VARIABLE REFERENCE SIGNAL TIME DIFFERENCE (RSTD) REPORTING

Related Application

This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.

62/378,545, filed August 23, 2016, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

Field

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of networks, and more particularly, to apparatuses, systems, and methods for reference signal time difference (RSTD) reporting in wireless networks.

Background

Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) performance may depend on RSTD reporting accuracy, and the granularity with which those reports are made. Finer granularity may accommodate more accurate RSTD measurement. By contrast, finer granularity may also result in larger reporting overhead because more reporting may be necessary to communicate the more granular report.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Embodiments will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. To facilitate this description, like reference numerals designate like structural elements. Embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 illustrates an example network that includes a user equipment (UE) and an evolved NodeB (eNB), in accordance with various embodiments.

Figure 2 illustrates an example network that includes a plurality of eNBs, in accordance with various embodiments.

Figure 3 illustrates an example process flow to allow variable RSTD reporting granularity, in accordance with various embodiments.

Figure 4 illustrates an electronic device, in accordance with various embodiments. Figure 5 illustrates a computer system, in accordance with various embodiments.

Detailed Description

In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof wherein like numerals designate like parts throughout, and in which is shown by way of illustration embodiments that may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

Various operations may be described as multiple discrete actions or operations in turn, in a manner that is most helpful in understanding the claimed subject matter.

However, the order of description should not be construed as to imply that these operations are necessarily order dependent. In particular, these operations may not be performed in the order of presentation. Operations described may be performed in a different order than the described embodiment. Various additional operations may be performed or described operations may be omitted in additional embodiments.

For the purposes of the present disclosure, the phrases "A or B," "A and/or B," and

"A/B" mean (A), (B), or (A and B).

The description may use the phrases "in an embodiment," or "in embodiments," which may each refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," and the like, as used with respect to embodiments of the present disclosure, are synonymous.

Practically, it may not be ideal to mandate the same reporting granularity for all e B or RSTD measurements. Rather, in some embodiments, different measured eNBs may be flexibly associated with different reporting granularity. For example, if the signal from a measured eNB has a good signal to noise ratio (SNR), and/or if the eNB is in line of sight (LOS), then RSTD reporting with finer granularity may be beneficial. However, if the signal from the measured eNB has a low SNR, and/or if the eNB is not in LOS (NLOS), then the benefit of such finer reporting granularity may be limited. Generally, embodiments herein may relate to flexible configuration of RSTD reporting granularity. Specifically, in some embodiments a UE may be able to indicate that it is using a finer granularity for the RSTD measurement, and indicate such value as an adjustment value to the RSTD measurement report. In embodiments, the RSTD reporting granularity may be based on criteria such as SNR, a power delay profile, a LOS condition, etc.

Figure 1 illustrates an example network 100 that includes a user equipment (UE) 105 and an evolved NodeB (eNB) 110, in accordance with various embodiments. In embodiments, the network 100 may be a third generation partnership project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE Advanced (LTE-A) LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U), fifth generation (5G) network, and/or a new radio (NR) network. In other embodiments, the network 100 may be some other type of wireless communication network. As shown in Figure 1, the UE 105 may include transceiver circuitry 120, which may also be referred to as a multi-mode transceiver chip. The transceiver circuitry 120 may be configured to transmit and receive signals using one or more protocols such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-U, 5G, and/or R protocols. Specifically, the transceiver circuitry 120 may be coupled with one or more of a plurality of antennas 160 of the UE 105 for communicating wirelessly with other components of the network 100, e.g., eNB 110 over radio link 115. The antennas 160 may be powered by the transceiver circuitry 120, for example, by a power amplifier which may be a component of the transceiver circuitry 120 as shown in Figure 1, or separate from but coupled with the transceiver circuitry 120. In one embodiment, the power amplifier may provide the power for all transmissions on the antennas 160. In other embodiments, there may be multiple power amplifiers on the UE 105. The use of multiple antennas 160 may allow for the UE 105 to use transmit diversity techniques such as spatial orthogonal resource transmit diversity (SORTD), multiple-input multiple-output (MEVIO), or full-dimension MTMO (FD-MTMO).

