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Title:
THERMAL IMAGING CAMERA SYSTEM AND METHOD OF USE
Document Type and Number:
WIPO Patent Application WO/2014/152746
Kind Code:
A1
Abstract:
A portable, thermal imaging camera system comprising a thermal imaging camera. The thermal imaging camera has a camera housing, a microprocessor within the housing, the microprocessor configured to manipulate and convert the thermal image data to a format representing an image. The thermal imaging camera also has a display mounted to the housing, the display capable of displaying a real-time image of the thermal image data once manipulated and converted by the microprocessor to form the image. The thermal imaging camera also has a thermal imaging lens component comprising an extension body with a lens and a sensor grid network held within the body. The grid network has an array of heat sensors, the heat sensors each generating a heat sensor signal output that is proportional to the heat sensed through the infrared radiation passing through the lens to the grid network. The heat sensor signal outputs represents thermal image data, the body of the lens component being separate and distinct, and manipulated independent of the housing of the camera, and the image data being conveyed from the thermal imaging lens in the extension body to the microprocessor in the camera housing.

Inventors:
PATTERSON JASON M (US)
PARKULO CRAIG MICHAEL (US)
LANDIS JEFFREY LYNN (US)
THOMPSON DARIN KYLE (US)
TOPF TONY (US)
MALIN JERALD R (US)
BASSANI ERIC JAMES (US)
CARVER MONA ANN (US)
Application Number:
PCT/US2014/027688
Publication Date:
September 25, 2014
Filing Date:
March 14, 2014
Export Citation:
Click for automatic bibliography generation   Help
Assignee:
SCOTT TECH INC (US)
International Classes:
H04N5/225
Foreign References:
US7157705B22007-01-02
US7402802B12008-07-22
USD652440S2012-01-17
US7221402B22007-05-22
US6246321B12001-06-12
US8368001B22013-02-05
US6061014A2000-05-09
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
PRATT, Wyatt, B. (9 Roszel Road 1-110Princeton, NJ, US)
Download PDF:
Claims:
What is claimed is:

1. A portable, thermal imaging camera for search and rescue operations, comprising:

a housing, the housing having an elongated body with a lens image detection end and viewing end, the elongated body of the housing shaped and dimensioned to be gripable by hand;

a display located on the viewing end;

a thermal imaging detector located on the image detection end, the thermal detector configured to sense heat and generate thermal image data;

a microprocessor housed within the housing and configured to convert the thermal image data into a format to be displayed on the display;

a first set of switches on a first surface of the elongated body; and

a second set of switches on a second surface of the elongated body, the first and second sets of switches representing user inputs to control operation of the camera based on user manipulation of the switches.

2. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1 , further comprising a visible light camera housed within the housing in integral combination with the thermal imaging detector.

3. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1 , wherein the housing includes side surfaces shaped to fit against a palm of a user's hand with the user's fingers located proximate to one of the first and second sets of switches.

4. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1 , wherein the housing is elongated to extend along a longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axis extending between the image detection and viewing ends, the second set of switches being positioned adjacent one another on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis, the second set of switches being aligned along a transverse line oriented to traverse the longitudinal axis, the second set of switches be located proximate to the image detection end.

5. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1 , wherein the housing is elongated to extend along a longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axis extending between the image detection and viewing ends, the first set of switches being positioned along the longitudinal axis in line with one another.

6. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1 , wherein the housing is elongated to extend along a longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axis extending between the image detection and viewing ends, the second set of switches being positioned adjacent one another and transversely on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis, the first set of switches being positioned along the longitudinal axis in line with one another.

7. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1 , wherein the second set of switches are positioned adjacent one another and proximate to the image detection end, the first set of switches being positioned at an intermediate point along a length of the housing and in-line with one another.

8. A portable, thermal imaging camera system, comprising:

a thermal imaging camera, comprising:

a camera housing;

a microprocessor within the housing, the microprocessor configured to manipulate and convert the thermal image data to a format representing an image; and

a display mounted to the housing, the display capable of displaying a realtime image of the thermal image data once manipulated and converted by the microprocessor to form the image; and

a thermal imaging lens component comprising:

an extension body with a lens and a sensor grid network held within the body, the grid network having an array of heat sensors, the heat sensors each generating a heat sensor signal output that is proportional to the heat sensed through the infrared radiation passing through the lens to the grid network, the heat sensor signal outputs representing thermal image data, the body of the lens component being separate and distinct, and manipulated independent of the housing of the camera,

the image data being conveyed from the thermal imaging lens in the extension body to the microprocessor in the camera housing.

9. The camera system of claim 8, wherein the extension body forms a tubular shape that is configured to be held in one hand.

10. The camera system of claim 8, wherein the extension body may be held up to a predetermined distance away from the camera housing.

11. The camera system of claim 8, further comprising a handle connected to the camera housing for positional support.

12. The camera system of claim 8, further comprising a cable that electrical and physically interconnects the thermal imaging lens component and the camera, the cable including electrical conduit for communicating the heat sensor signal output, as thermal imaging data, from the lens component to the microprocessor.

13. The camera system of claim 8, further comprising a camera transceiver in the camera housing and an extension transceiver in the extension body, the camera and extension transceivers wirelessly conveying thermal imaging data from the thermal imaging lens component to the camera.

14. The camera system of claim 12, wherein the thermal imaging lens component is coupled to the camera through one of a flexible cable, a rigid encasement extension, and physically attached directly to the camera housing in a fixed position during use.

15. A hazardous conditions warning system, comprising:

an input configured to collect thermal imaging data from a thermal image capture device;

a detection module configured to analyze the thermal imaging data relative to select criteria to derive a level for one or more parameters related to the select criteria; a risk profile module configured to create a risk profile associated with the thermal imaging data based on the level for the one or more parameters; and

an alarm module configured to initiate an alarm in response to the risk profile.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein the risk profile is indicative of different levels of risk.

17. The system of claim 15, further comprising a thermal image capture device, a server or an incident command workstation, the detection and risk profile modules provided within at least one of the thermal image capture device, a server or an incident command.

18. The system of claim 5, further comprising transceivers provided within a thermal image capture device and an incident command workstation, the transceivers configured to maintain a communication link to transfer the thermal imaging data from the image capture device to the workstation.

19. The system of claim 15, further comprising a thermal imaging camera captures the thermal image.

20. The system of claim 15, further comprising a sensor for measuring environmental conditions.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein the sensor measures an environmental condition selected from the group comprising gas, sound, pressure, wind, and combinations thereof to generate non-image data.

22. The device of claim 21 , wherein the detection module analyzes the non- image data from the group comprising: gas type, gas concentration, barometric pressure, wind direction, wind speed, sound volume, sound frequency, sound volume, sound type, and data changes, and combinations thereof.

23. The device of claim 15, wherein the detection module analyzes non- image data relative to the select criteria, the select criteria being selected from the group comprising gas type, gas concentration, barometric pressure, wind direction, wind speed, sound volume, sound frequency, sound volume, sound type, and data changes, and combinations thereof.

