TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention refers to a technological line for the processing of solid waste, which is designed for the purposes of ensuring environmental protection, human health and ensuring the rational use of natural resources.

BACKGROUND OF PRIOR ART

Municipal solid waste constitutes material mainly generated by human activity, originating mainly from households, as well as similar waste derived from administrative buildings, commercial sites, schools and other public sites, containing biodegradable materials that are incinerated in special installations. Municipal solid waste does not include construction waste, industrial waste or sewage waste.

The treatment of municipal solid waste is associated with the implementation of integrated actions aimed at their effective management and utilization of their energy potential. The foregoing entails collection, transportation, sorting, disposal, processing and recovery of waste through recycling, landfilling, biological treatment, heat treatment, etc.

The great diversity in terms of the type and composition of waste, as well as the nature and content of hazardous substances therein, determines the variety of methods and equipment designed for their thermal treatment. The common concept for the thermal processes is their carrying out at a temperature of above 300° C and the achievement of disposal and utilization of the solid household waste to generate energy and secondary raw materials.

Mixed solid waste of different composition and the fuel components separated by mechanical sorting, as well as separately collected combustible but non-recycled solid waste are subjected to thermal treatment. The most commonly used in practice are the methods of incineration; pyrolysis; gasification; combination of gasification and pyrolysis. Although less common, hydrothermal and microwave treatment technologies are also used. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective and inntention as set by the invention is to create a technological processing line for solid waste processing, which ensures the implementation of high-efficiency technology for the recovery of all waste originated from industry activities, agriculture and human life, as well as reducing the greenhouse emission impact and improving the ecological environment.

The problem was solved by creating a technological line for processing solid waste, which includes functionally and sequentially connected by shredder-breaker conveyor belts, metal separator, second separator for separation of glass and inert fractions, second shredder for additional shredding, hopper designed for intermediate storage of shredded waste, dryer, third separator for inert fraction, hammer mill, second hopper for temporary storage, dispenser with shutter and pyrolysis reactor. The pyrolysis reactor, on the one hand, by means of a gas conveyor is functionally connected to a cyclone connected to a filter for additional cleaning of gas mixtures, which is functionally connected to cooling columns connected to a gas filter connected to a gas hopper. The gas hopper is functionally connected to a power generating module. On the other hand, the pyrolysis reactor is operably connected to a pyrocarbon temporary storage hopper connected to a gasifier. The filter for additional cleaning of gas mixtures is functionally connected to the gasifier, and the cooling columns are functionally connected to a pyrolysis oil filter connected to a pyrolysis oil storage hopper, which is connected to the power generating module. The gas hopper is functionally connected to both the first and the second gas burners, feeding the pyrolysis reactor and the gasifier, respectively. The pyrolysis oil storage hopper is functionally connected to both the first and the second diesel burners, supplying the pyrolysis reactor and the gasifier, respectively. The gasifier is functionally connected to an ash storage hopper.

The advantage of the created technological processing line for processing of solid household waste rests with the provided opportunity for realization of highly efficient technology for management and utilization of all waste derived from industry, agriculture and human life. The use of the created technology also leads to reduction of the impact of emission of greenhouse gases, reduction of harmful emissions, thus helping to improve the ecological environment and human health. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The current invention is illustrated in the attached figure 1, which represents a schematic diagram of a technological line for the processing of municipal solid waste, according to the invention.

EXAMPLES OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

The created technological line for processing of solid household waste, shown in Figure 1, includes functionally and sequentially connected by shredder-breaker conveyor belts, metal separator 2, second separator intended for separation of glass and inert fractions 3, second shredder for additional shredding 4 , hopper for intermediate storage of shredded waste 5, dryer 6, third separator for inert fraction 7, hammer mill 8, second hopper for temporary storage 9, dispenser with shutter 10 and pyrolysis reactor 11. The Pyrolysis reactor 11, on the one hand, is functionally connected by means of a gas conveyor to a cyclone 12 connected to a filter for additional cleaning of gas mixtures 13, which is functionally connected to cooling columns 14 connected to a gas filter 15 connected to a gas hopper 16, which is functionally connected to a power generating module 17. On the other hand, the pyrolysis reactor 11 is operably connected to a pyrocarbon temporary storage hopper 18 connected to the gasifier 19. The filter for additional cleaning of gas mixtures 13 is functionally connected to the gasifier 19, and the cooling columns 14 are functionally connected to the pyrolysis oil filter 20, which is connected to a pyrolysis oil storage hopper 21 connected to the power generating module 17. The gas hopper 16 is functionally connected as to first 11a and second 19a gas burners feeding the pyrolysis reactor 11 and the gasifier 19 respectively, and the pyrolysis oil storage hopper 21 is functionally connected to both the first lib and the second 19b diesel burners feeding the pyrolysis reactor 11 respectively and the gasifier 19, which is operably connected to an ash storage hopper 23.

The created technological line is used in the following manner.

The delivered solid household waste enters the shredder-breaker 1 for the purposes of their shredding. From the shredder 1 through the conveyor belt the waste passes through the metal separator 2, where the metals are separated, then again through the conveyor belt they enter the second separator for separating glass and inert fractions 3, where glass, soil, stones are separated. The treated waste passes through the second shredder 4 for additional shredding, then enters the hopper for intermediate storage of shredded waste 5. From the hopper 5 the waste is dosed to the dryer 6, where after drying it passes through the third separator for inert fraction 7 and access the hammer mill 8 for crushing to the required size. Then, the shredded waste enters the second hopper 9 for temporary storage before entering the dispenser with a shutter 10, which dispenses the amount of raw materials entering the heat treatment in the pyrolysis reactor 11. The pyrolysis reactor 11 decomposes household waste to obtain fuel raw materials as pyrolysis, pyrolysis oil and gas.

The pyrocarbon obtained from the decomposition of household waste in the pyrolysis reactor 11 through an auger conveyor enters the temporary storage hopper of pyrocarbon 18, which in turn feeds gasifier 19. In the gasifier 19 pyrocarbon is converted into gas, which is transported to reach the gas hopper 16 for storage.

The gas-pyrolysis mixture, as a product of the pyrolysis in the pyrolysis reactor 11 , enters the cyclone 12 through a gas conveyor, which cleans it of coarse particles. From the cyclone 12 this mixture is moved to the filter for additional cleaning of gas mixtures 13, where the residue - pyrocarbon is transported to the gasifier 19, where it is converted into gas, and the residue representing ash is separated and stored in the ash storage hopper 23. Ash can be used as an additive in the production of concrete elements, as a compost and soil improver, or as an aggregate. The gas mixtures cleaned from the filter 13 are transported to the cooling columns 14, which cools them and divide them into liquid and gaseous mixtures. The gaseous mixture is filtered in the gas filter 15 and transported to the gas hopper 16 for gas storage. The gas hopper 16 feeds the gas burners 11a and 19a, which support the combustion process in the pyrolysis reactor 11 as well as in the gasifier 19, and feeds the power generating module 17. The liquid mixture, consisting of pyrolysis oil, from the cooling columns 14 is filtered in the pyrolysis oil filter 20 and is transported to the pyrolysis oil storage hopper 21, which on the one hand supplies the power generating module 17 and on the other hand feeds the diesel burners l ib and 19b which support the operation of the pyrolysis reactor 11 and the gasifier 19.