TECHNOLOGY OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE ISOLATION IN IRRIGATION

WATER USES

Definition: It is a technology that activates the surface tension force of irrigation water in the horizontal direction, beyond the force of gravity and the force of evaporation.

Description of the invention:

This invention works on two mechanisms at once:

1 - irrigation channels buried under the surface at a depth (55 - 60) cm works to isolate the movement of water from the pressure of soil and distributed water the length of irrigation channels according to a physical absorption as is common in traditional methods.

2 - Alternating channels with irrigation channels parallel to the same in depth, was developed to manufacture a vacuum under the surface for the purpose of deflating the air and isolation from atmospheric pressure, It is called Interstitial channels.

Indication to the previous uses

Nowadays, there are different irrigation methods in order to provide the necessary moisture for soil, plant development and to provide solutions against short-term droughts. The main principle in irrigation methods is to ensure that water is spread to the most areas with minimum loss. Some of the irrigation methods applied in the current system are as follows.

Keel irrigation method (wild irrigation); In this irrigation method, the water taken from the field channel to the field parcel is left to spread randomly over the land along the parcel. As the water proceeds on the soil surface, it enters the soil by infiltration and is stored in the plant root zone. In this embodiment, the slope in the irrigation direction should not exceed 3% and there should be no slope perpendicular to the irrigation. This method is used in places where irrigation water is abundant and there is no irrigation culture. In this type of irrigation, the water loss is too low and the irrigation efficiency is very low. In addition, a uniform water distribution on the field surface cannot be achieved and may cause erosion.

Pan (pond) irrigation method; The field parcel to be irrigated is divided into slope-lower parcels by turning with soil sediments. These sub parcels are called pans. The water taken from the beginning of the field, channel is given to these pans in one or several places. Here the land for irrigation is already divided into pans. It is used to irrigate commonly sown cereals, forage crops and orchards. In this method, a water source with a flow rate over 30 1 / s is needed for the pounding of the water in the pan in a short time. In addition, controlled irrigation should be performed and drainage measures should be taken in order to prevent too much water to enter and penetrate deeply. The most negative aspect of this method is the high water consumption and irrigation time.

Furrow irrigation method; In this method, small canals called furrows are opened between the rows of plants and water is given to these furrows. As the water moves along the furrow, it enters the soil by infiltration and is stored in the root area of the plant. During irrigation, a large number of furrows can be fed according to the current flow rate. Furrow irrigation is used in field crops, vegetables, orchards and vineyards planted or planted. Since the plants are made to the ridges on the furrow, there is no wetting of the plant root throat. Therefore, it is the most suitable irrigation method in terms of irrigation efficiency, water saving and plant diseases compared to ordinary irrigation and pan irrigation. However, the application of this irrigation method in salty soils is extremely inconvenient. Because as water moves through furrow, water rises towards furrow ridges with capillarity and causes salt condensation in the root area of the plant, causing damage to plants.

Non-pressurized irrigation systems; Buried under ground, pressure 0.8 atm. systems are less than. In these systems, water distribution is performed by delivering the water left to the user without pressure by sockets or valves. Therefore, in terms of irrigation practice and user, there is no difference between conventional open channel network or duct system. The only difference is that the transmission system is closed. Since closed pipe systems are buried, there is no loss in agricultural land compared to open channel and canalized systems. The expropriation area is reduced compared to other networks, operation and maintenance costs are low, there is no grazing problem. In the irrigation area, the art structure is very small compared to canals and canals. Therefore, conditions are more favorable for machine farming. The construction period is much shorter and there are no restrictive factors such as whether the season is summer or winter; Considering the quality of construction, pipes, fittings etc. are better quality because they are manufactured in the factory as standard, ie construction elements can be inspected at the source from the factory. Of course, the service life of the plant is longer. In addition, the length of the network is further reduced due to the fact that there is no problem in the construction of the facility or following the field boundary. Transmission efficiency is higher than open systems. Evaporation losses are almost negligible.

Sprinkler Irrigation; method, the irrigation water given to the air under pressure from the sprinkler heads placed at certain intervals on the land falls from the surface of the land and entered into the soil by infiltration and stored in the plant root zone. This form of water application is similar to natural rainfall is called the sprinkler method. In order to supply water under pressure from the nozzles, a pressurized piping system must be provided and the operating pressure must be provided either by the pump unit or by gravity if the water supply is high.

Drip irrigation; The basic principle of drip irrigation is to give small amounts of irrigation water to the environment where only the plant roots develop frequently, without creating a stress caused by lack of moisture in the plant. In this method, sometimes more than one irrigation per day or even a day can be done. In drip irrigation, the purified water is conveyed to the dripper placed near the plant by a pressure pipe network and delivered from the dripper to the soil surface under low pressure.

