Techniques To Synthesize Greenhouse Gases (Docket Number AM-004WO)

Technical Field

The present invention generally relates to the capture and conversion of greenhouse gas emissions.

Background Art

[0001] As the world closes in on decarbonizing our planet, some industries' path to net zero is undetermined. Some suggest that combustible fuels that produce no greenhouse gases (such as hydrogen) can fulfill that need. The drawback to this strategy is that there is an energy penalty for transporting the fuel to the location where it gets used as well as the extra logistical challenges of storing different types of fuels. By capturing CO2 emissions onboard machines, and converting said CO2 onsite at refueling stations to liquid fuel, and using that fuel for machines, the environmental economics suggest that this path is an attainable path to net zero emissions in difficult to electrify industries.

Summary Of The Invention

[0002] The present invention provides a novel solution to removing exhaust from various sources, and converting the emissions (CO2) into a usable product.

[0003] One aspect of the present invention is a process for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from a CO2 emitting machine and converting the CO2 into an alcohol fuel. The process includes capturing CO2 emissions from an exhaust mechanism of the machine at a CO2 capture device on the machine. The process also includes transferring the CO2 emissions to an electrolyzer. The process also includes mixing the CO2 emissions with an electrolyte to create a CO2 aqueous mixture. The process also includes transferring the CO2 aqueous mixture to an electrochemical cell. The process also includes applying a voltage to the CO2 aqueous mixture within the electrochemical cell to generate an alcohol and byproducts. The process also includes separating the alcohol and byproducts to separate the alcohol from the byproducts. The process also includes collecting the alcohol for use as a fuel for the machine.

[0004] Another aspect of the present invention is a process for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the air and converting the CO2 into an alcohol fuel. The process includes capturing CO2 emissions from the air at direct CO2 capture facility. The process also includes transferring the CO2 emissions to an electrolyzer. The process also include mixing the CO2 emissions with an electrolyte to create a CO2 aqueous mixture. The process also includes transferring the CO2 aqueous mixture to an electrochemical cell. The process also includes applying a voltage to the CO2 aqueous mixture within the electrochemical cell to generate an alcohol and byproducts. The process also includes separating the alcohol and byproducts to separate the alcohol from the byproducts. The process also includes collecting the alcohol for use as a fuel for a machine.

[0005] The alcohol is preferably ethanol, methanol or 1 -propanol.

[0006] The machine is preferably at least one of a maritime shipping vessel, an agriculture equipment, a mining equipment, or a truck.

[0007] The CO2 capture device is preferably in flow communication with an exhaust mechanism for the machine.

[0008] Applying the voltage preferably occurs at an off-peak electricity time period.

[0009] The process optionally includes transferring the fuel to a storage tank for use by the machine. The storage tank is where existing refuelers add fuel.

[00010] The CO2 conversion preferably occurs where the offloading of the CO2 and refueling occurs.

[00011] The electrochemical cell is positioned within the electrolyzer. [00012] Separating the alcohol and byproducts is preferably performed using a membrane filtration process, a pervaporation process or a distillation process.

[00013] Separating the alcohol and byproducts is alternatively performed using a membrane filtration process, and a heat source utilized to oxidize the hydrogen is also utilized to expedite the membrane filtration process.

[00014] The electrolyte is preferably a solution of water and at least one of sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, lithium bicarbonate, rubidium bicarbonate, cesium bicarbonate or mixtures thereof.

[00015] Yet another aspect of the present invention is a process for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from a heavy duty truck and converting the CO2 into other carbon based products. The process includes capturing CO2 emissions from an exhaust mechanism of a heavy duty truck at a CO2 capture device. The process also includes converting the CO2 emissions into a carbonbased product using catalysis, such as an electrochemical process.

[00016] One method for converting the CO2 emissions into a carbon-based product includes transferring the CO2 to a CO2 catalyst component of the CO2 conversion device. The method also includes transferring water from a water tank of the CO2 conversion device to the CO2 catalyst component to mix with the CO2. The method also includes generating a voltage at the CO2 catalyst component to react the water with the CO2. The method also includes converting the CO2 to the carbon-based product. The method also includes filtering the carbon-based product and water through a membrane or other chemical separation device. The method also includes transferring the carbonbased product to a product tank and the water to the water tank.

