001 CONTEXTUAL DESCRIPTION: The present invention patent refers to a system for Kingpin/Fifth Wheel articulations, used in large trucks. This systems will monitoring the relative movements of translation, rotation and accelerations of the king pin when it is hitched in a fifth wheel on the X, Y and Z axes. The difference between these systems is that there is no need for electronics installed on the kingpin and the trailer. This monitoring of movements of the king pin can be performed by a set of sensors composed of accelerometers and gyroscopes, integrated to an electromagnet that is coupled to the king pin when the fifth wheel is engaged or by a king pin with magnetic device.

002 In view of a scenario where large cargo vehicles fleet is increasing, at the same time their large dimensions and weight demand an ever-increasing level of safety and automation. Because this, monitoring sensors for dynamics vehicle become extremely relevant for these applications.

003 The automotive industry in this segment has been constantly seeking technological solutions to provide a higher level of safety and automation for these vehicles, such as electronic braking systems (EBS), antirollover (RSC) and stability control systems (ESC). Although these systems have a considerable efficiency and reliability to avoid accidents, however, they are still unable to measure yaw movements of the semi-trailer. However, there are some systems for combined monitoring of the truck and trailer, but it is essentially that all vehicles of the composition have sensors, embedded electronics and an efficient communication between them, to allow the complete control of the vehicle compostion dynamics. It is recurrent that, one of the vehicles does not have sensors for monitoring, due the technological lag or no communication interface between the sensors of the trailer and the truck. Since there is no communication or no electronics in the trailer, the vehicle dynamic control is impossible.

004 The present invention comes to meet these needs in a simple, practical, precise and affordable way. The three-dimensional monitoring technology in kingpin allows the sensor to engage and disengage to the kingpin of the trailer at each hitch, without the need for any type of electronic sin stalled on the semi -trailer to allow the control of its vehicle dynamics. In this way, it allows to control even in technologically outdated semitrailers, without any type of embedded electronics. 005 In addition to this essential measurement of the articulation angle between vehicles, the present system allows the complete verification of the movement and accelerations of the kingpin in relation to the fifth wheel, in 6 degrees of freedom: translational displacements and rotations on the X, Y and Z axes. From these measurements, the main needs of the automotive sector are:

006 - The verification of the displacement of the kingpin in the X axes (direction of the vehicle travel) and in the Y axis (lateral direction of the vehicle) allows the check of the existence of clearances in the articulation;

007 - The verification of the displacement and acceleration of the king pin on the Z axis (direction of the vehicle height), allows to detect situations of imminent rollover, through the sudden displacement of the king pin on this axis;

008 - Finally, the combined verification of displacements of the king pin, on the

X and Y axes (XY plane) is possible to measure the rotation of the pin on the Z axis, allowing to verify the articulation angle between the vehicles in conversions. 009 In view of these needs, it is essential that this system claimed, in addition to its features presented, has versatility, reliability, robustness and precision. The system of the present patent can be applied without need of structural modifications to the king pin or the fifth wheel, being possible its application even in vehicles already in circulation. In addition to its easy applicability, the system is resistant to grease, abrasives, very present in the vehicle's articulation environment.

0010 In a first proposal of the system now claimed, the use of an electromagnet to couple to the king pin, allows the constant coupling/disengagement of vehicles without damaging the sensor, in addition to allowing the dynamic monitoring of any trailer coupled to the fifth wheel, regardless of the technological level of this veihcle, showing a universal system, with high industrial applicability to all articulation king pin / fifth wheel. 0011 In the second system proposal, the use a kingpin magnetic referential device, with high applicability to tracking systems and vehicles already in circulation, presenting high efficiency and precision.

0012 STATE OF THE ART: In a wide analysis of the current state of the art, aim to verify technologies similar to the present system claimed, about this can mention some patent applications that also aim to monitor some movements of the king pin coupled in fifth wheel:

0013 US5152544A patent,“Articulation angle sensor”: Explains a system for sensing the angular reading the kingpin rotating axis in relation to the fifth wheel. This process claims: A magnetic element present, positioned and transported by the truck, which is coupled to the king pin, this is“protected” by a housing that limits the movement of this magnet only for rotation movement; A magnetometer sensor present, positioned, also transported by the truck and“protected” by the same housing of the magnetic element. The magnetic element rests on this sensor while the vehicle is disengaged. This system has characteristics and technical elements that, in fact, its construction and concepts factors limit it due to the dynamics of the vehicles and, consequently does not allow the reading more degrees of freedom beyond the rotation angle of the kingpin. The magnetic element is attached to the king pin at the moment of engagement by simple magnetic attraction, as shown in the patent. For this reason, it is technically impossible to guarantee the coupling of the magnet with essentricity to the central point of the kingpin at all times when the vehicle is engaged, thus this, of course generating sensor reading errors. This system has a relevant limitation, where it would not be possible to disengage the semi-trailer, since this magnet element is coupled to the king pin by constant magnetic attraction. Another point is the fact that there is a housing for the protection of the elements of the system and it is fixed on the truck, which mechanically limits only for the magnet rotates and reads only the turning angle of the king pin, making it impossible to reading others degrees of freedom. This configuration of both the sensor and the magnetic element being positioned on the truck and not on the fifth wheel structure, can generate mechanical damage or reading errors, since there are significant relative movements between the truck and its fifth wheel. Due to this configuration, there is also the possibility of improper angle readings with the vehicle disengaged about some vibrations of the magnetic element that is resting on top of the sensor. Finally, it is possible to conclude that this state of the art differs from the system claimed here mainly because: the measurement is made only by a magnetometer present on the tractor vehicle and not in the fifth wheel; its detect the movement by a permanent magnet which moves in solidarity to the kingpin; and finally, due to its technical and mechanical limitations, this system monitor only one degree of freedom - the angle rotation between the king pin and the fifth wheel.

0014 The patent DE19964045A1 also features a system for angular measurement for king pin / fifth wheel articulation of an electromagnet device. This claims a solution in which the magnet induces a magnetic field and it is detected by magnetic sensors present in the truck. This application also differs from the state of the art now claimed, since a permanent magnet is used to induce a magnetic field that is mechanically placed on the king pin at each engagement. The sensor is present in the fifth wheel and is of the hall type, which allows only to monitor the magnetic field in only one degree of freedom. Like the process mentioned above, the system does not specify how the permanent magnet will be removed from the kingpin during decoupling, since it will be constantly attracted. Another point is that this patent has a mechanical device to attach the magnet to the king pin, which may not guarantee repeatability of the coupling position. However, the system has a hall effect sensor to perform the reading, this type of sensor basically makes an analog reading of the magnetic field variation, different of the magnetometer that allows to verify the X, Y and Z position of a magnetic field, therefore, also limited to just checking the rotation of the kingpin and not its three-dimensional position. 0015 Finally EP 2849991 B 1 is presented, a system also exclusively for angular measurement through a magnetic marker (magnet or electromagnet) present on the king pin and a sensor mounted on a mechanical device that approximates this to the magnetic marker. In this patent, the state of the art claimed is a magnetic marker present exclusively on the central axis of the kingpin and a sensor that needs to be very close to this marker to perform the angular reading. As the sensor needs to be close to measure the angle, a mechanism is also claimed to bring it closer to this magnetic element present in the central axis of the kingpin. Despite its high precision, this system is ineffective in terms of mensure gaps and vibrations between the king pin and the fifth wheel. By the system's claims, it can be said that it is not technically capable of make measurements of the kingpin on the X and Z axis translation, since in claim number 1 of this document, the author indicates that his sensor is uncapable to read the position of the magnetic marker at higher distances than on the ideal working position of the kingpin, therefore, it limits to this system only to be able to read the articulation angled, only if the sensor is very close to its magnetic marker.

0016 The present claimed systems presents arrangements of a high innovative characters, robust, precise, high applicability in the automotive industry, with more practical characteristics and more data made in relation to the patents above. These advantages are possible mainly because the systems of the present patent allow a complete monitoring of the dynamics of the semitrailer, because its measuring by sensores present exclusively in the fifth wheel and in one of the proposals, only a need for a easy application disk to the king pin. In addition to the essential angular measurement of the rotation of the kingpin, this project also offers the possibility to monitor the displacements and the accelerations and rotations of the pin on all X, Y and Z axes, totaling the movement monitoring in six degrees of freedom.

0017 This system basically consists of two ways to monitor the three-dimensional moviments of the kingpin: Through a sensors integrated to an electromagnet that will be present in the fifth wheel. Or it can also be done by a magnetometer sensor fully present on the fifth wheel that monitors the spatial position of a magnetic device present on the king pin head. The technical description of the present patent claimed here, its advantages and applicability can be better understood together with the attached figures:

0018 DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES: Figure 1 shows the articulated truck, its fifth wheel (articulation), the cutting plane and the coordinate axes.

0019 Figure 2 shows the section view of the fifth wheel before engaging of the kingpin - for the three-dimensional measurement proposal by coupling with an electromagnet.