In certain embodiments the transceiver circuitry 120 may include transmit circuitry

125 configured to cause the antennas 160 to transmit one or more signals from the UE 105, and receive circuitry 130 configured to process signals received by the antennas 160. In some embodiments, the transmit circuitry 125 and the receive circuitry 130 may be implemented as a single communication circuitry. In other embodiments, the transmit circuitry 125 and the receive circuitry 130 may be implemented in separate chips or modules, for example, one chip including the receive circuitry 130 and another chip including the transmit circuitry 125. In some embodiments, the transmitted or received signals may be cellular signals transmitted to or received from eNB 110. In some embodiments, the transceiver circuitry 120 may include or be coupled with an RSTD circuitry 135 to identify, generate, or interpret one or more RSTD signals or parameters, as described in further detail below.

Similar to the UE 105, the eNB 110 may include transceiver circuitry 140. The transceiver circuitry 140 may be further coupled with one or more of a plurality of antennas 165 of the eNB 110 for communicating wirelessly with other components of the network 100, e.g., UE 105 over radio link 115. The antennas 165 may be powered by a power amplifier, or may be a separate component of the eNB 110. In one embodiment, the power amplifier may provide the power for all transmissions on the antennas 165. In other embodiments, there may be multiple power amplifiers on the eNB 110. The use of multiple antennas 165 may allow for the eNB 110 to use transmit diversity techniques such as SORTD, MTMO, or FD-MIMO. In certain embodiments the transceiver circuitry 140 may contain both transmit circuitry 145 configured to cause the antennas 165 to transmit one or more signals from the eNB 110, and receive circuitry 150 to process signals received by the antennas 165. In other embodiments, the transceiver circuitry 140 may be replaced by transmit circuitry 145 and receive circuitry 150 which are separate from one another (not shown). In some embodiments, the eNB 110 may include RSTD circuitry 155, which may be similar to RSTD circuitry 135.

Figure 2 illustrates an example network 200 that includes a plurality of eNBs, in accordance with various embodiments. For example, the network 200 may include a plurality of eNBs such as eNBs 210a, 210b, 210c, and 210d. In embodiments, respective eNBs 210a-d may be similar to eNB 110. The network 200 may also include a UE 205, which may be similar to UE 105. In embodiments, the UE 105 may be able to

communicate with the eNBs 210a-d over radio links 215a, 215b, 215c, 215d, which may be similar to radio link 115. It will be understood that although network 200 is shown to have four eNBs, in embodiments the network 200 may have more or fewer eNBs.

Generally, OTDOA may be considered a technique by which the location of a UE may be determined. Specifically, a UE such as UE 205 may receive one or more reference signals (RSs) from one or more of eNBs 210a-d. In some embodiments, the RSs may be referred to as positioning reference signals (PRSs). The UE 205, and particularly RSTD circuitry of the UE such as RSTD circuitry 135, may then process the various received RSs and identify the time at which each RS was received, which may be referred to as a time of arrival (TOA). For example, the TOA for the signal received from eNB 210a may be Ti. Similarly, the TOAs for the signals received from eNBs 210b, 210c, and 210d may be referred to as τ ₂ , τ ₃ , and τ ₄ , respectively.

One of the TOAs, for example Ti, may be identified as a reference signal. TOAs τ ₂

- τ ₄ may then be measured against the reference signal τ ₁ to generate three different RSTD measured quantity values. Specifically, a first RSTD measured quantity value (RSTDi) may be equal to τ ₁ - τ ₂ . A second RSTD measured quantity value (RSTD ₂ ) may be equal to Ti - τ ₃ . A third RSTD measured quantity value (RSTD ₃ ) may be equal to Ti - τ ₄ .

Generally, the RSTD measured quantity values may be measured in units of T _s , which may be 1/(15000 x 2048) seconds, or approximately 32 nanoseconds (ns). Put another way, a T _s may correspond to approximately 9.8 meters, as that is the distance the radio signal may go in approximately 32 ns. The RSTD values may then be reported to one or more of eNBs 210a-d, which in turn may report the value to a location server in the core network. The location server may then use the various reported RSTDs to triangulate the position of the UE 205. As noted above, although Figure 2 only shows 4 eNBs, in some embodiments a network 200 may have more eNBs. In some embodiments, it may be desirable for an OTDOA measurement to include at least 16 different RSTD measured quantity values. In other embodiments, the OTDOA measurement may include more of fewer RSTD measured quantity values.