24. The system of claim 15, wherein the detection module is configured to determine whether levels for one or more select criteria fall below, exceed or fall within critical parameters.

25. A hazardous conditions warning method, comprising:

collecting thermal imaging data from a thermal image capture device;

analyzing the thermal imaging data relative to select criteria to derive a level for one or more parameters related to the select criteria;

creating a risk profile associated with the thermal imaging data based on the level for the one or more parameters; and

initiating an alarm in response to the risk profile.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the risk profile is indicative of different levels of risk.

27. The method of claim 25, further comprising maintaining a communication link to transfer the thermal imaging data from an image capture device to an incident command workstation.

28. The method of claim 25, further comprising measuring environmental conditions selected from the group comprising gas, sound, pressure, wind, and combinations thereof to generate non-image data.

29. The method of claim 28, further comprising analyzing the non-image data in connection with defining the risk profile.

30. The method of claim 25, further comprising determining whether levels for one or more select criteria fall below, exceed or fall within critical parameters.

Description:
THERMAL IMAGING CAMERA SYSTEM AND METHOD OF USE

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[001] This application is an International PCT Application which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional Application No. 61/781 ,360, filed on March 14, 2013, U.S. provisional Application No. 61/787,497, filed on March 15, 2013, and U.S. provisional Application No. 61/813,740, filed on April 19, 2013, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[002] Embodiments herein relate to thermal imaging cameras (TIC) used by first responders. Embodiments herein also relate to a thermal imaging camera for extended remote thermal viewing by first responders, such as firefighters, for searching under collapsed building and into cracks where victims might be buried and risk assessment.

BACKGROUND

[003] The use of thermal imaging cameras in emergency situations is complicated by the arduous conditions experienced by the first responders, such as fire fighters. Generally the first responder has to negotiate multiple demands while wearing protective equipment in a dangerous environment. The equipment used by the first responder needs to be configured operationally and functionally to best aid the first responder in this difficult working environment.

[004] Currently some thermal imaging products, specifically in the fire service, have either internal image storage for download later and/or transmitter capability that sends imagery data to a receiver but with limited range. Additionally the fire market uses two hand-held tools, one for thermal imaging and one for gas detection. These devices are bulky and contain complex circuitry.

SUMMARY

[005] Embodiments herein include a thermal imaging camera having a first set of camera switches, such as buttons, on a first hand surface of the camera and a second button set on a second hand surface of the camera for single handed use by the first responder.

[006] Embodiments herein include the capture with a thermal imaging device of a first image together with the capture of a second image with a visible light camera of a second image for concurrent real-time and post-operational viewing.

[007] A hazardous conditions warning device has a thermal image capture, optionally a communication link to transfer the captured thermal image to a remote location, an algorithm for converting specified criteria for determining a critical parameter and an alarm initiated in response to determination of one or more critical parameters. More particularly, embodiments include a wireless transfer of image and video data from a thermal imaging camera to an outside receiver without range limitations. This allows real time viewing by an outsider without range limitations of the thermal image and integration of additional parameters in combination with the thermal image capture that is used to determine risk analysis and alarm status for a given environment.

[008] A portable thermal imaging camera is provided that has a housing structure supporting an imagine manipulation algorithm and a thermal display, a handle connected to the housing for positional support, a lens component having a lens and a grid network, the grid network having an array of heat sensors, the heat sensors each generating a heat sensor signal output that is proportional to the heat sensed through the infrared radiation passing through the lens to the grid network, and an extension having an electrical conduit effective for communicating the heat sensor signal output from the lens component to the imagine manipulation algorithm within housing. The thermal display is capable of displaying a real-time image of the heat sensor signal that is manipulated through the manipulation algorithm to form an image of the heat sensed by the grid network. In one embodiment the lens component of the camera may be physically attached directly to the housing structure in a fixed position during use.

[009] In accordance with embodiments herein, a portable, thermal imaging camera for search and rescue operations is provided, comprising a housing, the housing having an elongated body with a lens image detection end and viewing end, the elongated body of the housing shaped and dimensioned to be gripable by hand. The camera includes a display located on the viewing end, a thermal imaging detector located on the image detection end, with the thermal detector configured to sense heat and generate thermal image data. The camera includes a

microprocessor housed within the housing and configured to convert the thermal image data into a format to be displayed on the display, a first set of switches on a first surface of the elongated body and a second set of switches on a second surface of the elongated body, the first and second sets of switches representing user inputs to control operation of the camera based on user manipulation of the switches.

[0010] Optionally, the thermal imaging camera further comprises a visible light camera housed within the housing in integral combination with the thermal imaging detector. Alternatively, the thermal imaging camera may provide for the housing to include side surfaces shaped to fit against a palm of a user's hand with the user's fingers located proximate to one of the first and second sets of switches.

[0011] Optionally, the thermal imaging camera may provide for the housing to be elongated to extend along a longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axis extending between the image detection and viewing ends, the second set of switches being positioned adjacent one another on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis, the second set of switches being aligned along a transverse line oriented to traverse the longitudinal axis and the second set of switches be located proximate to the image detection end. Alternatively, the thermal imaging camera of may provide for the housing to be elongated to extend along a longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axis extending between the image detection and viewing ends and the first set of switches being positioned along the longitudinal axis in line with one another. Optionally, the themrial imaging camera may provide for the housing to be elongated to extend along a longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axis extending between the image detection and viewing ends, the second set of switches being positioned adjacent one another and transversely on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis and the first set of switches being positioned along the longitudinal axis in line with one another.

[0012] Alternatively, the thermal imaging camera may provide for the second set of switches to be positioned adjacent one another and proximate to the image detection end and the first set of switches being positioned at an intermediate point along a length of the housing and in-line with one another.

[0013] In accordance with embodiments herein, a portable, thermal imaging camera system is provided, which comprises a thermal imaging camera. The thermal imaging camera comprises a camera housing, a microprocessor within the housing, the microprocessor configured to manipulate and convert the thermal image data to a format representing an image. The thermal imaging camera also comprises a display mounted to the housing, the display capable of displaying a real-time image of the thermal image data once manipulated and converted by the microprocessor to form the image. The thermal imaging camera also comprises a thermal imaging lens component comprising an extension body with a lens and a sensor grid network held within the body. The grid network has an array of heat sensors, the heat sensors each generating a heat sensor signal output that is proportional to the heat sensed through the infrared radiation passing through the lens to the grid network. The heat sensor signal output represents thermal image data, the body of the lens component being separate and distinct, and manipulated independent of the housing of the camera, and the image data being conveyed from the thermal imaging lens in the extension body to the microprocessor in the camera housing.

[0014] Optionally, the camera system may include the extension body forming a tubular shape that is configured to be held in one hand. Alternatively, the camera system may include the extension body being held up to a predetermined distance away from the camera housing.

[0015] Optionally, the camera system may further comprise a handle connected to the camera housing for positional support. Alternatively, the camera system may further comprise a cable that electrical and physically interconnects the thermal imaging lens component and the camera, the cable including electrical conduit for communicating the heat sensor signal output, as thermal imaging data, from the lens component to the microprocessor. Optionally, the camera system may further comprise a camera transceiver in the camera housing and an extension transceiver in the extension body, the camera and extension transceivers wirelessly conveying thermal imaging data from the thermal imaging lens component to the camera.

