DECONTAMINATION

PRIORITY APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63/019,231 entitled “ULTRAVIOLET (UV) LIGHT EMISSION DEVICE, AND RELATED METHODS OF USE, PARTICULARLY SUITED FOR DECONTAMINATION,” filed on May 1, 2020, which is incorporated hereby by reference in its entirety.

[0002] The present application also claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63/079,193 entitled “ULTRAVIOLET (UV) LIGHT EMISSION DEVICE, AND RELATED METHODS OF USE, PARTICULARLY SUITED FOR DECONTAMINATION,” filed on September 16, 2020, which is incorporated hereby by reference in its entiretyA [0003] The present application also claims priority to U.S. Application Serial No. 17/139,342 entitled “ULTRAVIOLET (UV) LIGHT EMISSION DEVICE, AND RELATED METHODS OF USE, PARTICULARLY SUITED FOR DECONTAMINATION,” filed on December 31, 2020, which is incorporated hereby by reference in its entirety

[0004] The present application also claims priority to U.S. Application Serial No. 17/139,448 entitled “ULTRAVIOLET (UV) LIGHT EMISSION DEVICE EMPLOYING VISIBLE LIGHT FOR OPERATION GUIDANCE, AND RELATED METHODS OF USE, PARTICULARLY SUITED FOR DECONTAMINATION,” filed on December 31, 2020, which is incorporated hereby by reference in its entirety.

[0005] The present application also claims priority to U.S. Application Serial No. 17/139,537 entitled “ULTRAVIOLET (UV) LIGHT EMISSION DEVICE EMPLOYING VISIBLE LIGHT FOR TARGET DISTANCE GUIDANCE, AND RELATED METHODS OF USE, PARTICULARLY SUITED FOR DECONTAMINATION,” filed on December 31, 2020, which is incorporated hereby by reference in its entirety.

[0006] The present application also claims priority to U.S. Application Serial No. 17/139,578 entitled “AUTOMATIC POWER COMPENSATION IN ULTRAVIOLET (UV) LIGHT EMISSION DEVICE, AND RELATED METHODS OF USE, PARTICULARLY SUITED FOR DECONTAMINATION,” filed on December 31, 2020, which is incorporated hereby by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0007] The technology of the disclosure relates to light-emitting devices, and more particularly to devices that emit ultraviolet (UV) light, particularly for use in inactivating and/or killing microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, spores, and other pathogens.

BACKGROUND

[0008] Pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, are microorganisms that are present in everyday society. Pathogens are present in areas that humans encounter daily, such as bathrooms, living areas, door handles, public areas, etc. Some airborne pathogens are present in the air that humans breathe. Human beings can become infected with pathogens when they enter the human body as a host. The pathogens begin to multiply, which can result in bacterial infections and diseases that the human body must then fight off as part of its immune defense system response. Thus, it is important for humans to try to limit their exposure to these pathogens. Chemical disinfectants such as bleach, for example, can be used to inactivate or destroy microorganisms. For example, it may be important in hospital settings, in particular, to disinfect all surfaces in a patient’s room or area so that the patient’s risk of becoming infected with pathogens that are bacterial or viral is reduced. Chemical disinfectants commonly take the form of wipes that are infused with a chemical agent to apply the chemical disinfectant to inert surfaces. Chemical disinfectants can also be applied as a spray or mist in the air and on inert surfaces. However, it is not generally feasible to use chemical disinfectants to disinfect every possible surface that a human may come into contact with.

[0009] It is known that ultraviolet (UV) light can also damage the DNA of a microorganism, such as bacteria, viruses, and spores. For example, natural UV light from solar radiation can damage the DNA of a microorganism on surfaces, thus inactivating or killing the microorganism.

However, UV light emitted by the sun is weak at the Earth’s surface as the ozone layer of the atmosphere blocks most of the UV light. Thus, UV light emission devices that include a UV light source that emits UV light that can be directed to an intended area to inactivate or kill the microorganism present in the area have been designed as a disinfectant method. The UV light source of such UV light emission devices is designed to emit a desired wavelength or range of wavelengths of UV light to be able to expose microorganisms to such light to inactivate or kill the microorganisms. These UV light emission devices need to be designed to emit UV light with enough intensity (i.e., power transferred per unit area) that the UV light that reaches the ultimate surface or area to be disinfected is of sufficient intensity to be effective in inactivating or killing microorganisms of interest. The intensity of the UV light also affects how quickly an exposed microorganism is inactivated or killed. It may be important for business and other practical reasons to disinfect an area quickly, i.e., within minutes or seconds, for example.

[0010] For this reason, large UV light emission devices with high-powered UV light sources can be deployed in areas to be disinfected. However, such UV light sources may not be safe for human exposure due to the high intensity of UV emitted light. Thus, these UV light emission devices may have to be used in areas that are closed off from humans until the disinfectant process is complete to avoid human exposure. Handheld UV light emission devices have also been designed as a convenient form factor to be used by humans to disinfect surfaces and other areas. However, handheld UV light emission devices can expose the human user to the UV light in an unsafe manner, especially if the intensity of the UV light source is sufficient to be effective in inactivating or killing microorganisms of interest quickly.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0011] Aspects disclosed herein include ultraviolet (UV) light emission devices and related methods of use. The UV light emission devices disclosed herein are particularly suited for use in disinfecting surfaces and air. The UV light emission devices disclosed herein can be provided in the form factor of a handheld device that is easily held and manipulated by a human user. The human user can manipulate the handheld UV light emission device to decontaminate surfaces, air, and other areas by orienting the handheld UV light emission device so that the UV light emitted from its light source is directed to the area of interest to be decontaminated.

[0012] In one exemplary aspect, a handheld light emission device is provided. The handheld light emission device comprises a light source housing comprising an interior chamber and an opening to the interior chamber. The handheld light emission device also comprises a UV light source disposed in the light source house and comprising one or more light strings, each comprising one or more UV lights, each configured to emit UV light towards the opening of the light source housing. The handheld light emission device also comprises one or more visible lights, each configured to emit visible light in the direction of the UV light emitted by the UV light source. The handheld light emission device also comprises a power rail configured to receive a power signal. The handheld light emission device also comprises an electrical control system comprising: one or more light driver circuits coupled to a respective light string among the one or more light strings, each light driver circuit among the one or more light driver circuits configured to couple power from the received power signal to its coupled light string among the one or more light strings to cause the one or more UV lights in the respective light string to emit UV light. The electrical control system is further configured to couple power from the received power signal to the one or more visible lights to cause the one or more visible lights to emit visible light in response to the one or more light driver circuits providing power from the received power signal to its coupled light string among the one or more light strings.

[0013] In another exemplary aspect, a method of emitting UV light is provided. The method includes directing a UV light source comprising one or more light strings, each comprising one or more UV lights and one or more visible lights, in a direction towards a target of interest. The method also includes activating the UV light source to cause the one or more UV lights to emit UV light towards the target of interest. The method also includes activating the one or more visible lights automatically to emit visible light in the direction of the UV light towards the target of interest in response to activating the UV light source.

[0014] In another exemplary aspect, a handheld light emission device is provided. The handheld light emission device comprises a light source housing comprising an interior chamber and an opening to the interior chamber. The handheld light emission device also comprises a UV light source disposed in the light source house and comprising one or more light strings, each comprising one or more UV lights, each configured to emit UV light towards the opening of the light source housing. The handheld light emission device also comprises one or more visible lights, each configured to emit visible light in the direction of the UV light emitted by the UV light source. The handheld light emission device also comprises a power rail configured to receive a power signal. The handheld light emission device also comprises an electrical control system comprising: one or more light driver circuits coupled to a respective light string among the one or more light strings, each light driver circuit among the one or more light driver circuits configured to couple power from the received power signal to its coupled light string among the one or more light strings to cause the one or more UV lights in the respective light string to emit UV light. The electrical control system is further configured to couple power from the received power signal to the one or more visible lights to cause the one or more visible lights to emit visible light in response to the one or more light driver circuits providing power from the received power signal to its coupled light string among the one or more light strings. At least one light string among the one or more light strings further comprises at least one visible light among one or more visible lights in series with the one or more U V lights . At least one light driver circuit among the one or more light driver circuits configured to couple power from the received power signal to its coupled at least one light string to cause the one or more UV lights in the at least one light string to emit UV light and the one or more visible lights in the at least one light string to emit visible light. The one or more visible lights are configured to not receive power if at least one UV light among the one or more UV lights in at least one light string among the one or more light strings do not receive power. The UV light source disposed in the interior chamber of the light source housing such the one or more UV lights in each of the one or more one or more light strings each is configured to emit UV light towards the opening. At least one visible light among the one or more visible lights is disposed in the interior chamber of the light source housing such that each of the at least one visible light is configured to emit visible light towards the opening. The one or more UV lights in each light string among the one or more light strings each comprise one or more UV light- emitting devices (LEDs), each configured to emit UV light in at least one wavelength between 200-399 nanometers (nm). The one or more visible lights comprise one or more visible LEDs, each configured to emit UV light in at least one wavelength between 400-700 nm.

[0015] In another exemplary aspect, a handheld light emission device is provided. The handheld light emission device comprises a light source housing comprising an interior chamber and an opening to the interior chamber. The handheld light emission device also comprises a UV light source disposed in the light source house and comprising one or more light strings, each comprising one or more UV lights, each configured to emit UV light towards the opening of the light source housing. The handheld light emission device also comprises one or more visible lights, each configured to emit visible light in the direction of the UV light emitted by the UV light source. The handheld light emission device also comprises a power rail configured to receive a power signal. The handheld light emission device also comprises an electrical control system comprising: one or more light driver circuits coupled to a respective light string among the one or more light strings, each light driver circuit among the one or more light driver circuits configured to couple power from the received power signal to its coupled light string among the one or more light strings to cause the one or more UV lights in the respective light string to emit UV light. The electrical control system is further configured to couple power from the received power signal to the one or more visible lights to cause the one or more visible lights to emit visible light in response to the one or more light driver circuits providing power from the received power signal to its coupled light string among the one or more light strings. The electrical control system further comprises a power enable switch coupled to the power rail between the output node and the one or more light driver circuits, the power enable switch configured to distribute the power signal from the output node to the one or more light driver circuits in response to a power enable signal indicating a power enable state. The electrical control system further comprises a switch configured to provide a trigger signal indicating an activation state in response to being activated. The electrical control system further comprises a controller circuit configured to receive the trigger signal from the switch and generate the power enable signal of a power enable state in response to the trigger signal indicating an activation state. The electrical control system further comprises one or more current sense circuits; each coupled to a light string among the one or more light strings, each current sense circuit among the one or more current sense circuits is configured to generate a current sense signal based on a presence of current in its coupled light string. The controller circuit is further configured to receive the one or more current sense signals from the one or more current sense circuits and determine if a light string among the one or more light strings has an open circuit based on the current sense signal from the current sense circuit coupled to the light string. The electrical control system further comprises one or more voltage sense circuits, each coupled to a light string among the one or more light strings, each voltage sense circuit among the one or more voltage sense circuits is configured generate a voltage sense signal based on a presence of current in its coupled light string. The controller circuit is further configured to receive the one or more sensed voltage signals from the one or more voltage sense circuits and determine if a light string among the one or more light strings has a short circuit based on the sensed voltage signal from the voltage sense circuit coupled to the light string. BRTEE DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0016] Figure 1A is a front perspective view of an exemplary ultraviolet (UV) light emission device that includes a UV light source for UV light emission, wherein the UV light emission device is configured to be manipulated by a human user to be activated and oriented so that UV light emission from the UV light source can be directed to a surface or area of interest for decontamination ;

[0017] Figure IB is a perspective view of a UV light emission system that includes the UV light emission device in Figure 1A and a power source to provide power to the UV light emission device for operation;

[0018] Figure 1C is a close-up, rear perspective view of the UV light emission device in Figures 1A and IB;

[0019] Figure 2 is a bottom view of the UV light source of the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C;

[0020] Figure 3 A is a first side view of the UV light emission device in Figures 1 A- 1C;

[0021] Figure 3B is a second side view of the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C;

[0022] Figure 3C is a bottom view of the UV light emission device in Figures 1 A- 1C;

[0023] Figure 3D is a top view of the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C;

[0024] Figure 3E is a front view of the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C;

[0025] Figure 3F is a rear view of the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C;

[0026] Figure 4A is a side, cross-sectional view of the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C;

[0027] Figure 4B is a close-up, side, cross-sectional view of a UV light source package area of the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C;

[0028] Figure 4C is a side, exploded view of the UV light source package area of the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C;

[0029] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary electrical control system that can be included in the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C;

[0030] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating operational control of the UV light source in the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C based on orientation of the UV light emission device;

[0031] Figure 7 is an electrical diagram of light-emitting devices of the UV light source of the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C; [0032] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary electrical control system that can be included in the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C;

[0033] Figure 9 is a diagram of operational states according to execution of a state machine in the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C that can be executed by the controller circuit in the electrical control system in Figures 5 or 8, for example;

[0034] Figure 10 is a diagram of light patterns and colors controlled to be emitted by the visual status indicator of the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C based on the operating states and errors of the UV light emission device according to the operational states in Figure 9;

[0035] Figure 11 is a diagram illustrating the IMU circuit operation in the UV light emission device in the electronic control systems in Figures 5 and 8;

[0036] Figure 12 is a hardware diagram of the haptic feedback device in electronic control systems in Figures 5 and 8 of the UV light emission device;

[0037] Figure 13A is a graph illustrating an exemplary degradation in output power of a UV LED over time;

[0038] Figures 13B and 13C are diagrams of the light source derate operation in the UV light emission device in the electronic control systems in Figures 5 and 8;

[0039] Figure 14 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary overall control process for the UV emission device 100 in Figures 1A-1C as controlled by the controller circuit in Figures 5 and 8. [0040] Figure 15 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for power-on and power-on self-test (POST) states in the overall control process in Figure 14;

[0041] Figures 16A and 16B is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for error detection in the power-up self-test (POST) state of the UV light emission device;

[0042] Figure 17 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process performed by the UV light emission device while waiting for the secondary switch of the UV light emission device activated by the user to start light emission operation;

[0043] Figure 18 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for an operational state of the UV light emission device in response to the secondary switch of the UV light emission device being activated;

[0044] Figure 19 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process in response to a tilt detection of the UV light emission device; [0045] Figure 20 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of waiting for the secondary switch of the UV light emission device to be released after tilt detection;

[0046] Figure 21 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of handling error detection in the UV light emission device;

[0047] Figure 22A-22C is a diagram of an exemplary status register that can be programmed and accessed in the UV light emission device to detect programming and record history information for the UV light emission device;

[0048] Figure 23 is a diagram of an alternative UV light source in the form of an excimer UV lamp that can be employed in the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C;

[0049] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of an alternative electrical control system that can be employed in the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C employing the excimer UV lamp in Figure 23;

[0050] Figures 25A and 25B are schematic diagrams of an alternative UV light emission device similar to the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C, but with an alternative UV light source housing that allows air to be drawn into the UV light source housing and across the UV light source to expose the drawn-in air to the UV light emission;

[0051] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of an alternative UV light emission system that includes the UV light emission device and a power charging station configured to receive the UV light emission system and charge an integrated battery and/or to provide a wired interface connectivity for exchange of telemetry information stored in the UV light emission device;

[0052] Figures 27A and 27B illustrate exemplary depths of focus of UV light emitted from the UV light source of the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C as a function of distance from the UV light source;

[0053] Figure 28 is a graph illustrating an exemplary relationship between mean irradiance of UV light emitted from the UV light source of the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C on a surface of interest and distance of the surface from the UV light source;

[0054] Figures 29A and 29B illustrate exemplary spotlights formed on a surface as a result of orienting the UV light source of the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C towards a surface at different distances and the visible UV lights of the UV light source emitting visible light onto the surface; [0055] Figures 30A-30C illustrate exemplary spotlights patterns on a surface as a result of orienting the UV light source of the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C towards a surface at different distances, and the visible UV lights of the UV light source emitting visible light onto the surface;

[0056] Figure 31 is a diagram of exemplary, alternative patterned spotlights on a surface as a result of providing a mask on the UV light source with patterned openings adjacent to the visible lights and orienting the UV light source of the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C towards a surface at different distances, and the visible UV lights of the UV light source emitting visible light on the surface;

[0057] Figure 32 is a diagram of the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C with a mask disposed on the light source adjacent to the visible lights in the UV light source;

[0058] Figure 33 is a diagram of a mask placed on the UV light source to cause visible light emitted from the visible light indicator on the surface to be patterned as shown in Figure 31 ;

[0059] Figures 34A-34F are exemplary heat maps of UV light emitted by the UV light source of the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C as a function of distance from center and distance of the UV light source from a surface of interest;

[0060] Figure 35 is a graph illustrating an exemplary reflectance versus wavelength of different common metals;

[0061] Figure 36 is a graph illustrating an exemplary reflectance versus wavelength of different coatings on parabolic reflectors of the UV light source in the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C;

[0062] Figures 37A-37D illustrate an alternative UV light emission device similar to Figures 1A-1C, but with a power connector and a mounting structure on the base;

[0063] Figures 38A-38C are respective perspective, front and side views, respectively, of belt clip that is configured to receive the mounting structure on the base of the UV light emission device in Figures 37A-37C to mount the UV light emission device to a user’s belt; and [0064] Figure 39 a schematic diagram of a representation of an exemplary computer system, wherein the exemplary computer system is configured to control the operation of a UV light emission device, including but not limited to the UV light emission devices disclosed herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] With reference now to the drawing figures, several exemplary aspects of the present disclosure are described. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects.

