The subject of the invention is a thermal insulating construction component for erection of external walls of buildings, with very high thermal insulating capability and vapour permeability.

External walls of buildings with reinforced concrete frame structures are most commonly filled with ceramic components, and insulating materials are then applied externally and finished with plaster.

A construction component is also known for the erection of wails in a framing system, which is made as a shaped element of thermal insulating material. Two wails of the thermal insulating element, forming the external and internal vertical walls, are coated with a layer of gypsum. The internal and external gypsum layers have the same thickness. Such a construction component provides excellent heat transfer performance, is lightweight and is compact in size. Due to the centre of gravity being located in the axis of symmetry of the construction component, the wall being erected is in practice fully supported on the surface, i.e. a part of the building structural frame or foundation.

The floor area of the building is, in both solutions, reduced relative to the building outline by the thickness of the entire construction component.

From the Polish utility model description RU 64738, a construction component in a form of a shaped piece of thermal insulating material is known, in which pass-through joining holes are provided. Two walls of the element, forming the vertical external and internal walls, are covered with a coat of gypsum, whereby the external to internal gypsum coat thickness ratio is approx. 1 :3. Due to the low weight of the thermal insulating material, the centre of gravity is determined by the thickness of gypsum layers of the component. The centre of gravity is definitely shifted towards the internal gypsum layer. Such a structure of the component, according to the design, allows erection of building walls by stacking construction elements far beyond the outline of the building frame. Such components protrude outside the outline of the building structural frame, thus achieving additional floor space of a building with the same frame. For buildings with several stories, the increase in floor area may amount even up to several hundreds of square metres. Walls built of those components are permeable to vapour and create an ideal microclimate for residents, as the wail components are provided with thermal insulating inserts with pass-through openings filled with gypsum with excellent vapour permeability and forming a monolithic unity with the walls of the inserts. A drawback of the components with thermal insulating inserts and the walls built from them is shrinkage, leading to visible cracks with a width from 0.1 to 0.3 mm appearing on the facade, which, for approx. 10 hours per day, is exposed to very intense solar radiation at the times of highest temperatures.

The present invention aims to eliminate the causes of cracks in the facade of buildings and to further significantly improve the usability of external walls.

The thermal insulating facade construction component according to the invention comprises a shaped element made of thermal insulating material with the internal vertical wall, facing to the building interior, and is at least partially coated with a layer of binder material bonded to the element. The element has at least one horizontal hole, preferably two horizontal holes, and a vertical pass- through gap oriented towards the upper and lower wall and a closed gap directed towards the side walls, whereby the pass-through holes and the gap are filled with binder material. The horizontal hole intersects with the vertical gap.

As the thermal insulating material, preferably foamed polystyrene, polyurethane, glass or mineral wool is used.

As the binder material, preferably gypsum is used.

On the side walls, preferably there are vertical grooves for enhanced joining of the construction components by filling the vertical grooves with mortar at the construction site.

The element made of thermal insulating material, and thus the entire construction component, can be of any shape, allowing placement of tubes and cables or additional construction elements within them, and they may have projections for shaping any wall arrangements. Furthermore, the element is made, depending on the thermal insulating material used, with any known techniques to achieve the shape desired.

Building walls made of the components according to the invention do not crack on the building exterior and have great mechanical strength, heat accumulation potential and vapour permeability provided by the pass-through holes and the pass-through gap. Moreover, the presence of a layer of binder material inside the construction component increases its rigidity, and additionally, the centre of gravity and accumulation potential of the construction component is even more favourably shifted towards the building interior than in solutions known so far.

in this way, cracks in the facade have been eliminated, and even more beneficial economic and environmental effects have been achieved, such as heat and moisture performance, which significantly influences the quality of health for users of such houses/flats, and the demand for energy, comparing to known solutions, has been significantly reduced. The thermal insulation component, due to the heat capacity of gypsum contained in one square metre of thermal insulating construction elements amounting to 1731 kJ/W or 0.481 kWh W, is twice as high as that in known solutions. This fact should be of great importance in the construction industry in terms of energy saving and reduction of CO2 emissions.

The subject of the invention is shown in the illustration, in which Fig. 1 shows the perspective of the component of the invention, in a form of a rectangular prism, Fig. 2 shows a side view of the component of Fig. 1 , Fig. 3 shows a top view of the component of Fig. 1 , Fig. 4 shows a top view of the component of Fig. 1 , Fig. 5 shows the sectional view of the component of Fig. 1 along the A-A line, Fig. 6 shows the sectional view of the component of Fig. 1 along the B-B line, and Fig. 7 shows the perspective of the component with a protruding projection, designed for use mostly as the tie component. Fig. 8 shows the perspective of the component with the side projection 7 designed as a corner piece of the building, enabling the location of an appropriate component of the load bearing structure. Example 1. The thermal insulating facade construction component is made of a shaped element 1 made of foamed polystyrene. The element 1 has a form of a rectangular prism with a length greater than its height and has two horizontal pass-through holes 2 and a pass-through gap 3 oriented vertically and a closed gap oriented horizontally. Both the gap 3 and the pass-through holes 2 are filled with gypsum. On the entire internal vertical wall, within the building interior, there is a coat of gypsum 4 bonded with the element 1. On every side wall, preferably there is a vertical groove 5 for enhanced joining of the construction components by filling the vertical grooves 5 with mortar at the construction site. The construction component has been made by cutting the element 1 to the desired shape and dimensions of foamed polystyrene, placing it in a mould and pouring gypsum on the back wall. Gypsum penetrated through the pass-through holes 2 to the gap 3, filling both the gap 3 and pass-through holes 2, and a layer of gypsum 4 is formed simultaneously.

Components prepared is such a manner are stacked on a reinforced concrete structural frame together with other components forming the corners, joiners etc. until a wall is erected. The components are placed with the gypsum layer 4 facing the interior of the building.

Example 2. An element with the design as in Example 1 was made, whereby the element has the shape of a cube with a protruding side projection 6, as shown in Fig. 7.

Example 3. An element with the design as in Example 1 was made, whereby the element has the shape of a cube with a protruding side projection 6 provided with a groove 7 enabling the location of an appropriate structural component, and a part of the back walls is covered with a layer of gypsum 4, as shown in Fig. 8. Example 4. An element with the design as in Example 1 was made, whereby the element is made of polyurethane.

Example 5. An element with the design as in Example 1 was made, whereby the element is made of mineral wool.