FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to hot melt inks and, in particular embodiments,

to ultraviolet-blocking hot melt ink jet inks for printing on flexible and other

substrates.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

"Hot melt" inks are inks which are typically in a solid form at room

temperature, but which change to a liquid at an elevated temperature above the room

temperature. In general, hot melt inks and ink jet apparatus employing the same are

well known, and are described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,484,948 to Merritt et

al. (natural wax-containing ink), U.S. Pat. No. 4,931,095 to Nowak et al. (benzoate

ink), and U.S. Pat. No. 4,459,601 to Howkins. The hot melt ink technology can be

used to print images on many different media.

One type of such media is flexible substrates for flexo-graphic plating (flexo- plating). Flexo-graphic plating is a technique for creating images directly on a

flexible (elastomer) medium, such as a flexo-plate, or a metal printing plate.

Conventionally, flexo-graphic printing involves a photographic method utilizing a

conventional imaged negative.

It is an object of a preferred embodiment of the present invention to provide

UV-blocking hot melt inks for flexo-graphic plating. Another object of a preferred

embodiment of the present invention is to provide such inks that have good adhesion to various flexo-graphic printing media. Yet another object of a preferred

embodiment of the present invention is to provide such inks that are flexible, durable and have good crack resistance.

It is an object of another preferred embodiment of the invention to provide

UV-blocking hot melt inks for printing on silk screens. It is another object to provide

such inks that are removable from the silk screen without harming the screen.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

According to an embodiment of the present invention, an UV-blocking hot

melt ink for use in flexo-graphic plating is provided, which comprises a wax, a plasticizer, an UV blocker, and a dye.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, an UV-blocking

hot melt ink for printing on a silk screen is provided, which comprises a wax, an UV

blocker, a fatty acid, and a dye.

For example, in one preferred embodiment, the UV blocking ink composition

comprises about 30 to 95 % by weight (wt.%) of a wax, such as Montan wax or ester

based wax; up to about 30 wt.% of a plasticizer, such as glyceryl tribenzoate; and

about 1 to 20 wt.% of a suitable UV blocker. In further embodiments, a dye is

included in the composition such that the ink is readily visible when applied to a

substrate, In yet further embodiments, the amount of wax in the composition is about

25 to 85 wt.% and the composition also includes about 10 to 70 wt.% of a fatty acid,

such as myristic acid.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Conventional flexo-graphic plating involves a photographic method utilizing a

conventional imaged negative. The UV-blocking hot melt ink according to an

embodiment of the present invention may be used in a flexo-graphic plating method involving a photopolymer.

In such a flexo-plating process, the flexible substrate is coated with a

photopolymer which is sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light. When exposed to UV light,

the photopolymer layer is cured to create a hardened surface. By printing on the

photopolymer layer a special ink which blocks the UV light, the photopolymer layer

is selectively prevented from curing, thus creating a desired negative image on the

flexo-plate.

The special ink used in flexo-graphic plating applications preferably has good

adhesion to various flexo-graphic printing media (substrate), good UV-blocking

capability, and is removable from the surface of the substrate during the wash out

cycle of the plating process. In addition, the ink preferably has good crack resistance, and is flexible and durable for the elastomeric material used in the flexo-plating

process.

Printing techniques using an UV-sensitive photopolymer and an UV-blocking

hot melt ink may also be used for printing graphics on silk screens. When used on a

silk screen, the ink is preferably removable from the silk screen during a wash cycle

without harming the screen itself.

The hot melt UV-blocking inks according to embodiments of the present

invention may be used for printing with any suitable apparatus, but is preferably used

in ink jet apparatus. When used in ink jet apparatus, the inks preferably have qualities

that are generally required for ink jet inks, such as good printing quality, small dot size, and good jetability.

Solid hot-melt inks according to embodiments of the present invention may be

formed by melting a wax, adding other necessary ingredients, and re-solidifying the

mixture by cooling.

One embodiment of the present invention is an UV-blocking hot melt ink for

flexo-graphic plating comprising a wax, a plasticizer, an UV blocker, and a dye. The

wax is preferably a Montan wax, but may also be other natural or synthetic waxes (synthetic wax is generally preferred), such as paraffin wax, candelilla wax, etc., or

mixtures thereof. The wax content of the ink composition may vary between 30 to 95

percent by weight (wt.%), depending on the amount of plasticizer and UV blocker

needed.

The plasticizer may be an inert ester type plasticizer, preferably glyceryl

tribenzoate (Benzoflex S404), or other types of plasticizers. The desired amount of

plasticizer in the ink composition depends upon the flexibility of the plate medium

(the printing substrate), and is preferably up to 30 wt.%. In further embodiments,

such as for application on a substantially rigid printing substrate, very little or no

plasticizer may be used.