[0016] The camera system may further provide the thermal imaging lens component being coupled to the camera through one of a flexible cable, a rigid encasement extension, and physically attached directly to the camera housing in a fixed position during use.

[0017] In accordance with embodiments herein, a hazardous conditions warning system is provided which comprises an input configured to collect thermal imaging data from a thermal image capture device. The hazardous conditions warning system also comprises a detection module configured to analyze the thermal imaging data relative to select criteria to derive a level for one or more parameters related to the select criteria, and a risk profile module configured to create a risk profile associated with the thermal imaging data based on the level for the one or more parameters. The hazardous conditions warning system also comprises an alarm module configured to initiate an alarm in response to the risk profile.

[0018] Optionally, the system may provide for the risk profile to be indicative of different levels of risk. Alternatively, the system may further comprise a thermal image capture device, a server or an incident command workstation, the detection and risk profile modules provided within at least one of the thermal image capture device, a server or an incident command. Optionally, the system may further comprise transceivers provided within a thermal image capture device and an incident command workstation, the transceivers configured to maintain a

communication link to transfer the thermal imaging data from the image capture device to the workstation.

[0019] Alternatively, the system may further comprise a thermal imaging camera that captures the thermal image. Optionally, the system may further comprise a sensor for measuring environmental conditions. Alternatively, the system may provide for the sensor to measure an environmental condition selected from the group comprising gas, sound, pressure, wind, and combinations thereof to generate non-image data.

[0020] Optionally, the device may provide for the detection module to analyze the non-image data from the group comprising: gas type, gas concentration, barometric pressure, wind direction, wind speed, sound frequency, sound volume, sound type, and data changes, and combinations thereof. Alternatively, the device may further provide for the detection module to analyze non-image data relative to the select criteria, the select criteria being selected from the group comprising gas type, gas concentration, barometric pressure, wind direction, wind speed, sound volume, sound frequency, sound volume, sound type, and data changes, and combinations thereof. Optionally, the system may provide for the detection module to be configured to determine whether levels for one or more select criteria fall below, exceed or fall within critical parameters.

[0021] In accordance with embodiments herein, a hazardous conditions warning method is provided, which comprises collecting thermal imaging data from a thermal image capture device, and analyzing the thermal imaging data relative to select criteria to derive a level for one or more parameters related to the select criteria. The hazardous conditions warning method also comprises creating a risk profile associated with the thermal imaging data based on the level for the one or more parameters, and initiating an alarm in response to the risk profile.

[0022] Optionally, the method may provide for the risk profile to be indicative of different levels of risk. Alternatively, the method may further comprise maintaining a communication link to transfer the thermal imaging data from an image capture device to an incident command workstation.

[0023] Optionally, the method may further comprise measuring environmental conditions selected from the group comprising gas, sound, pressure, wind, and combinations thereof to generate non-image data. Alternatively, the method may further comprise analyzing the non-image data in connection with defining the risk profile. Optionally, the method may further comprise determining whether levels for one or more select criteria fall below, exceed or fall within critical parameters.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A illustrates a side view of a thermal imaging camera formed in accordance with embodiments herein.

[0025] Figure 1 B illustrates a front view of the thermal imaging camera of Figure 1A. [0026] Figure 1C illustrates a bottom plan view of the thermal imaging camera of Figure 1A.

[0027] Figure 1 D illustrates a perspective view of the thermal imaging camera of Figure 1A.

[0028] Figure 2 illustrates a hazardous conditions warning system 200 formed in accordance with an embodiment herein.

[0029] Figure 3 illustrates a flow chart of the process implemented to provide detection and warning in accordance with embodiments herein.

[0030] Figure 4 illustrates a portable thermal imaging camera formed in accordance with embodiments herein.

[0031] Figure 5 illustrates examples of various types of information may be displayed to the user of the camera, as well as to the incident command at workstation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0032] Figures 1 A-1 D, illustrate a camera system 100 having a "single hand" gripable housing 10. The housing 10 includes an elongated body 12 forming a one handed gripping area 50 with a lens image detection end 14 and viewing end 16. The housing 10 further includes a first set of camera buttons 20 on one hand surface 52 of the gripping area 50 of the camera 100 and a second button set 22 on a second hand surface 54 of the gripping area 50 of the camera 100 which allows single handed use of both sets of buttons 20, 22 by the first responder generally in a overhanded mode of operation, i.e., the holder's finger on top and thumb beneath the camera body while in use. Preferably the first set of buttons 20 is on the top surface of the camera 100 and the second set of buttons 22 is on the bottom surface of the housing 10. Alternatively, the camera 100 may include a self-correcting picture orientation regardless of the rotation of the housing 100.

[0033] The thermal imaging camera 100 is configured for search and rescue operations. The camera 100 includes a housing 10 having an elongated body 12 with a lens image detection end 14 and viewing end 16. The elongated body 12 of the housing 10 is shaped and dimensioned to be gripable in a single hand. A display 15 is located on the viewing end 14 and is configured to display thermal images. A thermal imaging detector 17 is located at the image detection end 16. The thermal imaging detector 17 is configured to sense heat and generate thermal image data. A microprocessor 19 is housed within the housing 10 and is configured to convert the thermal image data into a format to be displayed on the display 15. Additional internal components are illustrated in the figures and discussed hereafter.

[0034] A first set of switches 20 is provided on a first surface 21 of the elongated body12. A second set of switches 22 is provided on a second surface 23 of the elongated body 12. The first and second sets of switches 20, 22 represent user inputs to control operation of the camera based on user manipulation of the switches.

[0035] The housing 10 has a perimeter envelope (e.g., less than 6 inches) that is small enough to permit a user to wrap his/her hand around at least half of the housing 10. Optionally, the thermal imaging camera 100 may further comprise a visible light camera 25 housed within the housing 10 in integral combination with the thermal imaging detector 17. The housing 10 includes side surfaces 27 shaped to fit against a palm of a user's hand with the user's fingers located proximate to one of the first and second sets of switches. The housing 10 is elongated to extend along a longitudinal axis 29. The longitudinal axis 29 extends between the image detection and viewing ends 16, 14.

[0036] The second set of switches 22 are aligned along a transverse line 31 oriented to traverse the longitudinal axis 29. The second set of switches 22 are located proximate to the image detection end 16. The second set of switches 22 are positioned adjacent one another and transversely on opposite sides of the

longitudinal axis, while the first set of switches 20 are positioned along the

longitudinal axis in line with one another to facilitate easy access by various fingers and the thumb of a user's hand. For example, the second set of switches 22 are positioned adjacent one another and proximate the image detection end 16 to be easily accessed by the middle, third finger or little finger, while the first set of switches are positioned at an intermediate point along a length of the housing and in-line with one another to be easily accessed by the thumb. [0037] The location of the first 20 and second 22 set of buttons allows the fire fighter to reach the button locations within a natural movement of finger extension or reaching. Preferably critical button features, such as on/off switches, are protected with a cover, ridge, rubber protector, indentation, recess or other like blocking mechanism 30 to prevent inadvertent contact with these buttons. In one

embodiment, the first set of buttons 20 include the functions of zoom in/out and menu selector for transmitter channel # select, and the second set of buttons 22 include the functions of power on/off, mode selector for menu, locator SEACH lock, TAC

(Tactical Awareness Colorization) color mode, overhaul mode, black & white mode, and people finder mode. By changing the location of these operational buttons from the standard locations on thermal imaging cameras for the fire service, embodiments herein may conveniently include additional features such as a second, visible, camera combined with the thermal imaging camera 100 without additional burdens on the fire fighter.

