[0001] The present application claims priority to US continuation-in-part patent application no. 16/807,685, filed 3 March 2020, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference

Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure pertains to monitoring of a time period relating to an item or relating to an activity.

Background

[0003] It can be desirable to monitor time periods relating to items and/or activities including, for example, in the medical space.

[0004] Examples of items include medical products such as medical devices including intravenous catheters, urinary catheters, intravenous tubing sets or wound dressings, or pharmaceuticals, cargo, biological matter, chemicals or otherwise.

[0005] In the medical space, despite stringent hospital guidelines for controlling the spread of bacteria, hospital-acquired infections, also known as healthcare-associated infections or “HAIs”, are commonplace. HAIs result in unnecessary suffering for patients, extended healthcare and hospital times and significant costs to healthcare systems. A significant proportion of HAIs are caused through use of indwelling medical devices that are inserted in patients for longer than a safe time period. For example, an intravenous cannula can be inserted in a patient’s vein to deliver fluids, drugs or medical instruments. However, the intravenous cannula can also act as a conduit for bacteria to enter the human body and can provide a protected environment for bacterial incubation, leading to HAIs. With approximately 1.5 billion cannulae implanted in patients globally each year, reducing the number of HAIs caused by cannulae and other medical devices, such as urethral catheters, is paramount.

[0006] Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the like which has been included in the present specification is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present disclosure as it existed before the priority date of each claim of this application. Summary

[0007] One or more aspects of the present disclosure relate to a timer device configured to monitor a predetermined time period relating to a variety of items, products and/or activities.

[0008] The timer device may be in the form of a label and/or a wristband, or otherwise.

[0009] The timer device may be configured to monitor a predetermined time period associated with a medical device such as an intravascular cannula that is to be inserted in a patient for a period of time. A cannula is an example of an invasive medical device that should be located in a patient for no longer than a maximum safe period (e.g., 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 7 days or otherwise), as governed by medical standards, protocols or regulations applicable to the environment where it is used (e.g., hospital, ambulance or clinic, etc.), or manufacturer’s guidelines for the medical device. By limiting indwelling of a medical device such as a cannula to a maximum safe timer period or less, based on monitoring of that time period using the timer device, the risk of the patient contracting a HAI can be significantly reduced. In another example, the timer device may be configured to monitor a predetermined time period relating to an endoscope that is sterilized and that must be used within a specific period after sterilization to reduce the risk of causing an infection. In alternative embodiments, the timer device may be used with any medical device for which monitoring of a predetermined time period is desirable, such as a compression bandage or a drug delivery patch, or a hospital bed.

[0010] In yet another example, the timer device may be configured to monitor a predetermined time period associated with maintenance or calibration of an item. One or more of emergency kits or carts, sterile packages, cassettes, patient-controlled analgesia pumps, infusions pumps or hospital beds may require periodic calibration, maintenance or replacement to ensure that they are in proper working order. The timer devices in this example may be coupled to the item to be monitored to provide an indication to a user when maintenance or calibration may be required or should be considered.

[0011] The timer device may comprise at least one actuator to initiate the monitoring of the predetermined time period.

[0012] The timer device may comprise a signalling apparatus that provides an alert signal on expiry of the predetermined time period. [0013] In any aspects disclosed herein, an actuator may be any suitable element operable by a user to cause initiation of the monitoring of the predetermined time period. For example, the actuator may comprise a button or a slider that is pressed or slid by a user to initiate the monitoring, or may comprise at least one tab or release element that is released (e.g. pulled and/or otherwise removed) to initiate the monitoring. Additionally or alternatively, the actuator may comprise a magnetic switch that is operable by moving the timer relative to or into a magnetic field. The switch may be a proximity switch such as a magnetic switch, e.g., a reed switch.

[0014] In some embodiments, a seal may be configured to cover and/or close (e.g. to seal) any opening which may otherwise be created upon movement or removal of an actuator. The seal may comprise a gasket, such as a set of gasket elements located on or around the actuator to seal the opening. The set of gasket elements may comprise neoprene foam or other material suitable for expanding into and/or across the opening to seal the opening. The gasket elements may be resiliently biased towards a position in which they seal the opening, such that they provide a sealing mechanism that automatically seals the space that was previously occupied by the actuator, upon removal of the actuator.

[0015] In general, the actuator may comprise at least one tab. The at least one tab may include an end or region, e.g. a distal end or region, that is engageable by a user’s fingers to release the tab to initiate the monitoring.

[0016] When the actuator comprises at least one tab, at least part of the tab, e.g. a proximal end or region of the tab, may be interposed between electrical components of the timer device to prevent current flow to the electrical components. The electrical components may include the timer and a power source and the part of the tab may be interposed between the timer and the power source. Upon removal of the tab, electricity may begin to flow to the timer, causing initiation of the monitoring of the predetermined time period.

[0017] The predetermined time period that is monitored may be 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours or 108 hours in some examples, or any other time period that it is useful to monitor including times measured in days, months or years.

[0018] In some forms, the timer device may be configured to vary a predetermined time that the device is to monitor. In other forms, the timer device may be programmed with a predetermined time which is not able to be varied. In such a configuration, the user may advantageously be able to simply commence monitoring of the predetermined time, aware that the timer device is monitoring for the appropriate length of time, which may improve usability of the timer device.

[0019] In any aspects disclosed herein, the timer device may be configured to be coupled to another object or item, such as an item in relation to which a time period is to be monitored, by securement, mounting or a number of other mechanisms. When the timer device is a label, for example, it may comprise a fixing portion to fix the label to a support surface. The support surface may not be a part of the label. The fixing portion may comprise adhesive, e.g., an adhesive layer, to fix the label to the support surface. The fixing portion may comprise a backing layer that is releasable to expose the adhesive and place the label in a state for fixing to the support surface. In some embodiments release of the backing layer may initiate monitoring of the predetermined time period.

[0020] Other types of fixing portions may be provided, however, e.g., depending on the nature of a support surface to which the label is to be fixed. For example, the fixing portions may comprise a hook/loop fastener, a magnet, a clip, a silicone or elasticized loop, or otherwise.