Generally, the RSTD value ranges may be indicated by a table such as Table 9.1.10.3-1 of the third generation partnership project (3GPP) technical specification (TS) 36.133 version 13.4.0 (June, 2016) as follows:

Table 9.1.10.3-1: RSTD report mapping

As can be seen in Table 9.1.10.3-1, the reported values may range from a value of RSTD 0000 to RSTD 12711. The UE 205 may transmit, for example, via transceiver circuitry 120 and/or transmit circuitry 125, an indication of a reported value. For example, if the UE 205, and particularly RSTD circuitry of the UE such as RSTD circuitry 135, measures an RSTD of -2.5, then the UE 205, and particularly transceiver circuitry such as transceiver circuitry 120 and/or transmit circuitry such as transmit circuitry 125, may transmit an indication of RSTD 6353. As can be seen in Table 9.1.10.3-1, different ranges may have different reporting granularity. For example, reported RSTD values between RSTD 0001 and RSTD 2259 may correspond to measured RSTDs within a range of about 5 T _s (i.e., a granularity of 5 T _s ). Similarly, reported RSTD values between RSTD 10452 and RSTD 12710 may correspond to measured RSTDs within a range of about 5 T _s (i.e., a granularity of 5 T _s ). By contrast, reported RSTD values between RSTD 2260 and RSTD 10451 may correspond to RSTDs within a range of about 1 T _s (i.e., a granularity of 1 T _s ).

In some embodiments, the UE 205 may have LOS with one or more of the eNBs, for example, eNBs 210a, 210b, and 210c. However, in some cases the UE 205 may have NLOS with an eNB such as eNB 210d. This may be because, for example, a building such as building 270 is located between the UE 205 and eNB 210d. In other embodiments, LOS may be blocked by some other structure such as a hill, a tree, or some other object. When the UE 205 has LOS with two eNBs, for example, eNBs 210a and 210b, then the RSTD calculation related to those two eNBs may be done with a higher than normal degree of accuracy, and the RSTD reporting may be done with finer granularity. For example, the RSTD value may be measured in terms of less than 1 T _s . In other embodiments other conditions of the radio link such as an SNR above a given threshold or some other condition may make it desirable to use a finer granularity for the RSTD reporting.

Figure 3 illustrates an example process flow 300 to allow variable RSTD reporting granularity, in accordance with various embodiments. Initially, a UE such as UE 205, and particularly RSTD circuitry of the UE such as RSTD circuitry 135, may identify one or more reported RSTD value ranges at 305. For example, a first range, hereinafter referred to as "range 1," may be for reported RSTD values between RSTD 2260 and RSTD 10451 (e.g., reported RSTD values with a granularity of 1 T _s ). A second range, hereinafter referred to as "range 2," may be for reported RSTD values between RSTD 0001 and RSTD 2259 (e.g., reported RSTD values with a granularity of 5 T _s ). A third range, hereinafter referred to as "range 3," may be for reported RSTD values between

RSTD 10452 and RSTD 12710 (e.g., reported RSTD values with a granularity of 5 T _s ). In other embodiments, there may be more or fewer RSTD value ranges, and/or the RSTD value ranges may be associated with different RSTD values. In some embodiments, the UE 205 may identify the one or more RSTD value ranges based on pre-defined values, while in other embodiments the RSTD value ranges may be signaled by the network via one or more eNBs such as eNBs 210a-d. In some embodiments, the ranges may be identified based on the RSTD measured quantity value rather than the reported value. The UE 205, and particularly the RSTD circuitry of the UE, may then identify whether a supplementary table such as Table 1 (below) is supported.

Table 1: Su lementar Table

In some embodiments, use of the supplementary table and the variable RSTD reporting granularity may require additional network overhead. Therefore, in some cases such as particularly heavy network load, underpowered network resources, high quality of service (QoS) requirements, etc., the network conditions may not allow for such overhead. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 205 may not have been pre-provisioned with details regarding the supplementary table, or it may not have the processing power to perform the additional calculations related to the supplementary table, or transmit the indications of the supplementary table. In some embodiments, the network may explicitly indicate that the supplementary table should not be used. However, if the UE identifies that the

supplementary table is supported, then the UE 205 may transmit, for example, via transceiver circuitry such as transceiver circuitry 120 and/or transmit circuitry such as transmit circuitry 125, an indication that the supplementary table is supported at 310. Such an indication may take the form of, for example, a UE capability bit.