[0066] Figure 1A is a front, perspective view of an exemplary ultraviolet (UV) light emission device 100 that includes a UV light source 102 that emits UV light 104. The UV light emission device 100 in Figure 1 A in this example is a handheld device that is configured to be manipulated by a human user to be activated and oriented so that emission of UV light 104 from the UV light source 102 can be directed to a surface or area of interest for decontamination. Certain wavelengths of UV light have been found effective in damaging the DNA of pathogens and, as a result, inactivating or killing such pathogens. As will be discussed in more detail below, the UV light emission device 100 in Figure 1A includes a light source head 106 that is a housing that supports the UV light source 102 and provides supporting components to control emission of the UV light 104 from the UV light source 102. For example, the light source head 106 in this example could include an optional light source shield 108 that is disposed in front of an array of UV LEDs 110 configured to emit the UV light 104 as part of the UV light source 102. The UV LEDs 110 will each have a viewing angle that affects the angle of UV light emission from a normal plane, which in this example is the plane of the light source shield 108. The light source head 106 is designed to support the insertion and retention of the light source shield 108. The light source shield 108 is provided for safety reasons to avoid contact, including human contact, with the UV LEDs 110, to avoid skin bums due to the heat emanating from the UV LEDs 110 and/or to avoid damaging the UV LEDs 110. It may be important that the light source shield 108 be designed to allow at least a portion of the UV light 104 generated by the UV light source 102 to pass therethrough so that the UV light 104 can reach a desired surface or area of interest when the UV light emission device 100 is in use. For example, the light source shield 108 could be made of fused silica, quartz glass, or other UV translucent material, such as PCTFE (Polychlorotrifluoroethylene). The light source shield 108 may be manufactured to be shatter- proof.

[0067] The light source shield 108 can be a solid member or could have openings. As another example, the light source shield 108 could include a patterned mesh, such as from a mesh metal or plastic material that has either openings or translucent sections to allow UV light 104 to pass through, but also reduces or prevents the ability for direct contact and/or damage to the UV LEDs 110. The mesh may be made from a metal material or alloys, such as stainless steel or aluminum material, as examples. An optional diffuser could be installed on or serve as the light source shield 108 to diffuse the UV light 104 emitted from the UV light source 102, but as the UV light 104 is not visible, a diffuser may not be desired or necessary. A filter coating 109 could also be disposed on the light source shield 108 to filter out certain wavelengths of the UV light 104 if desired. The light source shield 108 can include a first surface 111 disposed adjacent to and behind the UV light source 102 and a second surface 113 opposite the first surface 111. The filter coating 109 could be disposed on the first and/or second surfaces 111, 113 of the light source shield 108.

[0068] In addition, or in the alternative to employing the light source shield 108 to protect the UV LEDs 110 from contact for safety or other reasons, the UV LEDs 110 could be housed in reflectors that are sized to prevent direct human contact. This is discussed in more detail below with regard to Figures 4A and 4B . The openings of the reflectors 424 could be sized small enough to prevent a human finger from being able to be inserted therein and come in contact with the UV LEDs 110.

[0069] The UV light emission device 100 has been found to be effective at killing bacteria, viruses, and spores at a rate of 99.9% or higher. The UV light source 102 in the UV light emission device 100 is selected to be at a desired UV wavelength or range of wavelengths to damage or kill pathogens as a decontamination tool. For example, the UV light source 102 can be selected to emit UV light at a single or multiple UV wavelengths in the 200-399 nanometer (nm) wavelength range. For example, the UV light source 102 may be selected to emit UV light at a wavelength(s) between 260-270 nm. For example, the UV LEDs 110 may be the Klaran WD Series UVC LEDs, as a non limiting example, that emits light at a wavelength(s) between 250-270 nm at an optical output power of either 60 milliwatts (mW) (Part No. KL265-50W-SM-WD), 70 mW (Part No. KL265- 50V-SM-WD), or 80 mW (Part No. KL265-50U-SM-WD). As another example, the UV light source 102 may be selected to emit UV light at peak wavelengths at 254 nm and/or 265 nm. As another example, the UV light source 102 may be selected to emit UV light at a wavelength(s) between 200- 230 nm as Far-UVC light. For example, a Far-UV wavelength of 222 nm has been found to be effective in inactivating or killing pathogens and also be safe to human tissue. Thus, it may be possible to operate the UV light emission device 100 without the need to provide protection, such as masks, goggles, gloves, and/or other personal protective equipment (PPE) for a human user or human in the field of the UV light 104. As another example, the UV light source 102 may be selected to emit UV light at a wavelength of 207 nm.

[0070] The UV light emission device 100 could also be configured to change (e.g., upconvert) the wavelength frequency of UV light 104 emitted by the UV light source 102 to a higher energy/intensity level. For example, the UV light source 102, whether frequency-converted or not, may be configured to emit UV light 104 with an intensity of 5-100 milliwatts (mW) per square centimeter (cm ² ) (mW/cm ² ). For example, the UV light source 102 may be selected and configured to emit UV light 104 with an intensity of 10-60 mW/cm ² . As another example, the UV light source 102 may be selected and configured to emit the UV light 104 with an intensity of 20 mW/cm ² for periods of up to one (1) second (sec.). For example, with the UV light 104 at an intensity of 20 mW/cm ² , the UV light emission device 100 could be swept over an area of interest that is at a height of five (5) cm above the surface and a rate of two (2) cm in length per second to expose the area of interest to the desired intensity and duration of the UV light 104 for decontamination. The UV light emission device 100 could be configured to emit the UV light 104 from the UV light source 102 for any amount of time desired by the user or for defined periods of time and to a desired intensity. For example, such defined periods of time could be 1-10 seconds and a time period specifically of one (1) second or less. The UV light emission device 100 could be configured to control the UV light source 102 to emit the UV light 104 as a steady- state light or to pulse the UV light source 102 to emit pulses of the UV light 104, such as at a pulse rate between 10-100 KiloHertz (kHz), for example. Controlling the pulse rate of the UV light 104 is another way to control the intensity of the UV light 104. The UV light emission device 100 could be configured to control the activation and deactivation of the UV light source 102 to control the pulse rate of the UV light 104 through a pulse- width modulated (PWM) signal to control the enabling and disabling of a light driver circuit, as an example.

[0071] With continuing reference to Figure 1A, as will be discussed in more detail below, the UV FEDs 110 are mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) 112 that is installed inside the light source head 106. The light source head 106 also includes vent openings 114 on one or more of its sides 116 and rear 117, also shown in the rear perspective view of the UV light emission device 100 in Figure 2 A, to allow for the escape of heat generated inside the light source head 106 due to the heat generated from the UV FEDs 110 when activated (i.e., turned on). As will also be discussed in more detail below, the light source head 106 can support other components to support the operation of the UV light source 102, including a fan and heat sink for dissipation of heat generated by the UV LEDs 110, as an example. The light source head 106 can also be designed to support a PCB as part of the light source head 106 to support the UV LEDs 110 and other components, such as temperature sensors supporting operation and control functions. The light source head 106 in the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A-1C is square- shaped, but the light source head 106 could also be provided in other shapes, including circular- shaped, oval-shaped, or elliptical-shaped. [0072] With continuing reference to Figure 1 A, the UV light emission device 100 also includes a handle 118 that is attached to the light source head 106. The handle 118 may be a separate component that is attached to the light source head 106 or formed as an integrated component with the light source head 106, such as that produced with a mold. The handle 118 supports a surface to allow a human user to engage the handle 118 with their hand to control and manipulate the orientation of the UV light 104 emitted from the UV light source 102. The user can lift the UV light emission device 100 by the handle 118 and manipulate the UV light source 102 through manipulation of the handle 118 to direct the UV light 104 emitted from the UV light source 102 to the surface or area desired to decontaminate such surface or area. For example, the UV light emission device 100 may be lightweight (e.g., 1.5 lbs. without integration of a battery or 3 lbs. with integration of a battery) to be easily handled and maneuvered by a human user. In this example, as shown in Figure 1A, and as will be discussed in more detail below, the handle 118 includes a secondary switch 120 that is disposed on the underneath side 121 of the handle 118. The UV light emission device 100 is designed so that the UV light source 102 will not activate the UV LEDs 110 to emit UV light 104 unless the secondary switch 120 is depressed and activated to a closed state as a safety mechanism. Figure 1A shows the secondary switch 120 is a non-activated state as not being depressed. The secondary switch 120 in this example is a momentary switch that acts as a trigger switch and returns to a non-depressed, non-activated, or open-state when a force is no longer applied to the secondary switch 120. In this manner, a user who grabs the handle 118 of the UV light emission device 100 to control it can squeeze the handle 118 to depress the secondary switch 120 to activate the secondary switch 120 such that it provides a trigger signal to activate the UV light source 102 to emit UV light 104. The secondary switch 120 could be a mechanical switch, or alternatively, a capacitive touch sensor switch, as an example. However, a capacitive touch sensor switch may not be desired if the UV light emission device 100 will be used by persons wearing gloves, for example, where the capacitance of the person does not transfer to the switch. When the user disengages the handle 118, the secondary switch 120 becomes non- depressed and thus non-activated such that it does not provide a trigger signal.

[0073] Thus, by providing the secondary switch 120 as a momentary switch, the UV light source 102 is only active when the secondary switch 120 is being actively depressed, such as by a user holding the handle 118 and depressing the secondary switch 120. When a user is no longer depressing the secondary switch 120, the secondary switch 120 becomes non-depressed and thus non-activated such that it does not provide a trigger signal to activate the UV light source 102. Thus, the secondary switch 120 can act as a safety measure to ensure that the UV light source 102 is not active when the secondary switch 120 is not being engaged. For example, if the user of the UV light emission device 100 lays the device down and releases the handle 118 such that the secondary switch 120 is not activated, the UV light source 102 will be deactivated. The secondary switch 120 as a momentary switch allows the user to control the ultimate on and off time of the UV LEDs 110.

[0074] Further, although not limiting and the UV light source 120 not being limited to the use of UV LEDs, the deployment of the secondary switch 120 as a momentary switch can also make more feasible the use of LEDs in the UV light source 120. LEDs are a semiconductor device. As soon as current flows to the LED, electrons flow through its P-N junction of a LED, and energy is released in the form of photons to emit light. The UV LEDs 110 of the UV light source 120 are able to essentially instantaneously emit UV light when current starts to flows under control of the secondary switch 120 when activated without having to wait for more significant elapsed time (e.g., 10-15 minutes) for a gas inside a bulb to “warm-up” to produce a fuller intensity light. The use of LEDs as the UV light source 102 allows a more instantaneous off and on of UV light emission, as controlled by the secondary switch 120 in this example, without having to employ other techniques for off and on employed by bulbs, such as pulse-width modulation (PWM). Also, in this example, the UV light emission device 100 includes a primary switch 122 that must be activated to a closed position for the UV light emission device 100 to be activated regardless of the state of the secondary switch 120. In this regard, a user cannot accidentally activate the UV light source 102 to emit the UV light 104 without depressing the secondary switch 120 on the handle 118 even if the primary switch 122 is activated. As will be discussed in more detail below, the primary switch 122 being activated couples a power source to an electronic control system and the UV light source 102 for operations. Thus, deactivating the primary switch 122 decouples power from the electronic control system and the UV light source 102 as a hard kill switch, such that the UV light emission device 100 will be completely non-operational regardless of the state of the secondary switch 120. The secondary switch 120 only controls activation and deactivation of the UV light source 102 as a secondary control mechanism.

[0075] With continuing reference to Figure 1A, the UV light emission device 100 in this example also includes a base 124 that includes a base housing 126 that is attached to an end 128 of the handle 118 opposite an end 130 of the handle 118 attached to the light source head 106. The base 124, the handle 118, and the light source head 106 may all be made of hardened plastic material, as an example. The base housing 126 can be a separate component that is attached to the handle 118 or formed as an integrated component with the handle 118, such as that produced with a mold. As will be discussed in more detail below, in this example of the UV light emission device 100, the base housing 126 supports PCBs of the electronic control system and light source driver circuits (i.e., current drivers) to drive power to the UV LEDs 110 in the UV light source 102 for operation to emit the UV light 104. As discussed below, the electronic control system and light source driver circuits are located in the base 124 to separate them from the UV light source 102 that generates substantial heat. In this example, the base housing 126 is spatially separated from the light source head 106 by at least eight (8) inches through the intermediate handle 118 to spatially isolate the electronic control system from the UV light source 102. The base housing 126 can also be configured to support other components as desired, including sensors that may be employed to detect environmental and other conditions that are detected to affect the control and operation of the UV light emission device 100. The handle 118 can include an interior portion (not shown in Figure 1A) that supports a wiring harness coupled between light source driver circuits in the base housing 126 and the UV light source 102. The wiring harness is connected to a PCB as part of the UV light source 102 in the light source head 106 to couple power and control signals from the light source driver circuits to the UV light source 102. The primary switch 122 is also supported in the base housing 126 and mounted on the bottom surface 132 of the base housing 126 for convenience. [0076] As also shown in Figures 1A and IB, a grommet 134 is also supported by the base housing 126 in this example and mounted on the bottom surface 132 of the base housing 126 to support an electrical cable 136 attached to the base housing 126 and extending into the base housing 126 for carrying power from an external power source to the light source driver circuits and electrical control system components in the base housing 126 for operation. Figure IB illustrates a UV light emission system 138 that includes the UV light emission device 100 and a power source 140 in the form of a battery 142 to provide power to the UV light emission devicelOO. The battery 142 is provided remote from the UV light emission device 100 in this example. Alternatively, the power source 140 could include an alternating current (AC) power interface and AC-DC power converter circuitry so that the power source could be power received directly through an AC power outlet without the need for a battery. As another example, the power source 140 could include both alternating current (AC) power interface and AC-DC power converter circuitry to charge the battery 142, and the UV light emission device 100 be portably used from power from the battery 142. As another example, the battery 142 could be integrated into the base 124 to avoid the need for attachment of the UV light emission device 100 through the electrical cable 136.

[0077] Figure 1C is a close-up rear perspective view of the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1 A and IB to illustrate additional detail. As shown in Figure 1C, the base 124 is formed by the base housing 126 and a base attachment member 200 that is secured to the base housing 126 through fasteners 139, such as screws, that are received into respective orifices 141 in the base housing 126 and engage with internal female bosses/receivers in the base attachment member 200. The orifices 141 may be threaded to receive the fasteners 139, which may be self-tapping fasteners 139, for example. An interior chamber is formed in the base 124 between the base housing 126 and base attachment member 200. In this manner, the base housing 126 can be easily removed to access components, including the electrical control system and light source driver circuits, inside the base housing 126, such as for repair or troubleshooting. Also, as shown in Figure 1C, the light source head 106 includes a light source housing 202 that is attached to a light source housing cover 204 to secure the UV light source 102. For example, the light source housing 202 and the light source housing cover 204 may be an approximately 4” x 4” dimension to provide a large area for the embedded UV light source 102. An interior chamber is formed in the light source head 106 between the light source housing 202 and the light source housing cover 204. As discussed in more detail below, the components of the UV light source 102, including the UV LEDs 110, a PCB 112 in which the UV LEDs 110 are mounted, a fan, and heat sink are mounted inside the light source housing 202. The light source housing cover 204 may be made or surrounded on its outside from a softer material than the light source housing cover 204, such as rubber, silicone, polycarbonate, polyethylene material, a thermoplastic elastomer, and a thermoplastic urethane as examples, as a bumper to protect the light source shield 108, especially if the light source shield 108 is made from a delicate material, such as glass. In this manner, if the UV light emission device 100 is dropped, the light source housing cover 204 can absorb some of the impact from the collision.

[0078] With continuing reference to Figure 1C, a visual status indicator 143, which is an LED 144 in this example, is mounted on the rear 117 of the light source housing 202 to provide a visual status of the UV light emission device 100 to a user. As will be discussed in more detail below, the light color and/or the emission pattern of the visual status indicator 143 can be controlled by the electronic control system of the UV light emission device 100 to provide information on operational and error modes of the UV light emission device 100 visually to the user. For example, the visual status indicator 143 can be controlled to emit different colors, such as red, green, and yellow, as well as emit light in different blink patterns. The visual status indicator 143 is preferentially mounted on the rear 117 of the light source housing 202 so that the visual status indicator 143 is in line of sight of a user as the user holds the handle 118 and directs the UV light 104 emitted from the UV light source 102 through the light source shield 108 away from the user towards a surface or area of interest.

[0079] With continuing reference to Figure 1C, the UV light 104 emitted by the UV LEDs 110 is at a UV wavelength(s) that is not visible to the human eye. Thus, there is not a way for a user to detect that the UV light source 102 is operational and the UV LEDs 110 are emitting light by seeing the UV light 104 emanating from the UV light source 102. This could cause an unsafe condition if the user were to look in at the UV LEDs 110 wherein the UV light 104 reached the surface of the user’s skin and/or cornea of their eyes, depending on the wavelength(s) of the UV light 104, the intensity of the UV light 104, and the duration of exposure. Thus, in this example, the light source head 106 also includes an additional visual status indicator 146 in the form of a visible light ring 148. The visible light ring 148 is made of a translucent material shaped in the form of a ring that fits and is retained between the light source housing 202 and the light source housing cover 204 when the light source housing cover 204 is secured to the light source housing 202. Visible light indicators or visible lights in the form of visible light LEDs (not shown) are located on a PCB that also supports the UV LEDs 110 in this example. The visible light LEDs are placed so that the light emitted from the visible light LEDs is directed towards the visible light ring 148 automatically when the UV light source 102 is operational. The visible light ring 148 acts as a lightpipe, such that the visible light emitted by the visible light LEDs through the visible light ring 148 appear to light up or glow. In this example, the visible light indicators are electrically coupled to a light source driver circuit that receives power from the same main light power rail as the UV light source 102. Thus, if power is interrupted to the main light power rail as a safety condition, for example, the visible light ring 148 will not glow to indicate that the UV light source 102 is also non-operational. However, if power is coupled to the main light power rail, the visible light ring 148 will glow to indicate that the UV light source 102 is also receiving power and may be operational.

[0080] Alternatively or in addition, an optional mesh material installed over the light source shield 108 or providing the light source shield 108 could be coated with a phosphorous material that exhibits luminescence and illuminates when contacted by the UV light 104 for a period of time according to its decay rate. Thus, the light source shield 108 could also serve as a visual indicator to a user that the UV light source 102 is operational. This method may also be employed as a way to avoid further internal visible-light LEDs in the light source housing 202 to illuminate through the visible light ring 148, acting as a light pipe and/or to eliminate the visible light ring 148.