[0021] In any aspects disclosed herein, the timer device may comprise a power source such as a battery to power a timer and a signalling apparatus of the timer device. The power source, signalling apparatus and timer may be comprised in an electronics unit. An electronics unit may be located in a housing, which may protect components of the electronic unit from damage.

[0022] A signalling apparatus may comprise one or more signalling elements that produce the alert signal. Signalling elements may comprise any one or more of a display, a loudspeaker, a vibration means, and a light, for example. The alert signal may comprise any one or more of an audible signal, a visual signal and a tactile signal, for example. The display may comprise any one or more of an LCD display, LED display, plasma display and E-ink display, for example. The light may comprise an LED or light bulb, for example.

[0023] When a display is provided, the display may provide an indication of the degree to which the predetermined time period has elapsed following commencement of monitoring of the predetermined time period (e.g., a countdown of time, a count up of time or other visual indicator). Where the display is used to provide an alert signal upon expiry of the predetermined time period, the display may flash or provide some other readily identifiable warning signal.

[0024] When a loudspeaker is provided, the loudspeaker may issue an alert signal by sounding, e.g., by beeping loudly.

[0025] When a light is provided, the light may issue an alert signal by turning on, turning off, flashing on and off, and/or by changing colour.

[0026] In addition to providing an alert signal on expiry of the predetermined time period, the signalling apparatus may provide one or more alert signals in the lead up to, or before, expiry of the predetermined time period e.g. to indicate that the predetermined time period is being monitored and the time period has not yet expired. The alert signals may be different for different portions of time in the lead up to expiry of the predetermined time period. For example, a first type of alert signal may be issued prior to expiry of the predetermined time period and a second type of alert signal may be issued on expiry of the predetermined time period. As another example, a first type of alert signal may be issued during a first time portion following initiation of monitoring of the predetermined time period, a second type of alert signal may be issued during a second time portion that follows the first time portion and is prior to expiry of the predetermined time period, and a third type of alert signal may be issued upon expiry of the predetermined time period. In the latter example, the first type of alert signal may indicate that there remains significant time until expiry of the predetermined time period, the second type of alert signal may indicate that expiry of the predetermined time is relatively soon or imminent, and the third alert signal may indicate that the predetermined time period has expired. The alert signals may be light signals that are different colours or different combinations of colours. The signalling apparatus may comprise at least one LED to provide the alert signal.

[0027] Any alert signal may be continually emitted, periodically emitted, or emitted only upon an actuation step being carried out by the user. The actuation step may comprise pressing of a button comprised in the timer device, for example. The actuation step may therefore enable a user to interrogate the status of the timer device, e.g., to check if the timer device is still monitoring the time period and/or to check if the predetermined time period has expired. The use of the actuation step may provide an energy saving measure. However, it may be preferred to exclude an actuation step to interrogate the status of the timer device to ensure that an alert signal is easily seen, heard and/or felt at all times.

[0028] In one embodiment, the signalling apparatus comprises one or more signalling elements that produce the alert signal, such as one or more lights that emit differently coloured light. In one example, where first and second types of alert signals are used, the first type of alert signal may include a first colour light, e.g., green light, and the second type of alert signal may include a second colour light, e.g., red light. In another example, where first, second and third alert signals are used, the first type of alert signal may include first colour light, e.g., green light, the second type of alert signal may include a second colour light, e.g. yellow light, or a combination of coloured light, e.g. alternating green and red light, and the third type of alert signal may include a third colour of light, e.g. red light. The alert signal may be emitted continuously or in a flashing, beeping or repeating pattern.

[0029] The timer device may be a single-use timer device that is inoperable to monitor a time period after providing the alert signal. Alternatively, the timer device may be capable of being reset, enabling multiple uses.

[0030] It will be understood that the above descriptions of potential arrangements of the display, loudspeaker, light, alert signal or signalling apparatus may be applicable to any timer device disclosed herein.

[0031] The timer device may comprise at least first and second portions that are releasably connected to each other. The timer device may be divisible into separated first and second portions by releasing a connection between the first and second portions. When the timer device is a label, the first portion may be located towards a first end of the label and the second portion may be located towards a second end of the label, opposite from the first end, along a longitudinal axis of the label, although other configurations are possible.

[0032] The first portion may be manually separable from the second portion. The connection between the first and second portions may comprise a frangible element, tear line, tear notch, perforations and/or other region of weakness that enables manual separation of the first and second portions. Thus, the first portion may be tom from the second portion, for example. In addition to or as an alternative to tearing, the first and second potions may be snapped apart, cut apart or otherwise. Cutting may involve use of scissors or other types of cutting elements. [0033] In some embodiments, at least the signalling apparatus may be comprised in the first portion of the timer device and at least the fixing portion may be comprised in the second portion of the timer device. In some embodiments, in addition to the signalling apparatus, the first portion further comprises the timer and the power source. Indeed, in some embodiments, all electrical components of the label may be comprised in the first portion.

[0034] By providing a first portion that comprises the electrical components and a second portion that comprises the fixing portion, the first and second portions of the timer device may take substantially different forms. For example, the second portion may be maintained as a relatively flexible, flat and/or discreet portion of the timer device that can be fixed to a number of different support surfaces, including contoured surfaces, while the first portion may be maintained as a relatively inflexible and/or bulky portion suitable for housing the electronics. Moreover, provision of first and second portions that are separable can allow the first portion to be removed or disconnected from a support surface to which the timer device is fixed (e.g. a notice board, paper records, a container or otherwise) while the second portion remains fixed to that support surface. Electrical components of the timer device such as the signalling apparatus may be relatively bulky. Accordingly, by locating electrical components in the first portion and permitting removal of the first portion from the second portion, e.g., after the predetermined time period has expired and the alert signal has been made, the second portion only may remain permanently attached to the support surface. The second portion may be relatively small and/or streamlined in comparison to the first portion. In addition to providing for a reduction in size of the timer device, removal of the first portion may provide a visual indication that the monitoring of the predetermined time period has expired and any necessary action has been taken as a result of its expiry. Moreover, when the signalling apparatus or other electronic elements are located in the first portion, providing the option of removing the first portion from the second portion fixed to a support surface can assist with waste disposal or recycling practices. It can allow the electrical components of the first portion to be disposed of using appropriate e-waste or e-recycling techniques, for example.