[0038] In alternative embodiments, the thermal imaging camera 100 may be configured to be combined with a visible light camera 25. The camera 25 may be mounted in parallel with the thermal imaging camera 100. The camera 25 may be mounted within the housing 10 together with the thermal imaging camera 100. The cameras 100 and 25 may be controlled by common sets of buttons on multiple surfaces of the elongated body. The combination of cameras 100, 25 is operationally used to capture both the thermal image and a common or substantially identical image in visible light.

[0039] The thermal and visible images may be displayed side-by-side, sequentially cycled, or as a picture within a picture. The images may be processed for distinguishing key features, or for comparison and/or highlighting thermal and/or visually captured images. Additionally the combined display of images may be within a handheld screen, within a display on the fire fighter's headgear, on an on-scene command display, transmitted to remote locations for real-time viewing, etc. In dangerous and rapidly changes environments, the use of thermal image information augmented with concurrent and matching visual image information provides critical real-time and/or post-operational data not currently available. For example, without limitation, captured images may be used to enhance views of the edges of stairs or holes in floors providing a warning to the firefight of the impending danger. The thermal image capture and visible light capture may be shown side by side, picture within picture or as a computer processed overlay for safe operation of the fire fighter in the hazardous environment. In one embodiment, the two captured images are used to train fire fighters on what they would see with their own eyes and the corresponding thermal image in the actual firefighting environment.

[0040] Embodiments herein of the combined thermal imaging and visible imaging system preferably include digital image displays, a video transmitter and/or digital image recorder of both thermal and visible images. Also, the system may be configured to convey and receive the thermal and visible images over a network to other devices, workstations and/or a server that stores digital images for video transmission/reception and viewing display.

[0041] Figure 2 illustrates a hazardous conditions warning system 200 formed in accordance with an embodiment herein. The system 200 includes a thermal image capture device, such as a thermal imaging camera 202. The system 200 also includes an incident command workstation 210 (e.g., such as in a vehicle on site at an emergency event), a server 2 2, and a communications mesh network (as illustrated by links 204) to transfer the captured thermal images from the device 202 to the workstation 210. The cameras 202 communicate with one another over the mesh network links 204. The server 212 may be located at a remote off-site central station and the like. Each of the camera 202, workstation 210 and server 212 include (or are operatively coupled to) a microprocessor, memory, I/O electronics, a network interface, a transmitter and a receiver and other components. The microprocessor is configured to operate with software or firmware to implement various features described in connection with modules discussed herein. Optionally, the modules discussed herein may be implemented in hardware, as state machines and the like.

[0042] The microprocessor, of the associated device, server or workstation, implements various modules including a detection module 206, a risk profile module 214 and an alarm module 208. The detection module 206 is provided within at least one of the device 202, server 212 and/or workstation 210. The detection module 206 implements a detection algorithm that analyzes the captured images relative to predetermined specified select criteria to derive levels for one or more parameters related to the select criteria. The detection algorithm determines whether levels for one or more select criteria fall below, exceed or fall within critical parameters. The risk profile module 214 creates a risk profile associated with the image or images. The risk profile is indicative of different levels of risk. The level of risk may be compared to one or more risk thresholds. The alarm module 208 is provided in at least one of the device 202, server 212 and/or workstation 210 and is configured to initiate in response to a determination of levels for one or more critical parameters.

[0043] The hazardous conditions warning system 200 is particularly useful in firefighting environments, such as confined residential home fires or commercial properties that are subject to flashover or other like fire related occurrences that cause the fire to rapidly expand within a defined space. The thermal imaging capture device 202 may include (or constitute) a thermal imaging camera 202 (such as in Figures 1A-1D) configured to capture the thermal images as still images or video images. A representative thermal imaging camera 202 include for example without limitation, the Eagle Thermal imaging camera 202 manufactured by Scott Safety of Monroe, North Carolina.

[0044] Generally, the communication links 204 transfer images from the thermal imaging camera 202 to a workstation 210 or server 212 at a command center, or other appropriated location. The communications links 204 form a mesh network configuration, in which imaging and non-imaging data generated at one imaging camera 202 may be conveyed through the mesh network through one or more other imaging cameras, SCBA or other equipment carried by the fire fighter until reaching a base station, workstation 210 or the server 212. Examples of SCBA, mesh networks, base stations and heads up displays that may be used in

accordance with embodiments described herein are described in U.S. Patent

7,652,571, filed July 10, 2006, and titled "GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE FOR EMERGENCY APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SAME" and U.S. Patent 7,263,379, filed December 23, 2003 and titled "PERSONAL MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND NETWORK FOR EMERGENCY SERVICES PERSONNEL", both of which are expressly incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

[0045] Optionally, the camera 202, server 212 and/or workstation 210 may combine the still images and/or video images with additional data. Once the thermal images/video are combined with additional data, the risk profile module 214 implements the algorithm (on the microprocessor) to create a risk profile for the environment that is the subject of the thermal image capture. The additional data used to create the risk profile may include, without limitation, gas type, gas

concentration, barometric pressure, wind direction, wind speed, sound volume, sound frequency, sound volume, sound type, and data changes, and combinations thereof, and other such environmental conditions that are useful in calculating a risk profile from the thermal image.

[0046] Once the detection module 206 analyzes the images and determines levels for the one or more parameters related to the select criteria, the risk profile module 214 creates a risk profile associated with the image or images. The risk profile is indicative of different levels of risk. The level of risk may be compared to one or more risk thresholds. Depending upon where the level of risk compares to the risk thresholds, the alarm module 208 may generate various warning indicators. The warning indicator may include, without limitation, an audio alarm, contact alarm, visual alarm and other like warning methodologies that effectively alert individual for immediate action. The warning indicator may designate different degrees of warning/risk. For example, the images from the thermal imaging camera 202 may be used within the detection and risk profile modules 206 and 214 to determine a critical level exists for a select parameter when compared to a risk profile, and based thereon initiate an alarm for given conditions.