Note ;

The so-called modern irrigation techniques imported from the states of study and industry is a major national disaster in the dry areas and semi- dry in accordance with a digital studies attached with the scientific research because of the radical difference in the environmental and climatic conditions prevailing in the dry areas and semi- dry about those prevailing in the study and manufacturing areas, and the consequent disastrous negative effects on the returns of water unit resulting from a lack of air saturation into water, and difference of the ability of heat absorption between the water and the soil , and High rate of evaporation with increasing soil compaction.

Technology of invention:

It is known in the language of soil that the power of physical adsorption is the weakest force among the forces that influence the movement of water in soil, it is under the influence of the force of gravity on the side and the strength of evaporation on the other side, that is making most of irrigation water lost between a deep leakage and strong evaporation.

Therefore, the activation of the physical adsorption of agricultural soil and its use in irrigation applications is considered a scientific breakthrough in solving irrigation problems and providing fresh water to serve all mankind, especially in arid and semi-arid areas.

The scientific basis of this innovation is that the soil pores are not a vacuum; they either are contain water or air. Thus, the deflation of the air from the walls touching the interfaces into channels and isolation them from the atmospheric pressure activate the surface tension of the capillary tubes that pull water from the area surrounding in the irrigation channels to the surrounding area in the interstitial channels , as clarified by camera buried beneath the surface at the same depth during the experimental research, as follows:

- When the air or what the rest of the available water is emptied from the interstitial channels with continuous isolation from atmospheric pressure, that is the air is first discharged from the walls of the interstitial channels from 1 to 5 cm , then gradually extended up to 5-15 cm. the nucleus of surface tension , where begin to form a series of capillary tubes, whose strength increases and extends its horizontal extension gradually with continuous unloading air from the interstitial channels and isolation from atmospheric pressure then high surface tension connected series start with expansion into The capillary tubes to moved horizontally from the area saturated with the water surrounding the irrigation channels to the surrounding areas in the interstitial channels due to the height of the surface tension strength in soil at depth more than 30 cm. that means is not necessary to emptying of air the entire area between the irrigation channels . but is sufficient emptying the air or the remaining available water (15-20 cm) from the walls touching the interstitial channels to generate connected series of high surface tension capillary tubes which works to tension the water horizontally the greater the distance of emptied in the walls of the interstitial channels .the surface tension within the capillary tubes increasing and water movement accelerating in the horizontal direction, as in the process of the transpiration of trees . The more transpiration the stronger the surface tension, and generated connected series of high tension surface tubes working to lift sap against the gravity , and the more transpiration the stronger the surface tension and sap movement accelerated .

In addition to activating the surface tension through the empting of air from the interstitial channels and isolation from atmospheric pressure a second force was created by creating a hole inside the discharge cylinder isolated from the movement of irrigation water, where it works to pumping air into the irrigation channels , by Which resulted in doubling the atmospheric pressure in the irrigation channels versus the low pressure in the interstitial channels, which helped to accelerate the formation of connected series of high surface tension capillary tubes heading in the horizontal direction due to difference of pressure differential between the irrigation channels and interstitial channels. the experimental research showed an increase in the area irrigated horizontally on both sides of the irrigation channels between (1.3 - 2.5) m, according to the field capacity of the soil, in addition to the physical adsorption in the traditional methods, so that the distance became between Irrigation channels (4 - 7.5) m according to a homogenization coefficient (95%) according to the neutron probe to measure soil moisture content.

It is likely that this distance will be further widened with the continuation of experimental research where It is found that in the case of saturation, either by doubling the water discharge or doubling the number of irrigation hours for 14 hours instead of 8 hours with the discharge stability ,The water velocity increases horizontally and the irrigated distance widens between the irrigation channels without loss of water through deep leakage due to the emergence of a surface tension force greater than the force of gravity a result of the expulsion of air bubbles remaining in the dry soil in the form of lenses and pockets .

Note: In addition to the above, the strength of additional physical adsorption was activated by mixing the pumice powder with soil up to a depth of 50 cm. but the evaporation force activate due to the severe absorption to water by the pumice, there is also a possibility of drying the roots of the plant in droughts seasons. So permanently was excluded from app.

In the drawings:

1- Tank, 2- filter, 3- water pump, 4- tablo,5- faucet2, 6- faucetl,7- irrigation tube, 8- irrigation cylinder, 9- insulation cylinder, 10- alternating channel, 11 -irrigation tube, 12- unloading tube, 13- air pressure hole, 14- Hole, 15-secondary tube, 16-discharge hole, 17- longitudinal section of the irrigation channel, 18- top section of the irrigation channel, 19- irrigation channel, 20- bottom waterproof mat ,21- soils, 22- polyethylene material with pebbles 23- top waterproof mat 24- irrigation cylinder 25- insulation cylinder 26- connecting tube 27- cross section of the insulation cylinder 28- longitudinal section of the insulation cylinder, 29- connecting tube 1 ins 30- coiled cover, 31- interstitial ( alternating) channel, 32- insulation cylinder, 33- soils, 34- waterproof mat, 35- polyethylene material with pebbles, 36- longitudinal section of the insulation channel, 37- waterproof mat 38- soils, 39- polyethylene material with pebbles, 40- bottom of the channel.

the practical importance:

1 - Activating the physical adsorption of the soil in the horizontal direction

2 - High irrigation efficiency and homogenization coefficient to 95% in the months of drought

3 - Increase production in the unit area

4 - help to dry the soil and prevent of roots rot in areas with high rainfall.