The UE, and particularly the RSTD circuitry of the UE, may then identify a target granularity at 315 for one or more of the ranges identified at 305. This identification of the target granularity may be based on an indication transmitted by the network via one of e Bs 210a-210d, or based on a predefined target granularity. For example, in some embodiments the UE may identify that a target granularity for range 1 may be 0.5 T _s , rather than 1 T _s . Additionally or alternatively, the UE may identify that a target granularity for range 2 and/or 3 may be a value such as 0.5 T _s , 1.0 T _s , 2.0 T _s , 3.0 T _s , or 4.0 T _s , rather than 5 T _s . In some embodiments, the target granularity for range 2 may be the same as, or different than, the target granularity for range 3.

The UE, and particularly the RSTD circuitry of the UE, may then identify whether the UE is to use the target granularity at 320. For example, as discussed above, in some cases use of the target granularity to achieve a finer granularity may be desirable if the UE has a good LOS with one or both of the e Bs being used to calculate a given RSTD. Additionally or alternatively, use of the finer granularity may be desirable if the RS received from one or both of the eNBs being used to calculate the RSTD has a good SNR. As used herein, a "good" SNR may refer to an SNR of which is above a threshold. In embodiments, the threshold may be pre-defined, decided by a UE, or obtained in some other manner. Additionally or alternatively, one or more other factors such as a UE' s Doppler spread and/or shift may be used. In some embodiments, the identification of whether the UE is to use the target granularity may be identified by the UE autonomously (that is, without reliance on an indication by one or more eNBs). Additionally or alternatively, the identification of whether the UE is to use the target granularity may be identified by the UE based on one or more indications from one or more of the eNBs.

The UE, and particularly the RSTD circuitry of the UE, may then identify the RSTD measured quantity value at 325. For example, as discussed above, the RSTD measured quantity value may be based on the comparison of a TOA of an RS from one eNB against a TOA of an RS from another eNB. The UE may then transmit an indication of the RSTD measured quantity value at 330. Specifically, the transceiver and/or transmit circuitry of the UE may transmit an indication of a reported RSTD value such as

RSTD 0001 or some other reported RSTD value from Table 9. 1.10.3-1. This indication of the reported RSTD value may be received by the transceiver and/or transmit circuitry from the RSTD circuitry. Alternatively, the RSTD measured quantity value may be received by the transceiver and/or transmit circuitry from the RSTD circuitry, and the transceiver and/or transmit circuitry may convert from the RSTD measured quantity value to the indication of the reported RSTD value, for example, based on a table lookup or some other conversi on techni que .

The UE may then indicate at 335 a relative quantity value from Table 1 if the UE is to use the target granularity. Specifically, the UE, and particularly the transceiver and/or transmit circuitry, may transmit an indication of a reported relative quantity value such as RSTD delta O, RSTD delta l, etc. from Table 1. In embodiments, the relative quantity value may be selected based on factors such as radio link condition, SNR, LOS, etc. For example, if the SNR is very high and/or the LOS is very high, then a very fine A _RSTD (e.g., 0.5 T _s or 1 T _s ) may be used. In other cases where SNR may be low or there is no LOS, a less fine A _R S _TD (e.g., 3.0 T _s or 4.0 T _s ) may be used. Using the target granularity, a reported RSTD value from Table 9.1.10.3-1, and the Δι^το from Table 1, the RSTD value may be reported with a finer granularity.

Specifically, the target granularity and the A _R S _TD may be applied to the RSTD measured quantity value indicated by the reported RSTD value from Table 9.1.10.3-1.

First example

As a first example, one can assume that the UE may measure an RSTD of approximately 2.75 T _s . In a legacy network, this could be reported with a granularity of 1 T _s by indicating RSTD 6358 from Table 9.1.10.3-1, which would indicate that the measured RSTD is between a lower bound of 2.0 T _s and an upper bound of 3.0 T _s .