[0081] Figure 2 is a bottom view of the light source head 106 of the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A-1C to illustrate additional exemplary details of the UV light source 102 and the light source shield 108. As shown in Figure 2, the UV light source 102 includes the UV LEDs 110 in this example, as previously discussed. The UV LEDs 110 are grouped in light strings that consist of either one LED or multiple LEDs electrically coupled together serially. In this example, there are six (6) light strings 206(l)-206(6) in the UV light source 102. A light string is defined as a circuit that can contain one light (e.g., a LED) or multiple lights (i.e., multiple LEDs) connected in series to each other. The grouping of a number of LEDs on a light string is a design choice and is dependent on the light source driver circuit selected and the amount of current needed to drive the LEDs according to their specifications to emit light of the desired intensity. The grouping of LEDs in light strings may also be desired to allow each light string 206(1 )-206(6) to operate independently of the other light strings 206(1 )-206(6) in case there is a failure in an LED in a given light string 206(1 )-206(6) and/or its light source driver circuit.

[0082] With reference to Figure 2, the UV light emission device 100 in this example also includes one or more visible lights in the light strings 206(1 )-206(6) that are configured to emit light in the visible spectrum and at one or more wavelengths in the visible light spectrum (i.e., between 400-700 nanometers (nm)), which is safe to humans. For example, light strings 206(1) and 206(6) could each include two (2) visible lights 208(l)-208(2), and 208(3)-204(4), which can be in the form of visible light LEDs as an example. In this manner, when the light strings 206(1), 206(6) of the UV light source 102 are operational, current driving these light strings 206(1), 206(6) also automatically drives the visible lights 208(l)-208(4) in these light strings 206(1), 206(6) to emanate visible light. By automatic, it is meant that the UV light emission device 100 is configured to drive power to the visible lights 208(l)-208(4) to cause them to emit visible light when power is driven to the light strings 206(1), 206(6) to cause UV LEDs 110 to emit UV light in this example without further separate user activation or control. In this manner, the visible light emitted by the visible lights 208(1 )-208(4) is visually perceptible to a user when the UV LEDs 110 are emitting UV light for the user’s safety and to provide visual feedback to the user as discussed in more detail below. In other words, the user will know the UV LEDs 110 are emitting UV light that is not otherwise visible to the user when the visible lights 208(1 )-208(4) are emitting visible light. For example, the visible lights 208(1)- 208(4) may be configured to emit white light. For convenience, the visible lights 208(l)-208(4) can replace respective UV LEDs 110 that would otherwise be present in the UV light source 102. Thus, a user that is operating the UV light emission device 100 has indicators that are visibly perceptible in the form of the visible light emitted from the visible lights 208(1 )-208(4) to also know that the UV light 104 is being emitted by the UV light source 102. In this example, as a non-limiting example, the visible lights 208(l)-208(4) are mounted in the UV light source 102 in the interior chamber of the light source housing 202 adjacent to the outside comers of the light source head 106 so that the visible light emitted from the UV light source 102 provides an approximate light border of where the UV light 104 may be emanating from the UV LEDs 110 when the UV light source 102 is activated. The visible light is emitted by visible lights 208(l)-208(4) in the direction of the UV light 104 emitted by the UV LEDs 110. The visible light emitted by the visible lights 208(1 )- 208(4) can intersect the UV light 104 emitted by the UV LEDs 110. In this manner, the user can determine by viewing the visible light emitted by the visible lights 208(l)-208(4), the direction and general area in which the UV light 104 is emitted by the UV LEDs 110. Alternatively, another visible light source other than the visible lights 208(1 )-208(4) as LEDs may be employed, including but not limited to a laser that emits one or more laser beams, as an example. Alternatively, a single visible light could be mounted in the UV light source 102 in the center or center area of the light source head 106 so that the visible light emitted from the UV light source 102 is centered to the UV light 104 emanating from the UV LEDs 110 when the UV light source 102 is activated.

[0083] Also, in this example, a benefit of placing the visible lights 208(1 )-208(4) in the series of light strings 206(1), 206(6) that also include UV LEDs 110 is to provide a safety mechanism. Current that reaches the UV LEDs 110 in the light strings 206(1), 206(6) will also reach the visible lights 208(1 )-208(4) so that the visible lights 208(1 )-208(4) will emit visible light when the UV light source 102 is emitting UV light 104. Also, as will be discussed in more detail below, the UV light emission device 100 is designed so that power can be decoupled from the UV light source 102 independent of power provided to the electronic control system that drives the visual status indicator 143 shown in Figure 1C. Thus, the emission of light by the visual status indicator 143 in and of itself is not an absolute indicator of the presence or lack of presence of the UV light 104 emitted by the UV light source 102. However, as discussed above and in more detail below, the color and light pattern of the visual status indicator 143 can be controlled to indicate different operational modes and statuses to a user, which can include an operational status of the UV light source 102. In this instance, the visible lights 208(1 )-208(4) are a secondary method of visually conveying to a user if the UV light source 102 is operational and emitting the UV light 104. The visual status indicator 143 can be a bi-color LED that is configured to emit different colors (e.g., green, red, and yellow colors) of light depending on a controlled operational mode.

[0084] With continuing reference to Figure 2, the light source housing cover 204 includes female bosses/receivers (not shown) that are configured to receive fasteners 210(1)-210(4) to secure the light source shield 108 to the light source housing cover 204. The light source shield 108 includes openings 212(1)-212(4) that are configured to align with the female receivers internal to the light source housing cover 204 when the light source shield 108 is placed inside the light source housing cover 204. The light source housing cover 204 is designed to have an internal diameter Di that is slightly larger than the outer diameter D2 of the light source shield 108 so that the light source shield 108 can fit inside the outer edges of the light source housing cover 204. Fasteners 210(1)-210(4) are inserted into the openings 212(1)-212(4) to secure the light source shield 108 to the light source head 106.

[0085] Figure 3 A is a first side view of the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A-1C with common elements discussed above labeled with common element numbers. As shown in Figure 3A, the UV light emission device 100 is designed so that the plane Pi of the opening # normal to the light source housing cover 204 and the UV light source 102 therein is at angle Fi with respect to the tangential plane P2 to the apex Ai of the handle 118. The apex Ai of the handle 118 may be located at half the distance DA between ends 128, 130 of the handle 118 as an example. In this manner, when a user is handling the UV light emission device 100 by the handle 118, the light source housing 202 and UV light source 102 will naturally be oriented in a parallel plane to plane Pi with respect to the ground. Then angle Fi between the first plane Pi and the tangential plane P2 can be between 1 and 45 degrees. Figure 3B is a second side view of the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C with common elements discussed above labeled with common element numbers. Figure 3C is a bottom view of the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A- 1C with common elements discussed above labeled with common element numbers. Figure 3D is atop view of the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1 A- 1C with common elements discussed above labeled with common element numbers. Figure 3E is a front view of the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A-1C with common elements discussed above labeled with common element numbers. Figure 3Fis a rear view of the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A-1C with common elements discussed above labeled with common element numbers.

[0086] To illustrate more exemplary detail of the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A- 1C, Figures 4A-4D are provided. Figure 4A is an overall side, cross-sectional view of the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A-1C. Figure 4B is a close-up, side, cross-sectional view of the light source head 106 of the UV light emission device 100. Figure 4C is a side perspective exploded cross-sectional view of the light source head 106 of the UV light emission device 100. Figure 4D is an overall side, exploded view of the UV light emission device 100.

[0087] With reference to Figure 4A, six (6) light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) are installed in the base housing 126 of the base 124 to drive power to the UV light source 102 in the light source head 106. In this example, the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6) are LED driver circuits to drive the UV LEDs 110 in the UV light source 102. In this example, the light driver circuits 400(1)- 400(3) are mounted to a first light driver PCB 402 inside the base housing 126, and the light driver circuits 400(4)- 400(6) are mounted to a second light driver PCB 403 opposite the first light driver PCB 402. As previously discussed, input power provided to the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6) is sourced from the electrical cable 136 (see Figure 1C). There are six (6) light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6)inthis example because each light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) drives power to one (1) light string 206(1)-

206(6) among the six (6) light strings 206(l)-206(2) provided in the UV light source 102 (see Figure 2). As will also be discussed in more detail below, current and voltage sensors (not shown) are also provided for the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) to sense current drawn from the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6) and/or voltage across the driver circuits 400(1)- 400(6) as a failure detection mechanism to determine if any of the light driver circuits 400(1)- 400(6) have failed. The light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6) may not only be located in the base 124 apart from the UV light source 102 in the light source head 106 for packaging convenience but also to manage heat. This also creates balance by placing the electronic control system 404 and the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6) in this example in the base 124 circuitry opposite the light source head 106. The center of gravity of the UV light emission device 100 is very close to the secondary switch 120, reducing wrist strain. The light driver circuits 400( 1 )-400(6) are configured to supply a large amount of current and generate heat. The UV light source 102 also generates heat. So, providing the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6) in the base 124 apart from the light source head 106 may serve to improve heat dissipation rates and to more easily manage the temperature in the UV light source 102.

[0088] With continuing reference to Figure 4A, an electrical control system 404 on an electrical control PCB 406 is also supported in the base housing 126. The electrical control system 404 is an electrical circuit. As will be discussed in more detail below, the electrical control system 404 includes a microprocessor that is configured to receive inputs from a number of sensors and other sources, including the secondary switch 120 on the handle 118, and control the activation of the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) to activate and deactivate the UV light source 102. As also shown in Figure 4 A, wiring connectors 408, 410 are provided inside the base 124 and extend inside the handle 118 to provide a wiring harness between the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6), the electrical control system 404, and the UV light source 102. The wiring harness may include, for example, a ribbon cable 412 that is coupled to the wiring connector 410 and to another wiring connector 414 on the opposite end of the handle 118 adjacent to the light source head 106 that is connected to writing connector 416 coupled to the UV light source 102 to distribute power and other communications signals between the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) electrical control system 404.

[0089] With continuing reference to Figure 4A, the secondary switch 120 is shown installed inside the handle 118 with a trigger 418 of the secondary switch 120 exposed from an opening in the body of the handle 118. The trigger 418 is attached to a spring-loaded hinge 420 that biases the trigger 418 outward to an open position. The trigger 418 of the secondary switch 120 is in electrical contact with the electrical control system 404. As will be discussed in more detail below, when the trigger 418 is not engaged such that the secondary switch 120 remains open such that a trigger signal cannot be provided, the electrical control system 404 disables the distribution of power from the power source received over the electrical cable 136 to the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6) as a safety mechanism. When the trigger 418 is moved inward and engaged to close the secondary switch 120, the secondary switch 120 can provide a trigger signal in the electrical control system 404 that enables the distribution of power from the power source received over the electrical cable 136 to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6). For example, the secondary switch 120 may be the Omron D2MQ series Omron SS series (e.g., SS-01GL13) subminiature basic switch.

[0090] As discussed previously, by providing the secondary switch 120 as a momentary switch, the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6) of the UV light source 102 are only active to generate current when the secondary switch 120 is being actively depressed, such as by a user holding the handle 118 and depressing the secondary switch 120. When a user is no longer depressing the secondary switch 120, the secondary switch 120 becomes non-depressed and thus non-activated such that it does not provide a trigger signal to activate the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6). Thus, the secondary switch 120 can act as a safety measure to ensure that the UV light source 102 is not active when the secondary switch 120 is not being engaged. For example, if the user of the UV light emission device 100 lays the device down and releases the handle 118 such that the secondary switch 120 is not activated, the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6) will be deactivated. The secondary switch 120 as a momentary switch allows the user to control the ultimate on and off time of the UV LEDs 110.

[0091] Further, although not limiting and the UV light source 102 not being limited to use of UV LEDs, the deployment of the secondary switch 120 as a momentary switch can also make more feasible the use of LEDs in the UV light source 102. LEDs are a semiconductor device. As soon as current flows to the LED, electrons flow through its P-N junction of a LED, and energy is released in the form of photons to emit light. The UV LEDs 110 of the UV light source 102 are able to essentially instantaneously emit UV light when current starts to flows under control of the secondary switch 120 when activated without having to wait for more significant elapsed time (e.g., 10-15 minutes) for a gas inside a bulb to “warm-up” to produce a fuller intensity light. The use of LEDs as the UV light source 102 allows a more instantaneous off and on of UV light emission, as controlled by the secondary switch 120 in this example, without having to employ other techniques for off and on employed by bulbs, such as pulse- width modulation (PWM).

[0092] With continuing reference to Figure 4A, a cross-sectional view of the light source head 106 of the UV light emission device 100 is shown. Figure 4B illustrates a close-up, cross-sectional view of the light source head 106 of the UV light emission device 100 shown in Figure 4A to provide additional detail. Figure 4C illustrates a side perspective exploded cross-sectional view of the light source head 106 of the UV light emission device 100 shown in Figures 4A and 4B . As shown in Figures 4A-4C, the UV light source 102 installed in the light source head 106 includes a light source PCB 422 in which the UV LEDs 110 and visible lights 208(l)-208(4) are mounted, as previously discussed in Figure 2 above. Visible light indicators 423 (i.e., visible lights), which may be LEDs, are also mounted on the perimeter of the light source PCB 422 adjacent to the visible light ring 148 and driven by a light driver circuit 400(l)-400(6) to emit light to the visible light ring 148 that is then propagated through the visible light ring 148 when the UV light source 102 has activated an additional indicator of such. Thus, in this example, because the visible light indicators 423 are driven by a light driver circuit 400(l)-400(6) that also drives the UV LEDs 110 in the UV light source 102, the visible light indicators 423 are activated automatically in response to the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6) driving the UV LEDs 110 in the UV light source 102. In this manner, the visible light emitted by the visual light indicators 143 to the visible light ring 148 is visually perceptible to a user when the UV LEDs 110 are emitting UV light for the user’s safety. In other words, the user will know the UV LEDs 110 are emitting UV light that is not otherwise visible to the user when the visible light ring 148 is illuminated by visible light from the visual light indicators 143. The UV LEDs 110 and visible lights 208(l)-208(4) are mounted in parabolic reflectors 424 that may be reflectors of a metal material, and that reflect and direct their emitted light in a ten (10) degree cone in this example.

[0093] A heat sink 426 is mounted on the backside of the light source PCB 422 for the UV light source 102 to dissipate heat generated from operation. A fan 428 is mounted inside the light source head 106 above the heat sink 426 to draw heat away from the heat sink 426 and the light source PCB 422 for the UV light source 102 and to direct such heat through the vent openings 114 in the rear 117 of the light source housing 202 for heat dissipation. Alternatively, the fan 428 could be controlled to draw air through the openings 114 in the rear 117 of the light source housing 202 and exhausting it through the openings 114 in the side(s) 116 of the light source housing 202 for heat dissipation. As discussed in more detail below, the fan 428 is electronically controlled by the electrical control system 404 to variably control the speed of the fan 428 based on sensed temperature in the UV light source 102 to provide sufficient heat dissipation. In another embodiment, the fan 428 can be eliminated using passive heat dissipation. This may be possible when UV light source 102 is efficient enough to not need additional airflow for heat dissipation.

[0094] In addition, since visible LEDs such as the visible light indicators 423 and UV LEDs, such as UV LEDs 110, have different optical efficiencies, where visible LEDs are generally more optically efficient, the circuit could be modified to shunt some of the currents around the white LED to reduce its brightness with a resistor. The brightness of the visible LED could also be reduced with a simple filter inserted in the individual reflector cells.

[0095] A fan 428 is mounted inside the light source head 106 above the heat sink 426 to draw heat away from the heat sink 426 and the light source PCB 422 for the UV light source 102 and to direct such heat through the vent openings 114 in the rear 117 of the light source housing 202 for heat dissipation. Alternatively, as discussed above, the fan 428 mounted inside the light source head 106 above the heat sink 426 could pull air through the openings 114 in the rear 117 of the light source head 106. Pulled air could be exhausted through the openings 114 in the side 116 to carry heat generated from the light source PCB 422 in the UV light source 102 away from the UV light source 102. As discussed in more detail below, the fan 428 is electronically controlled by the electrical control system 404 to variably control the speed of the fan 428 based on sense temperature in the UV light source 102 to provide sufficient heat dissipation. The fan 428 is mounted inside the light source housing 202 through fasteners 425 that are extended through openings 427 in the rear 117 of the light source housing 202. The interior chamber 429 created by the light source housing 202 also provides additional spaces that can further facilitate the dissipation of heat. Note that the interface area 430 between the handle 118 and the light source housing 202 is a closed-off space by the presence of the light source PCB 422 and internal walls 432, 434 of the light source housing 202 and light source housing cover 204.

[0096] Also, as shown in Figure 4A, the UV light emission device 100 includes a haptic feedback device 435 in the handle 118 that is coupled to the electrical control system 404. As discussed in more detail below, the electrical control system 404 is configured to activate the haptic feedback device 435 to apply a vibratory force to the handle 118 under certain conditions and operational modes of the UV light emission device 100. The vibratory force will be felt by a human user who is holding the handle 118 to control and manipulate the UV light emission device 100 in its normal, operational use. For example, the haptic feedback device 435 can be configured to be controlled by a haptic motor driver (shown in Figure 5 below) in the electrical control system 404 to spin to cause the haptic feedback device 435 to exert a vibratory force to the handle 118. The electrical control system 404 could cause activate the haptic feedback device 435 to create different sequences of vibratory force as different indicators or instructions to a human user of the UV light emission device 100, such as various error conditions.

[0097] Figure 4B also shows the raised outer edges 436, 438 of the light source housing cover 204 that then create an internal compartment for the light source shield 108 to be inserted and fit inside to be mounted to the light source housing cover 204 in front of the direction of emission of light from the UV light source 102. An optional screen 439 (e.g., metal screen) can also be provided and fit between the light source shield 108 and the light source housing cover 204 to further protect the UV light source 102 and/or to provide a sacrificial surface. The optional screen 439 includes openings 441 that align with the UV LEDs 110 in the UV light source 102. An adhesive or tape (e.g., a double-sided tape) can be used to secure the light source shield 108 to the optional screen 439. Thus, for example, if the light source shield 108 is made of glass and it breaks, the glass shield will remain in place and attached to the optional screen 439 for safety reasons.

[0098] Also, as discussed earlier, in addition, or alternatively to providing the light source shield 108, the parabolic reflectors 424 could be provided to have an opening or aperture 441 of diameter D3(i) as shown in Figure 4B. The light from the respective UV LEDs 110 and visible light 208(l)-208(4) is emitted towards the respective aperture 441 of the parabolic reflectors 424. The diameter D3 of the apertures 441 of the parabolic reflectors 424 can be sized to be smaller than the diameter of a typical, smaller-sized human finger. For example, the diameter D3 of the aperture 441 could be 0.5 inches or smaller. This would prevent a human from being able to put their finger or other appendages inside the opening 441 of the parabolic reflectors 424 in direct contact with the UV LEDs 110 and/or the visible light 208(l)-208(4) for safety reasons. This may allow a separate light shield, like light source shield 108, to not be used or required to provide the desired safety of preventing direct human contact with the UV LEDs 110 and visible light 208(l)-208(4).

