| JP2002088767 | LADDER-TYPE COVERING BASE FOR REINFORCING EMBANKMENT |
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| JP04166513 | CONSTRUCTION OF SOIL STRUCTURE |
FRABETTI, Andrea (Via Don Minzoni 3, OSTELLATO, FERRARA, I-44020, IT)
FRABETTI, Andrea (Via Don Minzoni 3, OSTELLATO, FERRARA, I-44020, IT)
CLAIMS
1. A road embankment structure, which comprises "post consumer" plastic materials and scrap plastic materials, i.e. industrial waste ("polylaminate"), to form a plastic mixture, at least partially replacing and in combination with conventional natural materials.
2. Road embankment structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the "post consumer" plastics are included in the quantity of approximately 60%, and the scrap plastic materials, or industrial waste ("polylaminate"), are included in the quantity of approximately 40%. 3. Road embankment structure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said plastic materials - ground and mixed - are used as plastic grit directly to form in the road embankment one or more layers of said materials alternated with layers of natural materials, such as stabilized gravel materials and/or loamy sand and/or natural soil stabilized with lime. 4. Road embankment structure as claimed in at least one of the previous claims, wherein the plastic grit comprises granules of different dimensions to one another, to obtain a high level of compaction of said layers.
5. Road embankment structure as claimed in at least one of the previous claims, wherein the thickness of said layers of plastic grit is greater than the thickness of the layers of natural material alternated therewith.
6. Road embankment structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein the quantitative ratio between plastic and natural materials varies from 65 to 75%.
7. Road embankment structure as claimed in at least claim 1, comprising molded blocks composed of said plastic materials.
8. Road embankment structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein said blocks are arranged adjacent to one another to form several layers of blocks.
9. Road embankment structure as claimed in at least claim 7, wherein said blocks, formed by plasticizing and injection into molds, have ample hollow spaces and are geometrically shaped to be assembled to form at least part of the road embankment.
10. Structure as claimed in claim 9, combined with parts composed of layers of natural material alternated with layers formed of grit composed of said plastic materials.
11. Structure as claimed in at least claim 7, wherein said blocks are arranged adjacent with one another to form several layers with the blocks of one layer optionally staggered in relation to those of the contiguous layers; wherein the blocks can be connected with mechanical means, such as bolts, tie rods or the like, and/or chemical means, such as adhesives, and or by interlocking.
12. Road embankment structure as claimed in claim 7 and/or 8, wherein any channels or cavities are formed by arranging the blocks at a suitable distance from one another.
13. Process for treating solid urban waste composed of "post consumer" plastic materials and of industrial scrap plastic materials, characterized in that it comprises grinding, pregelling and mixing of said plastic materials with partial plasticizing - at temperatures in the order of 130° to 150 0 C - to form layers of plastic grit in road embankments.
14. Process as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that it comprises further gelling and mixing with plasticizing at temperatures in the order of 200 to 220°C, to form - through injection into molds - blocks with ample hollow spaces and geometrically shaped to be assembled to form at least part of a road embankment in layers, optionally in combination with other structures present in the road embankment.
15. A road embankment structure as described and illustrated.
16. A process for treating and utilizing solid urban waste composed of synthetic resin and scrap, i.e. industrial waste composed of plastic materials, as defined. |
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"UTILIZATION OF SOLID URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE COMPOSED '; OF PLASTIC MATERIALS, TO FORM ROAD EMBANKMENTS"
DESCRIPTION
The invention relates to the morphology of a road structure, which allows noteworthy savings in the procurement of materials and solves ecological and environmental problems.
The invention also relates to a process to treat plastic materials coming from solid urban waste and/or coming from industrial waste, for the use thereof. A first subject of the invention provides for the re-use of post consumer plastic materials, i.e. coming from solid urban waste, and the re-use of scrap plastic materials, i.e. of industrial waste (also called "polylaminates"), at least partially replacing and/or in combination with conventional natural materials obtained from natural quarries - such as loamy sand or natural soil stabilized with lime - to produce road embankments and any base courses, or sub- bases for these embankments.
In this way the negative effects for the natural environment are attenuated, with a noteworthy reduction in the costs for disposal of the enormous quantities of plastic waste coming from solid urban waste and from industrial scrap and waste, also turning these costs into economic profits, as this waste is disposed of - in very substantial quantities - in the preparation or reprocessing of road structures.
The road embankment structure in question can comprise "post consumer" plastics in the quantity of approximately 60%, and scrap plastic materials,. i.e. industrial waste, in the quantity of approximately 40%.