Varying the amount of plasticizer can vary the viscosity of the ink. It is preferable to control the viscosity of the ink so that it falls within an acceptable range

at the nominal operating temperature of the print head, such as 8 to 12 centipoise at

jetting temperature (60 to 300 °C). This may be accomplished by varying the type of

wax used, and/or by adding a fatty acid. For example, when less Benzoflex (plasticizer) is used, the viscosity of the ink typically increases, and a low viscosity

wax may be added to adjust the viscosity of the resultant ink.

The UV blocker selected for use in the ink depends on the wavelength of the

UV light used to cure the photopolymer in the flexo-graphic plating process. To

block UV light with wavelengths in the range of 330 to 400 nm, dihydroxy-4-

methoxybenzophenone (Cyasorb UV24) may be used. For flexo-plating systems

operating under UV lights in other wavelength ranges, other UV blockers may be

suitably employed, such as 2-(2-hydroxy-5-octylphenyl)-benzotriazole C-122

(Cyasorb UV5411 ) (for wavelength range from 300 nm to 360 nm), or 2-hydroxy-4-n-

octoxybenzophenone (Cyasorb 531) (for wavelength range from 250 nm to 360 nm).

Other UV-absorbing agents may also be used as the UV blocker, so long as they have

acceptable solubility in the ink vehicle. The amount of UV blocker used depends on

the UV exposure time employed in the flexo-plating process, and is preferably

sufficient to cause near 100% UV blockage under typical exposure times. For

example, between 5 to 20 wt.% of Cyasorb UV24 may be used for a typical UV exposure time, such as 10 minutes.

A dye may be included in the ink to enhance the visibility of the printed ink on

the substrate. However, in further embodiments, the dye may be omitted from the

UV-blocking ink formulation without affecting other functions of the ink. When a

dye is desired, it is preferable to use a dye which results in good color contrast for the

particular substrate on which the ink is to be printed. For example, a magenta dye

may be used for a green substrate, and a dark blue dye may be used for a yellow

substrate. Any suitable dye may be employed, so long as it is soluble in the ink

vehicle. Preferably, the amount of dye used is sufficient to cause the printed ink to be

readily visible on the substrate.

The following is an example of a preferred formulation of an UV-blocking hot

melt ink jet ink.

Example 1

A Montan wax (Hoechst KPS wax) was heated to a liquid state. Glyceryl

tribenzoate (manufactured by Velsicol and sold under the trade name Benzoflex

S404), dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (manufactured by Cytec and sold under the trade name Cyasorb UV24), and Sudan Blue dye 35 (manufactured by BASF)

were added to the wax. The resulting mixture had 59 wt.% Montan wax, 30 wt.%

Benzoflex S404, 10 wt.% Cyasorb UV24, and 1 wt.% Sudan Blue 35. The mixture

was subsequently cooled to room temperature and formed a solid.

This formulation was printed on a substrate, exposed to 350 nm UV light of

130 mW/cm ² intensity for 20 minutes, and showed a virtually 100% UV blockage.

Exposure to 50 mW/cm ² of UV light for up to 45 min also showed desired blockage

effects. It was also successfully tested in an actual flexo-graphic plating process. The

viscosity of the ink at 130° C was 11.2.

Tables 1 through 4 show 25 additional preferred embodiments of UV-blocking

hot melt ink jet ink formulations for flexo-graphic plating applications.

Table 1

Ingredients

KPS wax 60 59 60 60 59 58 58

Behenic acid 38 38 38 38 37 37 36

SY-162 1

UV-24 1 2 3 4 5

UV-531 — ~ 1

UV-5411 1 — — ~

Red 78747 ~ 1

Tricon 19388 — — 1

SB-35 — — — 1 losol red 1 — s.red- violet 1

Sudan orange 1 — —

Table 2

Ingredients

E-wax 39

Crodamide 21 1 46 — — 48 50 —

E-5 9 10 14 14 20 20

Behenic acid 41 43 17 17 — —

Dye 1 1 1 1 1 1

1230 wax — 46

1240 wax — ~ 48

Benzoflex — — 20 20 29 40

UV-24 3 not — — ~

Table 3

Ingredients

Crodamide 21 1 — 45 44 50 — ~

E-5 18 9 9 9 ~ —

Behenic acid 10 40 39 30 20 31

Benzoflex S404 34

UV-24 3 5 7 10 10 10

Dye 1 1 1 1 1 1

KPS 34 ~ ~ — 59 46

DM-55 10 12

Table 4

Ingredients / physical data

KPS wax 59 74 69 74 69

Behenic acid 15 — - ~ —

Benzoflex S404 5 10 15 15 20

DM-55 10 5 5 ~ —

UV-24 10 10 10 10 10

Dye 1 1 1 1 1

Viscosity at 14.5 13.5 12.5 12.2

130 °C (centipoise)

The unit of the numbers in the above Tables is percent by weight unless

otherwise indicated.