[0047] The detection module 206 may also dynamically determine when conditions indicate that certain events are about to happen (also referred to as characterization of potential dynamic events or PDE). For example, the images from the thermal imaging camera 202 may be combined with non-image data, at the detection module 206, to identify as a PDE a potential ignition of hazardous gases. For example, during a hazardous gas response, images of an environment at the scene are captured with a thermal imaging camera 202. The images are communicated to the workstation 210 where data for additional parameters are combined with the image to create a risk profile (at the risk profile module 214). The workstation 210 sends information that characterizes the potential dynamic event (PDE), such as information about a given hazard to the thermal imaging camera 202 and/or to mobile devices/SCBAs as carried by fire fighters. The return PDE indicates an alarm status when certain parameters of the risk profile are met. Alternatively, the workstation 210 may send an alarm signal to the user to indicate to the user when the algorithm identifies an ignition/combustion source for the known hazardous gas(es). Additionally, the thermal imaging camera 202 may be coupled (wired or wireless) to a local gas detection sensor 216. The gas detector 215 collects

LEL/PPM levels to further vet a dangerous situation. The results may be displayed, on the camera 202, on a heads up display, mobile device, portable computer, tablet device or other display, as desired for appropriate action.

[0048] The thermal imaging camera 202 may be coupled with gas detection sensors 216 in a small, light-weight handheld combination rugged package (such as shown in Figures 1A-1D). When the imaging camera 202 includes a portable gas detection sensor 216, the combination tool solves the problem of a firefighter having to carry two tools to detect thermal images and invisible gases. This multipurpose device replaces the plurality of devices they have to carry to an incident's hot zone. The thermal imaging camera 202 is coupled with gas detection sensors 216 in a small, light weight handheld combination rugged package. These handheld

combination portable thermal imaging camera 202 and gas monitoring devices 216 may be used stand alone or wirelessly linked to one another through a mesh network to allow information from another unit to be displayed on different users equipment in order to zero in on the gas source or remove personnel from a dangerous gas situation. All users on the mesh may be notified of information from one user that sensed the gas. A scroll feature may be used that would allow a user to page through several different lines of information and possible switch information screens.

[0049] The gas detection sensors 216 may include internal electronics to analyze sensed gases and generate a local alarm, both audible and visual, when a sensed level of the gas of interest exceeds a predetermined set point to notify the users of dangerous concentrations. The combination tool, that includes the camera 202 and sensors 216, allows the user to access both thermal imagery (heat source) and invisible gas detection (sensors) information to determine conditions that warrant an alarm state to warn people in the environment and keep them safe.

[0050] Figure 3 illustrates a flow chart of the process 300 implemented to provide detection and warning in accordance with embodiments herein. The process 300 may be entirely implemented at the camera 202, workstation 210 or server 212. Optionally, the process 300 may be distributed between the camera 202, workstation 210 or server 212.

[0051] At 302, image data is collected for one or more image capture devices in real time during an emergency event. The images may represent thermal still or video images, visible (photographic) still or video images or both. The thermal and visible (photographic) images may represent two-dimensional or three-dimensional still or video images. Optionally, the images may include other types of "images" captured by recording devices that sense outside the thermal and visible frequency ranges associated with thermal and photographic imaging. For example, the images may indicate two-dimensional or three-dimensional representations of gas patterns, electromagnetic patterns and the like.

[0052] At 304, the process collects non-image data from one or more sources. The non-image data may include event related information such as gases sensed at various locations in and around the building, the concentration and nature of smoke emitted from the building, wind direction and speed, and the like. For example, the non-image data may indicate an amount or nature of smoke emitted from the building (e.g, in terms of concentration, volume, shade or color, locations at which smoke is emitted). The non-image data may include floor plans, engineering drawings of a utility layout within the building, locations and types of structures and other items surrounding the building(s) of interest (e.g., the type, nature, size and distance to surrounding buildings). The non-image data may represent status information for municipal services (e.g., electrical, gas lines, water lines) supplied to and surrounding the building. [0053] The non-image data may be obtained from one or more data archive storage units (e.g., databases storing the floor plan, engineering drawings, etc.). The non-image data may be obtained from sensors carried on SCBA equipment, housed with the imaging camera, temporarily or permanently stationed in or about the building, carried by first responders, carried on first responder vehicles, and the like. When from sensors on site, the non-image data may be collected/sensed

simultaneously and in real-time with the image data.

[0054] At 306, the method applies the select criteria to the image and/or non- image data to determine a level for one or more parameters of interest. The parameters of interest relate to the select criteria. For example, the parameter of interest may represent heat energy where a select level of heat energy change over a threshold indicates that the environment is nearing or has reached a change that is important. For example, if a select criteria relates to whether a floor in a building has one or more holes in the floor, then the parameter of interest may represent discontinuities or substantial changes in thermal energy along lines or edges that may be indicative of an edge of a hole through a floor. As another example, if the criteria relate to changes in a smoke plume emitted from a building, then the parameter may represent a degree of increase/decrease in an amount or color of smoke being emitted (as detected by the thermal or regular imaging camera). When the criteria relate to whether a region in a building is appropriate to enter, then the parameter may represent temperature. It is understood that, at 306, more than one parameter may be associated with a single criteria, and that multiple criteria may be assessed in parallel.

[0055] The levels for the parameters) of interest may represent numeric values, such as a temperature reading, a numeric indication of a thermal heat signature, a gas concentration level and the like. Optionally, the level for the parameter of interest may represent an assessment of a thermal signature from an image (e.g., hot spots). For example, the process at 306 may identify that a thermal signature in the image data is indicative of a known situation. For example, a thermal signature taken through a door or wall may indicate that an interior room on an opposite side of the door or wall is heavily enveloped in fire. Optionally, the thermal signature taken may indicate that a person is present. Optionally, the level of the parameter may indicate an amount of a gas of interest sensed by a gas sensor as non-image data.

[0056] At 308, once the levels of the parameters) of interest are determined, the method constructs a risk profile. The risk profile is determined based on the parameter levels. The risk profile may include an indication of the nature of the risk, such as a temperature is reaching a flashpoint, a concentration of a dangerous gas is exceeding levels safe to breath, a concentration of a combustible gas is reaching a level at which a potential explosion may occur, and the like. Another example of a risk profile may represent a change in a smoke plume from a light white smoke to thicker smoke, to another color or to dark black smoke. Changes in the smoke plume may be indicators of fundamental changes in the nature of the underlying fire event.

[0057] The risk profile will also include an indication of the rank or degree of the risk. For example, the risk profile may rate each parameter or criteria within the risk profile on a scale of 1 to 10, with a high rating indicating a threatening situation. Optionally, the risk profile may rate parameters or criteria as high, medium or low risk. The nature of the risk profile may be characterized in other ways as well. The ratings within the risk profiles may be derived from user entered values, based on prior events or case studies and the like.

