| JPH0525999A | 1993-02-02 | |||
| US5110188A | 1992-05-05 | |||
| DE3125082A1 | 1983-01-13 | |||
| DE3410121A1 | 1985-10-03 | |||
| JP2004353322A | 2004-12-16 |
P a t e n t c l a i m s
1. Tunnelling machine for full-profile driving of tunnels primarily with horseshoe- shaped transverse profile, consisting of rotation circular front cutting head connected to the driving equipment, as well as of conveyer system catching and transferring the excavated material, and of other outfit related to the function of circular front cutting head, characterised in that it either includes the supporting casing (1 ) mounted on sliding shaft (2) with rotation front cutting head (3), or the tunnelling machine jacket is used as the supporting casing (10); the supporting casing (1 ,10) is equipped with fixing system (1.1 , 10.1 ), two finishing cutting heads (4) in mutual mirror- and symmetrical arrangement with respect to the axis (3.1 ) of rotation of the front cutting head, and are mounted (from the machine movement view) after the rotation front cutting head (3), and each finishing cutting heads (4) has a rotation body (4.1 ),
- which is swivel-mounted on non-rotary shaft (5.2.2) attached to the fixing system (1.1 , 10.1 ) and with a hole (5.2.4) in it with the system (5.2.5) for the supply of electric power or pressurized liquid, and with the system (5.2.6) for the supply of cooling liquid; the rotation body (4.1 ) has the shape of rotation surface formed by the convex-shaped section (4.1.1 ) transferring, by cranking or rounding, into the section with conical or coniform shape, and the rotation axis (4.2) of the rotation surface is identical with longitudinal axis (5.2.3) of the non-rotary shaft (5.2.2), and is parallel to the vertical axis (3.2) of the front circular cutting head (3), or inclined from fictitious vertical plane in which the rotation axis (3.1 ) of rotation front cutting heads (3) lies
- whose circumferential wall (4.3) is equipped with cutting tools (4.3.1 ) arranged in spiral manner, as well as by at least one scraper (3.3) attached to the conical or coniform section (4.1.2) and this circumferential wall (4.3) delimits the inside area in which the driving equipment (5) is located, attached to the non-rotary shaft (5.2.2), and formed by at least one design assembly consisting of electromotor (5.1 ) or hydraulic motor (5.1 ) continued by primary transmission (5.2) and pinion (5.2.1 ) mounted on the output shaft of primary transmission (5.2), and this pinion (5.2.1 ) forms a wheelwork with ring (4.3.2) with inside gear; the ring (4.3.2) is connected in rigid manner to the circumferential wall (4.3) of rotation front cutting head (4)
- which is enclosed in rigid casing (7) attached to fixing part (1.1 , 10.1 ) of rotation front cutting head (4) and thus to non-rotary shaft (5.2.2) as well; the casing (7) together with the jacket of finishing rotation cutting head (4) delimits the inter-.wall area (8) and has a cut for the contact of cutting tools with the excavated material; the bottom (7.1 ) of the rigid casing (7) includes at least one fall-through hole (7.2) for excavated material, which is continued by the feeding-hole (9.1 ) of the feeder section (9) at least functionally connected with the conveyer system (6).
2. Tunnelling machine under Claim 1 above, characterised in that .the TBM with grippers includes the supporting casing (1 ) mounted on sliding shaft (2) with rotation circular front cutting head (3) in sliding manner ih the direction of rotation axis (3.1 ) of rotation circular front cutting head (3). |
TUNNEL DRIVING MACHINE WITH HORSESHOE- SHAPED TRANSVERSE PROFILE
Field of technology
The invention refers to tunnel driving, primarily in rock conditions, and addresses the problem of full profile driving using a tunnelling machine. Transverse profile of such tunnels is mostly horseshoe-shaped.