[0035] By optionally maintaining fixation of the second portion to a support surface, the second portion may provide a record in relation to the monitoring of the predetermined time period that remains part of the support surface, e.g. part of paper records, the notice board, the surface of a container or otherwise. [0036] Timer devices as disclosed herein may comprise a display portion to provide information relating to the item relating to the monitored predetermined time period. The display portion may comprise a surface on which a user can write information and/or a surface on which information is pre-printed. Where the timer device includes first and second portions as described above, the second portion may comprise the display portion, although another portion of a timer device may additionally or alternatively comprise a display portion.

[0037] According to one aspect of the present disclosure a timer device in the form of a label is provided, the label comprising: a first label portion, a second label portion and a third label portion, the third label portion being connected to, and located between, the first and second label portions; wherein the third label portion comprises a timer to monitor a predetermined time period and a signalling apparatus that provides an alert signal on expiry of the predetermined time period; and wherein the first and second label portions are configured to be fixed together so that the label forms a closed loop.

[0038] The first and second label portions may be configured to be permanently fixed together so that release of the closed loop cannot be performed without permanently damaging or permanently altering the label. One or both of the first and second label portions may comprise a fixing element to fix the first and second label portions together. The fixing element may be an adhesive layer, for example.

[0039] In some embodiments, one or both of the first and second label portions may comprise a first fixing element operable to fix the first and second label portions together to form a first closed loop and a second fixing element operable to fix the first and second label portions together to form a second closed loop. A releasable connection may be provided in the label between the first fixing element and the second fixing element. The releasable connection between the first fixing element and the second fixing element may comprise a frangible element, tear line, tear notch, perforations and/or other region of weakness. The fixing element(s) may be an adhesive layer.

[0040] The label may be configured to take the form of a band or other generally ring- shaped item that can extend around a support surface or article. While the article may be a product such as a medical device, container or otherwise, in some embodiments, it may be a body part such as a wrist or leg. In this regard the label may be a wearable device such as a wristband, leg band or similar. When the label is a wristband, for example, the first, second and third label portions may be considered first, second and third wristband portions.

[0041] The first label portion may be located towards a first end of the label and the second label portion may be located towards a second end of the label, opposite from the first end, e.g., along an axis such as a longitudinal axis of the label, the third label portion being located between the first and second label portions along the axis.

[0042] As indicated, to fix the first and second label portions together, one or both of the first and second label portions may comprise a fixing element such as adhesive, e.g., an adhesive layer. Each fixing element may comprise a backing layer that is releasable to expose the adhesive and place the label in a state for fixing. Other types of fixing elements may be provided, however, For example, the fixing elements may comprise a hook/loop fastener, a magnet, a clip or otherwise.

[0043] In some embodiments, the third label portion is releasably connected to one or both of the first label portion and the second label portion. The releasable connection between the label portions may comprise a frangible element, tear line, tear notch, perforations and/or other region of weakness that enables manual separation of the label portions. Thus, the third label portion may be tom from the first and/or second label portions, for example. In addition to or as an alternative to tearing, the first and second label portions may be snapped apart, cut apart or otherwise. Cutting may involve use of scissors or other types of cutting elements. Where a line of weakness is provided, e.g. a line of perforations, the line may extend in a direction that is perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the label.

[0044] The releasable connection between the third label portion and the first and/or second label portions may allow the closed loop to be opened without requiring release of the first label portion from the second label portion. The release of the connection may enable dismounting of the label from the support surface or article (e.g. from the wrist or otherwise). The release of the connection may be irreversible. For example, release by tearing of perforations or otherwise may permanently damage the label, preventing re-use of the label.

[0045] Moreover, providing the option of removing the third label portion from the first and/or second label portions can also assist with waste disposal or recycling practices as described above (albeit described above in relation to removal of a first label portion from a second label portion).

[0046] The label may be formed in part from a one-piece sheet of material that extends across the first, second and third label portions. One or more lines of perforations may be provided in the one-piece sheet of material. The one-piece sheet of material may be a plastic or paper material. For example, the one-piece sheet of material may comprise high-density polyethylene fibres, and may be a flashspun material, for example.

[0047] The third label portion may comprise a power source such as a battery to power the timer and the signalling apparatus. The power source, the signalling apparatus and the timer may be comprised in an electronics unit. The electronics unit may be located in a housing, which may protect the electrical components from damage. In some embodiments, all electrical components of the label may be comprised in the third label portion.

[0048] The timer and signalling apparatus may be configured generally in accordance with timers and signalling apparatuses described in other aspects. Actuation of the monitoring of the predetermined time period may use a tab or other mechanism as described above.

[0049] Following from the above, according to one aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a wristband comprising: a first wristband portion, a second wristband portion and a third wristband portion, the third wristband portion being connected to, and located between, the first and second wristband portions; wherein the third wristband portion comprises a timer to monitor a predetermined time period and a signalling apparatus that provides an alert signal on expiry of the predetermined time period; and wherein the first and second wristband portions are configured to be fixed together so that the wristband forms a closed loop; wherein the wristband is formed in part from a one-piece sheet of material that extends across the first, second and third wristband portions; wherein the third wristband portion is releasably connected to one or both of the first wristband portion and the second wristband portion, the releasable connection between the third wristband portion and the first and/or second wristband portions comprising a frangible element, tear line, tear notch, or perforations. [0050] Timer devices according to the present disclosure may include features that enable tracking of the device, identification of the device or otherwise. For example, an RFID chip may be comprised in the timer device, e.g. located in or on the timer, under a label or otherwise. Moreover, a QR code or barcode may be comprised in the timer device, e.g. in or on timer, on the label or otherwise. The timer device may have means to remotely communicate with other items, e.g. to enable remote interrogation of the timer device or otherwise.

[0051] In any aspect of the present disclosure, where the timer device such as a label is provided that is configured to be fixed to a support using a fixing portion, at least part of the fixing portion may be transparent or translucent such that the support is at least partially visible through the fixing portion.

[0052] Indeed, in one aspect, the present disclosure provides a timer device in the form of a label, the label comprising: a timer to monitor a predetermined time period and a signalling apparatus that provides an alert signal on expiry of the time period; and a fixing portion to fix the label to a support; wherein at least part of the fixing portion is a transparent or translucent such that the support is at least partially visible through the fixing portion.