0020 Figure 3 shows the section view of the fifth wheel with the king pin in the engaged and unlocked position - for the three-dimensional measurement proposal by coupling with an electromagnet.

0021 Figure 4 shows the section view of the fifth wheel with the king pin in the engaged and locked position - for the three-dimensional measurement proposal by coupling with an electromagnet.

0022 Figure 5 shows a bottom view of the fifth wheel - for the three-dimensional measurement proposal by coupling with an electromagnet.

0023 Figure 6 shows the complete system in coupling condition, with the electromagnet coupled to the king pin and the fifth wheel hidden - for the three- dimensional measurement proposal by coupling with an electromagnet.

0024 Figure 7 shows the identifiable magnetic reference disc for king pin.

0025 Figure 8 shows a sectional view of the articulation between the king pin and fifth wheel - for three-dimensional measurement proposal by magnetic disk.

0026 Figure 9 shows a sectional view of the king pin and fifth wheel joint with clearance on the X axis - for three-dimensional measurement proposal by magnetic disk.

0027 Figure 10 shows the bottom view, seen below the hole of the fifth wheel, of the proposal - for three-dimensional measurement proposal by magnetic disk.

0028 Figure 11 shows a sectional view of the fifth wheel king pin joint in the vehicle's disengagement situation- for three-dimensional measurement proposal by magnetic disk.

0029 With reference to Figure 1, for better understanding, the articulated truck and its fifth wheel articulation are presented (3). This consists at least one tractor truck (1) and a semi-trailer (2). This figure also shows the top view of the fifth wheel (3) and the X, Y and Z coordinate system convention for vehicles. 0030 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSAL BY ELECTROMAGNET: Figure 2 shows the view of the fifth wheel (3) in section AA referenced in Figure 1, in the condition of disengaged vehicle. In this figure it is possible to verify the components of the three-dimensional measurement proposal, the electromagnet (4) that will be coupled to the king pin (5) in the sequence, to allow its integral monitoring: the set of sensors (6) present below the electromagnet (4) connected to an electronic central (10) by a communicator cable (8). These components are arranged be at the bottom of the fifth wheel (3), mounted on a support (7) connected to a set of springs (9) which is fixed to the fifth wheel (3) by a fixing device (11). Still on the Figure 2, it presents the king pin (5) in movement, in the direction (12) for engagement. At this time, the electromagnet (4) is in its static position, at its lowest position and de-energized.

0031 Figure 3 it presents the situation that the king pin (5) is in pre-engaged position, where the fifth wheel has not yet been locked. In this condition, the electromagnet (4) will remain in its lowest Z position and de-energized, as the same condition in the previous figure in the disengaged position.

0032 Figure 4 shows a condition immediately after the pre-engagement. In this condition the king pin (5) is locked, through a locking mechanism (14) of the fifth wheel (3). At this moment, the system will detect this locking through a sensor (16) which monitor the position of the locking mechanism (14) (shown in Figure 5) or by sensors of the presence of the king pin (5) in the fifth wheel (3). Upon detecting the locking condition, the electronic central (10) will electrify the electromagnet (4) which will be magnetic attracted for the metallic mass of the kingpin (5) above. At this point, the electromagnet will be magnetically coupled to the pin (5). This electromagnet (4) is in a centralized position in relation to the king pin (5), ensuring the repeatability of the coupling of this (4) to the pin (5).

0033 Figure 6 shows the system with the fifth wheel (3) hidden, for a better understanding. In this condition the electromagnet (4) is electrified and coupled to the king pin (5) by magnetic attraction. The electromagnet (4) has a set of sensors (6) integrated in the body, composed of accelerometers and gyroscope, which when is coupled, will fully monitor the movements of the king pin (5). These sensors (6) will measure displacements and accelerations of the king pin (5) in the three axes, but mainly in the axes indicated in the figure: In the X axis (19) it will indicate the presence of clearances in the longitudinal direction of the articulation, and in and Z (18) that present tendencies to the rollover. These sensors (6) will also measure the rotation on the Z axis (17) (articulation angle) through a gyroscope.

0034 These movements explained in Figure 7 are the most relevant for monitoring automotive vehicle control systems, but also allows rotations and translation on X and Y axes to be monitored, totaling the measurement of 6 degrees of freedom.

0035 To allow these measurements, the set electromagnet (4) and sensors (6) needs to work freely for fully monitoring the movements of the king pin (5). The electromagnet (4) is arranged on a support (7) that allows its free rotation in Z (17) and also its translation in this same Z axis (18). This support (7) is connected to the fixing device (11) of the fifth wheel (3) by a set of springs (9), which allows translational movements on the X (19) and Y axes and also the rotations.

