| DE2838434C2 | 1982-06-09 | |||
| US3388917A | 1968-06-18 | |||
| SE3128893A | ||||
| US3250542A | 1966-05-10 |
| 1. | A tool holder for elongate machining tools such as lathe shafts consisting of a tool attachment (7), having an aperture (8) to receive a tubular part (2) with peripheral flange (3), the tubular part (2) being provided outside its inner wall with a tubular space (4) for a pressure medium utilized to alter the inner diameter of the tubular part, characterised in that one or more preferably adjustable nozzles for a coolant is/are arranged within the confines of the peripheral flange (3) at the tool attachment (7), and that opposite each nozzle the peripheral fiance is provided with a passage for coolant. |
| 2. | A tool holder as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that said passage 10 or passages is/are formed by a flange sector being omitted from the flange. |
| 3. | A tool holder as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the peri¬ pheral flange is provided at its rear, close to its inner and outer edges, with sealing rings forming a peripheral channel communicating with coolant from the tool attachment (7) and that preferably adjustable nozzles arranged on the front 15 side of the peripheral flange communicate with said peripheral channel. |
| 4. | A tool holder as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that means are provided radially or tangentially for regulating pressure medium. |
The present invention relates to a tool holder. The holder is included in a processing machine and constitutes a holder for a machining tool such as a lathe shaft. The holder is secured in the machine by a tool attachment which may either be permanet or be located on a unit containing several tool holders in order to enable several machining operations to be carried out one after the other. Frequently the machining tool must be rather long so that machining can be performed in the hollow interior of a wor piece. With long machining tools there is a considerable risk of the tool being subjected to vibration, thus resulting in a poorer quality of machining. Several attempts have been made to reduce the occurrence of vibration. The tool shaft has, for instance, been arranged in a cradle with several screw joints pressing the shaft against the cradle. The vibration was not reduced as desired and wear occurred at the mouth of the holder, giving rise to further vibration. The problem of vibration is troublesome as is evident, for instance, from Sandvik Coromant's publication entitled "Turning with dampened lathe shafts" HV-5300.008-SWE.
One method of reducing the undersired vibrations in the case of long machining tools is to replace mechanical attachment means by a hydraulic retention arrangement. This is achieved by providing a tool holder with an aperture to receive the shaft of the machining tool. Inside the wall of the aperture is a tubular space which can be filled with a medium such as oil or fat. If this medium is subject to pressure the walls of the aperture will be forced inwards, thereby clamping the shaft of the machining tool extremely firmly. The force achieved in this way exceeds any force which can be achieved by mechanical means. Inner sleeves or bushings having the same outer diameter as the inner diameter of the aperture, but with different inner diameters can be inserted into the aperture, thereby enabling the tool holder to be used for machining tools of different thicknesses.
A suitable embodiment is a bushing provided with a through-hole and a tubular part. An annular space of the type described above is arranged in the bushing and inside the wall of the aperture. The sleeve is inserted into the holder aperture and medium in the annular space is then subjected to pressure so that the tool inserted is firmly clamped, as well as the outer wall of the sleeve being firmly clamped against the wall of the aperture.
The bushing described is usually provided with a peripheral ring or flange which is located at the outer end of the bushing and designed to be located outside the holder aperture. The flange includes means to influence the medium.
Problems arise in cooling the machining part of the machining tool. These are solved by arranging one or more nozzles for coolant within the area normally covered by a flange and located in the unit containing the holder aperture. The flange is so designed that parts thereof located opposite a nozzle have been removed. Suitable a sector-shaped part of the flange is removed. The remaining part pre erably encompasses an angle of up to 300 .
Futher characteristics of the present invention are revealed in the appended claims.
Known designs will be described in more detail with reference to the first three sheets of the accompanying drawings and the design according to the invention with reference to the fourth sheet, in which
Figure 1 shows the end view of a bushing intended for insertion into the aperture of a tool holder,
Figure 2 shows the bushing seen from the side,
Figure 3 shows the bushing during insertion into a tool holder
Figure shows a tool holder together with a machining tool in operation, Figure 5 shows the bushing according to the invention, and
Figure 6 shows the latter bushing together with a tool holder.
Figures 1 and 2 show a sleeve or bushing 1 with tubular part 2 and an annular end portion 3. Inside the sleeve is a space which communicates with a conduit 5 for the supply of medium. The conduit 5 communicates with a means 6 for regulating the pressure of the medium inside the space <-*. The pressure is regulated by a screw which can be tightened or loosened. The inner sleeve or bushing shown in Figures 1 and 2 is intended to be inserted in a tool holder 7 by way of the through-hole 8 in the holder 7. The tool holder is secured to a tool attachment 9 which may either be permanently secured or may be mounted on a movable member provided with several machining tools. In Figure the inner sleeve or bushing is fully inserted into the tool holder 7. A lathe shaft 10 is also
inserted into the aperture in the inner sleeve or bushing. The means 6 is now actuated, thereby subjecting the lathe shaft 10 to an inwardly directed pressure which may be in the order of 2000 bar. At the same time as the shaft is subjected to an inwardly directed pressure, the outer wall of the space is also 5 subjected to an outwardly directed pressure. A high clamping force is thus obtained in the tool holder itself. The front end of the shaft 10 is provided with a machining tool for maching a workpiece 11.
Another way to firmly clamp a machining tool is for each machining tool to be provided with a sleeve 2 having a peripheral space 4. Each tool may be provided 10 with such a sleeve which is permanently built in. After insertion into the aperture 8 the medium in the space 4 of the built-in sleeve in the tool is subjected to pressure and the tool is thus firmly clamped in the tool holder 7.
Figures 5 and 6 show a bushing 2 and 12 having a flange 12 in sector form. Below the flange 12 shown in Figure 6, in the front transverse wall of the tool holder 7, ■ -- is/are one or more nozzles in the area which would have been covered by removed flange parts. The nozzles communicate with a pressure medium source and can be directed towards the tip of a lathe shaft 10.
The nozzles mentioned above may also be placed on the front side of the flange 3 or 12. Sealing O-rings are arranged at the inner and outer edges on the rear of 20 the flange, to form a peripheral channel for coolant. The nozzles at the front of the flange are connected to this peripheral channel.
The arrangement 6 may be directed either radially or tangentially in Figure 1 and also in the other igures.