[0053] The timer and signalling apparatus may be configured generally in accordance with timers and signalling apparatuses described in other aspects. Actuation of the monitoring of the predetermined time period may use a tab or other mechanism as described in other aspects.

[0054] The label may be fixed to the support by the fixing portion extending on or at least partially around the support. The fixing portion may be configured to extend around the support and fix to a surface of the support, fix to itself and/or fix to another surface of the label (e.g. by folding). The fixing portion may comprise a fixing element such as an adhesive layer. The fixing portion may comprise a base layer and the adhesive layer may be located on the base layer. Both the base layer and the adhesive layer may be at least partially transparent or translucent. The adhesive layer may be at least partially covered by a releasable backing layer.

[0055] The label may have parts that are separable generally in accordance with labels described above. For example, the label may have a first label portion comprising the timer and signalling apparatus, a second label portion comprising the fixing portion, and a frangible element, tear line, tear notch, perforations and/or other region of weakness between the first label portion and the second label portion that enables manual separation of the first label portion from the second label portion.

[0056] The transparency or translucency may be provided through use of transparent or translucent polymers and/or clear adhesives, for example.

[0057] In another aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a timer device in the form of a label, the label comprising: a housing comprising opposing front and rear surfaces, and a plurality of sides surfaces that extend between the front and rear surfaces and define a peripheral edge of the housing; a timer to monitor a predetermined time period and a signalling apparatus that provides an alert signal on expiry of the time period, the timer and signalling apparatus being at least partially located in the housing; and one or more fixing elements for fixing the housing to a support surface, wherein the housing comprises a groove extending at least partially along the peripheral edge of the housing.

[0058] The groove may provide a finger grip for the label. The groove may allow a user to grasp the label using their fingers, e.g. in order to manipulate the label when fixing the label to a support surface or when removing the label from a support surface.

[0059] Actuation of the monitoring of the predetermined time period may use a tab or other mechanism as described in other aspects. When at least one tab is used, the tab may be released to initiate the monitoring of the predetermined time period. The tab may extend through an opening such as a slot in the housing, the slot being located in the groove of the housing. Accordingly, the slot may be located in a generally recessed position on the outer surface of the housing. This may provide for protection of the slot and may reduce the likelihood of damage of the slot or ingress of contaminants through the slot into the housing. The slot may be associated with a gasket to seal the slot, e.g. in accordance with aspects described above.

[0060] In some embodiments, the groove may extend around the entire peripheral edge of the housing. In other embodiments, the groove may extend only partially around the peripheral edge of the housing. For example, the groove may be located at least partially along the first and second side surfaces of the housing only.

[0061] The fixing portion may comprise an adhesive layer on the rear surface of the housing. Additionally or alternatively, the fixing portion may comprise one or more magnets. The one or more magnets may be configured for selectively fixing a front or rear surface of the housing to a support surface.

[0062] Throughout this specification the word "comprise", or variations such as “includes”, “has” and “having”, "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.

Brief Description of Drawings

[0063] By way of example only, embodiments of the present disclosure are now described with reference to the Figures in which:

[0064] Fig. la shows a close-up view of an electronics unit and tab used in embodiments according to the present disclosure, and Fig. lb shows a sealing mechanism employed in relation to the electronics unit and tab;

[0065] Fig. 2 shows a schematic drawing of electronic components of the electronics unit of Fig. la;

[0066] Figs. 3a and 3b show a front view and side view, respectively, of a label according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0067] Fig. 4 shows example use of the label of Figs. 3a and 3b;

[0068] Fig. 5a and 5b show a front view and side view, respectively, of a label according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0069] Fig. 6a and 6b show a front view and side view, respectively, of a label according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0070] Figs. 7a and 7b show a front view and side view, respectively, of a label according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0071] Fig. 8 shows example use of the label of Figs. 7a and 7b; [0072] Figs. 9a and 9b show a front view and rear view, respectively, of a label according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0073] Figs. 10a and 10b show a left side view and right side view, respectively, of the label of Figs. 9a and 9b;

[0074] Figs. 1 la and 1 lb show a front view and rear view, respectively, of a label according to another embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0075] Figs. 12a and 12b show a left side view and right side view, respectively, of the label of Figs. 11a and lib.

Description of Embodiments

[0076] Examples of timer devices, such as timer devices in the form of a label and/or wristband, will be described in further detail below, including with reference to figures.

[0077] Timer devices according to embodiments of the present disclosure include a timer to monitor a predetermined time period and a signalling apparatus that provides an alert signal on expiry of the predetermined time period..

[0078] The timer devices according to embodiments of the present disclosure can include an electronics unit that is configured, for example, substantially in accordance with the electronics unit used in a label assembly as described in PCT Publication No.

W02019051549A1, at paragraphs [0130] to [0154] and the associated Figures, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The electronics unit 1150 may be located in a housing that is configured, for example, substantially in accordance with the electronics unit used in the label assembly as described in PCT Publication No. WO2019051549A1 at paragraphs [0130] to [0154]

[0079] A close-up view of such an electronics unit 1150 is provided in Fig. la of the present application. The electronics unit 1150 includes a printed circuit board (PCB) 1151 on which a battery 1152 is mounted along with a first LED 1153, a second LED 1154 and a processor (microchip) 1155. The battery 1152 provides a source of power for the LEDs 1153, 1154 and the processor 1155.

[0080] The electronics unit 1150 provides the timer to monitor the predetermined time period and the signalling apparatus to provide the alert signal on expiry of the predetermined time period. Referring to Fig. 2, which provides a schematic illustration of components of the electronics unit 1150, the timer is provided at least in part by a timing module 1157 of the processor 1155, and is configured in this embodiment to start timing when electricity is supplied to the processor 1155 from the battery 1152. The signalling apparatus is controlled by a signalling module 1158 of the processor 1155 and provided at least in part by the first and/or second LEDs 1153, 1154.

