Field of the Invention This invention relates to thermoregulatory apparel and in particular to close fitting skin contacting garments for the regulation of body temperature.

Background of the Invention It is known in the art that human performance, in work or athletic competition, is dependent upon maximal muscle efficiency. Muscles function most efficiently in an optimized cellular environment which is defined as: 1) Homeothermic temperature - 37"C i 1"C 2) Homeostatic Ph range - 7.4 i .2 3) Adequate/Abundant Energy Sources (glycogen/glucose) 4) Adequate/Abundant Oxygen Sources 5) Maximized Blood Circulation (to bring in nutrients, oxygen; and remove waste products - lactic acids and CO2) During human work (or athletic performance) muscle metabolism creates a tremendous heat load which must be dissipated by the human thermoregulatory system.

The skin, through the production and evaporation of perspiration, dissipates this heat load. Radiation, conduction, and convection contribute to this heat dissipation. However, in the active athlete, 80% of this heat dissipation is accomplished by the evaporation, at the skin level, of perspiration.

Humans (and their muscles) function best in a homeothermic state, (37~ i 1 ~C) . Thus the proper management of this "heat load of metabolism" assumes a high priority in the circulatory physiologic response of athletes in competition (or in high- intensity workers).

The circulation (blood flow) eventually finds itself with two high demand requirements: 1) Carry blood flow to the skin to dissipate excess heat of muscle metabolism.

2) Carry blood flow to the muscle to replenish glycogen/glucose stores, oxygen, and remove acidic waste products (lactic acid and CO2).

A competition then develops between the skin and muscle for blood flow in the high performance athlete or intense worker.

Summarv of the Invention The present invention provides thermoregulatory apparel in the form of garments including diverse panels which enhance the skin' ability to dissipate or retain heat as necessary to maintain a body temperature or homeothermic muscle environment of 37"C i 1"C. The garments may include various apparel items applicable for use on different parts of the body and include, but are not limited to, pants, shorts, stockings, body suits, wraps, braces, pads, supports, socks, leggings, sleeves, shirts, hats, gloves, and the like.

Each garment includes a combination of heat dissipation panels and heat retention panels which are to be worn in contact with the skin. The heat dissipation panels increase the skin's ability to evaporate perspiration by wicking moisture from the skin to an outer portion of the garment. In preferred embodiments, the evaporation of perspiration, and thus cooling, is enhanced by increasing the fiber surface area which is available in the garment for exposure of the perspiration to the air so that evaporation occurs more quickly. Thus the garment does not become soaked and prevent the circulation of air through its fibers.

The heat retention panels in each garment increase the skin's ability to maintain and develop heat in major muscle groups of the body. These heat retention panels reflect heat, or lessen heat loss, and are placed to cover superficial major muscle groups prone to injury. Preferably, these heat retaining panels utilize fibers of hollow construction which trap air within each fiber for insulation of the heat retaining panel. These fibers are, preferably, also configured to wick moisture to the exterior of the insulating panels and, in some cases, to adjacent cooling panels for rapid moisture elimination.

The unique interaction of cooling panels and heat retaining panels in the same garment is the essence of Thermoregulatory Apparel. By design, such a garment enhances the skin's efforts to: 1) Evaporate perspiration and cool the body and/or 2) Retain heat from selected body portions and wick moisture away for rapid evaporation, thus keeping the garment dry and warm.

Thermoregulatory Apparel potentiates and improves the skin's efforts to maintain a steady thermoregulatory, homeothermic muscle environment of 37"C i 1"C. Either cooling or heat retention is improved depending on the variation from the desired <BR> <BR> <BR> 37~C. As a result, the human thermoregulatory system becomes more efficient in managing environmental temperature changes. Greater temperature variances (hot or cold) can be managed with less stress on the thermoregulatory system, less skin blood flow, and less perspiration production. This decreases dehydration, allows more blood flow to be directed to active muscle groups, and enhances performance. Injury rates are lessened and post-activity recovery times are shortened. Thermoregulatory Apparel has positively affected the competition between skin and muscle for blood flow in the maximally-stressed athlete or worker. In addition, areas prone to injury can be cooled or heated, as required, to lessen soft tissue injury rates.

In referring to the drawings, it should be understood that the broad concept involves use of a dual fabric garment to control body temperature. Such garments may be of any useful type, including shirts, compression shorts, socks, leggings, hats, gloves, pants and so forth, which may be useful in accomplishing the purpose of retaining controlled heat in commonly injured or stressed areas, such as hamstrings and gluteal muscles and quadriceps, and providing maximum cooling for other areas of the body. The drawings therefore illustrate only examples of such garments which are subject to changes in their details and configurations of the various panels to accomplish the desired purposes.

These and other features and advantages of the invention will be more fully understood from the following description of certain exemplary embodiments of the invention taken together with the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a cloth panel assembly including cooling

and insulating fabrics according to the invention.

Figure 2 is a pictorial view of a compression shorts garment for athletes according to the invention.

Figure 3 is a pictorial view of a compression slacks garment with insulating panels according to the invention.

Figure 4 is a pictorial view of a close-fitting shirt formed with an insulating panel according to the invention.

