Background of the Invention

Several tempering systems use the solar collectors for the heating of heat transferring media, such as air, water, and antifreeze mixtures. The most frequent problem occurring during their using is danger of potential overheating which can result in damage of the collector, or damage of other component of the heating system. Due to the fact that the heat transferring medium from the collector directly heats the heat reservoir, the solar collector works at higher temperatures. In stationary states, when the heat transferring fluid does not flow in the system, temperatures increase to such values that the collector itself can be damaged. The opposite situation occurs, when the collector is used at lower temperature of the surrounding environment, and thus heat obtained from the collector is not able to balance the heat loss of the whole system.

Subject Matter of the Invention

Said insufficiencies are remedied by the present invention residing in the fact that the absorber of the solar collector is used as the heat pump vaporizer in the tempering system. The pressurized heat transferring medium is supplied to the absorber via the controlled expansion valve. Due to the change of volume and pressure proportions the heat transferring medium expands and absorbs the heat accumulated by the absorber, and thus it works effectively at the temperature range which cannot be used by the classical collectors. When there is too much heat from sun, the opposite phenomenon occurs. In such situation the control system closes the blinds reflecting the substantial part of the radiation to the surrounding space, and the heat intake is directed off the object - cooling. Consequently, the tempering system arranged by this way works at lower temperature regimes than the systems using direct heating of the heat transferring medium in the solar collectors, and it obtains higher temperatures of the heat transferring medium. Thereby some advantages are provided, such as using of the collectors also at lower temperatures or in worse weather; possibility to use non-traditional materials for the absorber (plastics); using of the collectors during the transitional periods and in winter, when it is not possible to use the classic systems (except vacuum collectors) for heating.

The solution of the invention brings the advantage of using the solar collectors in the broader time and temperature ranges, and using of non-traditional materials for the solar collector absorber, which materials provides the characteristics of new quality (e.g. corrosion resistance), and potential savings (e.g. using of cheaper plastics instead of expensive metals). In the same time the proposed system equipped with the continuous regulation of absorber exposition (by the motor-operated blinders which can be internal or external) eliminates some risks arising, when using the classic solar collectors, particularly overheating resulting in the material deformation, and even damage of the collector. The invention combines and multiplies the ability of the solar collector to accumulate and transform solar radiation to heat, and the ability of the heat pump to transform heat from lower temperature values to higher temperatures.

The subject matter of the proposed solution resides in using of the solar collector as the primary or secondary heat pump circuits, and protection against the excess heat by external or internal blinds regulating input of radiation to the solar collector. When using the external cooler, the proposed tempering system has the character of air conditioning, because it can both heat and cool the tempered object.

Description of Drawings

Figure 1 depicts the basic connection scheme of the solar collector absorber as the heat pump vaporizer for heating of the tempered object.

Figure 2 depicts the connection scheme of the solar collector absorber as the heat pump vaporizer with the powerful cooler for option to choose heating or cooling of the tempered space. Figure 3 depicts the connection scheme of the solar collector absorber as the heat pump vaporizer with the powerful cooler for option to choose heating or cooling of the tempered space, where both the collector and the external cooler are in the secondary circuit with the independent circulation pump.

Examples of the Invention Embodiments

Example 1

Using of the proposed tempering system only for heating of the tempered object 9 (fig. 1 ). The solar collector 1_ having external or internal blinds 7 is directly connected with the heat pump 6 in such way that cooling agent 5 is injected into the inner space 4 of the heat absorber 2 via inlet 8 through the expansion valve 3. In the heat absorber 2 the cooling agent 5 expands and absorbs heat from the solar collector 1_. Then it is pressed by the heat pump 6 and forced to the high pressure circuit running through the heat exchanger 15, in which it delivers the concentrated heat, and it flows back to the solar collector 1 through the expansion valve 3. The heat transferring medium 17 _, (such as water, water with ethylene glycol, or non-chained polyolephines) is forced through the separate circuit by the circulation pump 1_1_, and it heats the tempered object 9. After obtaining a desired temperature in the heat exchanger .15, the control system 14. partially closes the blinds 7 of the solar collector 1_, and thus regulates the input of the excess heat into the tempering system, and prevents its overheating. In case of power outage, or in case of the high excess of heat, it closes the blinds 7 completely. The control system 4 obtains information about the state of the whole tempering system from the net of light and heat and pressure sensors localized in the key positions of the whole system.

Example 2

Using of the proposed tempering system in the mild climate zone, where it works in cooperation with the effective cooling, and the control system 1_4 chooses the heating regime, or cooling of the tempered space 9 (fig. 2). Heat absorber 2 of the solar collector 1, and the heat exchanger 1_6 for cooling form the parts of the low pressure circuit of the heat pump 6, and the cooling agent 5 takes their heat and concentrates and delivers it to the heat exchanger 1_5 for heating. The excess heat is removed from the system by the external cooler 1_3 placed outside the tempered object 9. Cooling panels in the tempered object 9, as well as its heating circuit are independent, and the circulation of the heat transferring medium 17_ is provided by the circulation pumps V\_. The three-way valve 12 secures switching of the heat transfer either to the tempered object 9, or its diverting outside, to the external cooler 13.

Example 3

Using of the proposed tempering system which can be applied for example in already existing objects heated by the solar collectors (fig. 3). The high pressure circuit as well as the low pressure circuit of the heat pump 6 have their independent heat exchanger 15 for heating and heat exchanger 1_6 for cooling. In the secondary cooling and heating circuits the heat transferring medium _17_ is used, so there is not such need of the cooling agent 5 as in the above Examples. The heat pump 6 transfers heat from the heat exchanger 1_6 for cooling, and concentrates it in the exchanger 1_5 for heating of the tempered object 9. Position of the three-way valve V2 determines, whether heat is taken from the solar collectors 1, or from the cooling panes in the tempered object 9. Position of the three-way valve 2 in the heating circuit of the heat exchanger 15 also determines, whether the concentrated heat goes to the tempered object 9, or to the external cooler 13. When the tempered object 9 is cooled, the blinds 7 of the solar collector 1 are closed, and reflect the solar radiation off the solar collectors 1, and thereby prevent their overheating. The whole tempering system, settings of the controlled expansive valve 3, the position of the three-way valve 12, and the blinds 7 are determined by the control system 14 with the net of light, heat and pressure sensors positioned in the whole proposed tempering system.

Example 4

Using of the independent external blinds 7 at any solar collector 1 as protection against overheating. The blinds 7 have their own control, and they are independent from the existing control system. The blinds protect the collector against the overheating, and reflect the excess radiation off the collector.

Example 5

Using of said system for obtaining of the heat balance of the exterior walls of the building objects for transferring the heat from southern heated walls to cold northern walls. In this case the solar collectors 1 are fixed at the southern wall of the tempered object 9, and the external coolers .13 in the form of panels are fixed at the northern side of the tempered object 9. Industrial Applicability The invention is applicable for employing the solar energy and the atmospheric heat for heating, while reducing thermal stress of the materials of the solar collector, widening both time interval (during the whole year) and the temperature range (also at the environment temperatures close to or lower than 0 °C) of its using.