Plastic materials - ground and mixed - can be utilized as plastic grit directly to form, in the road embankment, layers of this material alternated with layers of natural materials, such as stabilized gravel, and/or loamy sand and/or natural soil stabilized with lime r tα guarantee operation of the- compacting machine. The layers of plastic grit can comprise granules of different dimensions, to obtain a high level of compaction of said layers.
The thickness of the layers of plastic grit can advantageously be greater than the thickness of the layers of natural materials alternated
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therewith". ' ' ' ' " • - • - ■'■ " ■
The quantitative ratio between plastic and natural materials can vary from 65 to 75%.
According to a possible development of the invention, the road embankment structure can comprise molded blocks composed of said plastic materials, which can be arranged adjacent to one another to form one or more block layers.
Said blocks - formed by plasticizing and injection into molds - are advantageously produced with ample hollow spaces and are geometrically shaped to be assembled to form at least part of the road embankment.
In a structure comprising blocks as defined above, the blocks can be arranged adjacent to one another to form several layers, with the blocks of one layer staggered in relation to the blocks of the contiguous layers; the blocks can be connected with mechanical means, such as bolts, tie-rods or the like, and/or chemical means, such as adhesives, and/or by interlocking.
Any channels or cavities can be formed by arranging the blocks at a suitable distance from one another.
A further subject of the invention is a process for treating solid urban waste composed of "post consumer" plastic materials and industrial scrap composed of plastic materials, which comprises grinding, pregelling and mixing of said plastic materials with partial plasticizing - at temperatures in the order of 130° to 15O 0 C - to form layers of plastic grit in road embankments.
Said process can also comprise further gelling and mixing with plasticizing at temperatures in the order of 200 to 22O 0 C, to form - through injection into molds - blocks with ample hollow spaces and geometrically shaped to be assembled to form at least part of a road embankment in layers, optionally in combination with other structures present in the road embankment.
The- accompanying drawing shows- possible- examples of blocks and structures of road embankments according to the definition above. In the drawing:
Figures 1 to 3 show concise examples of blocks obtainable as defined above and for various uses, in particular to form road embankments;
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Figϋres 4 " , 5 and 6 show sectional views of possible road embankments that can be produced as defined above; and
Figure 7 shows a sectional view of a possible use of the blocks to form a road embankment on an irregular sub-base. Figures 1 to 3 show possible embodiments of blocks 1A, 1B 1 1C with ample cavities geometrically distributed and suitably dimensioned to guarantee resistance to the stresses to which said blocks are subjected when installed, depending on their position in a road embankment, with minimum weight. These blocks are produced as described above, for various uses and in particular to produce road embankments, in one or more series of different dimensions, for example, even up to horizontal dimensions in the order of approximately 80-150 cm and thicknesses in the order of 20-30 cm.
Figure 4 shows a cross section of a road embankment R formed on a base course S (mainly natural); said road embankment R is mainly composed of several layers of blocks B - of the type defined above - placed adjacent and superimposed, optionally also connected to one another or even simply placed adjacent and connected by friction; the blocks B of one layer are preferably staggered in relation to those of the contiguous layers.
Making use of blocks B1 and B2 of different sizes, if required, cavities or channels C can be created for various utilities, when this is required along the stretch of road.
Above the embankment R the conventional roadbed M is formed.
At the sides of the structure formed by the blocks B the blocks themselves create sloping banks such as the one S1 or more or less vertical such as the one S2, against which retaining soil, such as 102 and 103, can be placed; said banks and said retaining soils can as a whole be more limited than those required in conventional embankments, thereby reducing the width of the spaces required for the stretch of road.
Figure- 5 illustrates- a road embankment which is partly formed with blocks B along the sides of the stretch of road, analogous to the illustration in
Figure 4, while in the central area between the blocks B the road embankment is formed by layers MN of ground plastic grit as defined hereinbefore, alternated with layers GM of natural material mostly coming from quarries.
" The layers ' M N have a thickness greater than the layers GM; these layers GM are mainly formed of stabilized gravel, loamy sand or natural soil stabilized with lime, to guarantee regular operation of the compacting machines, which must operate repeatedly during formation of road embankments. Figure 6 shows • an embodiment of road embankment which is composed solely of a structure of layers such as the ones MN and GM described with reference to Figure 5. The embankment is completed laterally with vegetable retaining soil 108 of substantially conventional type.
Figure 7 shows a further possible use of the blocks B to form a regular road embankment RX (with relative roadbed M) in the presence of a base course SI - indicated by way of example and markedly irregular - with a dash- dot line. By means of limited stepped processing LS of this base course Sl, surfaces to support the blocks B are formed, by means of which it is possible to rapidly form the upper surface of the embankment RX for the roadbed M. It is understood that the drawing only shows an example provided by way of a practical arrangement of the invention, which can vary in forms and arrangement without however departing from the scope of the concept on which the invention is based.
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