5 - Acceleration of growth, formation and production as a result of the possibility of heating the soil in the growth season.

6. Appropriate for environmental and climatic conditions in dry and semi-arid areas

7. Long-term validity without any expenditure.

Detailed Description:

1. Irrigation channels (19) : They are subterranean channels at a depth of ( 55-60 ) cm with a horizontal bottom covered with an impermeable mat of polyethylene to prevent the deep leakage of water and to achieve homogenization coefficient along irrigation channels. The width of the channel is (15) cm and its extended is between (200 - 100 )m according to the topography of the area and the area to be irrigated .The slot of polythene texture is (4 - 5) Cm in order to lay the insoluble stone at ( 20 - 25 )cm high and then is covered with an impermeable mat to prevent the soil from leaking into the gravel.

2 - Discharge cylinder (8) : the length of the cylinder 36 cm and diameter 3 inch, the sides of the outside to ensure that it does not retain water and collect the roots, the party connected with the gravel within the channels of irrigation directly. There is a small cylinder 7 cm in the discharge cylinder with a discharge hole (16) on each side. The diameter of the holes of discharge is calculated according to the pressure difference in all irrigation channels according to a standard scale of ( 20 - 50 ) dzms In order to achieve homogenization coefficient in all discharge cylinders, it was obtained for three years based on different pressures and topography of the area along the irrigation pipes Secondary education. The discharge holes are separated from the irrigation water flow by a pipe along the secondary connecting line (15) . This pipe is connected to a half-inch pipe along the secondary pipe for the purpose of connecting the irrigation channels to the air pressure by pumping the air for 2-3 hours after completion of the irrigation period inside the irrigation channels, to increase the atmospheric pressure in the irrigation channels and accelerate High- tension pipe form in the high saturation area, which is the area around the irrigation channels, thus expanding the irrigation area through the capillary pipe chains generated by air empting and atmospheric isolation in the interstitial channels.

3 - Interstitial channels: are alternating channels (10) with irrigation channels and parallel to them, width 15 cm and have the same irrigation channels, embedded in the same depth and have the same dimensions and specifications except the horizontal bottom and the bottom mat . They are channels made to create a vacuum in the soil (21) to achieve the possibility of air empting and isolating from atmospheric pressure connected to the discharge and isolation network at each channel.

4 - Discharge and insulation network: A set of conic insulation cylinders (24) (2 - 3 - inch) connected to the pebbles at each intersection with the poles and plastic pipes (1) Inches, embedded in the same depth Accompanying the primary and secondary conduit . The network is connected in the atmospheric pressure through separate tubes from the irrigation group, where it is connected to a 1-inch tube which connects to the air discharge device and isolates the air pressure at the beginning of the grid and continues to be connected with the insulation cylinder which is directly connected to

Water Recycling System:

This invent works to an irrigation system via plastic pipes buried under the surface as follows:

1 - main connecting pipe (4-8) inch, according to the area of the area to be irrigated, located in the middle at a depth of (55 - 60) cm, accompanied with the 1 inch isolate tube located on the same depth.

2 - An initial connecting tube (3 - 4) inches connected to the main tube with a valve, also accompanied by the same depth with the 1 inch tube connected to the main tube with a valve.

The distance between the primary pipes (100-200) m . With the possibility of connecting the main pipe with the first pipe without valves in the case of small areas to be irrigated. 3 - a secondary discharge pipe (1 - 2) inch accompanied by the same depth a isolate pipe 1 inch in the same channel.

Note 1 :

The air cannot be pumped into the irrigation channels during the irrigation period, because discharge will be completely stopped due to higher pressure within irrigation channels than atmospheric pressure.

Note 2:

The discharge of air from the interstitial channels and isolation from the air pressure shall start before an hour of irrigation, in order to prepare the area between the irrigation channels and the interstitial channels of the response. The isolation and discharge shall continue within 2-3 hours after the irrigation period has been completed.

Industrial Application

1. Production of high pressure resistance pipes in both groups (irrigation group - discharge and insulation group).

2 - Production of discharge pipes and insulation diameters not exceeding (1-2) inch because the resistance to pressure is inversely proportional to the diameter of the tube.

3 - Production of spherical or semi spherical gravel to provide the largest amount of space within the channels, through the manufacture of a device of 2 tons revolves around a vertical axis, containing within the bars of orthogonal steel (16) mm Spiral fully spiral spindles manufacturing spherical gravel during the rotation, And then graduated to the sieve taken from the equal size at the diameter of 2 cm, it is the appropriate sizes of irrigation channels and interstitial channels .