[0081] Electricity is provided to the processor 1155, and to the LEDS 1153, 1554, via an electrical circuit including the PCB 1151. Referring again to Fig. la, the electrical circuit is connected to the battery 1152 by a first electrical contact (not visible) and a second electrical contact 1156. The first electrical contact is positioned on the PCB 1151, underneath the battery 1152, to electrically contact a first terminal of the battery 1151. The second electrical contact 1156 is provided by a flexible conductive arm that forms a bridge from the PCB 1151 over the battery 1152 to electrically contact a second terminal of the battery 1152. The second electrical contact 1156 also clips the battery 1152 in place, holding it firmly in position against the PCB 1151.

[0082] An actuator in the form of a tab 1030, as also seen in Fig. lb, is provided to initiate the monitoring of the predetermined time period by the timer. The tab 1030 has a proximal end 1031 that can extend into the housing via an opening in the housing. The tab may be removed via the opening to initiate the monitoring of the predetermined time period.

[0083] Referring to Fig. la, the proximal end 1031 of the tab 1030, which is non- conductive, is positioned under the battery 1152 between the first terminal of the battery 1152 and the first electrical contact of the PCB 1151. While the first end 1031 is in this position, the first electrical contact is insulated from the first terminal of the battery 1152 by the tab 1030 and the electrical circuit is therefore incomplete (open). In this state, electricity cannot flow from the battery 1152 to other components of the electronics unit including the processor 1155. However, when the first end 1031 of the tab 1030 is removed, e.g. as a result of a user pulling the distal end of the tab 1030 in a direction away from the electronics unit 1150, the first terminal of the battery 1152 and the first electrical contact are configured to touch so as to complete (close) the electrical circuit. When complete, electricity can flow from the battery 1152 to the processor 1155, which can provide a trigger to initiate monitoring of the predetermined time period by the timing device.

[0084] The LEDs 1153, 1154 may be visible at a front surface of the timer device, e.g. through translucent material that is at least partially used to form the timer device.

[0085] In some embodiments, three different types of alert signals may be provided by the signalling apparatus: flashing green light; flashing green and red light; and flashing red light. The flashing green light is issued during a first time portion following initiation of monitoring of the predetermined time period (in this example from 0 hours to 30 hours), indicating that there is still a considerable amount of the predetermined time period that remains. The flashing green and red light is issued during a second time portion that follows the first time portion and is prior to expiry of the predetermined time period, providing a warning that expiry of the predetermined time is relatively soon or imminent. Finally, the flashing red light is issued upon expiry of the predetermined time period.

[0086] Prompted by the alert signals, a user may elect to perform a check in relation to an item or activity that is being monitored.

[0087] As discussed above, the actuator (tab) 1030 can be removed, e.g. through an opening in the housing, to initiate monitoring of the time period. A sealing mechanism may be provided, such as opposing resiliently flexible sealing or gasket elements 1032 held within the electronics unit housing, either side of the tab adjacent the opening, to seal the opening after removal of the tab 1030. This allows the timer device to maintain a sealed configuration during use, protecting the electrical components of the device from contamination as a result of ingress of contaminants. When the timer device is for medical use, the sealing mechanism may prevent body fluids entering the timer device. Such a sealing mechanism may be employed in any embodiments described herein, particularly where a removable actuator tab is employed.

[0088] Front and side views of a timer device and particularly a timer device in the form of a label 12100, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, are shown in Figs. 3a and 3b. The label 12100 includes a timer to monitor a predetermined time period and a signalling apparatus that provides an alert signal on expiry of the predetermined time period.

[0089] The label 12100 has a substantially planar configuration, with substantially rectangular front and rear surfaces 12111, 12112, a first end edge 12113, a second end edge 12114, a first side edge 12115 and a second side edge 12116. The length direction of the label 12100 extends between the first and second end edges 12113, 12114 and the width direction of the label 12100 extends between the first and second side edges 12115, 12116. [0090] In the length direction of the label 12100, the label 12100 includes a first label portion 12121, a second label portion 12122 and a third label portion 12123, the first label portion 12121 being located towards the first end 12113 of the label 12100, the second label portion 12122 being located towards the second end 12114 of the label 12100 and the third label portion 12123 being located between the first and second label portions 12121, 12122.

[0091] The first and second label portions 12121, 12122 are fixable together so that the label forms a closed loop. In this embodiment, at least one of the first and second label portions 12121, 12122 comprises a layer of adhesive 12133 (providing a form of fixing element) covered by a releasable backing layer. The backing layer is releasable, e.g. by peeling, to expose the adhesive layer 12133. In this embodiment, the layer of adhesive is provided on the front surface 12111, although may be provided on the rear surface 12112 in alternative embodiments.

[0092] The first and second label portions 12111, 12112 are configured to be permanently fixed together so that release of the closed loop may not be performed without permanently damaging or permanently altering the label 12100. In general, when formed into a closed loop, the label 12100 is configured to take the form of a band or other generally ring-shaped item that can extend around a support surface or article. While the article may be a product such as a medical device, container or otherwise, in some embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, it may be a body part such as a wrist 12199. In this regard the label 12100 may be a wearable device such as a wristband, leg band or similar. Thus, the label may be a wristband and the first, second and third label portions may be considered first, second and third wristband portions.

[0093] In this embodiment, the label is 12100 formed in part from a one-piece sheet of material that extends across the entire label 12100 between the end and side edges 12113, 12114, 12115, 12116. The one-piece sheet of material may be a plastic or paper material. For example, the one-piece sheet of material may comprise high-density polyethylene fibres, and may be a flashspun material, for example. The one-piece sheet of material may be the only layer that extends across the entire label 12100 between the end and side edges 12113, 12114, 12115, 12116 to form a front panel 12170 of the label 12100, although in alternative embodiments it may be one of a number of layers that extend across the entire label between the end and side edges, in a laminar construction to form a front panel of the label. [0094] The label 12100 is substantially flat, except at a region where it includes a housing 12140, an electronics unit being located in the housing 12140. The housing 12140 and/or the electronics unit can be formed in a similar or identical manner to the housing and electronics unit 1150 described above with reference to Figs la to 2. The housing 12140 can be formed by a portion of the front panel 12170 and an opposing relief in a housing section 12150 that is affixed to that portion of the front panel 12170, and projects rearwardly from the front panel 12170. The electronics unit comprises the timer to monitor the predetermined time period and the signalling apparatus that provides an alert signal on expiry of the predetermined time period. In this embodiment, the alert signal is provided by one or more LEDs that are visible through a window 12127 at the front surface of the third label portion 12123.