0036 In this proposal, the movement measurements of the king pin (5) are relative to the fifth wheel (3). For this reason, the eletronic central (10) is located and fixed on the fifth wheel (3). As the sensor set (6) will move in solidarity with the king pin (5), the readings by these sensors (6) will be in absolute values, these will be compared with the sensor (accelerometers and gyroscopes) present in the electronic central (10) present in the fifth wheel (3). Finally, measurements of relative movements and accelerations between the set of sensors (6) and the central (10) will be generated and which, so by logic, will refer to the movements between the king pin (5) and the fifth wheel (3). Another advantage of the presented system is that it is self-calibrating, the reference position of the king pin (5) can be previously defined in the system or performed with each engagement. Another advantage of the system is that this electronic central serves not only to read the movement of the king pin (5), but also to monitor movements of the fifth wheel, even when the vehicle is disengaged.

0037 Finally, to disengage the semi-trailer(2) it is necessary to unlock the fifth wheel (3). This is a usual procedure for truck drivers where simply pull the unlock lever (15). When performing this procedure, the locking mechanism (14) will move to allow the disengagement movement of the king pin (5). At this point, the sensor (16) will detect the movement of the mechanism (14). The electronic central (10) will cut off the electrical supply to the electromagnet (4) which will disengage from the king pin (5) by gravity, allowing the safe disengagement movement without the electromagnet (4) demages.

0038 In general, according to its functionalities and advantages, this proposal is based on a concept of monitoring the articulation where its components are arranged exclusively present in the fifth wheel (3). This system will perform the integral monitoring of the movements and accelerations of the king pin (5) simply by coupling an electromagnet (4) by magnetic attraction to this pin (5).

0039 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSAL BY A REFERENTIAL DEVICE: Figure 7 initially presents the identifiable magnetic reference device (20), essential for this proposal. This reference device (20) is an independent component, fixable and attachable to the king pin (4). Basically it has a permanent magnet on its body with its north and south poles (20A) and also with a coded tag (20B).

0040 Figure 8 represents (in section view) the king pin (4) when engaged on the fifth wheel (3) (upper 3A and lower part 3B) seen from the rear position, in ZY plane. This figure also shows the magnetometer sensor center (21) and the identifiable magnetic reference device (20).

0041 In general and with reference to Figure 9, this proposal is based on a magnetometer sensor central (5), fixed at the bottom of the fifth wheel (3b), which monitors the three-dimensional position of the magnetic poles (20A) of the reference (20), through the variation of the magnetic field (22A and 22B). Because this device (20) that is attached in the king pin (4), the system is able to monitoring the pin (4) movements in three degrees of freedom, on the X (19), Z (18) and Y axes, an exemple is when there are clearances and the king pin (4) moves from its ideal working position (4b).

0042 With reference to Figure 10, view of the hole of the fifth wheel (3c), from the combined variation of the X and Y displacements of the king pin (4b), it is also possible to measure the relative angle between the pin (4) and the fifth wheel (3). 0043 Finally, with reference to Figure 11, this system propose allows checking the vehicle's engagement/disengagement by varying the intensity of the magnetic field, which is higher engagement and practically zero when disengaged. In the condition of the figure, when the king pin (4) moves in the direction of disengagement (23), a considerable distance from the reference device (20) in relation to the sensor (21), the intensity of the magnetic field will drop sharply.

0044 This proposal has an advantage, this device (20) can be identifiable with the presence of a coded TAG (20B), that can indicate which trailer (2) is attached on the truck (1) by reading of this data by the central of the sensor (21).

0045 Another great advantage of this proposal is that the reference device (20) can be easily attached to the king pin (4) and the central sensor (21) also simple to be fixed on the fifth wheel (3). Even if there is a need to place a reference device (20) on the semi-trailer (2), it is easy to apply, without structural changes in the parts and very interesting for application in tracking systems in vehicles already in circulation. As it is a contactless system between the central sensor (21) and the reference device (20), it allows the constant engagement and disengagement of the vehicle without interferences and mechanical wears.

0046 In general, both solutions for three-dimensional measurement of the kingpin (4) engaged in fifth wheel (3) present an innovative and disruptive technology compared to the current state of the art, which only present solutions that measure angle in more complex ways and with different technical restrictions. In addition, these solutions have practicality, industrial applicable, affordable cost and great potential for use to meet the technological needs of systems focused on safety, automation and dynamic control of articulated vehicles.