[0058] At 310, the method selects and issues an appropriate warning indicator based on a degree or rating of risk in the risk profile determined at 308. For example, when a parameter exhibits a high rating indicative of a large amount of risk, the warning may be assigned a high value. The warning indicator may include, without limitation, an audio alarm, contact alarm, visual alarm and other like warning methodologies that effectively alert individuals for immediate action. The warning indicator may designate different degrees of warning/risk. For example, a warning indicator may indicate a low degree of risk, such as a code "yellow". For example, the warning indicator may indicate a medium or high degree of risk, such as a code "blue" or code "red". Optionally, the warning indicator may designate a risk degree along a range, such as a risk degree of "6 on a scale of 1 to 10". The warning indicator may include activation of multiple alarms at different locations or alarms provided through different medium, where the chosen alarm location(s) or medium/media are based on the level of risk. For example, low risk events may warrant generation of a warning only at the command center and/or generation of only a visual indication of the warning. Optionally, medium risk events may warrant generation of a warning at the command center and at one or more devices assigned to on-location commanders. Optionally, medium risk events may warrant generation of visual and audible indications of the warning. Optionally, high risk events may warrant generation of contact, visual and audible indications of the warning on every first responders' communications device (e.g., radios, SCBA's, cell phones).

[0059] As an example, the thermal imaging camera 202 may capture an image that is used to indicate potential leakage of hazardous gases. During a response a thermal imaging camera 202 is used to capture thermal images of the scene.

Additionally, a temperature sensor in the thermal imaging camera 202 senses ambient temperature. The camera compares ambient temperatures with viewed temperatures. The camera detects a delta in temperature that could be an indication of a gas leak. When a potential leak is detected, the camera notifies the user of the potential gas leak. The thermal imaging camera 202 also transmits the potential leak to a workstation or server at a remote location. The workstation and/or server at the remote location receive the potential gas leak indication. Optionally, an outside team may work to identify the hazard and then program the system with information about the given hazard. Once programmed, the information is sent to the thermal imaging camera 202 and the thermal imaging camera 202 then indicates to the user if the thermal imaging camera 202 identifies an ignition/combustion source for the known hazardous gas(es). The thermal imaging camera 202 may also work with a gas detector to collect LEIJPPM levels to further vet a dangerous situation.

[0060] Optionally, the thermal imaging camera 202 may analyze the imaging data and non-imaging data to identify a potential ignition point and/or flashover state. During a fire response, users vet the scene with a thermal imaging camera 202. The thermal imaging camera 202 communicates with a remote location. The thermal imaging camera 202 compares the temperatures and potential for flashover. As the potential for flashover increases the thermal imaging camera 202 indicates, to the user, a potential for flashover and communicates warning/attention levels to a workstation or server at a remote location. The thermal imaging camera 202 may also have an ambient temperature sensor and make further warnings based upon how fast the temperatures are changing.

[0061] Additionally, a computer based system (e.g., at a workstation or server) may receive the imaging and non-imaging data from the thermal imaging camera 202 and the gas sensor. The thermal imaging camera 202 sends attention/warning indications to the workstation or service at the remote location indicating that the environment may contain a gas leak and warn outside users of the hazard. The computer system may also collect non-image data directly from the gas sensors, without waiting for the imaging camera to analyze the data. The computer system may then notify first responders and others of increasing gas levels as such levels increase from non-dangerous levels before they become a concern. The indications may indicate that the environment is nearing or has reached a potential flashover point or other situations of importance (potential for survivability of victims, combustion of building materials, etc).

[0062] The method of Figure 3 is based on a computer system and process that receives image data from the thermal imaging camera 202. Optionally, the image data may be collected from another source other than the imaging camera. The attention/warning indications may include the combination of multiple risk profiles for various conditions.

[0063] The criteria and parameters may relate to locating survivors. For example, the thermal imaging camera 202 may provide image data that is analyzed for a parameter related to thermal signatures of humans. The thermal signature may be denoted by outlines of known shapes for when individuals stand, sit, lie down or enter other positions. The thermal signature may also be represented by motion in a thermal signature outline where such motion is known to be indicative of human movement. Once the criteria are applied and the risk profile constructed, a warning is selected to indicate potential presence of survivors of a catastrophe.

[0064] During a hazard, response users vet the scene with the thermal and regular photosensitive cameras. The thermal and photosensitive cameras communicate image and non-image data to a workstation or server at a remote location. The workstation or server applies the process of Figure 3 and returns an appropriate warning. The thermal imaging camera 202 then indicates to the user if possible survivors have been identified. The thermal imaging camera 202 also communicates with a remote interface to provide an indication of potential survivors. In this situation, the thermal imaging camera 202 may send attention/warning indications to a remote location indicating that a survivor may have been identified.

[0065] During a hazard response, when the users vet the scene with visible photosensitive and thermal imaging camera 202s, the camera sends the image and non-image data to the workstation or server. The workstation or server returns information about a given hazard to the thermal imaging camera 202. The thermal imaging camera 202 then indicates to the user if the thermal imaging camera 202 identifies a fire growth / change situation, such as based upon pressure change. The thermal imaging camera 202 warns the user of the change in environment and sends an indication to the remote location that is communicating with the thermal imaging camera 202. In this situation, the thermal imaging camera 202 may send

attention/warning indications to a remote location indicating that the environment is nearing or has reached a change in pressure that has been identified as important.

[0066] Figure 5 illustrates examples of various types of information that may be displayed to the user of the camera 202, as well as to the incident command at workstation 210. In displays 502A-C, the display may present a thermal image window 504 (still or video) alone, or a thermal image window 504 adjacent to a visible image window 506, or superimposed upon one another. Referring to display 502A, the visible image window 506 illustrates still or video images associated with perceptive light wavelengths. The windows 504 and 506 may be displayed side by side, above one another, in a picture in picture format and the like. The image data displayed in the windows 504 and 506 is temporally aligned (by the microprocessor) such that events visible to the naked eye in the visible image window 506 correlate in time (occur simultaneously) with thermal images displayed in the thermal image window 504.

[0067] Optionally, the windows 504 and 506 may be fully or partially surrounded by additional data entry or output fields, status information fields and the like in regions 508-512.

[0068] Referring to display 502B, the thermal and visible image windows 504, 506 may be superimposed upon one another such that a visible image 514 has a thermal image 516 directly overlaid thereon within a common reference coordinate system 518. When superimposed upon one another, the thermal image 516 may indicate regions of the structure in the visible image 514 that are dangerous.

[0069] Optionally, the visible image window 504 may display a non-real-time map or model or pre-acquired image of a structure.

[0070] Referring to display 502C, the thermal and visible image windows 504, 504 may be superimposed upon one another such that a visible image 514 has a thermal image 516 directly overlaid thereon within a common reference coordinate system. In addition, the thermal and/or visible image windows 504, 506 may be enhanced to include highlighting 532 of features of interest. For example, the visible image may illustrate a hallway 530, and the thermal image illustrate different heat signatures 536-538 (representing hot, medium and cool areas). In the same overlaid image, an edge 532 of a hole through the floor may be highlighted. Optionally, other edge or boundary features may be denoted in various manners to identify dangerous areas to fire fighters. Optionally, the visible image may be removed and the thermal image shown alone with edges highlighted thereon. Optionally, a gas detection image may be created and superimposed on the thermal and/or visible images to display regions in which high concentrations of gas are collected.

[0071] Embodiments herein are preferably used by fire fighters identifying conditions or fire behavior inside a structure, whether in use or in training

applications. A handheld combination of a thermal imager and gas monitoring device eliminates the training and task burden previously placed on users as separate devices would not have to be monitored simultaneously. Transmitting wireless information such as thermal flux rate of change and which hazardous gases are approaching their upper or lower threshold explosive limits provides incident command with valuable information that may lead to a team evacuation.