Figure 5 is a pictorial view illustrating one of a pair of socks having an insulating panel in the leg portion according to the invention.

Detailed Description of the Invention Referring first to Figure 1 of the drawings in detail, 10 generally indicates a thermoregulatory cloth material which includes a base layer of fabric 12 made of a polyester fiber blend which enhances evaporation of perspiration and wicking.

Examples of polyester fiber are found in clothing made with fabric certified with name COOLMAX by the Dupont Company. Cloth 10 additionally includes at least one insulating panel 14, made from a heat-retaining polyester fiber blend and internally applied in a garment over the areas where controlled heat retention is desired. Examples of fiber for use in such insulating panels may be found in fabrics certified by the Dupont company with the names THERMAX and THERMASTAT.

Such fibers have hollow cores which provide insulating air space within the fibers.

The THERMASTAT fiber is additionally configured to form linearly extending groove-like passages that promote wicking of perspiration along the fiber away from the body. The insulating panel 14 is preferably sewn onto the base fabric layer 12 on the inner side so that it contacts the skin of the body directly. However, if desired, an insulating panel could be edge-attached to a base layer without forming a double cloth layer as in the preferred embodiment.

While the materials mentioned above are preferred for thermoregulatory cloth according to the invention, it would be possible, if desired, to make the base fabric and insulating panel from other materials. For example, the base cloth could in addition to polyester be formed of cotton, lycra, spandex, rayon, or even nylon, although these are not as effective in removing heat from the body as the COOLMAX polyester material. In like manner, other materials might be used for the insulating

panels, although with less effective results. Obviously, if improved fibers or manners of making the cloth for the base layer and insulating panels are developed, these improved materials and weaves could be substituted for those disclosed in the preferred embodiment of this invention.

Referring now to Figure 2, there is shown an example of compression shorts for athletes, and the like, generally indicated by numeral 16. The shorts are formed with a waistband 18 sewn to a garment having the base fabric layer 12 formed with a lower body enclosing portion 20 and a pair of legs 22. Preferably the legs will be long enough to extend down to just above the knee of the wearer in order to obtain the most effective results from the garment. However, shorter length compression shorts may be of value and are to be included within the scope of the invention. The shorts 16 further include insulating panels 14 sewn, or otherwise attached, to the interior of the base fabric 12. Panels 14 extend generally from the waistband 18 to the lower ends of the legs 22 and along the rear portions of the body and legs.

Optionally, similar panels can be applied to the front portions of the legs and lower body. The shapes of the panels may be varied as desired to cause controlled heat retention on those portions of the body where muscles and related stressed structure are located which it is desired to protect by faster warm-up and increased blood flow to these areas during exercise or activity and thereafter while cooling off.

Referring to Figure 3, there is shown a pair of slacks or pants 24 having a waistband 26 attached to a lower body enclosing portion 28 and 30 being formed completely from COOLMAX polyester fabric 12. Within this garment fabric are formed insulating panels 14 extending from the waistband 26 to the bottom of the full-length legs in a manner similar to that described for the compression shorts of Figure 2.

Figure 4 illustrates a close-fitting shirt 32 which is again formed fully of COOLMAX fabric 12 and includes upper and lower body portions 34, 36 connected with arms 38. Within this garment shell, an insulating panel 14 is sewn which extends over the front and rear portions of the upper body portion of the garment and the upper portions of the arms down to about the elbows. The lower portions of the arms are left free of the insulating panel 14 to allow rapid cooling and evaporation of perspiration in the under arm area as well as along the side of the upper body portion.

Referring now to Figure 5, there is shown a sock 40 having a foot portion 42 and a leg portion 44. As in the other garments, the complete sock 42 may be formed with an exterior layer of the base fabric 12 while the leg portion from the ankle upward is formed with an interior panel of the insulating panel 14 material. The combination controls the temperature for heat rejection from the easily injured ankle and leg muscular areas while the foot portion is made from the COOLMAX material which maximizes evaporation of perspiration and cooling. Alternatively, the leg portion of the sock may be made only from the insulating panel material, such as THERMAX AND THERMASTAT fabric materials, which may be sewn to the foot portion 42 of COOLMAX fabric.

In use, a thermoregulatory garment made of a dual fabric cloth, such as cloth 10, helps maintain the desired body temperature under all conditions. When the rate of perspiration is high, as during high stress bodily activity, the insulating panels carry the moisture to the COOLMAX fabric so that the protected muscle areas are adequately cooled and the fabric remains open to air flow. When activity is reduced and perspiration slows or stops, the insulating panels maintain body heat of the protected muscles to prevent their rapid cooling. In areas of a garment unprotected by insulating panels, the COOLMAX fabric provides maximum cooling by evaporation of perspiration when activity is high and cooling is naturally reduced during periods of low activity. The high wicking ability of COOLMAX fabrics and the good wicking ability of THERMAX and THERMOSTAT fabrics make them ideal for use in thermoregulatory garments in accordance with the invention.

While the invention has been described by reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that numerous changes may be made within the spirit and scope of the inventive concepts described. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the described embodiments, but that it have the full scope defined by the language of the following claims.