Current state-of-the-art
As the starting shape of transverse tunnel profile allowing effective application of a tunnel boring machine (hereinafter: TBM) for boring of tunnels the circular transverse profile was used. Currently, the application of tunnelling machines for circular transverse profile tunnels has been very well mastered. Tunnels with the above profile are bored using tunnelling machine with one circular cutting head. There are full-profile tunnelling machines decomposing rock on a circular plane with above 15 m diameter. Tunnel boring using TBMs with larger diameters is economically handicapped, because they cut the break mostly in the bottom part of the cross section, which is not utilised and is often re-deposited up to one third of the cross section. The parameters of the circular area of transverse tunnel profile for building work and technological equipment installation have not been made use of with sufficient efficiency.
The need to make tunnels with larger transverse cross section plane had required to eliminate the drawbacks of tunnelling with circular transverse profile. One of the options to handle this problem is represented by making tunnels with non-circular transverse profile, with the transverse profile shape depending upon the tunnel's function and performance parameters, upon its inside building layout, upon the machinery with which the tunnel is equipped, and upon its layout.
As the basic machinery for boring of tunnels with non-circular transverse profile tunnelling machines with two or more rotary cutting heads are used.
Resolving the above issue is the ambition of the method and equipment protected by US patent No. 5110188. The solution is based upon the fact that residual non-destructed rock (i.e. the rock remaining in the tangent sections of the profile after rock removal by circular cutting heads) is destructed, and the profile in this tangent is levelled with the use of swinging cutting devices which rotate around the axis perpendicular to the tunnel boring axis.
From the tunnel shapes with non-circular cross section, the economy, horseshoe, ellipse or ellipse-similar shapes get to the fore now. The existing methods and machinery are not sufficient for boring of tunnels with the above transverse profiles to the defined shape, with the use of tunnelling equipment. Usually, one of the machines described above is used first to make the starting status of the transverse profile, and then the profile shape is accomplished by a non-shield method; this, however, is rather labourious and thus expensive.
The goal of the tunnelling machine which is the subject of European patent application No. 03751725.7-2315 is to contribute to solving of the problems related to the tunnel driving methods with horseshoe-shaped transverse profile known so far. The tunnelling machine for full-profile driving of tunnels with horseshoe-shaped transverse profile includes two or more swivel-mounted front cutting heads, as well as finishing cutting heads. Each finishing cutting head of the tunnelling machine is equipped with cutting tools and modified to form concave surface. The variant when at least one finishing cutting head is modified to make concave surface is also possible. The above equipment provides the conditions for more efficient utilisation of the front working surface of the tunnelling machine. Relative autonomy of the driving system of each finishing cutting head allows to make several variants how to make several variants for the fabrication of various cut profile shapes. This is suitable primarily for driving of tunnels with large transverse profiles.
The principle of the invention
The tunnel boring machine (hereinafter: TBM) for full-profile driving of tunnels with horseshoe-shaped transverse profile is characterized by the fact that it includes
rotary circular front cutting head and the construction- and driving system related to the head exclusively, such as e.g. the supporting system, the driving machine, feeding and conveyer system for the extracted material, etc. The machine also includes a pair of finishing cutting heads; the position, location, rotary surface shape, design, relevant outfit and mounting to the supporting casing of each of the heads provides for smooth transfer of the pre-fabricated circular profile through the cutting head to the final horseshoe-shaped profile.
The finishing cutting heads of the tunnelling machine are mutually symmetrically and mirror-like mounted with respect to the rotation axis of circular front cutting head, and, with respect to machine movement, are located after the front cutting head. In each of the finishing cutting heads, the rotation body is mounted on a non-rotary shaft which is the design continuation of the supporting body. The supporting casing is mounted on shifting shaft, or is represented by the tunnelling machine jacket. The rotary body has the shape of the rotary surface formed by a section of the convex shape transferring, by cranking or rounding, into the section with conical or coniform shape. The rotation axis of the rotary body of both finishing cutting heads is parallel to the vertical axis of the circular front cutting head, or is inclined from the fictitious vertical plane in which the rotation axis of circular front cutting head is lying.
