aerodynamic shield 14 (Fig. 6 A). The same approach was applied symmetrically in the other wing 1 of the glider.

A glider with such propulsion can move on the ground, and leave the ground but it is necessary to address balancing of wings 1 which use to lean against the ground. Balancing of wings I is addressed either using human assistants, with small wheels on wing ends 1 - see the state of the art, and/or a balance system according to Examples 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 6.

Example 10 Propulsion motor of glider on wings push motor

Electric motor 3 with rotary shaft B5 was installed in wing I of a model glider, 300 cm long, 40 cm from body 2 of the glider, and the shaft protruded out from wing 1 in point of trailing edge 15 of wing 1 and it was equipped with a folding two-blade propulsion propeller 22 with diameter of 70 cm. Electric motor 3 was linked to central accumulator H of the glider. Electric motor 3 and accumulator H were linked to control and regulation electronics. The described propulsion motor of the glider is presented in Figure 6 B.

A glider with such propulsion can move on the ground as well as leave the ground but it is necessary to address balancing of wings 1 which use to lean against the ground. Balancing of wings 1 is either addressed using human assistants, with small wheels on wing ends \- see the state of the art and/or a balance system according to Examples 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 6.

Example 11 Propulsion motor of glider in through holes in wings push motor

Vertical through hole 24 with length of 120 cm and width 30 cm was cut-out in wing 1 of a glider with length of 700 cm, 20 cm from body 2 of the glider and its edges and walls were cleaned to improve aerodynamics, and reinforced. Two cover plates 18 of propulsion propeller 22 were installed in such a way to cover vertical through hole 24 aerodynamically. Cover plates J_8 were either positioned on rails, or two cover plates 18 of propulsion propeller 22 were fixed with hinges to the edge of the hole on both the top and bottom sides of wing _L oriented towards the front side of wing 1, in the planes of the bottom and top sides of wing 1. Cover plates J_8 of propulsion propeller 22 were controlled electromechanically. Moreover, cover plates J_8 were secured with electromagnetic locks, a mechanically controlled catches or magnetic fixtures. Both cover plates 18 of propulsion propeller 22 on one wing 1, or rather all 4 cover plates J_8 of propulsion propellers 22 on both wings 1 can also operate as air-brakes of the glider within the landing operation.

Electric motor 3 was installed in wing 1 of the glider, 80 cm from the glider body, in the centre of the vertical through hole 24, and its rotary shaft 16 protruded out from wing 1 in the point of the through hole in the wing 1, in half of its length, and it was equipped with a fixed two blade propulsion propeller 22 with diameter of 100 cm. Electric motor 3 equipped with a brake of electric motor 3 was linked to central accumulator H of the glider. Electric motor 3 as well as accumulator JJ_ were linked to control and regulation electronics and to a position sensor of propulsion propeller 22. When propulsion propellers 22 stop, the sensor shall determine the right cover position of propulsion propeller 22 and it shall stop electric motor 3 using the brake. The described propulsion motor of the glider is presented in Figures 7 A and 7 B. The same approach was applied symmetrically in the other wing 1 of the glider.

A glider with such propulsion can move on the ground and leave the ground but it is necessary to address balancing of wings 1 which use to lean against the ground. Balancing of wings 1 is either addressed using human assistants, with small wheels on wing ends 1 - see the state of the art, and/or a balance system according to Examples 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 6.

Example 12 Take-off system for gliders - with balance system propellers on wings

Electric motor 3 was installed on trailing edge 15 of 500 cm long wing \ of the glider, 170 cm from body 2 of the glider, and its rotary shaft 16 directed to trailing edge T5 of wing \ and it was equipped with a folding two-blade propulsion propeller 22 with diameter of 80 cm. Electric motor 3 was linked to central accumulator H of the glider. Another electric motor 3 was also linked to accumulator JT and its shaft 16 was fitted with a four-blade balance propeller 8 with diameter of 20 cm. Both the electric motors 3 and accumulator H were linked to control and regulation electronics. Both electric motors 3 were covered by aerodynamic shield 14, and the electric motor 3 linked to balance propeller 8 was positioned on the bottom side of wing 1, and its shaft 16 protruded out from shield 14 perpendicular to the plane of wing 1 and balance propeller 8 fitted on shaft 16 was positioned horizontally, thus parallel to the wing plane. Electric motor 3 as well as accumulator H were linked to the control and regulation electronics. The same approach was applied symmetrically in the other wing 1 of the glider.

The propulsion /balance pylon positioned on wing 1 of a glider is presented in Figure 10. A glider with such a propulsion can move on the ground but it is necessary to address balancing of wings 1 which use to lean against the ground. Balancing of wings 1 is addressed either using human assistants, with small wheels on wing ends 1 - see the state of the art, and/or a balance system according to Examples 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 6.

Example 13 Propulsion motor of glider in through holes in wings push propulsion motor with centrally positioned combustion engine

A vertical through hole with length of 170 cm and width of 40 cm was cut-out in wing \ of the glider, 700 cm long, 50 cm from body 2 of the glider and its edges and walls were cleaned to improve aerodynamics, and reinforced. Two cover plates 18 of propulsion propeller 22 were installed in such a way to cover the through hole. Cover plates 18 were either positioned on rails, or two cover plates J_8 of propulsion propeller 22 were fixed using hinges to the edge of the hole on both the top and bottom sides of wing 1 oriented towards the front side of wing 1, in the planes of the bottom and top sides of wing 1. Cover plates 18 of propulsion propeller 22 were controlled electromechanically. Moreover, cover plates 18 were secured with electromagnetic locks, mechanically controlled catches or magnetic fixtures. Both cover plates 18 of propulsion propeller 22 on one wing 1, or rather all 4 cover plates 18 of propulsion propeller 22 on both wings 1 can also operate as air-brakes of the glider within the landing operation.

A cardan shaft from a centrally positioned combustion engine in body 2 of the glider was inserted in wing 1 of the glider, 135 cm from body 2 of the glider, to the centre of the through hole, and it protruded out from wing 1 in the point of the through hole in wing 1, in half of its length, and it was equipped with a fixed two-blade propulsion propeller 22 with diameter of 150 cm. The motor was linked to control and regulation electronics. The same approach was applied symmetrically in the other wing 1 of the glider.

A glider with such propulsion can move on the ground but it is necessary to address balancing of wings 1, which use to lean against the ground. Balancing of wings 1 is addressed either using human assistants, with small wheels on wing ends 1 - see the state of the art and/or a balance system according to Examples 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 6. List of marks for terms

1. Wing of a glider

2. Body of a glider

3. Electric motor

4. Impeller

5. Outlet manifold of impeller 4

6. Outlet of manifold 5

7. Bracket of electric motor 3

8. Balance propeller

9. Cover plate of balance propeller 8

10. Slide-out part of wing 1

11. Accumulator

12. Pylon

13. Blade of propulsion propeller 22

14. Aerodynamic shield

15. Trailing edge

16. Shaft of electric motor 3

17. Through hole

18. Cover plate of propulsion propeller 22

19. Fitting mechanism

20. Contact point of landing gear of a glider

21. Central spar of wing 1

22. Propulsion propeller

23. Centre of propulsion propeller 22

24. Vertical through hole of propulsion propeller 22

25. Vertical through hole of balance propeller 8

Application in Industry

The take-off system for gliders can be used for RC models of gliders, flying drones, glider drones, classic competition as well as for fun-flying gliders.