[00017] Another method for converting the CO2 emissions into the carbonbased product includes transferring the CO2 to a CO2 to ethanol catalyst component of the CO2 conversion device. The method also includes transferring water from a water tank of the CO2 conversion device to the CO2 to ethanol catalyst component to mix with the CO2. The method also includes generating a voltage at the CO2 to ethanol catalyst component to react the water with the CO2. The method also includes converting the CO2 to ethanol, methanol and hydrogen. The method also includes filtering the ethanol, methanol, hydrogen and water through a membrane or other chemical separation device. The method also includes transferring the ethanol to an ethanol tank and the water to the water tank.

[00018] The process for includes transferring hydrogen and CO2 to a CO2 catalyst component, generating a voltage at the CO2 catalyst component to react the hydrogen with the CO2 to generate ethanol, and transferring the ethanol to the ethanol tank.

[00019] Yet another process for CO2 absorption or adsorption to conversion for end-consumer consumable. The process includes attaching a hose between a tailpipe apparatus of a tailpipe of a vehicle and a CO2 removal device or attaching the CO2 tank to the inlet of the device designated for CO2. The process also includes vacuuming the CO2 from the tailpipe apparatus of the vehicle to a CO2 catalyst component of the CO2 removal device. The process also includes transferring water from a water tank of the CO2 removal device to the CO2 catalyst component to mix with the CO2. The process also includes generating a voltage at the CO2 catalyst component to react the water with the CO2. The process also includes converting the CO2 with water to an endconsumer consumable. The process also includes transferring the endconsumer consumable to a consumable tank of the CO2 removal device.

[00020] Yet another aspect of the present invention is a process for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from an industrial facility and converting the CCh into other carbon based products. The process includes capturing CO2 emissions from an exhaust mechanism of an industrial facility at a CO2 capture device. The process also includes converting the CO2 emissions into a carbonbased product using catalysis, such as an electrochemical process. The exhaust mechanism preferably includes boilers and furnaces for industrial buildings. The industrial buildings preferably include cement plants, steel mills, power plants, ethanol refineries and any other industrial plants that emit CO2. Brief Description Of The Drawings

[0001] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a CO2 capture and conversion for a heavy duty truck.

[0002] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a mobile CO2 capture and conversion for a heavy duty truck.

[0003] FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for CO2 conversion.

[0004] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a CO2 capture and conversion for an industrial building.

[0005] FIG. 5A is a flow chart of a method for CO2 conversion to ethanol.

[0006] FIG. 5B is a flow chart of a method for CO2 conversion to ethanol.

[0007] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a CO2 capture and conversion process.

[0008] FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a CO2 capture and conversion for a tractor.

[0009] FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a CO2 capture and conversion for a cargo ship.

[00010] FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a CO2 capture and conversion for an excavator.

[00011] FIG. 10A is an alternative embodiment for the conversion step of the process of FIG. 5 A.

[00012] FIG. 10B is an alternative embodiment for the conversion step of the process of FIG. 5 A.

[00013] FIG. 10C is an alternative embodiment for the conversion step of the process of FIG. 5 A.

[00014] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a CO2 capture and conversion for a flex fuel passenger vehicle.

[00015] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a CO2 capture and conversion for a heavy duty truck to generate fuel for a flex fuel passenger vehicle.

[00016] FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a CO2 capture and conversion for a passenger vehicle. [00017] FIG. 14 is a flow chart of a method for CO2 conversion to ethanol.

[00018] FIG. 15 is a flow chart of a method for CO2 sorption to conversion for end-consumer consumable.

[00019] FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a vehicle and CO2 storage conversion device.

Best Mode(s) For Carrying Out The Invention

[00020] One embodiment of the invention is capturing emissions from heavy duty trucks and converting the CO2 into other products to refuel the heavy duty truck. Where the CO2 conversion process is via catalysis, such as an electrochemical process. Where the CO2 is converted into C1+ products defined as chemicals having 1 carbon atom. Where the CO2 is converted into C2+ products defined as chemicals having 2 carbon atoms. Where the CO2 is converted to an alcohol, an alkene, an aromatic, a hydrocarbon, or an alkane.