However, in this example, the UE may identify at 315 a target granularity of 0.5 T _s , and the UE may identify that it is to use the target granularity at 320 based on one or more of the conditions discussed above. In other words, the UE may identify that it is able to perform RSTD reporting with a granularity finer than 1 T _s .

In this example, the UE may identify a A _RSTD that may be used to modify the

RSTD measured quantity value indicated by RSTD 6358. For example, the RSTD report may be modified as follows: lower bound + A _R S _TD < measured RSTD < lower bound + A _R S _TD + target granularity. In this example, therefore, the RSTD report may be indicated by the UE's signaling, and consequently interpreted by the location server, as being 2.0 + 0.5 < RSTD < 2.0 +0.5 + 0.5, or 2.5 < RSTD < 3.0. Such an indication may be made by the UE transmitting, for example, an indication of RSTD 6358 and RSTD delta l .

As can be seen, the UE may therefore indicate that the measured RSTD value is between 2.5 and 3.0. In some embodiments, one or both of the inequalities may be identified as being "<" rather than "<." That is, if the original measured quantity value indicated by RSTD 6358 is 2 < RSTD < 3, then the RSTD report with finer granularity may be interpreted as 2.5 < RSTD < 3.

Second example

As another example, the UE may measure an RSTD of approximately 15382.25 T _s . In a legacy network, this could be reported with a granularity of 5 T _s by indicating

RSTD 12709 from Table 9.1.10.3-1, which would indicate that the measured RSTD is between a lower bound of 15381 T _s and an upper bound of 15386 T _s . However, in this example, the UE may identify at 315 a target granularity of 0.5 T _s , and the UE may identify that it is to use the target granularity at 320 based on one or more of the conditions discussed above. In other words, the UE may identify that it is able to perform RSTD reporting with a granularity finer than 5 T _s .

In this example, the UE may identify a A _R S _TD that may be used to modify the RSTD measured quantity value indicated by RSTD 12709. In this example, the RSTD report may be indicated by the UE's signaling, and consequently interpreted by the location server, as being 15381 + 1 < RSTD < 15381 + 1 + 0.5, or 15382 < RSTD < 15382.5. Such an indication may be made by the UE transmitting, for example, an indication of RSTD 12709 and RSTD_delta_2.

As can be seen, the UE may therefore indicate that the measured RSTD value is between 15382 and 15382.5. In some embodiments, one or both of the inequalities may be identified as being "<" rather than "<." That is, if the original measured quantity value indicated by RSTD 12709 is 1538 K RSTD < 15386, then the RSTD report with finer granularity may be interpreted as 15382 < RSTD < 15382.5. Third example

As another example, the UE may measure an RSTD of approximately 15382.5 T _s . In a legacy network, this could be reported with a granularity of 5 T _s by indicating

RSTD 12709 from Table 9. 1.10.3-1 , which would indicate that the measured RSTD is between a lower bound of 15381 T _s and an upper bound of 15386 T _s . However, in this example, the UE may identify at 3 15 a target granularity of 1.0 T _s , and the UE may identify that it is to use the target granularity at 320 based on one or more of the conditions discussed above. In other words, the UE may identify that it is able to perform RSTD reporting with a granularity finer than 5 T _s .

In this example, the UE may identify a A _R S _TD that may be used to modify the RSTD measured quantity value indicated by RSTD 12709. In this example, the RSTD report may be indicated by the UE's signaling, and consequently interpreted by the location server, as being 15381 + 1 < RSTD < 15381 + 1 + 1 , or 15382 < RSTD < 15383. Such an indication may be made by the UE transmitting, for example, an indication of RSTD 12709 and RSTD_delta_2.

As can be seen, the UE may therefore indicate that the measured RSTD value is between 15382 and 15383. In some embodiments, one or both of the inequalities may be identified as being "<" rather than "<". That is, if the original measured quantity value indicated by RSTD 12709 is 1538 K RSTD < 15386, then the RSTD report with finer granularity may be interpreted as 15382 < RSTD < 15383. In some embodiments, the UE may also transmit an indication of an applicable range for which the supplementary values apply at 340. For example, the UE may also transmit a 2-bit index that may be in accordance with Table 2, below:

Table 2: Su lementar Table A licabilit Ran e Bit Ma

For example, if the UE transmits a 2-bit indicator with a value "01," then such an indicator may indicate that Range 1 does not use the supplementary table, and instead has a legacy granularity of 1 T _s . By contrast, Ranges 2 and/or 3 may be using the

supplementary table and have a granularity that is finer than that of the legacy granularity of 5 T _s .