Both finishing cutting heads has cutting tools on the circumferential wall of the rotary body, preferably by spiral-arranged roller bits. In addition to spiral-arranged cutting tools, the conical or coniform part of the finishing cutting head is equipped by at least one spiral-shaped wiping part. The rotary body circumferential wall delimits the inside space in which the driving equipment (powered by electricity of pressurized liquid) is located, mounted on non-rotary shaft. The driving equipment consists of at least one design assembly containing an electromotor or hydraulic motor with related primary transmission, preferably of planet type. On the output end, the primary transmission is equipped with a pinion which forms a wheelwork with ring with inside gearing. The gear ring is rigidly connected with the circumferential wall of the rotary finishing cutting head. The non-rotating shaft has holes with mounted electric current, pressurized liquid or cooling liquid supply system.
Both rotary finishing cutting heads have rigid casing, preferably in the shape copying the shape of the rotary finishing cutting head jacket. The rigid casing together with the rotary finishing cutting head delimit the inter-wall area. The rigid casing is attached to
the mounting system, and thus to the non-rotary shaft of the rotary finishing cutting head, jacket; a driving cut is provided. The cover section copying the conical or coniform part of the rotation surface has at least one opening connected to the feeding hole of the feeding system. This is a bound conveyer system.
The equipment which is subject to protection is suitable primarily for building of tunnels with medium and large transverse profiles, even in difficult geological conditions. Design of the system which is the subject of protection provides the conditions for more effective utilisation of the tunnelling machine front operation surface. In reality, this means that using the system pursuant to the invention assumptions are provided to male horseshoe-shaped tunnel profile almost without technology-forced transverse profile cross section increase; this, in turn, will be reflected in reduction of almost all costs related to making the tunnel.
Relative autonomy of the driving system of each finishing cutting head allows to create several variants for various shapes pf the driven profile.
The proposed solution with the concept of TBM with spacing grippers is advantageous in the fact that it allows the movement of two finishing cutting heads in the state when circular front cutting head does not rotate temporarily.
Survey of figures on the drawings
Tunnelling machine for full-profile driving of tunnels with horseshoe-shaped transverse profile pursuant to the invention will be explained in more detail by help of schematic figures. Fig. 1 shows axonometric view expressing the principle of the tunnelling machine; Fig. 2 shows rear view of the tunnelling machine. In Figs. 3 and 4 the side view and the ground plan view of the tunnelling machine can be found, respectively. Fig. 5 shows the design of finishing cutting head in more detail, using axonometric drawing of longitudinal section of the rotation finishing cutting head. In Fig. 6, detail of autonomous shifting mechanism of rotation finishing cutting heads is presented. Fig. 7 illustrates the axonometry of the solution applicable for TBM systems with jacket and with double jacket.
Examples of the invention embodiment
To explain the principle of the subject of protection, the tunnelling machine for full-profile driving of horseshoe-shaped tunnels equipped with rotation circular front cutting head mounted on the shaft fixed to the drive unit is used as an example. Rotation circular cutting head with larger profile may consist of two counter-rotating parts as well. The tunnelling machine as shown in Fig. 1 et seq. consists of supporting casingl which is mounted on sliding shaft 2 of the tunnelling machine, either in sliding or fixed manner. To one end of the sliding shaft 2 the rotation circular cutting head 3 is mounted; spacing grippers used to provide for the equipment shifting system are the design continuation of the other end of shaft 2.
The machine also includes the feeding and conveyer system for excavated rock (not shown here), and other equipment related to rotation circular cutting head 3. With respect to the principle of the invention, the description of this equipment is not necessary.