[0099] Note that the diameter of the parabolic reflectors 424 decreases from the aperture 441 back to where the actual position of the UV LEDs 110 or visible light 208(l)-208(4) is disposed within the parabolic reflectors 424. Thus, even if the diameter D3 _(i) of the aperture 441 has a large enough opening to receive a human finger or other parts, the reducing internal diameter of the parabolic reflectors 424 may still prevent a human finger or other parts from reaching and contacting the UV LEDs 110 or visible light 208(l)-208(4) within the parabolic reflectors 424. For example, as shown in Figure 4B, the diameter D3 ₍ 2 ₎ of the parabolic reflectors 424 is less than the diameter D3 of their apertures 441. The diameter D3 ₍ 2>of the parabolic reflectors 424 still located a distance away from the UV LEDs 110 or visible light 208(l)-208(4) is disposed within the parabolic reflectors 424 may also be small enough to prevent human finger or other parts from reaching and contacting the surface of the UV LEDs 110 or visible light 208(l)-208(4).

[00100] As further shown in Figure 4C, the handle 118 is comprised of two handle members 440, 442 that come together in clamshell-like fashion and are fitted together by fasteners 444 through openings in the handle member 442 to be secured to the handle member 440. As previously discussed, the two handle members 440, 442 have internal openings such that an interior chamber is formed inside the handle 118 when assembled for the ribbon cable 412 (see Figure 4A)of the wiring harness and secondary switch 120. Similarly, as shown in Figure 4C, the light source housing cover 204 is secured to the light source housing 202 through fasteners 448 that are inserted into openings in the light source housing cover 204. The fasteners 448 can be extended through openings 450 in the visible light ring 148 and openings 452 in the light source PCB 422 and into openings in the light source housing 202 to secure the light source housing cover 204 to the light source housing 202.

[00101] As discussed above, the UV light emission device 100 includes an electrical control system 404 that is on one or more PCBs and housed in the base housing 126 to provide the overall electronic control of the UV light emission device 100. In this regard, Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the exemplary electrical control system 404 in the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A-1C. As will be discussed below, the electrical control system 404 includes safety circuits, power distribution circuits for controlling the distribution of power to the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6) and the UV light source 102, and other general circuits. As shown in Figure 5, the electrical control system 404 includes an external power interface 500 that is configured to be coupled to the electrical cable 136 that is electrically coupled to a battery 142 as a power source (e.g., 44.4 Volts (V)). As previously discussed, the battery 142 may be external to the UV light emission device 100 or alternatively integrated within the UV light emission device 100. A power signal 504 generated by the battery 142 is electrically received by an input power rail 506 controlled by inline primary switch 122 (see Figures 1A-1C) into three (3) DC-DC regulator circuits 508(1)- 508(3) to provide different voltage levels to different voltage rails 510(l)-510(3) since different circuits in the electrical control system are specified for different operation voltages, which in this example are 15V, 12V, and 3.3V, respectively. For example, the battery 142 may be a rechargeable Lithium-Ion battery rated at 44.4V, 6.4 Ah manufactured by LiTech. As another example, the battery 142 may be a 14.4 VDC nominal 143W/hr. battery manufactured by IDX. The electrical control system 404 may also have battery overload and reserve battery protection circuits. The input power rail 506 is also coupled to a safety switch 512, which may be a field- effect-transistor (FET). The safety switch 512 is configured to pass the power signal 504 to a power enable circuit 530 (e.g., a power switch) in response to a power safety signal 516 generated by a safety circuit 518, indicating either a power safe or power unsafe state independent of any software-controlled device, such as a microprocessor controller circuit as discussed below, as a failsafe mechanism. The safety circuit 518 is configured to receive a power signal 520 indicating an enable or disable state from a detect latch 522 that is controlled by a controller circuit 524, which is a microcontroller in this example, to latch a latch reset signal 526 as either a power safe or power unsafe state. As will be discussed below, the controller circuit 524 is configured to set the detect latch 522 to a power safe state when it is determined that it is safe to distribute power in the UV light emission device 100 to the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6) to distribute power to the UV light source 102. When it is desired to discontinue power distribution to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6), the controller circuit 524 is configured to generate the latch reset signal 526 to a latch reset state as a power unsafe state. The detect latch 522 is configured to default to a power unsafe state on power-up of the electrical control system 404.

[00102] As also shown in Figure 5, the safety switch 512 is also controlled based on a power regulator circuit 528 that is configured to pull the power safety signal 516 to ground or a power rail voltage to indicate either the power safe or power unsafe state to control the safety switch 512. Thus, if there are any voltage irregularities on the input power rail 506 or from the DC-DC regulator circuits 508(l)-508(3), the power regulator circuit 528 is configured to generate the power safety signal 516 in a power unsafe state to disable the safety switch 512 and interrupt power distribution from the input power rail 506 to a power enable circuit 530 as a safety measure. Note that the safety circuit 518 and the power regulator circuit 528 are configured to generate the power safety signal 516 irrespective of whether the controller circuit 524 is operational as a safety measure and in case the controller circuit 524 discontinues to operate properly. This is because it is desired in this example to detect fault conditions with regard to any voltage irregularities on the input power rail 506 or from the DC-DC regulator circuits 508(1 )-508(3) when power is first turned on to the UV light emission device 100, and before the controller circuit 524 starts up and becomes operational as a hardware circuit-only safety feature.

[00103] The safety circuit 518 in this example also receives an analog over-temperature signal 531 and a watchdog reset signal 539 as additional mechanisms to cause the safety circuit 518 to generate the power safety signal 516 in a power unsafe state to disable the safety switch 512 from distributing the power signal 504, even if the controller circuit 524 is not operational. For example, the controller circuit 524 includes a watchdog timer circuit 532 that is configured to be updated periodically by the controller circuit 524 from an output signal 541, and if it is not, the watchdog timer circuit 532 times out and generates a watchdog reset signal 539 to restart the controller circuit 524. The watchdog reset signal 539 is also provided to the safety circuit 518 to cause the safety circuit 518 to generate the power safety signal 516 in a power unsafe state to disable the safety switch 512 from distributing the power signal 504 when the controller circuit 524 becomes or is non- operational, and until the controller circuit 524 is successfully rebooted and operational. The safety circuit 518 is also configured to generate the power safety signal 516 in a power unsafe state to disable the safety switch 512 from distributing the power signal 504 when an overall temperature condition at the UV light source 102 is detected via the analog over- temperature signal 531 generated by the temperature sensor circuit 536 described below.

[00104] It is also desired for the controller circuit 524 to also be able to control enabling and disabling of power distribution of the power signal 504. For example, the controller circuit 524 includes a trigger signal 535 from the secondary switch 120 that indicates a power enable state (e.g., a logic ‘1’ value) when the secondary switch 120 is engaged and a power disable state (e.g., a logic Ό’ value) when the secondary switch 120 is not engaged. As discussed above, the secondary switch 120 is configured to be engaged by a user when using the UV light emission device 100 to control when the UV light source 102 is activated or de-activated. In this regard, the power enable switch 530 is provided, which may be a FET. The power enable switch 530 is coupled between the safety switch 512 and the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6) to control power distribution to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6). The power enable switch 530 is under the sole control of the controller circuit 524 to provide another mechanism to control power distribution of the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6) driving the UV light source 102. In this manner, as discussed in more detail below, a software algorithm executed in software or firmware by the controller circuit 524 can control the enabling and disabling of power distribution of the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) based on a number of conditions detected by input signals. In this regard, the controller circuit 524 is configured to generate a power enable signal 533 to the power enable switch 530 of a power enable or power disable state. For example, the controller circuit 524 is configured to receive power input signals 534(l)-534(3) that can be coupled to the voltage rails 510(l)-510(3) to detect if the DC-DC regulator circuits 508(l)-508(2) are distributing their expected voltages in addition to the power regulator circuit 528 that does not involve the controller circuit 524. In response to the power enable signal 533 being a power enable state, the power enable switch 530 is configured to distribute the received power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6).

[00105] With continuing reference to Figure 5, a driver enable circuit 537 is also provided that controls a driver enable signal 538 in either a driver enable state or driver disable state. The driver enable signal 538 is coupled to the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(4) to control the activation or deactivation of the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(4). If the driver enable signal 538 is in a power disable state, the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(4) will be disabled and not drive power to the UV light source 102 regardless of whether or not the power enable switch 530 distributes the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(4). The driver enable circuit 537 is coupled to a light enable signal 543 generated by the controller circuit 524 and a trigger signal 535, which must both indicate a power enable state for the driver enable circuit 537 to generate the driver enable signal 538 (DRIVER ENABLE) of a power enable state to enable the light driver circuits 400(1)- 400(4).

[00106] With continuing reference to Figure 5, the controller circuit 524 is also configured to generate a visual feedback signal 540 to the visual status indicator 143 (see Figure 1C) to control the operational mode, color, and pulse pattern of light emitted by the visual status indicator 143. The controller circuit 524 is also configured to generate a fan control signal 542 to a fan control switch 544 to control operation of the fan 428 in the UV light source 102 to dissipate heat generated by the UV light source 102. The controller circuit 524 can pulse-width-modulate the fan control signal 542 provided to the fan control switch 544 to control the speed of the fan 428. The electrical control system 404 also includes an inertial measurement unit (IMU) circuit 546 that includes an accelerometer circuit. The IMU is configured to generate an accelerometer or orientation signal 548 to the detect latch 522 and the controller circuit 524. For example, the IMU circuit 546 may be the MMA8451 IQ digital accelerometer by NXP Semiconductors. The IMU circuit 546 may be programmed over a communication bus 549 (e.g., an I ² C communications bus) to generate the accelerometer or orientation signal 548 based on the UV light emission device 100 exceeding a given acceleration and/or angle or orientation as a safety feature. For example, the accelerometer or orientation signal 548 may indicate an initialize state, a test ok state indicating a current is sensed in a test state, an ok state indicating current is sensed in an operational state or an error state. For example, the accelerometer or orientation signal 548 may be in an error state if the UV light emission device 100 is dropped or rotated by a user beyond a programmed allowable angle based on acceleration or orientation of the UV light emission device 100. If the accelerometer or orientation signal 548 is in an error state, this causes the detect latch 522 to register the error condition to cause the controller circuit 524 to disable the power enable switch 530 to discontinue distribution of the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(4).

[00107] The IMU circuit 546 can also be configured to generate an acceleration (or force) signal 548 to indicate the amount of g-force imposed on the UV light emission device 100 as a drop detect safety feature, for example. If the g-force on the UV light emission device 100 is detected by the electronic control system 404 to exceed a defined force threshold level, the detect latch 522 can be activated to register this error condition and inform the controller circuit 524. The controller circuit 524 can disable the UV light emission device 100 if desired, for example. This detected error condition in the detect latch 522 could cause the controller circuit 524 to disable the power enable switch 530 to discontinue distribution of the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(1)- 400(4) so that light is not emitted from the UV light source 102. In one example, the IMU circuit 546 is configured to generate the force signal 547 to cause the detect latch 522 to register the drop detection error if the g-force measured exceeds 7G. 7G of force was found to be the equivalent of an approximate two (2) foot drop of the UV light emission device 100. For example, Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating control of operation of the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A-1C based on orientation of the UV light emission device 100 detected by the IMU circuit 546 in the electrical control system 404 in Figure 5. As shown in Figure 6, the UV light emission device 100 is shown moving in an X-Z plane, where Z is a height direction from the ground and X is a horizontal direction parallel to the ground. In this example, the IMU circuit 546 detects the angular orientation, which is shown as the light source head 106 between 0 and 90 degrees. In this example, the controller circuit 524 is configured to continue to generate the power enable signal 533 in a power enable state if the IMU circuit 546 detects the angular orientation, which is shown as the light source head 106 between 0 and 90 degrees. When the controller circuit 524 detects that the angular orientation of the UV light emission device 100 is more than five (5) degrees beyond its permitted angular range of 0 to 90 degrees (or 95 degrees from the Z plane parallel to ground), in this example, the controller circuit 524 is configured to generate the power enable signal 533 in a power disable state to disable the power enable switch 530 to disable power distribution of the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(4), as shown in Figure 5.

[00108] With reference back to Figure 5, the electrical control system 404 also includes the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6). As previously discussed, in this example, the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(3) are provided on a first light driver PCB 402, and the light driver circuits 400(4)-400(6) are provided on a second light driver PCB 403 (see also, Figure 2). The light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6) are configured to generate current signals 550(l)-550(6) on current outputs 551(l)-551(6) to respective light strings 206(l)-206(6) and a driver circuit 552(l)-552(6) that drives the visible light indicators 423 configured to emit light to the visible light ring 148. In this example, the respective light strings 206(1 )-206(6) and visible light indicators 423 are coupled to the same node that is coupled to the respective current outputs 551(l)-551(6) so that it is guaranteed that the visible light indicators 423 will receive current 553 if the respective light strings 206(l)-206(6) receive current 553 for safety reasons. For example, the visible status indicators 143 may be the SunLED right angle SMD chip LED, Part XZFBB56W-1. In this manner, the user will be able to visibly detect light emanating from the visible light ring 148 when the light strings 206(l)-206(6) are emitting the UV light 104. As a safety mechanism, a current sense circuit 554(l)-554(6) is provided for each light driver circuit 400(l)-400(6) to sense the current signals 550(l)-550(6) generated on the current outputs 551(l)-551(6) by the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6). The current sense circuits 554(l)-554(6) are each configured to generate current sense signals 556(l)-556(6) on the communication bus 549 to be received by the controller circuit 524 to determine if the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) are operational as a diagnostic feature. For example, if a LED in the light string 206(1 )-206(6) has failed, causing an open circuit, this can be detected by the lack of current in the current sense signals 550(l)-550(6). This will cause the overall current in the current signal 550(l)-550(6) to change. For example, the current sense signals 556(l)-556(2) may indicate an initialize state, a test ok state indicating a current is sensed in a test state, an ok state indicating current is sensed in an operational state or an error state. For example, the controller circuit 524 can be configured to determine if the current signal 550(l)-550(6) changed in current based on the received the current sense signals 556(l)-556(6) on the communication bus 549. The controller circuit 524 can be configured to detect an open circuit if the current drops by more than a defined threshold amount of current.

[00109] In certain embodiments, the controller circuit 524 is configured to cause a respective LED driver circuit 400(1 )-400(6) to automatically compensate for an open circuit in the UV LEDs 110 and visible lights 208(l)-208(4) in a respective light string 206(l)-206(6) of the UV light source 102. As discussed above with regard to Figure 7, each light string 206(l)-206(6) has three (3) LEDs, which either all UV LEDs 100 or a combination of the UV LEDs 110 and visible light indicator 208, connected in series with another series-connected three (3) LEDs 110, 208 of all UV LEDs 100 or a combination of the UV LEDs 110. The light strings 206(l)-206(6) are connected in parallel. If UV LEDs 100 or a visible light indicator 208 in a three (3) LED, series-connected string incurs an open circuit, the controller circuit 524 can detect this condition by the current drop as discussed above. The current/voltage sense ICs 854(l)-854(6) and/or the controller circuit 524 can be configured to automatically compensates for the loss of a three (3) LED series-connected string that has an open circuit light string 206(l)-206(6) by increasing (e.g., doubling) the current signals 550(l)-550(6) the parallel three (3) series connected LED string in the same light string 206(1 )- 206(6) to maintain the same output energy in a given light string 206(l)-206(6). Each parallel LED string in the light string 206(l)-206(6) has a constant current source. Thus, normally, 50% of the current in current signals 550(l)-550(6) will flow in each parallel LED string. If one of parallel LED strings becomes open circuited, then 100% of the current of a respective current signal 550(1)- 550(6) from a respective LED driver circuit 400(l)-406(6) will flow in the other remaining parallel LED strings in a given light string 206(1 )-206(6). The optical output power emitted by a parallel LED string is directly proportional to current in the respective current signal 550(l)-550(6) so the optical output of the remaining parallel LED string in a given light string 206(1 )-206(6) will compensate for the open-circuited parallel LED string. If parallel LED strings in a given light string 206(1 )-206(6) have an open circuit, an error condition would be generated by the controller circuit 524. [00110] Temperature sensor circuits 558(l)-558(6) are also provided in the UV light source 102 and are associated with each light string 206(1 )-206(6) to detect temperature of the light strings 206(l)-206(6) based on their emitted light as driven by the current signals 550(l)-550(6) from the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6). The temperature sensor circuits 558(l)-558(6) are configured to generate temperature detect signals 560(l)-560(6) on the communication bus 549 to be received by the controller circuit 524 to detect over-temperature conditions in the UV light source 102. For example, the temperature detect signals 560(l)-560(6) may indicate an initialize state, a test ok state indicating a current and voltage is sensed in a test state, an ok state indicating current and voltage is sensed in an operational state, or an error state. The controller circuit 524 is configured to control the power enable switch 530 to discontinue power distribution to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) in response to detecting an over-temperature condition. Also, the temperature detect signals 560(l)-560(6) may be provided to the safety circuit 518 to allow the safety circuit 518 to disable the safety switch 512 to disable power distribution independent of the controller circuit 524 being operational. The temperature sensor circuits 536(1) may be configured for the temperature threshold to be set or programmed.

[00111] It is also noted that memory may be provided in the electrical control system 404 in Figure 5 to record conditions present. For example, the memory may be a non-volatile memory (NVM). For example, the controller circuit 524 may include an NVM 562 on-chip that can be used to record data that can later be accessed. For example, a USB port 564 may be provided in the electrical control system 404 that can be interfaced with the controller circuit 524 to access the data in the NVM 562. The electrical control system 404 could also include a Wi-Fi or Bluetooth interface for transfer of data. An Ethernet port could also be provided in addition or in lieu of the USB port 564. This is discussed in more detail below.