[00021] After it reacts with the CO2 -> Ethanol Catalyst, the isolated CO2 reacts with the solid catalyst and water, then ethanol bubbles inside of a solution composed of water.

[00022] FIG. l is a block diagram of a CO2 capture and conversion for a heavy duty truck 1000. The heavy duty truck 1000 is preferably a diesel powered truck. The heavy duty truck 1000 preferably has an onboard CO2 capture system 135 and stacked exhaust 1021a-b. The CO2 conversion process is preferably via catalysis, such as an electrochemical process, at a CO2 conversion component 700. The CO2 is converted into C1+ products defined as chemicals having a single carbon atom. The CO2 is converted into C2+ products defined as chemicals having two carbon atoms. The CO2 is preferably converted to an alcohol, an alkene, an aromatic, a hydrocarbon, or an alkane.

[00023] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a CO2 capture and conversion for a heavy duty truck 1000 to generate fuel for the heavy duty truck 1000. The heavy duty truck 1000 may have an onboard CO2 capture system 135. The

CO2 conversion process is via catalysis, such as an electrochemical process, at a CO2 to ethanol conversion device 700. The CO2 is converted into C1+ products defined as chemicals having a single carbon atom. The CO2 is converted into C2+ products defined as chemicals having two carbon atoms. The CO2 is converted to an alcohol, an alkene, an aromatic, a hydrocarbon, or an alkane. The converted CO2 chemical is used to fuel the heavy duty truck 1000.

[00024] FIG. 3 illustrates a flow chart for a method 600 for converting the CO2 emissions into a carbon-based product. At block 603, CO2 is transferred to a CO2 catalyst component of the CO2 conversion device at block 604. At block 602, water is transferred from a water tank of the CO2 conversion device to the CO2 catalyst component at block 604 to mix with the CO2. At block 601, voltage is generated for the CO2 catalyst component at block 604 to react the water with the CO2. At block 605, the CO2 is converted to the carbon-based product. At block 606, the carbon-based product and water is filtered through a membrane or other chemical separation device. At block 608, the carbonbased product is transferred to a product tank. At block 607, the water is transferred to the water tank. At block 609, a hydrogen byproduct from the water mixture is oxidized with an oxidizing agent to generate water and returned to the water tank at step 602.

[00025] The method preferably includes transferring hydrogen and CO2 to a CO2 catalyst component, generating a voltage at the CO2 catalyst component to react the hydrogen with the CO2 to generate ethanol, and transferring the ethanol to the ethanol tank. The method also preferably includes oxidizing the hydrogen to H2O using a heating element. The method also preferably includes transferring hydrogen and CO2 to a CO2 catalyst component, generating a voltage at the CO2 catalyst component to react the hydrogen with the CO2 to generate ethanol, and transferring the ethanol to the ethanol tank. The method also preferably includes oxidizing the hydrogen to H2O using a heating element.

[00026] FIG. 4 illustrates a process 850 for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from an industrial facility 820 and converting the CCh into other carbon based products. The process includes capturing CO2 emissions from an exhaust mechanism 825 of the industrial facility 820 at a CO2 capture device 830. The process also includes converting the CO2 emissions into a carbonbased product at a carbon conversion site 835 using catalysis, such as an electrochemical process. The exhaust mechanism 825 preferably includes boilers and furnaces for industrial buildings. The industrial buildings preferably include cement plants, steel mills and power plants. The industrial building may also be a commercial building or residential apartment building. The process may also be sized to use with a residential home.

[00027] FIG. 5 A illustrates a flow chart for a process 800 for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from a CO2 emitting machine and converting the CO2 into an alcohol fuel. At block 803, CO2 is transferred to an electrolyzer at block 804. At block 802, electrolytes are transferred from an electrolyte tank to the electrolyzer at block 804 to mix with the CO2. At block 801, voltage is applied to the CO2 aqueous mixture within the electrochemical cell at block 804 to react the electrolytes with the CO2. At block 805, the CO2 is converted to the alcohol and byproducts. At block 806, the alcohol is separated from the byproducts use a separation technique such as a membrane filtration process, a pervaporation process or a distillation process. At block 808, the alcohol is collected for use as a fuel for the machine. At block 807, the electrolyte byproducts are transferred to the electrolyte tank. At block 809, a hydrogen byproduct converted in oxygen or air to create water and a byproduct mixture, in which the water is recirculated into the electrochemical cell.