[0095] The label 12100 includes an actuator to initiate the monitoring of the predetermined time period by the timer. In this embodiment, the actuator is provided by a tab 12160. The tab 12160 has a proximal end that extends into the housing 12140 to interact with components of the electronics unit within the housing 12140 and an opposite distal end 12162 that is engageable by the user to pull the tab 12160 from the housing 12140. Pulling the tab 12160 can initiate the monitoring of the predetermined time period by allowing completion of an electrical circuit in the electronics unit in a similar manner to that described above with reference to the electronics unit 1150 of Fig. la. A sealing mechanism may be employed adjacent an opening in the housing 12140 through which the tab 12160 is pulled, e.g. substantially as described above with reference to Fig. lb.

[0096] In this embodiment, a first line of perforations 12124 extends between the first and second side edges 12115, 12116 of the label 12100 in the width direction of the label 12100, directly between the first and third label portions 12121, 12123, and a second line of perforations 12125 extends between the first and second side edges 12115, 12116 of the label 12100 in the width direction of the label 12100, directly between the second and third label portions 12122, 12123. The lines of perforations 12124, 12125 are provided in the one-piece sheet of material that extends across the label 12100 between the end and side edges 12113, 12114, 12115, 12116. The third label portion 12121 is therefore separable from the first and second label portion 12121, 12122 by a user tearing along the first and second lines of perforations 12124, 12125. The releasable connection between the third label portion 12123 and the first and/or second label portions 12121, 12122 may allow the closed loop to be opened without requiring release of the first label portion 12121 from the second label portion 12122. The release of the connection between the third label portion 12123 and the first and/or second label portions 12121, 12122 may enable dismounting of the label 12100 from the support surface or article (e.g. from the wrist 12199 or otherwise). The release of the connection between the third label portion 12123 and the first and/or second label portions 12121, 12122 may be irreversible. For example, release by tearing of perforations or otherwise may permanently damage the label 12100, preventing re-use of the label 12100. Moreover, providing the option of removing the third label portion 12123 from the first and/or second label portions 12121, 12122 can also assist with waste disposal or recycling practices as described above.

[0097] In an alternative embodiment, as illustrated in Figs. 5a and 5b, a label 12100’ is provided that is otherwise identical to the label 12100 described above with reference to Figs. 3a to 4, but which has only one line of perforations 12125, to allow the closed loop to be opened without requiring release of the first label portion 12121 from the second label portion 12122. In this embodiment the line of perforations 12125 is located between the second label portion 12122 and the third label portion 12123, although alternatively it might be located between the first label portion 12121 and the third label portion 12123.

[0098] In an alternative embodiment, as illustrated in Figs. 6a and 6b, a label 12100” is provided that is otherwise identical to the label 12100 described above with reference to Figs. 3a to 4, but which includes a modified second label portion 12122’. In particular, the second label portion 12122’ includes first and second fixing elements 12133a, 12133b disposed relative to each other along the longitudinal axis of the label 12100’. A line of perforations 12126 is provided in the second label portion 12122’ between the first and second fixing elements 12133a, 12133b. Each fixing element 12133a, 12133b comprises a layer of adhesive covered by a releasable backing layer. The backing layer is releasable, e.g. by peeling, to expose the respective adhesive layer 12133a, 12133b. In this embodiment, each fixing element is provided on the rear surface 12112, although may be provided on the front surface 12111 in alternative embodiments.

[0099] By providing the two fixing elements 12133a, 12133b, and the line of perforations 12126 between the two fixing elements, the label 12100” may be manipulated to form a closed loop using one fixing element, released, and then manipulated again to form a closed loop using the other fixing element. This may allow substantially continuous use of the label before and after a procedure where the label has to be removed from a person’s body, such as an MRI procedure. In particular, the label 12100” may be manipulated to form a closed loop by affixing the first label portion 12121 to the first fixing element 12133a, the closed loop may then be released by tearing along the line of perforations 12126 between the two fixing elements 12133a, 12133b, and then the first label portion (with a portion of the original second label portion possibly affixed thereto) may be affixed to the second fixing element 12133b to re-form the closed loop. In this embodiment, there is no line of perforations separating the second label portion 12122’ from the third label portion 12123, although one may additionally be provided.

[0100] Front and side views of a label 13100 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure are shown in Figs. 7a and 7b. Like preceding embodiments, the label 13100 includes a timer to monitor a predetermined time period and a signalling apparatus that provides an alert signal on expiry of the predetermined time period.

[0101] The label 13100 has a substantially planar configuration, with substantially rectangular front and rear surfaces 13111, 13112, a first end edge 13113, a second end edge 13114, a first side edge 13115 and a second side edge 13116. The length direction of the label 13100 extends between the first and second end edges 13113, 13114 and the width direction of the label 13100 extends between the first and second side edges 13115, 13116.

[0102] In the length direction of the label 13111, the label 13100 includes a first label portion 13121 and a second label portion 13122, the first label portion 13121 being located towards the first end 13113 of the label 13100 and the second label 13122 portion being located towards the second end 13114 of the label 13100.

[0103] The second label portion 13122 provides a fixing portion of the label to fix the label to a support such as a transparent IV tube 13199 as illustrated in Fig. 8. The fixing portion 13122 is configured to fix the label 13100 to the support 13199 by extending around the support and fixing to the support 13199, fixing to itself and/or fixing to another surface of the label 13100 (e.g. by folding). In this embodiment, the fixing portion 13122 comprises a layer of adhesive 13133 covered by a releasable backing layer. The backing layer is releasable, e.g. by peeling, to expose the adhesive layer 13133.

[0104] The second/fixing portion of the label 13122 includes base layer of material that is that partially transparent, the layer of adhesive coating the base layer. The base layer and adhesive layer are both at least partially transparent or translucent. The transparency or translucency in the base layer may be provided through use of transparent or translucent polymer in the base layer, for example, and transparent or translucency in the adhesive may be provided through use of a clear adhesive.