In the above Tables, SY-162, Red 78747, Tricon 19388, SB-35, losol red,

s.red- violet, and Sudan orange are dyes; UV-24, UV-531 and UV-5411 are UV

blockers; E-wax is an ester based wax (Hoechst); crodamide 21 1 is an amide wax; E-5

is a resin thickening agent; 1230 wax and 1240 wax are paraffin waxes; and DM-55 is

an acrylic resin. The dye used in Tables 2 and 4 may be any suitable dye, such as

Sudan blue 35.

The embodiments described in Tables 1 to 4 show that a variety of waxes, wax

mixtures, or mixtures of waxes, fatty acids and/or resins may be used in the hot melt ink compositions.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, an UV-blocking

hot melt ink jet ink is provided for printing on silk screens. One desirable property of

such an ink is its ability to be readily washed off of the silk screen by warm water.

Alternatively, further ink embodiments may require washing out using hot water or a

solvent.

A preferred embodiment of the composition for an UV-blocking hot melt ink jet ink for printing on silk screens comprises a wax, a fatty acid, an UV blocker and a

dye. The types and amounts of UV blocker and dye may be determined using the

same principles described for the above embodiment of the UV-blocking ink for

flexo-graphic plating.

The wax used in the ink for printing on a silk screen is preferably an ester

based wax. The fatty acid is preferably myristic acid, although other fatty acids may

also be used, such as lauric acid or behenic acid. The fatty acid used preferably

provides good solubility for the dye used (if any), and has relatively low viscosity.

The amounts of the wax and the fatty acid are preferably such that the resulting solid

ink has an acceptably low melting temperature, such as around 40 °C, so that it may be

washed off of the silk screen with warm water. For example, the use of myristic acid

in the 10 to 70 wt.% range may result in a suitable ink for some applications, while

the same in the 20 to 50 wt.% range is preferred.

A preferred UV-blocking hot melt ink composition for printing on silk screens

comprises 40 wt.% of Crodamol behenyl erucate, 50 wt.% of myristic acid, 9 wt.% of

Cyasorb UV-24 and 1 wt.% of Sudan blue dye. The melting range of this

composition is 35 - 50.2°C. Its peak melting point and fuse point are 46.0°C and

44.1 °C, respectively. This composition was shown to wash off easily from the silk

screen. It was also proven to be very effective on aluminum substrates.

Tables 5 and 6 are additional preferred embodiments of UV-blocking hot melt

ink compositions for printing on silk screens.

Table 5

Ingredients / physical data

Myristic acid 60 70 — — ~ —

Lauric acid — ~ 70 — — —

Jelly #20 ~ — — 45 45 30

Oleamide 15 — — — — —

1230 wax — — — 45 — —

Shell #400 wax 15 20 20 ~ 45 60

Cyasorb UV-24 9 9 9 9 9 9

Sudan blue 670 1 1 1 1 1 1

melting range (°C) 36-59 39-58 36-43 34-47.6 33-78 34-79 peak melting point 40.7 50.5 39.0 44.1 40.4 43.0 (°C) fuse point (°C) 45.3 49.3 58.3 36.2 62 & 43 64 viscosity at 75 °C 10.0 8.8 (centipoise)

Table 6

Ingredients / physical data

Myristic acid 60 30 50 70 50 39

Shell #400 wax 30 — 40 — — —

Jelly #20 — ~ — 20 ~ —

Crodamol myristil — ~ — — 40 31 myristate synthetic bee's wax ~ 50 ~ ~ — —

E-90 resin ~ — ~ ~ — 20

Cyasorb UV-24 9 9 9 9 9 9

Sudan blue 670 1 1 1 1 1 1

melting range (°C) 37 - 50 37 - 59 37 - 51 42 - 52.8 peak melting point 47.4 41.8 45.6 48.9 (°C) fuse point (°C) 62.4 47.0 62.3 42.9 viscosity at 75 °C 9.3 12.7 16.9 12.5 (centipoise)

In the above Tables, E-90 is a hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbon; Jelly #20

is a petrolatum made by Penreco; and Shell #400 is a paraffin wax with a low melting

point. The unit of the numbers is percent by weight unless otherwise indicated.