[00028] FIG. 5B illustrates a flow chart for an alternative process 851 for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from a CO2 emitting machine and converting the CO2 into an alcohol fuel. At block 803, CO2 is transferred to an electrolyzer at block 812. At block 811, unreacted CO2 is reintroduced into the CO2 stream at block 803. At block 802, electrolytes are transferred from an electrolyte tank to the electrolyzer at block 812 to mix with the CO2. At block 801, electricity is applied to the CO2 aqueous mixture within the electrochemical cell at block 812 to react the electrolytes with the CO2. At block 805, the CO2 aqueous mixture is converted to the alcohol, hydrogen and electrolyte. At block 806, the alcohol is separated from the byproducts using a membrane filtration process. At block 808, the alcohol is collected for use as a fuel for the machine. At block 807, the electrolyte byproducts are transferred to the electrolyte tank. At block 809, a hydrogen byproduct converted in oxygen or air to create water and a byproduct mixture, in which the water is recirculated into the electrolyte tank at block 802.

[00029] In another embodiment, CO2 from a CO2 inlet is transferred to a CO2 reactor. Electrolytes (water and bicarbonate) are transferred from an electrolyte tank to the CO2 reactor to mix with the CO2. Electricity is applied to the CO2 aqueous mixture within the reactor to react the electrolytes with the CO2. The CO2 aqueous mixture is converted to an alcohol, hydrogen and electrolyte. The alcohol is separated from the byproducts using a membrane filtration process. The alcohol is collected for use as a fuel for a machine. The electrolyte byproducts are transferred to the electrolyte tank. A hydrogen byproduct is converted in oxygen or air to create water and a byproduct mixture, in which the water is recirculated into the electrolyte tank.

[00030] FIGS. 10 A, 10B and 10C illustrate an alternative embodiment of conversion step of the process 800 of FIG. 5 A. As shown in FIGS. 10 A, 10B and 10C, the conversion step 805’ includes the use a member electrode assembly (MEA) 843, that preferably has an alkali anion exchange membrane or a proton-exchange membrane sandwiched between two electrodes, the cathode 840 and the anode 841. At block 844, CO2, and optionally an electrolyte, is introduced into the MEA 843. At block 845, a solid electrolyte is optionally included in the MEA 843. At block 846, H2O, and optionally an electrolyte, is introduced into the MEA 843. At block 847, CO2, electrolyte and products are transferred from the MEA 843. The products include alcohol such as ethanol or methanol. At block 848, H2O, electrolyte and products are transferred from the MEA 843.

[00031] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a process for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the air and converting the CO2 into an alcohol fuel using a direct air capture facility 860. The process includes capturing CO2 emissions from the air at direct CO2 capture facility. The process also includes transferring the CO2 emissions to an electrolyzer. The process also include mixing the CO2 emissions with an electrolyte to create a CO2 aqueous mixture. The process also includes transferring the CO2 aqueous mixture to an electrochemical cell. The process also includes applying a voltage to the CO2 aqueous mixture within the electrochemical cell to generate an alcohol and byproducts. Preferably, the CO2 is converted into greater than 80% ethanol and less than 20% hydrogen. The process also includes separating the alcohol and byproducts to separate the alcohol from the byproducts. The process also includes collecting the alcohol for use as a fuel for a machine.

[00032] The CO2 conversion process is preferably via catalysis, such as an electrochemical process or a photocatalytic process, at a CO2 conversion component 700. The CO2 is converted into C1+ products defined as chemicals having a single carbon atom. The CO2 is converted into C2+ products defined as chemicals having two carbon atoms. The CO2 is preferably converted to an alcohol, an alkene, an aromatic, a hydrocarbon, or an alkane. The converted CO2 is used to refuel a multitude of equipment and vehicles, including but not limited to, heavy duty trucks 1000, tractors 865, maritime vessels, such as cargo ships 870, and mining equipment, such as excavators 875.

