BACKGROUND

[0001] Embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to cold chain distribution systems, and more specifically to a method and an apparatus for monitoring temperature in cold supply chains.

SUMMARY

[0002] In an aspect, the invention includes electrical conductors affixed to containers in respective patterns that enables a set of containers to be arranged in a particular configuration in which the electrical conductors provide electrical connections between electrical conductors and, in aggregate, creates a sensing network that is operable to measure temperature of respective ones of the containers.

[0003] The invention also features apparatus operable to implement the method described above and computer-readable media storing computer-readable instructions causing a computer to implement the method described above.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0004] FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a set of containers for transporting perishable goods.

[0005] FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a set of containers arranged in a stacking order.

[0006] FIG. 3 is diagrammatic view of a stacked set of containers providing wired network connectivity between the containers.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0007] In the following description, like reference numbers are used to identify like elements. Furthermore, the drawings are intended to illustrate major features of exemplary embodiments in a diagrammatic manner. The drawings are not intended to depict every feature of actual embodiments nor relative dimensions of the depicted elements, and are not drawn to scale.

[0008] FIG. 1 shows a set of containers 10, 12, 14 for transporting perishable goods. Perishable goods may include fruits, vegetables, grains, beans, nuts, eggs, dairy, seed, flowers, meat, poultry, fish, and pharmaceuticals. The containers 10, 12, 14 typically are configured to be stacked on one another. In some examples, the containers includes shapes or features, such as grooves, notches or recesses that enable the containers to be stacked in a precise stable alignment. The containers 10, 12 14 also are associated with different types of electrical routing segments 16, 18, 20.

[0009] In some examples, the electrical routing segments 16, 18, 20 are affixed to the exterior surfaces of the containers 10, 12, 14. In some of these examples, each of the electrical routing segments 16, 18, 20 includes a respective adhesive layer (e.g., a pressure sensitive adhesive) on one side with an optional overlying release layer that can be easily removed. In these embodiments, the electrical routing segments 16, 18, 20 can be affixed to the containers 10, 12, 14 by removing the release layers and pressing the electrical routing segments onto the sides of the containers. In some examples, the electrical routing segments 16, 18, 20 are affixed to or embedded in the containers 10, 12, and 14 during manufacture.

[0010] In some embodiments, each electrical routing segment 16, 18, 20 defines a respective routing path 22, 24, 26. For example, the routing segment 16 on the container 10 defines a vertical routing path that extends from the bottom of the container 10 to the top of the container 10. The electrical routing segment 18 defines a vertical routing path and a leftward routing path. The electrical routing segment 20 defines a vertical routing path and a rightward routing path. Other electrical routing segment configurations are designed to cover all permutations.

[0011] Referring to the exploded view of FIG. 2, the containers 10, 12, 14 may be stacked on top of one another with the terminal ends of the electrical routing segments extending over bottom and top portions of the respective containers with the terminal ends of the adjacent electrical routing segments on adjacent containers overlapping in precise alignment.

[0012] Each electrical routing segment 16, 18, 20 includes one or more electrical conductors, wires, or traces. In some embodiments, the one or more electrical conductors, wires, or traces are within a protective sheath or casing, which may be made of plastic. In other embodiments, the one or more electrical conductors, wires, or traces are not protected by a sheath or casing.

[0013] As shown in FIG. 2, the top terminal end 28 of the electrical routing segment 16 on container 10 and the bottom terminal end 30 of the electrical routing segment 32 on a container 34 have respective pairs of contact terminals 36, 38 that are used to interconnect the routing segments 16 and 32. In some examples, this process is repeated until all the boxes are interconnected by respective electrical connection topologies. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the top terminal end 20 of the electrical routing segment 26 on a container 14 and the bottom terminal end 30 of the electrical routing segment 32 on a container 34 have respective pairs of contact terminals 37, 39 that are used to interconnect the routing segment 26 with the routing segments 16, 26, and 32.

[0014] FIG. 3 shows a stack 40 of containers that are interconnected by a network of electrical routing segments.

[0015] In some examples, the terminal ends of the electrical routing segments 16 and 32 between containers are electrically connected to a capacitor that includes a dielectric material between electrically conducting plates. In these examples, the input ends of the electrical routing segments 16 and 32 are connected to a source of an alternating voltage to measure temperature as a function of the impedance of the capacitor, which depends on the dielectric properties and the design of the capacitor.

[0016] Referring to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the network circuitry is implemented with at least two electrical conductors, wires, or traces that define respective electrical paths from a master device to each of a set of peripheral devices and a logic circuit to select an electrical path to the target container. The master device includes a master processor (CPU) that controls the peripheral devices. The peripheral devices include respective peripheral processors (CPUs) and respective universally unique identifiers (UUIDs). In some embodiments, each peripheral device is associated with a respective temperature sensor that is located in a respective one of the containers. In some examples, the master device and each of the peripheral devices communicates with each other over two-wire connections. In operation, the master device sends a request to a peripheral device associated with a target temperature sensor. In response to the request, the peripheral device reads one or more

temperature sensor values from the associated temperature sensor. The peripheral device then sends a reply containing the UUID of the peripheral device and the one or more temperature sensor values to a memory device or to the master device.

[0017] In some examples, the master device is equipped with Bluetooth® wireless communications technology to communicate the reported temperature measurements to a user or a network service. [0018] In some embodiments, instead of measuring temperatures of the containers, the network circuitry includes a logic circuit to select an electrical path to a target container and an associated violation detection circuit associated with each peripheral device. In general, the violation detection circuit is configured to detect one or more instances in which ambient conditions compromise the quality of perishable, fresh, chilled/frozen foods, beverages, and temperature sensitive biomedical and

pharmaceutical products. An example violation is an instance in which the temperature measured within a transport vehicle is greater than a threshold level. In this example, a sensor that includes two opposing electrically conducting strips separated by an electrically insulating material that has a conductivity that increases with temperature and creates a short circuit between electrically conducting strips in response to the temperature exceeding the threshold level. In some embodiments, the time of the violation is recorded automatically by either the master device or the peripheral device associated with the violation detection circuit.

[0019] In response to a violation, the master device is operable to check each row of containers for the violation using triangulation. In some embodiments, instead of measuring temperature at any point in time, the master device transmits signals over the wired connections to locate the source of the violation.

[0020] Examples of the subject matter described herein, including the disclosed systems, methods, processes, functional operations, and logic flows, can be implemented in data processing apparatus (e.g., computer hardware and digital electronic circuitry) operable to perform functions by operating on input and generating output. Examples of the subject matter described herein also can be tangibly embodied in software or firmware, as one or more sets of computer instructions encoded on one or more tangible non-transitory carrier media (e.g., a machine readable storage device, substrate, or sequential access memory device) for execution by data processing apparatus.

[0021] The details of specific implementations described herein may be specific to particular embodiments of particular inventions and should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any claimed invention. For example, features that are described in connection with separate embodiments may also be incorporated into a single embodiment, and features that are described in connection with a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple separate embodiments. In addition, the disclosure of steps, tasks, operations, or processes being performed in a particular order does not necessarily require that those steps, tasks, operations, or processes be performed in the particular order; instead, in some cases, one or more of the disclosed steps, tasks, operations, and processes may be performed in a different order or in accordance with a multi-tasking schedule or in parallel.

[0022] Other embodiments are within the scope of the claims.