[0105] In general, the fixing portion 13122 of the label 13100 is at least partially transparent or translucent such that, when the label 13100 is fixed to the support 13199, the support 13199 is at least partially visible through the fixing portion.

[0106] By providing for at least partial visibility of the support 13199 through the fixing portion 13122, it may be possible to view more of the support 13199 than would otherwise be possible. For example, where the support 13199 is a transparent IV tube as shown in Fig. 8, it may be possible to check substantially the entire IV tube for patency. In simple terms, this means checking that the line is open and not blocked. By providing for at least partial visibility of the support 13199 through the fixing portion, it may be possible to check that a blockage is not present in the IV tube at the particular position where the label 13100 is fixed. Nevertheless, use of a the label 13100 having a transparent or translucent fixing portion is not limited to use with IV tubes only. The label 13100 may be used in a variety of situations where it is desirable to reduce obscuring of an underlying label support.

[0107] In contrast to the second/fixing 13122 portion of the label 13100, the first label portion 13121 of the label 13100 may or may not comprise transparent or translucent material

[0108] In this embodiment, the label 13100 is substantially flat, except at a region where it includes a housing 13140, an electronics unit being located in the housing 13140. The housing 13140 and the electronics unit are formed in a similar or identical manner to the housing and electronics unit 1150 described above with reference to Figs la to 2. The electronics unit again comprises the timer to monitor the predetermined time period and the signalling apparatus that provides an alert signal on expiry of the predetermined time period. In this embodiment, the alert signal is provided by one or more LEDs that are visible through a window 13127 at the front surface of the first label portion 13121.

[0109] The label 13100 includes an actuator to initiate the monitoring of the predetermined time period by the timer. In this embodiment, the actuator is provided by a tab 13160. The tab 13160 has a proximal end that extends into the housing 13140 to interact with components of the electronics unit within the housing 13140 and an opposite distal end 13162 that is engageable by the user to pull the tab 13160 from the housing 13140. Pulling the tab 13160 can initiate the monitoring of the predetermined time period by allowing completion of an electrical circuit in the electronics unit in a similar manner to that described above with reference to the electronics unit 1150 of Fig. la. A sealing mechanism may be employed adjacent an opening in the housing 13140 through which the tab 13160 is pulled, e.g. substantially as described above with reference to Fig. lb.

[0110] In this embodiment, a line of perforations 13124 extends between the first and second side edges 13115, 13116 of the label 13100 in the width direction of the label 13100, directly between the first and second label portions 13121, 13122. The second label portion (fixing portion) 13122 is therefore separable from the first label portion 13121 by a user tearing along the lines of perforations 13124. The releasable connection between the first and second label portions 13121, 13122 can allow the first portion 13121 to be removed or disconnected from a support surface to which the label is fixed (e.g. IV tube 13199 or otherwise) while the second portion 13122 remains fixed to that support surface. Moreover, providing the option of removing the second label portion 13122 from the first label portion 13121 can also assist with waste disposal or recycling practices as described above.

[0111] Front, rear and side views of a label 14100 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure are shown in Figs. 9a to 10b. Like preceding embodiments, the label 14100 includes a timer to monitor a predetermined time period and a signalling apparatus that provides an alert signal on expiry of the predetermined time period.

[0112] The label 14100 includes a housing 14140 comprising opposing front and rear surfaces 14111, 14112, and a plurality of sides surfaces that extend between the front and rear surfaces and define a peripheral edge of the housing. The side surfaces include a first end surface 14113, a second end surface 14114, a first side surface 14115 and a second side surface 14116. An electronics unit is located in the housing 14140, the electronics unit being formed in a similar or identical manner to the electronics unit 1150 described above with reference to Figs. 2a to 4. The electronics unit again comprises the timer to monitor the predetermined time period and the signalling apparatus that provides an alert signal on expiry of the predetermined time period. In this embodiment, the alert signal is provided by one or more LEDs that are visible through a window 14127 at the front surface of the housing 14100.

[0113] The label 14100 includes a fixing portion 14122 that is configured to fix the label 14100 to a support surface. In this embodiment, the fixing portion 14122 comprises a layer of adhesive located over the rear surface 14112 of the label 14100, the adhesive layer being covered by a releasable backing layer. The backing layer is releasable, e.g. by peeling, to expose the adhesive layer.

[0114] The housing 14140 of the label 14100 includes a groove 14117 that extends around the entire peripheral edge of the housing 14140. The groove 14117 provides for a finger grip, allowing a user to grasp the label 14100 using their fingers, e.g. in order to manipulate the label 14100 when fixing the label 14100 to a support surface or when removing the label 14100 from a support surface. In alterative embodiments, the groove may extend only partially around the peripheral edge of the housing. For example, the groove may be located at least partially along the first side surface 14115 and the second side surface 14116 only.

[0115] The label 14100 includes an actuator to initiate the monitoring of the predetermined time period by the timer. In this embodiment, the actuator is provided by a tab 14160. The tab 14160 has a proximal end that extends into the housing 14140, via a slot 14161 in the housing 14140, to interact with components of the electronics unit within the housing 14140. An opposite distal end 14162 of the tab 14160 is engageable by the user to pull the tab 14160 from the housing 14140. Pulling the tab 14160 can initiate the monitoring of the predetermined time period by allowing completion of an electrical circuit in the electronics unit in a similar manner to that described above with reference to the electronics unit 1150 of Fig. la. In this embodiment, the slot 14161 is positioned in the groove 14117, and substantially the most recessed point of the groove 14117. Accordingly, the slot 14161 is located in a generally recessed position on the outer surface of the housing 14140. This provides for protection of the slot 14161 and reduces the likelihood of damage of the slot 14161 or ingress of contaminants through the slot 14161 into the housing 14160. A sealing mechanism may be employed adjacent the slot 14161 in the housing 14140 through which the tab 14160 is pulled, e.g. substantially as described above with reference to Fig. lb.