It will be understood that in some embodiments, elements of process 300 may be performed in a different order, or may be omitted. For example, in some embodiments the order of elements such as elements 305, 310, and/or 315 may be switched. Similarly, elements such as elements 320 and 325 may be performed in a different order. In other embodiments, other elements may also be performed in different orders.

In some embodiments, certain elements of process 300 may be identified as optional. For example, in some embodiments elements such as elements 305, 310, 315, 335, 340, and/or some other element may be omitted or altered.

Embodiment 1

For example, in one embodiment Range 1 may be predefined as RSTD 2260 to RSTD 10451 of Table 9.1.10.3-1. Range 2 may be predefined as RSTD 0000 (or, alternatively, RSTD 0001) to RSTD 2259, and Range 3 may be predefined as

RSTD 10452 to RSTD 12711 (or, alternatively RSTD 12710). Therefore, element 305 may be modified from that discussed above, because the UE may not need to receive any explicit signaling of the range from the network. Rather, the UE may be able to identify the various ranges based on a predefined table or some other type of preconfiguration.

In this embodiment, the target granularity may also be predefined. For example, Range 1 may be predefined with a target granularity of 0.5 T _s . Ranges 2 and/or 3 may be predefined with a target granularity of 1.0 T _s . Therefore, in this embodiment element 315 may be altered from that discussed above in that the UE may not need to receive explicit signaling from the network. Rather, the UE may be able to identify the various target granularities based on a predefined table or some other type of preconfiguration.

In this embodiment, only certain values from Table 1 may be used with various ranges. For example, in some embodiments, only RSTD delta O and RSTD delta l may be used as supplementary values for reported RSTD values in Range 1. That is, reported RSTD values in Range 1 may not be modified by RSTD_delta_2 - RSTD_delta_5.

Similarly, only RSTD delta O, RSTD_delta_2, RSTD_delta_3, RSTD_delta_4, and RSTD_delta_5 may be used as supplementary values for reported RSTD values in Ranges 2 or 3. That is, reported RSTD values in Ranges 2 or 3 may not be modified by RSTD delta 1.

Embodiment 2

In another embodiment, Table 1 may be modified as shown in Table 1-a, below:

Table 1-a: Su lementar Table

In this embodiment, the UE may identify at 310 that the supplementary table is supported, but that use of the supplementary table may not be desirable. For example, the radio link between the UE and an eNB may have a poor SNR, a poor power delay profile, non LOS (NLOS), or some other condition. In this embodiment, the UE may indicate at 335 that the supplementary table and target granularity are not used by transmitting an indication of RSTD_delta_6 as shown in Table 1-a. In this embodiment, the location server and/or the eNB may identify that RSTD reporting is being performed in accordance with legacy Table 9.1.10.3-1. In some embodiments, if the UE identifies that the supplementary table is not to be used, elements such as 315, 320, 340, and/or some other element may be omitted. Embodiment 3

In another embodiment, the UE may identify at 310 that use of the supplementary table may not be desirable. For example, the radio link between the UE and an eNB may have a poor SNR, a poor power delay profile, non LOS (NLOS), or some other condition. In this embodiment, the UE may indicate via a UE capability bit at 310 that the supplementary table is not supported. This indication may tell the location server and/or eNB that RSTD reporting is being performed in accordance with legacy Table 9.1.10.3-1. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may omit element 335. If the UE does not provide an indication of a reported relative quantity value at 335, then the location server and/or eNB may identify that RSTD reporting is being performed in accordance with legacy Table 9.1.10.3-1.

Figure 4 illustrates, for one embodiment, example components of an electronic device 400. In embodiments, the electronic device 400 may be, implement, be

incorporated into, or otherwise be a part of a UE (for example, UE 105 or UE 205) or an eNB (for example, eNB 110, eNB 210a, eNB 210b, eNB 210c, and/or eNB 210d), and/or some other electronic device. In some embodiments, the electronic device 400 may include application circuitry 402, baseband circuitry 404, radio frequency (RF) circuitry 406, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 408 and one or more antennas 1100, coupled together at least as shown. Antennas 1100 may be similar, for example, to antennas 160 and/or 165.