[00112] Figure 7 is an electrical diagram of the light strings 206(l)-206(6) in the UV light source 102 in the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A-1C compatible with the mechanical diagram of the UV light source 102 in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 6, each light string 206(1)- 206(6) in this example has six (6) LEDs. Light string 206(1) and 206(6) include four UV LEDs 110 and the two (2) visible lights 208(l)-208(2), 208(3)-208(4), respectively, as previously described in Figure 2. Each light string 206(l)-206(6) is driven by its respective light driver circuit 400(1)- 400(6), as previously discussed. As also previously discussed, the light strings 206(1) and 206(6) that include visible lights 208(l)-208(2), 208(3)-208(4) are coupled together in series so that if the UVLEDs 110 in such light strings 206(1), 206(6) receive power to emit light, the visible lights 208(1)- 208(2), 208(3)-208(4) will also receive current to emit light as an indicator to the user of the UV light emission device 100 as a safety feature.

[00113] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary electrical control system 804 that can be included in the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A-1C. Shared common components between the electrical control system 804 in Figure 8 and the electrical control system 404 in Figure 4 are shown with common element numbers between Figures 4 and 8. These common components will not be re-described in Figure 8.

[00114] With reference to Figure 8, in this example, the electrical control system 804 includes the haptic motor driver 870. A haptic motor driver 870 is coupled to the communication bus 549. As discussed in more detail below, the controller circuit 524 is configured to issue a haptic enable signal 871 to the haptic motor driver 870 to activate the haptic motor driver 870 and to control the spin of the haptic motor driver 870 as desired. The haptic motor driver 870 is coupled to the haptic feedback device 435 outside of the electronic control system 804 and disposed in the UV light emission device 100, as shown in Figure 4A.

[00115] With continuing reference to Figure 8, in this example, the electronic control system 804 also includes the ability of the controller circuit 524 to control a timer circuit 841, The controller circuit 524 can initiate a timer circuit 841 to increment a counter based on a clock signal. The timer circuit 841 can issue a timer signal 843 to provide a count value of the timer to the controller circuit 524 to maintain one or more counters. For example, the controller circuit 524 can be configured to use the timer signal 843 from the timer circuit 841 to accumulate a total time (e.g., hours) of usage of the UV light source 102 is activated to track its operational age. The total accumulated time representing the operational age of the UV light source 102 can be stored in FRAM NVM 872 and/or NVM 562. The controller circuit 524 could be configured to deactivate the FED driver circuits 406(l)-406(6) and not allow the UV light emission device 100 to be reactivated after the operational age of the UV light source 102 exceeds a defined threshold. An error condition can be generated in this instance by the controller circuit 524 and recorded in a status register in the FRAM NVM 872 and/or the NVM 562. The controller circuit 524 can also use the timer circuit 841 to maintain other counters that can be used for tracking time of tasks and for timeout purposes. [00116] With continuing reference to Figure 8, in this example, the electronic control system 804 also includes a FRAM NVM 872. The FRAM NVM 872 is located off-chip from the controller circuit 524. The FRAM NVM 872 is coupled to the controller circuit 524 via an interface bus 874. As discussed in more detail below, the FRAM NVM 872 is provided to store data for the UV light emission device 100, such as its serial number, date of last service, usage time, and error codes, etc. This serial number and date of last service can be stored in the FRAM NVM 872 at manufacture or service. The controller circuit 524 is configured to store usage time and error codes in the FRAM NVM 872 at run time. The data in the FRAM NVM 872 can be accessed remotely through the USB port 564, for example.

[00117] With continuing reference to Figure 8, in this example, the fan 428 of the electronic control system 804 can include the ability to generate a tachometer feedback signal 873 that can be provided to the controller circuit 524. The controller circuit 524 can detect the speed of the fan 428 based on the information in the tachometer feedback signal 873 to verify and variably control the fan 428 speed in a closed-loop manner.

[00118] With continuing reference to Figure 8, in this example, the electronic control system 804 includes an LED array PCB 822 that has differences from the LED array PCB 422 in the electronic control system 404 in Figure 5. In this regard, the LED array PCB 822 also includes a temperature failsafe circuit 876 that is configured to generate a signal to the safety circuit 518 if the detected temperature is outside a desired temperature range. This is because it may be desired to disable the UV light source 102 and/or UV light emission device 100 if its temperature exceeds a temperature outside a designated temperature range for safety reasons. The safety circuit 518 can disable the safety FET 512 in response to a detected temperature by the temperature failsafe circuit 876 outside the desired temperature range.

[00119] With continuing reference to Figure 8, in this example, the LED array PCB 822 of the electronic control system 804 includes the driver circuits 552(l)-552(6) to drive the light strings 206(1 )-206(6) as in the electronic control system 404 in Figure 5. However, in this example, two of the light strings 206(5), 206(6) each include two additional current sources 878(1), 878(2) coupled in parallel to respective visible light indicator 208(l)-208(4), which were previously described. The additional current sources 878(1), 878(2) draw some of the current driven from the respective driver circuits 552(5), 552(6) to the visible light indicator 208(1 )-208(4) in the light strings 206(5), 206(6) to regulate or limit their brightness. This is done because, in this example, the current driven to the UV LEDs 110 is also driven to the visible light indicator 208(l)-208(4) as being coupled in series. However, the amount of current desired to be driven to the UV LEDs 110 may be more current than desired to be driven to the visible light indicator 208(1 )-208(4). For example, it may be desired to drive more current to the UV LEDs 110 for effective decontamination, whereas that same current level may cause the visible brightness of the visible lights 208(l)-208(4) to be greater than desired. For example, the additional current sources 878(1), 878(2) could be resistors. [00120] With continuing reference to Figure 8, in this example, the light driver PCBs 402, 403 in the electronic control system 804 are also configured with current/voltage sense circuits 854(1)- 854(6) for each respective light string 206(l)-206(6). This is opposed to only including current sense circuits 554(l)-554(6) like in the electronic controls system 404 in Figure 5. In this manner, as discussed in more detail below, the current/voltage sense circuits 854(l)-854(6) can also detect voltage driven to the respective light strings 206(1 )-206(6) to detect a short circuit in the light strings 206(l)-206(6). A current sense resistor 856 is provided between the current / voltage sense circuits 854(l)-854(6) and the light strings 206(l)-206(6). If, for example, a UV LED 110 fails in its light string 206(l)-206(6), creating a short circuit in its respective light string 206(l)-206(6), this failure may not be detectable by the human eye, because the UV LED 110 emits UV light in the non-visible UV spectrum. Current sensing is not used to detect a short circuit in the light strings 206(l)-206(6) because the current signals 550(l)-550(6) driven by the LED driver circuits 400(1)- 406(2) to the light strings 206(1 )-206(6) does not change. However, a short circuit in a UV LED 110 or visible light indicator 208(l)-208(4) will cause a voltage drop in its light string 206(1)- 206(6) that can be detected by sensing voltage. This is because the same voltage is applied in parallel to each of the light strings 206(1 )-206(6). Thus, a short circuit in one of the light strings 206(1 )-206(6) will present a different resistance in that light string 206(1 )-206(6) versus the other light strings 206(l)-206(6), thus cause a different voltage divide across its UV LED 110 and/or visible light indicator 208(l)-208(4).

[00121] As discussed above, the electronic control systems 404, 804 in Figures 5 and 8 are configured to detect a short circuit in a LED 110, 208 in a light string 206(l)-206(6) of the UV light source 102. The current/voltage sense circuits 854(l)-854(6) are configured to detect a sensed voltage signal 860(l)-860(6) in its respective light string 206(l)-206(6) to detect a short circuit in a light string 206(l)-206(6). This is because a short circuit in a UV LED 110 or visible light indicator 208(1 )-208(4) in a given light string 206(1 )-206(6) will cause a voltage drop in its respective light string 206(1 )-206(6) that can be detected by sensing voltage. This is because the same voltage is applied in parallel to each of the light strings 206(l)-206(6). Thus, a short circuit in one of the light strings 206(1 )-206(6) will present a different resistance in that light string 206(1)- 206(6) versus the other light strings 206(l)-206(6). However, process and temperature variations can cause the normal voltage drop across the UV LEDs 110 and/or visible light indicator 208( 1 )-208(4) in a given light string 206(1 )-206(6) to vary without a short circuit. Thus, when a current/voltage sense circuit 854(l)-854(6) detects a voltage at a given light string 206(l)-206(6), it is difficult to determine if the change in voltage in a given light string 206(1 )-206(6) is normal or the result of a short circuit in the respective light string 206(l)-206(6).

[00122] In this regard, in examples disclosed herein, to compensate for a variation in voltage drop across UV LED 110 and/or visible light indicator 208(l)-208(4) in a given light string 206(1)- 206(6) due to process and/or temperature variations, the controller circuit 524 in the electronic control system 404, 804 in Figure 5 and 8 can be configured to compensate for variability in voltage drop across UV LED 110 and/or visible light indicator 208(l)-208(4) in a given light string 206(1 )-206(6) for detecting a short circuit. In this regard, the current/voltage sense circuits 854(1)- 854(6) can be configured to measure the voltage at each light string 206(1 )-206(6) at manufacture time as a baseline voltage. The measured baseline voltages for each light string 206(l)-206(6) can be stored in a voltage limit table in the NVM 562 and/or FRAM NVM 872. During operation, the controller circuit 524 can then read in the measured baseline voltages from the voltage limit table for each light string 206(l)-206(6) from NVM 562 and/or FRAM NVM 872 and set a threshold voltage value as a percentage change of such measured baseline voltages for detecting a short circuit. Thus, during normal operation of the UV light emission device 100, if the controller circuit 524 determines based on the sensed voltages for the light strings 206(1 )-206(6) by the respective current/voltage sense circuits 854(l)-854(6) that the sense voltages deviate beyond the threshold voltage levels calibrated for the respective light strings 206(l)-206(6), the controller circuit 524 can generate a short circuit error and inform the user through an error state as shown in Figure 9 for example and/or through the haptic feedback device 435.

[00123] Now that the exemplary mechanical, electrical, and optical features and components of the exemplary UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A-1C have been discussed, exemplary operational aspects of the UV light emission device 100 are now discussed in more detail with regard to Figure 9. Figure 9 is a diagram of the state machine that can be executed by the controller circuit 524 in the electrical control system 404 in Figure 5 and/or the electrical control system 804 in Figure 8 and implemented by other components that are not controlled by the controller circuit 524 to control the operation of the UV light emission device 100. In Figure 9, states are indicated under the “State” column and include “Power On,” “Power-On Self-Test (POST),” “MONITOR,” “RECOVERABLE ERROR,” “BATTERY LOW,” and “LATCHED ERROR” states. The “Power On,” “POST,” “MONITOR,” “RECOVERABLE ERROR,” and “BATTERY LOW” states also have sub-states. The conditions of the communication bus 549 inputs, the failsafe inputs, and the controller circuit 524 outputs are shown with their respective signal names and labels in reference to Figures 5 and 8 (for features that are provided by the additional components in Figure 8). A Ό’ indicates an error condition present for an input or a disable state for an output. A “L indicates no error condition for an input or an enable state for an output. An ‘X’ indicates a don’t care (i.e., no concern) condition. An “OK” condition indicates an ok status where no error condition is present. An “INIT” condition indicates that the device for the stated input is in an initialization phase. A “Control” condition for the fan 428 indicates that the controller circuit 524 is controlling the speed of the fan 428 through the fan control signal 542 according to the temperature from the temperature detect signals 560(l)-560(6). Note that for signals that are replicated for different light strings 206(l)-206(6) and light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6), any error in any of these signals is indicated as a Ό’ condition in the state machine.

[00124] With reference to Figure 9, when the primary switch 122 (Figure 1A-1C) of the UV light emission device 100 is activated by a user, the UV light emission device 100 is in a “Power On” state as indicated in the “State” column. The state of the trigger signal 535 of the secondary switch 120 (Trigger) is a don’t care condition (X). The power enable signal 533, the light enable signal 543, and fan control signal 542 are in a disable state automatically upon initialization as indicated by a Ό’ in the “Power On” state to disable the UV light source 102 and since the controller circuit 524 is not yet operational in the “Power On” state. The current sense signals 556(l)-556(2), the temperature detect signals 560(l)-560(6), and the accelerometer or orientation signal 548 are in an initialization (INIT) state for testing. The fail-safe inputs of power input signals 534(l)-534(3), the analog over-temperature signal 531, the watchdog reset signal 537, the force signal 547, and the timeout signal 843 are treated as don’t care situations (X) in the “Power On” state, because the latch reset signal 526 is initially set to a power unsafe state (logic state ‘ 1 ’) to disable the safety switch 512 from distributing the power signal 504 as shown in Figure 5 and 8. The power enable signal 533 is set to a power disable state (logic O’ ) to prevent distribution of the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) for operation in this state. The visual status indicator 143 will be pulsed between red, yellow, and green colors to indicate the “Power On” state visually to the user. The trigger signal 535 of the secondary switch 120 indicates a ‘G value in the +Trigger substate of the “Power On” state when the secondary switch 120 is engaged.

[00125] The controller circuit 524 will next transition to the “POST” state if the current sense signals 556(l)-556(2), the temperature sensor circuits 558(l)-558(6), and accelerometer or orientation signal 548 indicate a TEST_OK status meaning that their respective current sense circuits 554(l)-554(6), temperature detection circuits, and the IMU circuit 546 are detected as operational. The fan control signal 542 is controlled as indicated by the “Control” state to activate the fan 428 after the “Power On” state.

[00126] With continuing reference to Figure 9, in the “POST” state, the controller circuit 524 determines if the UV light emission device 100 has any errors or failures on the voltage rails 510(l)-510(3) or if the temperature exceeds a designed threshold temperature in the UV light source 102. The controller circuit 524 receives and analyzes the power input signals 534(l)-534(3) and the analog over-temperature signal 531. If the controller circuit 524 determines if the power input signals 534(l)-534(3) indicate the voltage rails 510(l)-510(3) have their expected voltages from the DC-DC regulator circuits 508(1 )-508(2) as indicated by a logic ‘1’ state and if the analog over temperature signal 531 generated by the temperature sensor circuit 536 indicates a temperature below the preset temperature threshold as indicated by the logic ‘1’ state, the controller circuit 524 enters a “Post-OK” sub-state of the “POST” state. The latch reset signal 526 is set to a power save condition (logic O’) to allow the power enable switch 530 to enable distribution of the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6). However, the power enable signal 533 is set to a power disable state (logic O’) to prevent distribution of the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6) for operation in this state. In the “Post-OK” sub-state, the visual status indicator 143 will be solid green in colors to indicate the “Post-OK” sub-state visually to the user that no errors have yet been detected, and the controller circuit 524 will enter the “MONITOR” state for normal operation. The controller circuit 524 activates the haptic motor driver 870 to activate the haptic feedback device 435 to the user if the user engages the secondary switch 120. [00127] However, if the controller circuit 524 determines if the power input signals 534(2)- 534(3) indicate the voltage rails 510(2)-510(3) have their expected voltages from the DC-DC regulator circuits 508(2)-508(3) as indicated by a logic ‘ state, and if the analog over-temperature signal 531 generated by the temperature sensor circuit 536 determines the power input signal 534(1) for voltage rail 510(1) is lower than expected in the “POST” state, this is an indication of the battery 142 having a low charge. In response, the controller circuit 524 enters the “Battery Low” sub-state of the “POST” state. In the “Battery low” sub-state of the “POST” state, the visual status indicator 143 will pulse in a pattern of off-red-red states to indicate the “Post OK” sub-state visually, thus indicating the low battery condition to the user. The latch reset signal 526 is still set to a power safe condition (logic O’) to allow the power enable switch 530 to enable distribution of the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) for operation. However, the power enable signal 533 is set to a power disable state (logic O’) to prevent distribution of the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) for operation in this state. The controller circuit 524 then enters the “BATTERY LOW” state and remains in this state until the UV light emission device 100 is powered down by switching off the primary switch 122 and repowering the UV light emission device 100 to start up in the “Power On” state. If the battery 142 is not changed or recharged, the UV light emission device 100 will enter the “BATTERY LOW” state again after power-up.

[00128] If in the “Post-OK” sub-state of the “POST” state, the controller circuit 524 determines that a power input signal 534(2)-534(3) indicates its voltage rail 510(2)-510(3) does not have the expected voltages from the DC-DC regulator circuits 508(2)-508(3), or the analog over temperature signal 531 generated by the temperature sensor circuit 536 is above its defined threshold limit, as indicated by the “ERROR” condition in the “Post error” rows in Figure 9, this is an indication of a failsafe error condition in which the UV light source 102 of the UV light emission device 100 should not be allowed to operate. In response, the power enable signal 533 is set to a power disable state (logic Ό’ ) to prevent distribution of the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) for operation in this state, and the controller circuit 524 enters a “LATCHED ERROR” state. The controller circuit 524 activates the haptic motor driver 870 to activate the haptic feedback device 435 to the user to indicate the error condition if the secondary switch 120 is engaged by the user as shown in the “error+trig” substate of the “POST” state. In the “LATCHED ERROR” state, the visual status indicator 143 will pulse in pattern of red-off-red states to indicate the “LATCHED ERROR” state. The controller circuit 524 remains in the “LATCHED ERROR” state until the UV light emission device 100 is powered down by switching off the primary switch 122 and repowering the UV light emission device 100 to start up in the “Power On” state. [00129] In the “MONITOR” state, the UV light emission device 100 is ready to be operational to distribute power to the UV light source 102 to emit the UV light 104. This is shown in the “Monitor (ready)” sub-state in Figure 8, where all signals indicate no error conditions, except that the trigger signal 535 of the secondary switch 120 (Trigger) indicates that the secondary switch 120 is not engaged by a user. Thus, the controller circuit 524 still sets the power enable signal 533 to a power disable state (logic O’) to prevent distribution of the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) for operation in this state. The latch reset signal 526 was previously latched in a power safe condition (logic O’) to allow the power enable switch 530 to enable distribution of the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) for operation once the power enable signal 533 is set to a power enable state (logic ‘1’). In the “Monitor (ready)” sub-state of the “MONITOR” state, the visual status indicator 143 will be generated in a pattern of solid green in color to indicate the “ready” sub-state visually to the user.