[00033] FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a mobile CO2 capture and conversion for a tractor 865. The tractor 865 preferably has an onboard CO2 capture system 855. The CO2 conversion process is preferably via catalysis, such as an electrochemical process or a photocatalytic process, at a CO2 conversion component 700. The CO2 is converted into C1+ products defined as chemicals having a single carbon atom. The CO2 is converted into C2+ products defined as chemicals having two carbon atoms. The CO2 is preferably converted to an alcohol, an alkene, an aromatic, a hydrocarbon, or an alkane. The converted CO2 is used to refuel the tractor 865.

[00034] FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a mobile CO2 capture and conversion for a ship 870. The ship can be any type of container ships, general cargo ships, tankers, dry bulk carriers (chinamax, handymax, capesize, Suezmax, Q-max, etc.) multi-purpose vessels, reefer ships, roll-on/roll-off vessels, etc. The ship 870 preferably has an onboard CO2 capture system 855. The CO2 conversion process is preferably via catalysis, such as an electrochemical process or a photocatalytic process, at a CO2 conversion component 700. The CO2 is converted into C1+ products defined as chemicals having a single carbon atom. The CO2 is converted into C2+ products defined as chemicals having two carbon atoms. The CO2 is preferably converted to an alcohol, an alkene, an aromatic, a hydrocarbon, or an alkane. The converted CO2 is used to refuel the cargo ship 870.

[00035] FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a mobile CO2 capture and conversion for an excavator 875. The excavator 875 preferably has an onboard CO2 capture system 855. The CO2 conversion process is preferably via catalysis, such as an electrochemical process or a photocatalytic process, at a CO2 conversion component 700. The CO2 is converted into C1+ products defined as chemicals having a single carbon atom. The CO2 is converted into C2+ products defined as chemicals having two carbon atoms. The CO2 is preferably converted to an alcohol, an alkene, an aromatic, a hydrocarbon, or an alkane. The converted CO2 is used to refuel the excavator 875.

[00036] One embodiment of the invention is capturing emissions from heavy duty trucks and converting the CO2 into other products to refuel the heavy duty truck. Where the CO2 conversion process is via catalysis, such as an electrochemical process or a photocatalytic process. Where the CO2 is converted into C1+ products defined as chemicals having 1 carbon atom. Where the CO2 is converted into C2+ products defined as chemicals having 2 carbon atoms. Where the CO2 is converted to an alcohol, an alkene, an aromatic, a hydrocarbon, or an alkane.

[00037] Another embodiment is capturing emissions from heavy duty trucks and converting the CO2 into other products to refuel the heavy duty truck. Where the CO2 conversion process is via catalysis, such as an electrochemical process or a photocatalytic process. Where the CO2 is converted into C1+ products defined as chemicals having a single carbon atom. Where the CO2 is converted into C2+ products defined as chemicals having two carbon atoms. Where the CO2 is converted to an alcohol, an alkene, an aromatic, a hydrocarbon, or an alkane.

[00038] After it reacts with the CO2 -> Ethanol Catalyst, the isolated CO2 reacts with the solid catalyst and water, then ethanol bubbles inside of a solution composed of water.

[00039] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a CO2 capture and conversion for a flex fuel passenger vehicle 1100. The flex fuel passenger vehicle 1100 has installed an onboard carbon capture system 725 to capture and isolate pollutants and emissions. The emissions captured are CO2 gas. The CO2 gas is vacuumed/funneled/etc. to a CO2 to ethanol conversion device 715 unattached to the vehicle. The CO2 is converted into C1+ products defined as chemicals having a single carbon atom. The CO2 is converted into C2+ products defined as chemicals having two carbon atoms. The CO2 is converted to an alcohol, an alkene, an aromatic, a hydrocarbon, or an alkane. The converted CO2 is used to refuel the vehicle 1100.

[00040] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a CO2 capture and conversion for a heavy duty truck 1000 to generate fuel for a flex fuel passenger vehicle 1100. The heavy duty truck 1000 may have an onboard CO2 capture system 135. The CO2 conversion process is via catalysis, such as an electrochemical process or a photocatalytic process, at a CO2 to ethanol conversion device 715. The CO2 is converted into C1+ products defined as chemicals having a single carbon atom. The CO2 is converted into C2+ products defined as chemicals having two carbon atoms. The CO2 is converted to an alcohol, an alkene, an aromatic, a hydrocarbon, or an alkane. The converted CO2 chemical is used to fuel the flex fuel passenger vehicle 1100.