The tunnelling machine also includes pair of finishing cutting heads 4, which are in mutual mirror- and symmetrical position with respect to axis 3.1 of rotation of the rotation circular front cutting head 3 and, from the machine movement view, are located after the rotation circular front cutting head 3. Both finishing cutting heads 4 include rotation body 4.1 , mounted on non-rotation shaft 5.2.2, attached to the mounting system U. which is connected with the supporting casing I 1 The rotation body 4.1 has the shape of rotation surface, formed by part 4.1.1 with convex shape verging by crank or rounding into part 4.1.2 with conical or coniform shape. As a rule, axis 42 of rotation of each rotation body 4J. of finishing cutting head 4 is inclined from the fictitious vertical plane in which axis 3λ_ of rotation of rotation circular front cutting head 3 lies (cf. Fig. 2). Axis 4^2 of rotation of the rotation body 4J. of the finishing cutting head 4 is simultaneously the longitudinal axis 5.2.3 of non-rotary shaft 5.2.2. In the direction of the longitudinal axis, there is hole 5.2.4 on the non-rotary shaft 5.2.2; in the hole 5.2.4. system 5.2.5 for the supply of electric power or pressurized liquid is provided from the upper part of non-rotary shaft 5.2.2, connected to driving equipment 5. From the bottom side of non-rotary shaft 5.2.2 the system 5.2.6 for the supply of cooling water into the cooling system is mounted in the hole 5.2.4.
On circumferential wall 4J3 of rotation body 4JL of both finishing cutting heads, exchangeable cutting tools 4.3:1 are mounted. It is preferable to have the tools 4.3.1 in spiral arrangement. As to type, it is good when roller bits are used as cutting tools, and
when tangential bits are used as cutting tools in the conical or coniform wall area. In addition to cutting tools 4.3.1 the conical or coniform wall of rotation body 4J. is equipped with at least one scraper part 4.3.2, preferably of spiral shape. Due to the spiral arrangement of cutting tools 4.3.1 impacts at the beginning of and during the cutting heads working cycle are reduced.
Moreover, circumferential wall 43 of rotation body AA. delimits the inside area in which driving equipment 5 driven either by electric power or pressurized is mounted (Fig. 5). The driving equipment 5 is at least one design assembly attached to non-rotary shaft 5.2.2, which is fixed in fixation system U. connected with the supporting body 1 (either in rigid or shifting manner) in the direction of the rotation axis of circular front cutting head 3^ The design assembly of driving equipment 5 consists of electromotor 5A. or hydraulic motor 5/L continued by primary transmission 5^2, preferably of planet type and equipped with pinion 5.2.1 on the output end. Pinion 5.2.1 of each driving unit 5 consists of wheelwork with ring 4.3.2, with inside gearing, mounted to circumferential wall ±3 of finishing cutting head 4. Each finishing cutting head 4 has relevant feeder part 9 (common for both finishing cutting heads), as well as conveyer system 6 for transport of excavated rock (Fig. 3).
Each rotation finishing cutting head 4 is enclosed in rigid casing 7 (cf. Fig. 5). From practical viewpoint, it is good when the rigid casing 7 copies the shape of circumferential wall 4J3 of rotation body AA. of finishing cutting head 4. Rigid casing 7 together with circumferential wall 4J3 of rotation body AA_ of finishing cutting head 4 delimit the inter-wall area ϋ for movement of cutting tools 4.3.1. Rigid casing 7 is attached to fixing system 1_J. and thus to non-rotary shaft 5.2.2 of rotation finishing cutting head 4, and has the cut 7λ_ allowing the contact of cutting tools 4.3.1 with the material to be removed. The part of rigid casing 7, which copies the shape of the conical or coniform part 4.1.2 of rotation body 4/L has at least one fall-through outlet 7.2. which is continued by fall-through outlet 9J. of feeder part 9. The feeder part 9 is functional continuation of feeder system 6.