[0072] When a user hears a gas sensor alarm (gas detections) coupled with a temperature reading (from the thermal imaging camera 202) the user will receive more information, more quickly for safety decision making than they would if they had two separate tools. Known fire behavior is the fire tetrahedral. Embodiments herein provide a combination tool that may detect the four (4) elements required for flame ignition. The gas detection portion may provide detection of 1 ) fuel and 2) oxygen levels and the thermal imaging camera 202 detects 3) heat and 4) ignition source. The method of Figure 3 may be implemented by an onboard microprocessor within the imaging camera to detect a combination of the fire tetrahedral factors that will lead to a flashover. This information is shown to the user in a quick and efficient manner, thereby allowing the user to escape to safety prior to a flashover. Use of an alarming system provides additional warning.

[0073] Figure 4 illustrates a portable thermal imaging camera 402 formed in accordance with embodiments herein. The camera 402 is configured to provide remote viewing. The thermal imaging camera 402 includes a camera housing 403 structure that holds the mechanical and electrical components, including among other things, a thermal detector, a microprocessor, and firmware or software that store an image manipulation process/algorithm that operates the microprocessor to analyze and convert/manipulate raw thermal data into a thermal image format. The camera 402 includes a display for presenting thermal images generated by the image manipulation process in order to be viewed by the operator. A handle may be connected to the housing 403 for positional support of the housing 403 during use.

[0074] The camera 403 includes a microprocessor 404 that implements various thermal imaging related functions. For example, the microprocessor 404 may implement a thermal imaging data processing module 430. The microprocessor 404 may implement a detection module 406, a risk profile module 408 and an alarm module 424 as discussed above in connection with Figures 2 and 3. The

microprocessor 404 is coupled to other electronics within the housing 403 through one or more dedicated lines, buses 440 and the like. A transceiver 434 provides wireless transmission and reception over one or more networks, such as a mesh network and the like. In addition to the mesh network connections or as an

alternative, the transceiver 434 may maintain a direct communications link with an incident command workstation and the like. Memory 436 may include cache, RAM, ROM and the like. The memory 436 be used to store firmware, software, image data, non-image data, status information, voice recordings and the like.

[0075] The thermal imaging camera 402 is coupled to a handheld thermal imaging lens extension or component 410. The camera 402 may be coupled, through a wired or wireless connection, to the lens extension or component 410. The lens component 410 includes a body 411 that forms a distinct component that is configured to be easily held in one hand, such as a tubular "flash light" style body. The extension body 411 is separate and distinct from, and can be physically oriented, pointed and otherwise manipulated independent of, the housing 403 of the camera 402. The extension body 411 may be held up to a predetermined distance (e.g. 3-10 feet) from the housing 403 of the camera 402. For example, the lens component 410 and camera 402 may be held in different hands by one operator, or held by separate operators. Optionally, the camera 402 may be mounted on a belt, harness, SCBA or other equipment worn by the user, while the user holds only the lens component 410 in one hand.

[0076] Optionally, the lens component 410 may be detachably mounted to a pole, stick or other equipment carried by the fire fighter in order that the fire fighter may insert the lens component 410 into areas beyond the immediate reach of the fire fighter's arms. For example the fire fighter may attach the lens component 410 to a pole that is then inserted under a door, through a hole in a floor/wall/ceiling, through a window, over/under furniture and the like. The user is able to view images detected by the lens component 410 by watching the display 432 on the camera 402.

[0077] The lens component 410 includes a lens 412 and a sensor grid network 414. The grid network 414 within the lens component 410 includes an array of heat sensors, with each heat sensor capable of generating a heat sensor signal output 416 that is proportional to the heat sensed through the infrared radiation passing through the lens 412 to the grid network 414. The heat sensor signal output 416 is pre-processed at circuit 420, such as through filtering, amplification and the like, and then passed to an input/output (I/O) driver 422. The I/O driver 422 conveys the pre-processed heat sensor signal output 416 to the camera 402. When the grid network 414 represents a digital sensor, the signal output 416 is a digital signal.

Optionally, when the grid network 414 supplies an analogue output, then an analogue signal output 416 may be passed over the extension cable 418. Optionally, the circuit 420 may digitize an analogue signal output 416 and convey a digital signal output over the cable 418.

[0078] As described herein, infrared (IR) is one example of a sensor that would provide "Remote Sensing". Optionally, the system could also have remote Gas (CO, toxic, etc.) sensing, wind sensing, and the like.

[0079] The extension cable 418 has one or more electrical conduits for signal transmission. The cable 418 may be retractable. The electrical conduit is able to communicate the heat sensor signal output 416 from the lens component 410 to the microprocessor 404 held in the housing 403. The cable 418 is coupled to I/O drivers 422 and 438 at opposite ends. The I/O driver 438 is coupled to the microprocessor 404 over a bus 440, or alternatively through a serial connection (not shown).

Optionally, the I/O driver 422 may include additional electronics sufficient to manage storage of incoming sensor signal data over the cable 418. For example, the I/O driver 422 may manage storage of the sensor signal data in cache or other memory 436 in the camera 402. The microprocessor 404 would then access the sensor signal data from the memory 436.

[0080] Once the sensor signal data is stored within the camera 402, the heat sensor signal data is processed and manipulated using the thermal image (Tl) data processing/manipulation module 430. The Tl data processing module 430 may represent a separate graphics processor chip/board, or alternatively may be implemented by the microprocessor 404 that implements other functions and features described herein.

[0081] Once the heat sensor data has been manipulated, the data is sent from the Tl data processing module 430 to the display 432 within the housing 403 for display of 2-D or 3-D thermal images, as still images or as video images. The thermal display 432 is capable of displaying a real-time image of the heat sensor signal that is manipulated through the manipulation algorithm in module 430 to form the 2-D or 3-D images of the heat sensed by the grid network 414. [0082] The microprocessor 404 is configured to generate various types of images for display, such as the information displayed in Figure 5. The

microprocessor 404 may generate the thermal image window 405 and the visible image window 506. The microprocessor 404 may manage the windows 504 and 506 to be displayed side by side, above one another, in a picture in picture format and the like. The microprocessor 404 temporally aligns the image data displayed in the windows 504 and 506 such that events visible to the naked eye in the visible image window 506 correlate in time (occur simultaneously) with thermal images displayed in the thermal image window 504.

[0083] The microprocessor 404 may superimpose the thermal and visible image windows 504, 506 upon one another such that a visible image 514 has a thermal image 516 directly overlaid thereon within a common reference coordinate system 518. When superimposed upon one another, the thermal image 516 may indicate regions of the structure in the visible image 514 that are dangerous. The microprocessor 404 may display a non-real-time model or pre-acquired image of a structure in the visible image window 504. The model or pre-acquired image may be retrieved from a database or other records such as at the server or a remote archive location.