[00130] Once the trigger signal 535 of the secondary switch 120 (Trigger) indicates that the secondary switch 120 is engaged by a user, the controller circuit 524 enters the “Monitor (trigger + OK)” sub-state of the “MONITOR” state. The power enable signal 533 is set to a power enable state (logic ‘ 1 ’) to enable the safety switch 512 to distribute the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) for operation. The light enable signal 543 is also set to a power enable state (logic ‘1’) to allow the power enable switch 530 to distribute the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6) for operation in this state. In the “Monitor (trigger + OK)” sub-state of the “MONITOR” state, the visual status indicator 143 will be generated in a pattern of solid green in color to visually indicate the operation “ok” status to the user. The UV light emission device 100 will remain in the “MONITOR” state in the “Monitor (trigger + OK)” sub-state or the “Monitor (ready”) sub-state until an error occurs or until the UV light emission device 100 is turned off by the primary switch 122.

[00131] The UV light emission device 100 will go into the “MONITOR” state in the “Monitor (trigger + OK + timeout)” sub-state if the UV light emission device 100 has been activated by the secondary switch 120 for too long such that a time out has occurred. In the “Battery low” sub- state of the “POST” state, the visual status indicator 143 will pulse in a pattern of yellow, yellow, off states in this example to indicate to the user to release the secondary switch 120. The controller circuit 524 activates the haptic motor driver 870 to activate the haptic feedback device 435 to the user if the user engages the secondary switch 120.

[00132] In the “MONITOR” state, if the controller circuit 524 detects through a timer circuit 841 that the secondary switch 120 has been engaged continuously for more than a defined period of time (e.g., 5 minutes), the controller circuit 524 will enter the “Monitor (trigger + OK + ON- Time)” sub-state. For example, this may be an indication that the secondary switch 120 is being engaged accidentally without an intent by a user to engage, or it may be desired to only allow emission of UV light 104 for a defined period of time without a further disengagement and reengagement of the secondary switch 120 to prevent battery run down. The power enable signal 533 is set to a power disable state (logic ‘ 1 ’) to disable the safety switch 512 to halt distribution of the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) for operation. The light enable signal 543 is also set to a power disable state (logic ‘1’) to disable the power enable switch 530 distributing the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6). The controller circuit 524 will go to the “MONITOR (ready)” sub-state, which will then require a release of the secondary switch 120 and a reengagement of the secondary switch 120 to enter into the “RECOVERABLE ERROR” state to be able to recover once the secondary switch 120 is released and activated again to reactivate the UV light source 102.

[00133] In the “MONITOR” state, if the accelerometer or orientation signal 548 generated by the IMU circuit 546 indicates an acceleration or tilt condition that is outside the programmed operational range of the UV light emission device 100, the controller circuit 524 will enter the “Monitor (trigger + tilt)” sub-state. The power enable signal 533 is set to a power disable state (logic ‘1’) to disable the safety switch 512 to halt distribution of the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) for operation. The light enable signal 543 is also set to a power disable state (logic ‘1’) to disable the power enable switch 530 distributing the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6). The visual status indicator 143 will be generated in a pattern of green-off-green color to indicate the operation “ok” status, but tilt orientation visually to indicate to the user. The controller circuit 524 then goes into the “RECOVERABLE ERROR” state either in the “RECOVERABLE ERROR (trigger)” sub-state (if the secondary switch 120 is engaged) or “RECOVERABLE ERROR (trigger released)” sub-state (when the secondary switch 120 is released). The controller circuit 524 will go to the “RECOVERABLE ERROR (trigger released)” sub-state once the secondary switch 120 is released and no other errors are present. The visual status indicator 143 is also caused to emit a mostly yellow color state followed by a short off state in this example to signify the recoverable error to the user in the “RECOVERABLE ERROR” state. The controller circuit 524 will go to the “MONITOR (ready)” sub-state thereafter if no other errors are present to allow the user to reengage the secondary switch 120 to cause the UV light 104 to be emitted as discussed for this sub-state as discussed above.

[00134] Also, while in the “MONITOR” state, if the controller circuit 524 determines that the power input signal 534(1) for voltage rail 510(1) is lower than expected in the “POST” state, this is an indication of the battery 142 having a low charge. In response, the controller circuit 524 enters the “Monitor (battery low + OK)” sub-state of the “MONITOR” state. The power enable signal 533 is set to a power disable state (logic ‘1’) to disable the safety switch 512 to halt distribution of the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) for operation. The light enable signal 543 is also set to a power disable state (logic ‘G) to disable the power enable switch 530 distributing the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6). The visual status indicator 143 will be generated in a pattern of off-off-red in color to indicate to the user that the battery is low. The controller circuit 524 activates the haptic motor driver 870 to activate the haptic feedback device 435 to the user if the user is engaging the secondary switch 120 in the “battery low + OK + Trig” substate of the “MONITOR” state. The controller circuit 524 then goes into the “BATTERY LOW” state and will remain in the “BATTERY LOW” state until the UV light emission device 100 is turned off by primary switch 122 and repowered to go back into the “Power On” state. If the battery 142 is not changed, the UV light emission device 100 will enter the “BATTERY LOW” state again after powering up. The visual status indicator 143 is also caused to emit a mostly off state followed by a short red color emission in this example to signify the battery low error to the user in the “BATTERY LOW” state.

[00135] Also, while in the “MONITOR” state, if the controller circuit 524 determines that any other error has occurred based on the failsafe inputs or the communication bus 549 inputs as previously described in regard to Figure 5 or 8, the controller circuit 524 enters the “Monitor (error or Dropped)” sub-state of the “MONITOR” state. The power enable signal 533 is set to a power disable state (logic ‘ 1 ’ ) to disable the safety switch 512 to halt distribution of the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) for operation. The light enable signal 543 is also set to a power disable state (logic ‘ 1 ’ ) to disable the power enable switch 530 distributing the power signal 504 to the light driver circuits 400(l)-400(6). The visual status indicator 143 will be generated in a pattern of red- off-red in color to indicate the operation “ok” status, to indicate to the user that the battery is low. The controller circuit 524 activates the haptic motor driver 870 to activate the haptic feedback device 435 to the user if the user is engaging the secondary switch 120 in the “error or Dropped + Trig” substate of the “MONITOR” state.

[00136] The controller circuit 524 will go into the “LATCHED ERROR” state and will remain in the “LATCHED ERROR” state until the UV light emission device 100 is turned off by primary switch 122 and repowered to go back into the “Power On” state. A power cycle is required in this example to reset the UV light emission device 100 for the UV light source 102 to be able to be operational again. The visual status indicator 143 is also caused to emit three (3) rapid red color states followed by three (3) slow flashing red color states in this example to signify the latched error to the user in the “LATCHED ERROR” state.

[00137] Figure 10 illustrates the illumination modes of the visual status indicator 143 by the controller circuit 524 in Figures 4 and 8 for normal operating states of “POWER ON,” “POST,” and “MONITOR” in Figure 9. Figure 10 also illustrates the illumination modes of the visual status indicator 143 by the controller circuit 524 in Figures 5 and 8 for error operating states of “TILT ERROR, “BATTERY LOW,” and “LATCHED ERROR” in Figure 9. Figure 10 illustrates the illumination modes of the visual status indicator 143 by the controller circuit 524 in Figures 4 and 8 to be able to indicate the software revision number of the software executed by the controller circuit 524.

[00138] As discussed above, the electrical control system 404 in Figures 5 and 8 may include memory accessible to the controller circuit 524 to record conditions and history of events for the UV light emission device 100. For example, the controller circuit 524 may include the NVM 562 on- chip and FRAM NVM 872 (Figure 8) that can be used to record data that can later be accessed. As shown in Figure 8, in this example, the controller circuit 524 is configured to update counters in the NVM 562 for a defined number of events. These events are a drop of the UV light emission device 100 as indicated by the acceleration signal 547, tilt of the UV light emission device 100 as indicated by the accelerometer or orientation signal 548, current sense errors as indicated by the current sense circuits 554(l)-554(6), power supply errors as indicated by the power input signals 534(l)-534(3), communication bus 549 errors, power enable errors as indicated by the power enable signal 533 being generated in a power disable state, temperature errors as indicated by the temperature detect signals 560(l)-560(6), the recoverable errors as indicated by the accelerometer or orientation signal 548, and total accumulated minutes of use. Figure 8 shows this data that can be recorded by the controller circuit 524 in the NVM 562 and the byte format of such. This recorded data can be accessed through a communication port provided to the controller circuit 524 and can be accessed by an external device via a coupling to the communication port. The NVM 562 can also include a circular buffer that is used to record error codes that are generated by the controller circuit 524 based on detected errors.

[00139] Now that exemplary components and states of the UV light emission device 100 have been described, exemplary hardware circuits and processes for the operation of the UV light emission device 100 that can include the electronic control system 404 in Figure 5 or the electronic control system 804 in Figure 8, for example, will now be described below.

[00140] Figure 11 is a diagram illustrating the IMU circuit 546 operation in the UV light emission device in the electronic control systems 404, 804 in Figures 5 and 8. An IMU integrated circuit (IC) 1100 in the IMU circuit 546 is initialized by the controller circuit 524 through an IMU interface module 1102 coupled to the communications bus 549 with programming in the power-on state with the threshold force to be detected for drop detection of the UV light emission device 100. The IMU IC 1100 is configured to issue an interrupt 1104 in response to detecting a g-force exceeding the threshold force. In response to the interrupt 1104, the detect latch 522 is enabled to disable the light emission from the UV light source 102 of the UV light emission device 100 as previously described. The interrupt 1104 is also communicated to the controller circuit 524 through an IMU interface module 1102 coupled to the communication bus 549. The controller circuit 524 can react in response to the interrupt 1200 based on the operational state in Figure 9.

[00141] Figure 12 is a diagram illustrating the haptic motor driver 870 and haptic feedback device 435 in the UV light emission device 100 in the electronic control systems in Figures 5 and 8. A haptic integrated circuit (IC) 1200 in the haptic motor driver 870 controls the haptic feedback device 435. The haptic IC 1200 is coupled to a haptic interface module 1202 to communicate commands from the controller circuit 524 to the haptic motor driver 870 to control the haptic feedback device 435. As discussed in the operational state in Figure 9, the controller circuit 524 is configured to activate the haptic motor driver 870 in response to tilt detection or another error state.

[00142] The controller circuit 524 in the electronic control systems 404, 804 in Figure 5 and Figure 8 can also be configured to dynamically adjust the power in the current signals 550(1)- 550(6) overtime to compensate for the loss in optical performance of the UV LEDs 110 in the light strings 206(1 )-206() in the UV light source. For example, Figure 13 A illustrates a graph that shows an exemplary power output of UV LEDs 110 from an initial time to to a designated time tx (e.g., 5000 hours of operation) for a given fixed amount of current in current signals 550(l)-550(6). As shown in the curve 1300 in Figure 13A, the power output of UV LEDs 110 degrades over time even though the current level in current signals 550(l)-550(6) remains the same. For example, the output power of a UV LED 110 at time tO for a given current level may be 14.5 mW/m ² , but the output power of a UV LED 110 may degrade to 12 mW/m ² at time tx. It may be desired for the output power of the UV LEDs 110 to not degrade over time.

[00143] Thus, in an example, the controller circuit 524 may be configured to cause the LED driver circuits 400(1 )-406(6) in the UV light source 102 to increasing generate a higher level of current in current signals 550(l)-550(2) over time as the output power of the UV LEDs 110 is known to degrade. In this regard, Figure 13B illustrates a diagram of the controller circuit 524 operation to compensate for the degradation in output power of the UV LEDs 110 over time. In this regard, at power-on of the UV light emission device 100 and as part of the boot-up operation of the controller circuit 524, the controller circuit 524 executes a LED derate engine 1302 that loads in a LED derate table circuit 1304 from NVM 562 and/or the FRAM NVM 872. The values in LED derate table circuit 1304 can be checked for a parity error checking function 1306. The LED derate table 1304 defines values to allow the controller circuit 524 to predict the light intensity degradation of the UV LEDs 110 over an accumulated usage time. For example, the LED derate table circuit 1304 can be based on empirical data programmed into a look-up table as LED derate values or a formula representing a function for calculated expected light intensity as a function of accumulated usage time. The LED derate table circuit 1304 is used by the controller circuit 524 to set the current level for the LED driver circuits 406(l)-406(6) to generate in the current signals 550(l)-550(6). When the controller circuit 524 enters into a state 1308, as shown in Figure 13C, in response to the activation of the secondary switch 120 such that the LED driver circuits 406(1)- 406(6) are enabled to cause the UV LEDs 110 to emit UV light 104, the controller circuit 524 can consult the LED derate table circuit 1304 to obtain LED derate values based on the accumulated UV LED 110 usage to set the current level for the LED driver circuits 406(l)-406(6) to generate in the current signals 550(l)-550(6). [00144] In one example, the current level of the current signals 550(l)-550(6) can be monitored and controlled based on the sensed current signals 556(l)-556(6) by the current voltage sense circuits 854(l)-854(6). In another example, the controller circuit 524 can configure the LED driver circuits 406( 1 )-406(6) to adjust the average current of the current signals 550( 1 )-550(6) in an open-loop control based on controlling the duty cycle of pulse- width modulated (PWM) of the current signals 550(l)-550(6). If a digital current potentiometer is used to control the current levels of the current signals 550(l)-550(6), the digital current potentiometer can be adjusted for the new current level according to the LED derate table circuit 1304. If PWM is used to control the average current of the current signals 550(l)-550(6), the LED driver circuits 406(1)-406(1) can be controlled to generate the desired average current of current signals 550(l)-550(6), by the controller circuit 524 enabling and disabling the power signal 504 as a PWM signal 1312 according to the determined duty cycle based on the LED derate table circuit 1304.

[00145] Figure 14 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary overall control process 1400 for controlling the overall operation of the UV emission device 100 in Figures 1A-1C as controlled by the controller circuit 524 in Figures 5 and 8. The process 1400 in Figure 14 is executed by the controller circuit 524 when powered up/on and booted up in response to the primary switch 122 being activated. As shown in Figure 14, the controller circuit 524 executes a system start-up process for the power-on and POST states in the operational state in Figure 9. The exemplary system start-up process 1500 is shown in Figure 15 and described below. After the system start- up process 1500, the controller circuit 524 executes a process 1600 in Figure 16, described below, to wait for the secondary switch 120 to be activated by the user before entering an output active process 1700 in Figure 17, described below in the MONITOR state discussed in Figure 9. The controller circuit 524 remains ready and/or in an operational state in the MONITOR state with the UV light source 102 activated subject to activation of the secondary switch 120 until an error occurs or the UV light emission device 100 is powered down by deactivation of the primary switch 122. If an error is detected in the processes 1500-1800, the controller circuit 524 enters into an error state 1402 as discussed in the operational state in Figure 9 and then waits until the UV light emission device 100 is reactivated according to the error state. The controller circuit 524 is configured to perform a tilt reaction process 1800 in Figure 18, discussed below, in response to detection of a tilt beyond a tilt threshold or force beyond a force threshold of the UV light emission device 100 from the MONITOR state in process 1700. If tilt or force error occurs, the UV light source 102 is disabled the controller circuit 524 waits for the secondary switch 120 to be released in process 1900 in Figure 19, discussed below. The UV light source 102 is reactivated by the controller circuit 524 in response to the secondary switch 120 being reactivated. [00146] Figure 15 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process 1500 for power-on and power-on self-test (POST) states in the overall control process in Figure 14.

[00147] Figure 16A is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process 1600 for a power-on and POST of the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A-1C that can be performed by the controller circuit 524 in Figures 5 and 8. When the primary switch 122 is turned on, power is applied to the electronic control system 404, 804, and its controller circuit 524 in the power-on state, as previously discussed in Figure 9. The controller circuit 404, 804 then goes to the POST state, as discussed in Figure 9, to initialize the UV light emission device 100. In the power-on state, the communication bus 549, the controller circuit 524, the fan controller 544, and light driver PCB 402, 403 are powered on (block 1602 in Figure 16A). The controller circuit 404, 804 programs and checks the haptic motor driver 870 via the communication bus 549 (block 1604 in Figure 16A). If an error occurs, the controller circuit 404, 804 sets an error state in a status bit designated for the haptic motor driver 870 in the NVM 562 and/or FRAM 872 and handles the error condition according to the operational state in Figure 9 (block 1606 in Figure 16A). The controller circuit 404, 804 checks the current sense signals 556(l)-556(2) to determine if current is flowing to the light driver PCB 402, 403 (block 1608 in Figure 16A). If an error occurs, the controller circuit 404, 804 sets an error state in a status bit designated for the current sense in the NVM 562 and/or FRAM 872 and handles the error condition according to the operational state in Figure 9 (block 1606 in Figure 16A). The controller circuit 404, 804 checks the analog over temperature signal 531 for the temperature sensor 536 (block 1610 in Figure 16A). If an error occurs, the controller circuit 404, 804 sets an error state in a status bit designated for the temperature sense in the NVM 562 and/or FRAM 872 and handles the error condition according to the operational state in Figure 9 (block 1606 in Figure 16A). The controller circuit 404, 804 checks the FRAM 872 to determine if it is operational by writing and reading a bit to the FRAM 872 and verifying (block 1612 in Figure 16A). If an error occurs, the controller circuit 404, 804 sets an error state in a status bit designated for the FRAM 872 in the NVM 562 and handles the error condition according to the operational state in Figure 9 (block 1606 in Figure 16A). The controller circuit 404, 804 checks the IMU circuit 546 to determine if it is operational (block 1614 in Figure 16A). If an error occurs, the controller circuit 404, 804 sets an error state in a status bit designated for the IMU circuit 546 in the NVM 562 and/or FRAM 872 and handles the error condition according to the operational states in Figure 9 (block 1606 in Figure 16A). The controller circuit 404, 804 loads the LED derate table circuit (described in more detail below) into the NVM 562 and/or FRAM 872 (block 1616 in Figure 16A). If an error occurs, the controller circuit 404, 804 sets an error state in a status bit designated for the LED derate table circuit in the NVM 562 and/or FRAM 872 and handles the error condition according to the operational states in Figure 9 (block 1606 in Figure 16A). [00148] Thereafter, the controller circuit 404, 804 determines if the user has depressed the secondary switch 120 (block 1618 in Figure 16B). The controller circuit 404, 804 is configured to display the software revision number through a sequence of the visual status indicator 143, as shown in Figure 10 in this example, if the user depressed the secondary switch 120 at power-on (block 1620 in Figure 16B). If the user has not depressed the secondary switch 120, the controller circuit 404, 804 initiates a LED sequence test for the UV LEDs 160 and visible light indicator 208(1)- 208(4) (block 1622 in Figure 16B). The controller circuit 404, 804 then does a fan 428 self-test by turning on and off the fan 428 via the fan controller 544 (block 1624 in Figure 16B). The controller circuit 404, 804 then enters a loop (block 1626 in Figure 16B) where it is determined if a timer for the fan-self test has expired based on whether the tachometer feedback signal 873 indicates rotation of the fan 428 within the timeout period (block 1628 in Figure 16B). If the fan 428 is operational, the controller circuit 404, 804 turns off the fan 428 and verifies the revolutions per minute (RPM) of the fan 428 according to the RPM setting to the fan controller 544 and the RPMs detected from the tachometer feedback signal 873 (block 1630 in Figure 16B). If an error is detected, the controller circuit 404, 804 sets an error state in a status bit designated for the fan 428 in the NVM 562 and/or FRAM 872 and handles the error condition according to the operational state in Figure 9 (block 1606 in Figure 16A). Otherwise, the controller circuit 404, 804 proceeds to the MONITOR state in Figure 9 for normal operation (block 1632 in Figure 16B).