[0116] Front, rear and side views of a label 14100’ according to another embodiment of the present disclosure are shown in Figs. 1 la to 12b. The label 14100’ is substantially identical to the label 14100 described above with reference to Figs. 9a to 10b, except that it employs one or more magnets 14122’, instead of an adhesive layer, to fix the label 14140’ to a support surface. The magnets 14122’ are positioned in or on the housing 14140 such that either one of the front surface 14111 or the rear surface 14122 of the housing may be selectively fixed magnetically to a support surface. In either orientation, the groove 14117 remains accessible to a user in order to manipulate the label 14100 when fixing the label 14100’ to the support surface or when removing the label 14100’ from the support surface.

[0117] It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments, without departing from the broad general scope of the present disclosure. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.

[0118] The following are numbered, non-limiting examples of features of the present disclosure, in accordance with one or more aspects and/or embodiments described above.

Example 1. A label comprising: a first label portion, a second label portion and a third label portion, the third label portion being connected to, and located between, the first and second label portions; wherein the third label portion comprises a timer to monitor a predetermined time period and a signalling apparatus that provides an alert signal on expiry of the predetermined time period; and wherein the first and second label portions are configured to be fixed together so that the label forms a closed loop.

Example 2. The label of Example 1, wherein the first and second label portions are configured to be permanently fixed together so that release of the closed loop cannot be performed without permanently damaging or permanently altering the label.

Example 3. The label of Example 1 or 2, wherein one or both of the first and second label portions comprises a fixing element to fix the first and second label portions together.

Example 4. The label of Example 1, 2 or 3, wherein one or both of the first and second label portions comprises a first fixing element operable to fix the first and second label portions together to form a first closed loop and a second fixing element to operable fix the first and second label portions together to form a second closed loop.

Example 5. The label of Example 4, wherein a releasable connection is provided in the label between the first fixing element and the second fixing element. Example 6. The label of Example 5, wherein the releasable connection between the first fixing element and the second fixing element comprises a frangible element, tear line, tear notch, perforations and/or other region of weakness.

Example 7. The label of any one of Examples 3 to 6, wherein the fixing element(s) is an adhesive layer.

Example 8. The label of any one of Examples 1 to 7, wherein the third label portion is releasably connected to one or both of the first label portion and the second label portion.

Example 9. The label of Example 8, wherein the releasable connection between the third label portion and the first and/or second label portions comprises a frangible element, tear line, tear notch, perforations and/or other region of weakness that enables manual separation of the label portions.

Example 10. The label of Example 8 or 9, wherein the releasable connection between the third label portion and the first and/or second label portions allows the closed loop to be opened without requiring release of the first portion from the second portion.

Example 11. The label of any one of Examples 1 to 10, wherein the label is formed in part from a one-piece sheet of material that extends across the first, second and third label portions.

Example 12. The label of any one of Examples lto 11, wherein the label is a wristband or is configured to be used as a wristband.

Example 13. A label comprising: a timer to monitor a predetermined time period and a signalling apparatus that provides an alert signal on expiry of the time period; and a fixing portion to fix the label to a support; wherein at least part of the fixing portion is a transparent or translucent such that the support is at least partially visible through the fixing portion.

Example 14. The label of Example 13, wherein the label is configured to be fixed to the support by the fixing portion extending on or at least partially around the support.

Example 15. The label of Example 14, wherein the fixing portion is configured to extend around the support and fix to a surface of the support, fix to itself and/or fix to another surface of the label. Example 16. The label of Example 14, 15, or 16, wherein the fixing portion comprises an adhesive layer.

Example 17. The label of Example 16, wherein the adhesive layer is at least partially transparent.

Example 18. The label of Example 16 or 17 , wherein the fixing portion comprises a base layer, the adhesive layer being located on the base layer, wherein the base layer is at least partially transparent.

Example 19. The label of any one of Examples 13 to 18 wherein the label has a first label portion comprising the timer and signalling apparatus, and a second label portion providing the fixing portion, and a frangible element, tear line, tear notch, perforations and/or other region of weakness between the first label portion and the second label portion that enables manual separation of the first label portion from the second label portion.

Example 20. A wristband comprising: a first wristband portion, a second wristband portion and a third wristband portion, the third wristband portion being connected to, and located between, the first and second wristband portions; wherein the third wristband portion comprises a timer to monitor a predetermined time period and a signalling apparatus that provides an alert signal on expiry of the predetermined time period; and wherein the first and second wristband portions are configured to be fixed together so that the wristband forms a closed loop; wherein the wristband is formed in part from a one-piece sheet of material that extends across the first, second and third wristband portions; wherein the third wristband portion is releasably connected to one or both of the first wristband portion and the second wristband portion, the releasable connection between the third wristband portion and the first and/or second wristband portions comprising a frangible element, tear line, tear notch, or perforations.

Example 21. The wristband of Example 20, wherein the first and second wristband portions are configured to be permanently fixed together so that release of the closed loop cannot be performed without permanently damaging the wristband. Example 22. The wristband of Example 20 or 21, wherein one or both of the first and second wristband portions comprises a fixing element to fix the first and second wristband portions together.

Example 23. The wristband of Example 22, wherein the fixing element is an adhesive layer. Example 24. A label comprising: a housing comprising opposing front and rear surfaces, and a plurality of sides surfaces that extend between the front and rear surfaces and define a peripheral edge of the housing; a timer to monitor a predetermined time period and a signalling apparatus that provides an alert signal on expiry of the time period, the timer and signalling apparatus being at least partially located in the housing; and one or more fixing elements for fixing the housing to a support surface, wherein the housing comprises a groove extending at least partially along the peripheral edge of the housing.

Example 25. The label of Example 24, wherein the groove provides a finger grip for the label.

Example 26. The label of Example 24 or 25, comprising at least one tab that is released to initiate the monitoring of the predetermined time period.

Example 27. The label of Example 24, 25 or 26, wherein the tab extends through a slot in the housing, and wherein the slot is located in the groove of the housing.

Example 28. The label of any one of Examples 24 to 27, wherein the groove extends around the entire peripheral edge of the housing.

Example 29. The label of any one of Examples 24 to 29 wherein the fixing portion comprises an adhesive layer on a rear surface of the housing.

Example 30. The label of any one of Examples 24 to 30, wherein the fixing portion comprises one or more magnets.

Example 31. The label of Example 30, wherein the one or more magnets are configured for selectively fixing a front or rear surface of the housing to a support surface.