[0084] The microprocessor 404 may superimpose the thermal and visible image windows 504, 504 upon one another such that a visible image 514 has a thermal image 516 directly overlaid thereon within a common reference coordinate system. In addition, the microprocessor 404 may enhance the thermal and/or visible image windows 504, 506 by including highlighting 532 of features of interest.

Optionally, other edge or boundary features may be denoted in various manners to identify dangerous areas to fire fighters. Optionally, the visible image may be removed and the thermal image shown alone with edges highlighted thereon.

Optionally, a gas detection image may be created and superimposed on the thermal and/or visible images to display regions in which high concentrations of gas are collected.

[0085] The cable 418 may be a flexible cable, semi-rigid cable, rigid

encasement extension or other like mechanism for remotely locating the lens component 410 physically from the housing 403. Additional supports may be used to support the lens component 410, such as additional handles, positional rod and other like positioning devices. Optionally, the lens component 410 may be physically attached directly to the housing structure in a fixed position during use, such as with the use of fasteners, adhesives, Velcro or other like temporal securing device.

When the lens component 410 is fixed to the housing 403, the lens 412 may be wrapped within a void between the housing 403 and lens component 410, be withdrawn with a tensioning mechanism with either the housing 403 or lens component 410, or be removed as a removable section of the cable 418. The embodiment illustrated in Figure 4 provides for the remote viewing of a thermal image, as well as allowing users to search under rubble and into small cracks for thermal images.

[0086] Optionally, the camera 402 may include a gas detection sensor 452 directly mounted within the housing 403. The sensor 452 senses one or more select types of gas and provides gas sensor signals 453 (non-image data) to the

microprocessor 404 or directly for storage in memory 436. The gas sensor signals 453 may be used as non-image data as explained herein in connection with constructing risk profiles and issuing warnings to the user.

[0087] Optionally, the camera 402 may include a thermal imaging lens and grid network 450 directly housed within the housing 403. The thermal imaging lens and sensor grid network 450 supplies image data 451 to the microprocessor 404. The sensor grid network 450 includes an array of heat sensors, with each heat sensor capable of generating a heat sensor signal output that is proportional to the heat sensed through the infrared radiation passing to the grid network 450. The thermal imaging lens and grid network 450 may afford the same functionality and perform the same operations as described above in connection with Figures 1-3 and in

connection with the lens component 410. For example, the thermal imaging lens and grid network 450 may have a different optical characteristics (e.g., resolution, size, magnification and the like) as compared to the lens component 410.

[0088] Optionally, the lens component 410 may be afforded a wireless connection to the camera 402. For example, a second lens component 460 is illustrated with a lens 462 and a grid network 464. The grid network 464 generates a heat sensor signal output 466 that is pre-processed at circuit 480, such as through filtering, amplification and the like, and then passed to an input/output (I/O) driver 482. The I/O driver 482 conveys the pre-processed heat sensor signal output 476 to a transceiver 483 that wireless transmits the image data over a wireless link 485 to a corresponding transceiver 435 in the camera 402.

[0089] The transceivers 483 and 435 may utilize various wireless

communications protocols such as WiFi, BlueTooth classic, BlueTooth Low Energy (BLE), WiGig, Wireless HD, Z-Wave, Zigbee, 802.11 and the like. Preferably, the wireless communications protocol would be BlueTooth classic for conveying video or still images or BLE for conveying still images. A wireless interface between the lens component 460 and the camera 402 allows more latitude and spacing between the components. For example, different fire fighters may hold each component more readily.

[0090] Optionally, the maps, models or pre-acquired images may be retrieved from a database or other records such as at the server or a remote archive location. When initially responding to an incident, the maps may be used for preplanning in connection with images, video and non-image data received from first responders who are already at a scene. When first arriving at a scene, the first responders may circle the scene (e.g., walk, drive, fly over) while collecting still images, video and/or non-image data. The detection and risk profile modules described herein process the image and non-image data and provide, based thereon, warnings and other return event profile information. For example, the return event profile information may indicate a percentage or amount of a building or scene that is consumed or otherwise impacted by a crisis (e.g., fire, gas leak, etc.). The image data, non-image data, risk profiles, alarms, and event profile information may be conveyed to between various fire fighters, incident command locations, vehicles, stations and the like in connection with informing each unit, individual or vehicle of their respective responsibilities.

The image data, non-image data, risk profiles, alarms, and event profile information may be conveyed to smart phones, tablets, workstations, TICs, mobile devices and the like. [0091] The image data, non-image data, risk profiles, alarms, and event profile information may be used in connection with training and event review procedures. For example, the image data, non-image data, risk profiles, alarms, and event profile information may be viewed by trainees during classroom lectures and/or classroom or field testing. For example, the image data, non-image data, risk profiles, alarms, and event profile information may be viewed by evaluators to provide feedback to fire fighters regarding actions taken/omitted during an event.

[0092] The modules described herein include any processor-based or microprocessor-based system including systems using microcontrollers, reduced instruction set computers (RISC), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), logic circuits, and any other circuit or processor capable of executing the functions described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the modules may represent circuit modules that may be implemented as hardware with associated instructions (for example, software stored on a tangible and non-transitory computer readable storage medium, such as a computer hard drive, ROM, RAM, or the like) that perform the operations described herein. The above examples are exemplary only, and are thus not intended to limit in any way the definition and/or meaning of the term "controller." The modules may execute a set of instructions that are stored in one or more storage elements, in order to process data. The storage elements may also store data or other information as desired or needed. The storage element may be in the form of an information source or a physical memory element within the modules. The set of instructions may include various commands that instruct the modules to perform specific operations such as the methods and processes of the various embodiments of the subject matter described herein. The set of instructions may be in the form of a software program. The software may be in various forms such as system software or application software. Further, the software may be in the form of a collection of separate programs or modules, a program module within a larger program or a portion of a program module. The software also may include modular programming in the form of object- oriented programming. The processing of input data by the processing machine may be in response to user commands, or in response to results of previous processing, or in response to a request made by another processing machine.

[0093] As used herein, the terms "software" and "firmware" are

interchangeable, and include any computer program stored in memory for execution by a computer, including RAM memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, and non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) memory. The above memory types are exemplary only, and are thus not limiting as to the types of memory usable for storage of a computer program.

[0094] It is to be understood that the subject matter described herein is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the description herein or illustrated in the drawings hereof. The subject matter described herein is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of "including," "comprising," or "having" and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items.

[0095] It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the above-described embodiments (and/or aspects thereof) may be used in combination with each other. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. While the dimensions, types of materials and coatings described herein are intended to define the

parameters of the invention, they are by no means limiting and are exemplary embodiments. Many other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. The scope of the invention should, therefore, be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. In the appended claims, the terms "including" and "in which" are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms "comprising" and "wherein." Moreover, in the following claims, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects. Further, the limitations of the following claims are not written in means - plus-function format and are not intended to be interpreted based on 35 U.S.C. ยง 112, sixth paragraph, unless and until such claim limitations expressly use the phrase "means for" followed by a statement of function void of further structure.

[0096] While certain embodiments of the disclosure have been described herein, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereto, as it is intended that the disclosure be as broad in scope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of particular embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.