[00149] Figure 17 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process 1700 for operation of the UV light emission device 100 while waiting for the secondary switch 120 of the UV light emission device 100 to be activated by the user to start operation. In this regard, while the secondary switch 120 of the UV light emission device 100 is not activated (block 1702 in Figure 17), the controller circuit 524 performs a series of checks and evaluations. The controller circuit 524 determines if the battery 142 voltage is above a defined voltage threshold (block 1704 in Figure 7). The controller circuit 524 determines if the fan controller 544 is operational to control the fan 428 (block 1706 in Figure 7). The controller circuit 524 determines if the UV light emission device 100 has been tilted beyond the programmed tilt orientation based on the accelerometer or orientation signal 548 or if it has been dropped according to the force signal 547 (block 1708 in Figure 7). The controller circuit 524 writes any errors detected to a status register in the NVM 562 or FRAM NVM 872 to log the error (block 1710 in Figure 7). If any errors were detected (block 1712 in Figure 7), the controller circuit 524 enters into an error state and performs the process 2100 in Figure 21, discussed below. If not, the controller circuit 524 continues to perform the checks in blocks 1704-1712 until the secondary switch 120 is activated. If no errors are detected and the secondary switch 120 is activated (block 1702 in Figure 17), the controller circuit 524 executes a process 1800 for an operational state in Figure 18. In this example, if the controller circuit 524 detects that the secondary switch 120 was activated twice, the tilt detection feature is disabled in the controller circuit 524 (block 1714 in Figure 7).

[00150] Figure 18 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process 1800 for an operational state of the UV light emission device 100 in response to the secondary switch 120 of the UV light emission device 100 being activated in the process 1700 in Figure 17 (block 1802 in Figure 18). In response to detection of activation of the secondary switch 120, the controller circuit 524 performs a series of evaluations (block 1805 in Figure 18) to check for errors according to the operational states in Figure 9. If an error is detected (block 1806 in Figure 8), the controller circuit 524 enters into an error state and performs the process 2100 in Figure 21, discussed below. If an error is not detected and a tilt outside a threshold tilt range is not detected (block 1808 in Figure 8), the controller circuit 524 increments a runtime counter (block 1810 in Figure 8) and determines if the secondary switch 120 has been engaged for more than a predetermined amount of time (e.g., 5 minutes) (block 1812 in Figure 8). If so, the controller circuit 524 disables the LED driver circuits 406(l)-406(6) (block 1814 in Figure 8) and goes back to block 1802 to check to wait for reactivation of the secondary switch 120. This is to ensure that the LED driver circuits 406(1)- 406(6) are not continuously activated for more than a defined period of time. If the secondary switch 120 has not been engaged for more than a predetermined amount of time (block 1812 in Figure 18), the controller circuit 524 looks up a LED derate value in the LED derate table circuit 1304 to controlling the current of the current signals 550(l)-550(6) generated by the LED driver circuits 406(l)-406(6) to the light strings 206(l)-206(6) of the UV light source (block 1814 in Figure 18). The controller circuit 524 activates the fan controller 544 to activate the fan 428 (block 1816 inFigure 18). The controller circuit 524 then activates the LED driver circuits 406(l)-406(6) to cause the current signals 550(l)-550(6) to be generated by the LED driver circuits 406(l)-406(6) to the light strings 206(1 )-206(6) at a current level controlled based on the read LED derate value from the LED derate table circuit 1304 in block 1816. The controller circuit 524 then determines if the secondary switch 120 will continue to be activated, and if not, disables the LED driver circuits 406(l)-406(6) until the secondary switch 120 is reactivated (block 1802 in Figure 18).

[00151] Figure 19 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary tilt reaction process 1900 in response to a detected tilt of the UV light emission device 100. The process 1900 in Figure 19 can be executed in response to a tilt detection in the overall operation process 1400 in Figure 14. With reference to Figure 19, in response to the controller circuit 524 detecting a tilt, the controller circuit 524 deactivates the LED driver circuits 406(1 )-406(6) of the UV light source 102 (block 1902 in Figure 19). The controller circuit 524 then sets the visual status indicator 143 to a fast flashing green color state as also set forth in the operational state in Figure 9 (block 1904 in Figure 19). The controller circuit 524 then activates the haptic feedback device 435 to signify the error condition through physical feedback to the user (block 1906 in Figure 19). The controller circuit 524 then saves the error condition to the status register in the NVM 562 and/or the FRAM NVM 872 (block 1906 in Figure 19) and goes a wait for secondary switch 120 release and re-activation process 200 in Figure 20. This is because for a tilt error, the controller circuit 524 is configured to allow the LED light drivers 406(l)-406(6) 100 to be reactivated to activate the light strings 206(1)- 206(6) when the secondary switch 120 release and re-activated.

[00152] Figure 20 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process 2000 of waiting for the secondary switch 120 of the UV light emission device 100 to be released. The process 200 includes the controller circuit 524 detecting when the secondary switch 120 has been deactivated (block 2002 in Figure 20). When the controller circuit 524 detects the secondary switch 120 has been deactivated, the controller circuit 524 sets the visual status indicator 143 to a sold, steady green color state as shown in the state diagram in Figure 19 (block 2004 in Figure 20), and goes back to the wait for secondary switch 120 to be activated process 1700 in Figure 17.

[00153] Figure 21 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process 2100 of handling error detection in the UV light emission device 100. When an error is detected, the controller circuit 524 disables the LED driver circuits 406(l)-406(6) so that light is not emitted from the UV LEDs 110 and visible lights 208(l)-208(4) in the UV light source 102 (block 2102 in Figure 21). The controller circuit 524 then determines if the error detected is a battery 142 low error (block 2104 in Figure 21). If so, the controller circuit 524 enters the BATTERY LOW state as discussed in Figure 9 (block 2106 in Figure 19) and sets the visual status indicator 143 to a slow red flashing state (block 2108 in Figure 19). The controller circuit 524 then logs the battery 142 low error in the status register in the NVM 562 and/or the FRAM NVM 872 (block 2110 in Figure 19). The controller circuit 524 then activates the haptic feedback device 435 (block 2112 in Figure 19). If the error is other than a battery 142 low error (block 2112 in Figure 19), the controller circuit 524 sets the visual status indicator 143 to a three (3) short and three (3) long red flashing state (block 2114 in Figure 19), then logs the error in the status register in the NVM 562 and/or the FRAM NVM 872 (block 2110). The controller circuit 524 then waits until the UV light emission device 100 is reactivated to recover from the error, which may require the secondary switch 120 to be reactivated and/or a power cycle by deactivating and reactivating the primary switch 122.

[00154] Figure 22A-22C is a diagram of an exemplary status register 2200 that can be programmed and access in the NVM 562 and/or the FRAM NVM 872 to detect programming and register history information, including errors, for the UV light emission device 100. The status register 2200 is indexable by an address 2202, as shown in Figures 22A-22C. At each address 2202, the status register 2200 contains a block (e.g., a byte, word, etc.) of memory space to allow a status to be written. The memory space at each address 2202 is dedicated to a specific type of data, as shown in the written description column 2204 in Figures 22A-22C.

[00155] UV light sources other than the UV LEDs 110 described above can also be employed in the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A-1C to emit the UV light 104. In this regard, Figure 23 is a diagram of an alternative UV light source in the form of a planar excimer UV lamp 2300 that can be employed in the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A-1C. For example, the excimer UV lamp 2300 could be a Krypton-containing or Krypton-Chlorine (KrCl) light source with a peak emission at 222 nm wavelength as an example. For example, the excimer UV lamp 2300 could be the high-power ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lamps with micro-cavity plasma arrays disclosed in U.S. Patent Application No. 2019/0214244 A1 incorporated herein by references in its entirety. Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of an alternative electrical control system 2404 that can be employed in the UV light emission device in Figures 1A-1C employing the excimer UV lamp 2300 in Figure 23. Common elements between the electrical control system 404 in Figure 10 and the electrical control system 404 in Figure 5 are shown with common element numbers between Figures 5 and 24 and will not be re-described. [00156] As shown in Figure 24, the power signal 504 distributed by the power enable switch 530 is coupled to a ballast 2400. The ballast 2400 is configured to generate a voltage signal 2450(1) to power the excimer UV lamp 900. The ballast 2400 is mounted to PCB 2401. The ballast 2400 also includes a LED light driver 2402 to generate a current signal 2410 to the visible light indicators 423 that emit light into the visible light ring 148. The ballast 2400 also includes a LED light driver 2412 to generate a current signal 2414 to the visible lights 208(l)-208(4) that provide a visible light source indicating when the UV light 244 is being emitted from the excimer UV lamp 900. A current sense circuit 2454 is also provided on the PCB 2401 and is configured to sense the current signals 2410, 2414 and voltage signals 2450(l)-2450(3) generated by the ballast 2400 and its LED light drivers 2402, 242412 to detect error conditions similar to the detection of the current signals 550(l)-550(6) in the electrical control system 404 in Figure 5. The current sense circuit 2454 is configured to generate a current sense signal 2456 on the communication bus 549 to indicate to the controller circuit 524 if an error condition is present in the current signals 2410, 2414 and respective voltage signals 2450(l)-2450(3) such that the ballast 2400 or the LED light drivers 2402, 2412 are malfunctioning or not operating properly. Note that the electronic control system 804 in Figure 8 could also include the planar excimer UV lamp 2300.

[00157] Figures 25A and 25B are schematic diagrams of an alternative UV light emission device 2500 similar to the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A-1C, but that allows air to be drawn into the light source housing 202 and across the UV light source 102 to expose the drawn-in air to the UV light emission. Figure 25A is a close-up, side, cross-sectional view of the light source head 106 of the UV light emission device 2500. Figure 25B is a bottom view of the UV light source 102 of the UV light emission device 2500 in Figure 25A. Common elements between the UV light emission device 2500 in Figures 25A and 25B and the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 4B and 2, respectively, are shown with common element numbers and not re-described.

[00158] With reference to Figure 25A, the UV light emission device 2500 includes a light source head 106 that includes a light source housing 202 that is attached to the light source housing cover 204 to secure the UV light source 102. The fan 428 is mounted inside the light source head 106 to draw heat away from the light source PCB 422 for the UV light source 102 and to direct such heat through the vent openings 114 in the rear 117 of the light source housing 202 for heat dissipation. However, as shown in Figure 25B, the light source shield 108 includes openings 2502. The heat sink 426 is removed or rearranged so that there is fluid communication between the fan 428 and the openings 2502. Thus, when the fan 428 draws air from the UV light source 102, the suction generated by the fan 428 also draws air through the openings 2502 and past the UV light source 102 to decontaminate the drawn-in air. The air is then exposed on the opposite side of the fan 428 through the vent openings 114 in the rear 117 of the light source housing 202. The vent openings 114 on the sides of the light source housing 202 may be present or may be removed fully or partially to cause the drawn-in air to pass across the UV light source 102. Alternatively, as discussed above, the fan 428 mounted inside the light source head 106 above the heat sink 426 could pull air through the openings 114 in the rear 117 of the light source head 106, exhausting such air through the openings 114 in the side 116 to carry heat generated from the light source PCB 422 for the UV light source 102 away from the UV light source 102.

[00159] Figure 25B also illustrates an alternative light source housing 202 that has UV LEDs 110 in different sized parabolic reflectors 424(1), 424(2). These larger and smaller parabolic reflectors 424(1), 424(2) cause the UV light emitted by the UV LEDs 110 to be reflected and shaped differently to provide narrower and broader UV beam angles, respectively. Providing the smaller parabolic reflectors 424(2) to provide a broader UV beam angle of UV light emitted by the UV LEDs 110 may provide a more uniform UV light emission on a target of interest. Providing the larger parabolic reflectors 424(1) to provide a narrower UV beam angle of UV light to be emitted by the UV LEDs 110 may contain the emitted UV light within a desired target area on a target of interest, such as the 4” x 4” target surface.

[00160] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of an alternative UV light emission system 2600 that includes the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A-1C but provides the battery 142 as integrated with the base 124 to allow more portability. The UV light emission system 2600 can still be connected to a power source as an AC-to-DC converter 2602 for wall outlet power and for battery 142 charging. Also, the electrical leads 2604 are exposed from the base housing 126 to allow the UV light emission device 100 to be placed in a docking station or cradle for charging, data transmission, and/or secure storage. The electrical leads 2604 include leads for power and ground, but also include leads that can be electrically coupled to the USB port 264, the communication bus 549 or other interface of the electrical control systems 404, 804 in Figures 5 and 8, for example, to communicate with the UV light emission device 100 and to extract the data stored in the NVM 262. Alternatively, the battery 142 could be inductively charged through the base housing 126 without the need for electrical leads 2604. [00161] Other light sources for generating UV light not described above could also be employed in the UV light emission device 100, including a microplasma UV lamp, a laser UV light source, an OLED UV light source, and a chemiluminescence UV light source, as non-limiting examples. The circuit boards discussed herein may be clad with a metal such as aluminum for further heat dissipation.

[00162] The UV light emission device 100 can be configured so that the base housing 126 is compatible with a battery 142 is a v-mount battery in this example to standardize the mounting system, electrical connectors, and voltage output. This type of battery 142 can be found in power photography and videography equipment. The battery 142 provides a 14.4VDC nominal output and comes in a variety of capacities. Using a standard battery offers many benefits. For example, the battery 142 may be the IDX Duo-C150 (143Wh battery)

[00163] The depth of focus of the light emitted by the UV LEDs 110 in the UV light source 102 of the UV light emission device 100 determines the output power as a function of emission range. It may be desired to control depth of focus of the light emitted by the UV LEDs 110 to control the output power as a function of emission range so that a user could direct the UV light source 102 towards a given surface to expose that surface to the UV light 104 without the UV light source 102 actually having to come into contact with such surface. For example, Figure 27A is a diagram of depth of focus 2700 of UV light 2702 emitted from the UV LEDs 110 of the UV light source 102 of the UV light emission device 100 as a function of distance from the UV light source 102. As shown therein, as the UV light 2702 travels a further distance in the X-axis direction, the UV light spreads out a further distance in the Z-axis, thus causes a loss of intensity of the UV light 2702. For example, the depth of focus of the UV light 2702 is shown at distance D4, which is one (1) inch in this example, distance D5, which in three (3) inches in this example, and distance D ₆ , which is twelve (12) inches in this example. Thus, the intensity of the UV light 2702 emitted from the UV LED 110 on a surface of distance D ₆ away from the UV light source 102 will be less than the intensity of the UV light 2702 emitted from the UV LED 110 on a surface of distance D5 away from the UV light source 102. The intensity of the UV light 2702 emitted from the UV LED 110 on a surface of distance D5 away from the UV light source 102 will be less than the intensity of the UV light 2702 emitted from the UV

LED 110 on a surface of distance D4 away from the UV light source 102. Figure 27B is a diagram that illustrates the depth of focus 2704 of the UV light 2702 emitted from the UV LEDs 110 of the

UV light source 102 up to a much further distance D7, which may be 72 inches. Figure 28 illustrates a graph 2800 illustrating mean irradiance 2802 of the UV light source 102 in mW/cm ² as a function of distance in inches (in). As shown therein, the irradiance 2802 reduces substantially linearly to distance from 2 inches to 32 inches as an example. Thus, controlling the power of the UV lights 110 in the UV light source 102 is a way to control the irradiance to achieve the desired optical output power at a given distance of the UV light source 102 from a surface.

[00164] It was found that the visible light emitted from the visible lights 208(1 )-208(4) in the UV light source 102 can provide a visual feedback to a user directing the UV light source 102 toward a surface to emit UV light from the UV LEDs 110 towards that surface. The visible light from the visible lights 208(l)-208(4) appears on the surface that the UV light from the UV LEDs 110 is emitted, as shown in Figures 29A and 29B. As shown in Figures 29A and 29B, the UV light source 102 is placed above a surface 2900 at a greater distance in Figure 29B than in Figure 29A. Thus, the spotlights 2902(1 )-2902(4) formed on the surface 2900 from visible light emission from the visible lights 208(1 )-208(4) in Figure 29A have a smaller visible light beam spread of smaller diameter Ds than the visible light beam spread (diameter) of spotlights 2904(1 )-2904(4) formed on the surface 2900 from visible light emission from the visible lights 208(l)-208(4) in Figure 29B. Thus, if a correlation can be found between the visible light beam spread diameter and/or orientation of spotlights on a surface 2900 resulting from visible light being emitted by the visible lights 208(1)- 208(4) of the UV light source 102 and the desired power of the UV light at the surface for decontamination, the spotlights on a surface 2900 resulting from visible light being emitted by the visible lights 208(l)-208(4) of the UV light source 102 can be used as a visual indicator to a user of the UV light emission device 100 on the recommended distance to hold the UV light source 102 away from a surface to be decontaminated.

[00165] It was found by an example experimentation that for a distance of one ( 1 ) inch between the

UV light source 102 of the UV light emission device 100 and the surface 2900, the power of the UV light at the surface 2900 was 16.78 mW/cm ² . Figure 30A shows the visible light beam spread diameter of the spotlights 3000(1 )-3000(4) on a surface from the visible light emitted by the visible lights 208(l)-208(4) of the UV light source 102 when placed one (1) inch away from the surface.