Driving of tunnel with horseshoe-shaped profile using the tunnelling machine which is the subject of protection is performed as follows: the rotating front cutting head 3 driven by the driving unit (not shown here) makes a circular hole first; excavated rock related to the function of rotation circular front cutting head 3 is caught by the feeder system (not shown here), and moved by the conveyer system to the main conveyer or
to excavated rock storage. Immediately afterwards, rotation bodies 4λ_ of finishing cutting heads 4 remove the face and the hole is finished to the final shape. By help of scrapers Z3 and rotation of rotation body 4.1 of finishing cutting head excavated rock is scraped in controlled manner to feeding hole 9J. of feeder part 9. Then the material is fed to conveyer system 6 which carries it to the main conveyer (not shown here) transporting the extracted material away from the machine.
With TBM with spacing grippers, driving can be made by "per partes" system. This system is good when driving in hard geological conditions. The sliding movement of finishing cutting heads 4 during face removal can be realized when circular rotation front cutting head 3 is at temporary rest. The "per partes" driving system requires to modify the design of tunnelling machine supporting casing!.. The modification is e.g. in using the supporting casingl, mounted in sliding manner on sliding shaft 2 with rotation front cutting head 3 (cf. Fig. 6). The system is supplemented e.g. by straight hydraulic cylinders 8. Their cylindrical section 8J. attached to supporting casingl and piston section 82 is connected in rigid manner (by help of plug part 83 to sliding shaft 2. The plug part 8J3 is located in square hole 8.4 made in supporting casing I 1 and allows sliding of supporting casing 1 along sliding shaft 2. The sliding length is delimited by length of the square hole 8^4 and by the extension size of the piston 8^ of straight hydraulic cylinder 8. When hydraulic cylinder 8 is activated, its piston section 82 functions as anchoring element, and by help of the cylindrical section 8A_ sliding of cylindrical body 1 along sliding shaft 2 in the driving direction is realised.
The principle of the invention can be used in case of TBM with shield as well (cf. Fig. 7), when the sliding motion is ensured by hydraulic cylinders braced on tubbing lining. Similarly, a tandem with gripping mechanism for extruded concrete - the E. C. L. system - can be used. When the TBM is realised with double shield, the finishing cutting heads 4 are arranged in front of the grippers immediately after the front circular cutting head 3. Due to space efficiency, it is preferable when the grippers are equipped with telescopic hydraulic cylinders in the area where finishing cutting heads 4 are located.
In case of shield design of the tunnelling equipment, finishing cutting heads are attached to supporting casing 10, represented by the tunnelling equipment jacket, and the fixing system 10.1 is used.
The above examples of the invention embodiment are provided as an illustration of its possible applications in the design of tunnelling equipment. The principle of the invention is the starting point for further embodiments, which have not been mentioned in the above examples.
Industrial applicability
The equipment according to this invention is applicable and particularly suitable for driving of tunnels, adits and similar objects in geological rock, primarily in medium- to hard rock.
List of relational symbols
1 supporting casing 1.1 fixing system
2 sliding shaft
3 front circular cutting head
3.1 rotation axis of front cutting head
3.2 vertical axis of front cutting head
3.3 scraper
4 finishing cutting head
4.1 rotation body
4.1.1 convex-shaped section
4.1.2 conical or coniform section
4.2 rotation axis of rotation surface
4.3 circumferential wall
4.3.1 cutting tool
4.3.2 ring with inner gearing
5 driving equipment
5.1 electromotor, hydraulic motor
5.2 primary transmission 5.2.1 pinion
5.2.2 non-rotary shaft
5.2.3 longitudinal axis of non-rotary shaft
5.2.4 hole for the supply of electric power, or of pressurized liquid and cooling liquid
5.2.5 electric power or pressurized liquid supply system
5.2.6 cooling liquid supply system
6 conveyer system
7 rigid casing
7.1 rigid casing bottom
7.2 fall-through outlet
8 hydraulic cylinder
8.1 cylindrical section of the hydraulic cylinder
8.2 piston section of the hydraulic cylinder
8.3 plug section
8.4 rectangular hole
9 feeder section
9.1 feeder hole
10 supporting casing
10.1 fixing system
11 inter-wall area