[00041] FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a CO2 capture and conversion for a passenger vehicle. The emissions captured are CO2 gas. The CO2 gas is vacuumed/funneled/etc. to a CO2 conversion device 725 unattached to the vehicle 1100. The CO2 conversion process is preferably via catalysis, such as an electrochemical process or a photocatalytic process, at the CO2 conversion component 725. The CO2 is converted into C1+ products defined as chemicals having single carbon atom. The CO2 is converted into C2+ products defined as chemicals having two carbon atoms. The CO2 is preferably converted to an alcohol, an alkene, an aromatic, a hydrocarbon, or an alkane. The storage tank, not shown, is preferably emptied weekly/monthly/by a chemicals company to utilize the chemicals.

[00042] FIG. 14 illustrates a method for converting CO2 emissions into ethanol. At block 703, the CO2 to is transferred to a CO2 to ethanol catalyst component of the CO2 conversion device at block 704. At block 702, water is transferred from a water tank of the CO2 conversion device to the CO2 to the ethanol catalyst component at block 704 to mix with the CO2. At block 701, a voltage is generated at the CO2 to ethanol catalyst component at block 704 to react the water with the CO2. At block 705, the CO2 to is converted to ethanol, methanol and hydrogen. At block 706, the ethanol, methanol, hydrogen and water is filtered through a membrane or other chemical separation device. At block 709, the ethanol is transferred to an ethanol tank at block 710. At block 707, the water is transferred to the water tank at block 702.

[00043] The method of FIG. 14 also preferably includes transferring hydrogen and CO2 to a CO2 catalyst component, generating a voltage at the CO2 catalyst component to react the hydrogen with the CO2 to generate ethanol, and transferring the ethanol to the ethanol tank. The method of FIG. 14 also preferably includes oxidizing the hydrogen to H2O using a heating element. The method of FIG. 14 also preferably includes transferring hydrogen and CO2 to a CO2 catalyst component, generating a voltage at the CO2 catalyst component to react the hydrogen with the CO2 to generate ethanol, and transferring the ethanol to the ethanol tank. The method of FIG. 14 also preferably includes oxidizing the hydrogen to H2O using a heating element.

[00044] As shown in FIG. 15, a method for CO2 absorption to conversion for end-consumer consumable is generally designated 750. At block 751, a hose is attached between a tailpipe apparatus of a tailpipe of a vehicle and a CO2 removal device. Alternatively, the hose is attached to a device placed within a trunk of the vehicle. Alternatively, the hose or an exhaust conduit is connected to a device placed anywhere on the vehicle. At block 752, the CO2 is vacuumed from the tailpipe apparatus of the vehicle to a CO2 catalyst component of the CO2 removal device. At block 753, water is transferred from a water tank of the CO2 removal device to the CO2 catalyst component to mix with the CO2. At block 754, a voltage is generated at the CO2 catalyst component to react the water with the CO2. At block 755, the CO2 with the water is converted to an end-consumer consumable. At block 756, the endconsumer consumable is transferred to a consumable tank of the CO2 removal device.

[00045] FIG. 19 illustrates a block diagram for a CO2 conversion system 100. The system comprises a vehicle 91, a CO2 removal device 89 and a hose 92 for connection between a CO2 tank tip 90 of the vehicle 91 and the CO2 removal device 89. The CO2 removal device 89 preferably comprises a consumable tank 98, a hose storage 93, a vacuum and other components (electrical outlet) module 94, a water tank 95, a control panel 96, an electrical inlet 97, and a CO2 catalyst 99. The water tank 95 is preferably removable, however in an alternative embodiment it is stationary/fixed. The vacuum component preferably serves three purposes: to transfer the CO2 from the vehicle to the CO2 catalyst 99; to transfer water from the water tank 95 to the CO2 catalyst 99; and to provide voltage to the CO2 catalyst 99. The consumable tank 98 is preferably fully removable or alternatively, partially removable (so that it isn’t carrying all of the consumable material, and only some of it is transferred to the removable section). The CO2 removal device

89 is preferably on wheels. In an alternative embodiment, the hose 92 and hose storage 93 are replaced with an inlet to allow CO2 from a CO2 tank to be disposed into the CO2 removal device 89.