As shown in Figure 30A, at a distance of one (1) inch, the spotlights 3000(1 )-3000(4) have a visible light beam spread diameter of Dio and are located a distance Du from each other. The distance Du is greater than 0, meaning there is a gap distance between adjacent spotlights 3000(1 )-3000(4). It was also found by experimentation that for a distance of 2.5 inches between the UV light source 102 and the surface 2900, the power of the UV light at the surface 2900 was 15.8 mW/cm ² . Figure 30B shows the visible light beam spread diameter of the spotlights 3002(1)- 3002(4) on a surface from the visible light emitted by the visible lights 208(l)-208(4) of the UV light source 102 when placed 2.5 inches away from the surface. As shown in Figure 30B, at a distance of 2.5 inches, the spotlights 3000(1 )-3000(4) have a visible light beam spread diameter of D 12 and are located a distance Di3 from each other of zero (0), meaning there is no gap distance and the spotlights 3002(1 )-3002(4) either barely touch, are extremely close, and touch each other or almost touch each other to the human visual eye. It was also found by experimentation that for a distance of 3.5 inches between the UV light source 102 and the surface 2900, the power of the UV light at the surface 2900 was 16.6 mW/cm ² . As shown in Figure 30C, at a distance of 3.5 inches, the spotlights 3004(1 )-3004(4) have a visible light beam spread diameter of D14 and are located a distance D15 from each in an overlapping manner, or a negative distance as compared to the spotlights 3000(1 )-300(4) in Figure 30A.

[00166] The visual feedback from spotlights formed on a surface as a result of the visible light emitted from the visible lights 208(1 )-208(4) not only provides an indication to the user that the UV light source 102 is activated and operational but also allows the user to instantly determine that they are holding the UV light source 102 of the UV light emission device 100 at the prescribed distance from the surface to achieve the desired light power of the UV light 104 emitted from the UV LEDs 110 on the surface. For instance, if the user is instructed to hold the UV light emission device 100 so that the spotlights formed on a surface as a result of the visible light emitted from the visible lights 208(1 )-208(4) are just touching each other as shown in Figure 30B, this can be used as an indirect instruction for the user to hold the UV light source 1022.5 inches from a surface of interest to achieve the desired UV light power and intensity at the surface of interest. As shown in Figures 29A and 29B, the visible light beam spread size (i.e., diameter) of the spotlights formed on a surface as a result of directing the UV light source of the UV light emission device 100 towards the surface and the visible lights 208(l)-208(4) emitting visible light may not be consistent. Variables such as ambient light and the angle of orientation of the UV light source 102 with respect to a surface of interest, and the topography of the surface, affect the formation of the spotlights on the surface of interest. Thus, this may cause a user to hold the UV light source 102 at a distance from a surface of interest that is not desired or ideal for the desired light power and intensity according to the depth of focus of the UV LEDs 110. In this regard, as shown in Figure 31, the spotlights 3100(l)-3100(4) emitted by the visible lights 208(l)-208(4) of the UV light source 102 can be manipulated to a desired pattern to provide a more easily discemable spotlight to a user. The pattern shown in Figure 31 is a rectangular- shaped pattern (e.g., a square-shaped pattern) that forms a rectangle when drawing imaginary lines between the center areas of the light beams on the target of interest from the visible light emitted by the visible lights 208(l)-208(4). The pattern can be any shape pattern depending on the number of visible lights 208 and the orientation of the visible lights 208 in the light source housing 202. In this example, the pattern shown in Figure 31 is polygonal- shaped (e.g., with four (4) sides). The pattern could be circular-shaped. Only one visible light 208 could be included with the circular-shaped cone of light on the target of interest from the visible light emitted by the visible light 208 is circular shaped. The distance between the visible light 208 and the target of interest affects the shape and diameter of the cone of light. In this example, the UV LEDs 110 are arranged in the light source housing 202 such that their emitted UV light is contained within the shaped pattern formed by drawing imaginary lines between the beams of light on the target of interest emitted by the visible lights 208(1 )-208(4) depending on the type of visible lights 208(1)- 208(4), their distance from the target of interest, and the type and shape of their reflectors 424. [00167] Figure 32 is a diagram of the mask 3200 placed on the UV light source 102 that includes patterned sections 3202(1 )-3202(4) to cause visible light emitted from the visible lights 208(1)- 208(4) on a surface to be patterned as shown in Figure 31. The visible light emitted from the visible lights 208(1 )-208(4) is emitted through the respective patterned sections 3202(1 )-3202(4) of the mask 3200. This may control the visible light beam spread of the visible light to be of a higher resolution to be more easily visible by a user and for a user to more easily visibly detect the perimeter of the visible light beam spread of the visible lights 208(l)-208(4). Figure 33 illustrates the mask 3200 in a closer view. For example, the mask 3200 can be formed from a laser cut think stainless steel sheet 3204 to be able to fit over the top the UV light source shield 108 as an example.

[00168] The use of the mask 3200 also affects the brightness of the visible light emitted by the visible lights 208(1 )-208(4). The patterned sections 3202(1 )-3202(4) can be designed to control the desired brightness of the visible light emitted by the visible lights 208(l)-208(4). This may be important to achieve a desired light intensity of UV light 104 emitted by the UV light source 102, that is not visible to the human eye, without causing the visible lights 208(1 )-208(4) to emit visible light at a brightness that is deemed too bright and/or undesirable for a user. As discussed above, certain light driver circuits 400(1 )-400(6) are configured to drive a current in the same light string 206(1)- 206(6) that has both UV LEDs 100 and a visible light 208(l)-208(4). Thus, the same amount of current drive to the UV LEDs 100 in such a light string 206(l)-206(6) is also driven to the visible light 208(l)-208(4) in the same light string 206(l)-206(6). It may not be possible or desired to drive less current to the visible light 208(l)-208(4), especially if LEDs, without affecting and/or shutting off the operation of the visible light 208(l)-208(4). There may be a threshold current (e.g., 250 mA) necessary to achieve an on state with visible LEDs. Thus, in this example, to drive the desired amount of current to the UV LEDs 110 to achieve the desired light intensity for efficacy, this amount of current driven to the visible light(s) 208(1 )-208(4) in the same light string 206(1 )-206(6) may be too bright. The visible lights 208(l)-208(4) may be more efficient than the UV LEDs 110 in terms of conversion of current to light power. Thus, by placing the patterned sections 3202(1 )- 3202(4) of the mask 3200 in the light path of the visible light(s) 208(1)- 208(4), the visible light emitted from the visible light(s) 208(l)-208(4) is attenuated or blocked. The patterned sections 3202(1 )-3202(4) of the mask 3200 may be arranged to block the center area of the light path of the visible light(s) 208(1 )-208(4) to block the more light intense areas of the visible light emitted by the visible light(s) 208(l)-208(4). Visible light emitted by the visible light(s) 208(l)-208(4) may leak around the solid portions of the patterned sections 3202(1)- 3202(4). Alternatively, a filter could be placed on the light source housing 202 to filter all light emitted from the visible lights 208(l)-208(4), but this attenuates the entire cone of light emitted from the visible lights 208(1)- 208(4). The patterned sections 3202(1 )-3202(4) of the mask 3200 allow the selective filtering of visible light emitted by the visible lights 208(1 )-208(4). It may also be desired to purposefully control the uniformity of the UV light emitted from the UV LEDs 110 to provide a uniform intensity of UV light 104 on a surface of interest from the UV light emission device 100. The design of the parabolic reflectors 424 of the UV light source 102, as shown in Figures 4A and 4B, affects the uniformity of the UV light 104 emitted from the UV LEDs 110 of the UV light source 102. In this regard, experiments were conducted to explore the uniformity of the intensity of UV light 104 at various distances from the parabolic reflectors 424 on a surface of interest. Figures 34A-34F illustrate various heat maps 3400A-3400F that show two-dimensional power distribution (distance in mm from center vs. W/m ² ) of UV light 104 emitted by the UV light source 102 across a 4” x 4” area at varying distances from the parabolic reflectors 424 at distances of 1 inch, 2 inches, 3 inches, 4 inches, 6 inches, and 12 inches, respectively. Light from a point source decreases as the square of the distance. A doubling of distance would cause the light power of the UV light 104 to decrease by a factor of 4. The parabolic reflectors 424 collimate the UV light 1 in the nearfield, which extends the range of usable distance. If the UV light 104 were not collimated, the output power of the UV light 104 at 2” would be 25% of the output power of UV light 104 at 1”. The average power of the UV light 104 in the heat map 3400A in Figure 34A was 143.58 W/m ² . The average power of the UV light 104 in the heat map 3400B in Figure 34B was 139.41 W/m ² . The average power of the UV light 104 in the heat map

3400C in Figure 34C was 129.56 W/m ² . The average power of the UV light 104 in the heat map

3400D in Figure 34D was 117.75 W/m ² . The average power of the UV light 104 in the heat map

3400E in Figure 34E was 99.08 W/m ² . The average power of the UV light 104 in the heat map

3400F in Figure 34F was 56.46 W/m ² .

[00169] The reflectivity of light off of various materials has long been characterized. Aluminum is known to have a high reflectivity compare to other metals, for example. For example, as shown in the graph 3500 in Figure 35, it is shown that not all metallic reflectors respond the same as the short wavelengths. The graph in Figure 35 plots reflectance vs. wavelength in nm for aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), gold (Au), and copper (Cu). Note that silver, gold, and copper have very low reflectance as the wavelength drops below 600nm. At a UV light of 270nm emitted from the UV light source 102 as an example, note that graph 3500 shows that only aluminum exhibits decent reflectivity at >90% at this wavelength. For this reason, reflectors made for lower wavelengths (220 - 300 nm) are often made from aluminum. Unfortunately, aluminum may also oxidize and quickly corrodes such that it will lose its reflective properties unless protected.

[00170] In this regard, in an example, the parabolic reflectors 424 in the UV light source 102 of the UV light emission device 100 may be coated with a thick protective coasting by adding a thin coat of S1O2 (glass) to the surface of parabolic reflectors 424. The parabolic reflectors 424 uses a planetary system and crucible to deposit aluminum onto a plastic substrate and then apply a thin coat of S1O2 (glass). In this fashion, reflectivity measurement of >70% at a UV light wavelength of 270 nm has been observed. For example, the protective coating could be formed on the parabolic reflectors 424 by electron beam deposition process (E-Beam). Source materials in the coating chamber can either be vaporized using heating or electron-beam bombardment of powder or granular dielectric or metallic substances. The subsequent vapor condenses upon the optical surfaces, and via precision computer control of heating, vacuum levels, substrate location, and rotation during the deposition process result in conformal optical coatings of pre-specified optical thicknesses. [00171] Figure 36 is a graph 3600 that shows percentage reflectance of the S1O2 (glass) 3602 as compared to other coatings 3604, 3606, 3608, 3610, 3612. Curve 3610 illustrates the reflectance of the plastic parabolic reflector 424 with no coating. Curve 3608 illustrates the reflectance of the parabolic reflector 424 coated with aluminum. Curves 3606, 3604 illustrate reflectances of the parabolic reflector 424 of other sample coatings. Curve 3602 illustrates the reflectance of the plastic parabolic reflector 424 with S1O2 (glass).

[00172] Figures 37A-37D illustrate an alternative UV light emission device 3700 similar to Figures 1A-1C but with a power connector 3702 and a mounting structure 3706 on the base housing 124. Common elements between the UV light emission device 3700 in Figures 37A-37D and the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A-1C are shown with common element numbers. The previous description of the UV light emission device 100 in Figures 1A-36 is applicable to theUV light emission device 3700. The power connector 3702 is a male connector used to connect the UV light emission device 3700 to a battery. A cable 132 is fitted with a female cable connector 3704 that can be secured to connector 3702. The power connector 3702 is connector made by Hirose Electric Co., part no. LF10WBP-4s(31), and the cable connector 3704 is also made by Hirose Electric Co., part LF10WBR-4P. Figures 37A-37D also illustrate a mounting structure 3706 that is fitted to the base housing 124. The mounting structure 3706 is a circular metal member that is configured to be received in a receiver in a belt clip 3800 shown in Figures 38A-38C to hold the support the base member 124 of the UV light emission device 3700 on a user’s belt clip.

[00173] In this regard, Figures 38A-38C are respective perspective, front and side views, respectively, of belt clip 3800 that is configured to receive the mounting structure 3706 on the base housing 124 of the UV light emission device 3700 in Figures 37A-37C to mount the UV light emission device 3700 to a user’s belt. As shown in Figure 38A-38C, the mounting structure 3706 includes a V-shaped receiver 3804 that is configured to receive and secure the mounting structure 3706. As shown in the side view of the belt clip 3800 in Figure 38C, the belt clip 3800 includes a front member 3808 and a back member 3806 attached to each other and disposed in substantially parallel planes with a slot 3110 formed therebetween to be able to receive a user’s belt. In this manner, the belt clip 3800 can be secured to a user’s belt. The mounting structure 3706 on the base housing 124 of the UV light emission device 3700 in Figures 37A-37C is received in the receiver 3804 wherein the handle 118 and light source housing 106 can rotate and swivel downward due to gravity such that the UV light emission device 3700 hangs down from the belt clip 3800 by the base member 124 and its mounting structure 3706 secured in the receiver 3804. The mounting structure 3706 being circular in shape allows it to easily rotate within the receiver 3804. The belt clip 3800 can also include orifices 3812 to be able to mount the belt clip 3800 to a wall or other surface to support the UV light emission device 3700 in different manners than on a user’s belt. [00174] The UV light emission devices and charging bases disclosed herein can include a computer system 3900, such as shown in Figure 39, to control the operation of a UV light emission device, including but not limited to the UV light emission devices disclosed herein. For example, the computer system 3900 may be the controller circuit 524 in the electrical control systems 404, 804, 1004 in Figures 5, 8, and 10. With reference to Figure 39, the computer system 3900 includes a set of instructions for causing the multi-operator radio node component(s) to provide its designed functionality and their circuits discussed above. The multi-operator radio node component(s) may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines in a LAN, an intranet, an extranet, or the Internet. The multi-operator radio node component(s) may operate in a client-server network environment or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. While only a single device is illustrated, the term “device” shall also be taken to include any collection of devices that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. The multi-operator radio node component(s) may be a circuit or circuits included in an electronic board card, such as a printed circuit board (PCB) as an example, a server, a personal computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a computing pad, a mobile device, or any other device, and may represent, for example, a server, edge computer, or a user’s computer. The exemplary computer system 3900 in this embodiment includes a processing circuit or processing device 3902, a main memory 3904 (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) such as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), etc.), and a static memory 3906 (e.g., flash memory, static random access memory (SRAM), etc.), which may communicate with each other via a data bus 3908. Alternatively, the processing device 3902 may be connected to the main memory 3904 and/or static memory 3906 directly or via some other means of connectivity. The processing device 3902 may be a controller, and the main memory 3904 or static memory 3906 may be any type of memory.

[00175] The processing device 3902 represents one or more general-purpose processing circuits such as a microprocessor, central processing unit, or the like. More particularly, the processing device 3902 may be a complex instruction set computing (CISC) microprocessor, a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) microprocessor, a very long instruction word (VLIW) microprocessor, a processor implementing other instruction sets, or processors implementing a combination of instruction sets. The processing device 3902 is configured to execute processing logic in instructions 3916 for performing the operations and steps discussed herein.

[00176] The computer system 3900 may further include a network interface device 3910. The computer system 3900 also may or may not include an input 3912 to receive input and selections to be communicated to the computer system 3900 when executing instructions. The computer system 3900 also may or may not include an output 3914, including but not limited to a display, a video display unit (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), an alphanumeric input device (e.g., a keyboard), and/or a cursor control device (e.g., a mouse).

[00177] The computer system 3900 may or may not include a data storage device that includes instructions 3916 stored in a computer-readable medium 3918. The instructions 3916 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 3904 and/or within the processing device 3902 during execution thereof by the computer system 3900, the main memory 3904, and the processing device 3902 also constituting computer-readable medium. The instructions 3916 may further be transmitted or received over a network 3920 via the network interface device 3910.

[00178] While the computer-readable medium 3918 is shown in an exemplary embodiment to be a single medium, the term “computer-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions. The term “computer-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the processing circuit and that cause the processing circuit to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the embodiments disclosed herein. The term “computer-readable medium” shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, optical and magnetic medium, and carrier wave signals.

[00179] The embodiments disclosed herein include various steps. The steps of the embodiments disclosed herein may be performed by hardware components or may be embodied in machine-executable instructions, which may be used to cause a general-purpose or special-purpose processor programmed with the instructions to perform the steps. Alternatively, the steps may be performed by a combination of hardware and software. [00180] The embodiments disclosed herein may be provided as a computer program product or software, that may include a machine -readable medium (or a computer-readable medium) having stored thereon instructions, which may be used to program a computer system (or other electronic devices) to perform a process according to the embodiments disclosed herein. A machine- readable medium includes any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, a machine-readable medium includes a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., read-only memory (“ROM”), random access memory (“RAM”), magnetic disk storage medium, optical storage medium, flash memory devices, etc.). [00181] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A controller may be a processor. A processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[00182] The embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied in hardware and in instructions that are stored in hardware and may reside, for example, in Random Access Memory (RAM), flash memory, Read-Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of computer-readable medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a remote station. In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a remote station, base station, or server.

[00183] Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended that any method set forth herein be construed as requiring that its steps be performed in a specific order. Accordingly, where a method claim does not actually recite an order to be followed by its steps, or it is not otherwise specifically stated in the claims or descriptions that the steps are to be limited to a specific order, it is no way intended that any particular order be inferred. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Since modifications combinations, sub-combinations, and variations of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the invention may occur to persons skilled in the art, the invention should be construed to include everything within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents

[00184] It is also noted that the operational steps described in any of the exemplary aspects herein are described to provide examples and discussion. The operations described may be performed in numerous different sequences other than the illustrated sequences. Furthermore, operations described in a single operational step may actually be performed in a number of different steps. Additionally, one or more operational steps discussed in the exemplary aspects may be combined. It is to be understood that the operational steps illustrated in the flowchart diagrams may be subject to numerous different modifications as will be readily apparent to one of skill in the art. Those of skill in the art will also understand that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[00185] The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.