The application circuitry 402 may include one or more application processors. For example, the application circuitry 402 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processor(s) may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.). The processors may be coupled with and/or may include memory/storage and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications and/or operating systems to run on the system.

The baseband circuitry 404 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The baseband circuitry 404 may include one or more baseband processors and/or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receive signal path of the RF circuitry 406 and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 406. Baseband circuity 404 may interface with the application circuitry 402 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the RF circuitry 406. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 404 may include a third generation (3G) baseband processor 404a, fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 404b, fifth generation (5G) baseband processor 404c, and/or other baseband processor(s) 404d for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., sixth generation (6G), etc.).

The baseband circuitry 404 (e.g., one or more of baseband processors 404a-d) may handle various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry 406. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding (E/D), radio

frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, modulation/demodulation circuitry of the baseband circuitry 404 may include Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding, and/or constellation mapping/demapping functionality. In some embodiments, E/D circuitry of the baseband circuitry 404 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, and/or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) E/D circuitry functionality.

Embodiments of modulation/demodulation and E/D circuitry functionality are not limited to these examples and may include other suitable functionality in other embodiments.

In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 404 may include elements of a protocol stack such as, for example, elements of an evolved universal mobile

telecommunications service terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) or personal area network (PAN) protocol including, for example, physical (PHY), media access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), and/or radio resource control (RRC) elements. A central processing unit (CPU) 404e of the baseband circuitry 404 may be configured to run elements of the protocol stack for signaling of the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP and/or RRC layers. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may include one or more audio digital signal processor(s) (DSP) 404f. The audio DSP(s) 404f may be include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments.

The baseband circuitry 404 may further include memory/storage 404g.

The memory/storage 404g may be used to load and store data and/or instructions for operations performed by the processors of the baseband circuitry 404. Memory/storage for one embodiment may include any combination of suitable volatile memory and/or nonvolatile memory. The memory/storage 404g may include any combination of various levels of memory/storage including, but not limited to, read-only memory (ROM) having embedded software instructions (e.g., firmware), random access memory (e.g., dynamic random access memory (DRAM)), cache, buffers, etc. The memory/storage 404g may be shared among the various processors or dedicated to particular processors.

Components of the baseband circuitry 404 may be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a same circuit board in some embodiments. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 404 and the application circuitry 402 may be implemented together such as, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC).

In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 404 may provide for

communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 404 may support communication with an EUTRAN and/or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN), etc. Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 404 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry.

In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 404 may be similar to, and substantially interchangeable with, RSTD circuitry 135 and/or 155.

RF circuitry 406 may enable communication with wireless networks

using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In embodiments, the RF circuitry 406 may be similar to transceiver circuitry 120 and/or 140. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry 406 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network. RF circuitry 406 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 408 and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry 404. RF circuitry 406 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up- convert baseband signals provided by the baseband circuitry 404 and provide RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 408 for transmission.

In some embodiments, the RF circuitry 406 may include a receive signal path, which may be similar to receive circuitry 130 or 150, and a transmit signal path, which may be similar to transmit circuitry 125 or 145. The receive signal path of the RF circuitry 406 may include mixer circuitry 406a, amplifier circuitry 406b and filter circuitry 406c. The transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 406 may include filter circuitry 406c and mixer circuitry 406a. RF circuitry 406 may also include synthesizer circuitry 406d for synthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 406a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 406a of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 408 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 406d. The amplifier circuitry 406b may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 406c may be a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals. Output baseband signals may be provided to the baseband circuitry 404 for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signals may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement. In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 406a of the receive signal path may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 406a of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 406d to generate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 408. The baseband signals may be provided by the baseband circuitry 404 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 406c. The filter circuitry 406c may include a low-pass filter (LPF), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 406a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 406a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature downconversion and/or upconversion respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 406a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 406a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 406a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 406a of the transmit signal path may be arranged for direct downconversion and/or direct upconversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 406a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 406a of the transmit signal path may be configured for superheterodyne operation.

In some embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternate embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be digital baseband signals. In these alternate embodiments, the RF circuitry 406 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry 404 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry 406.

In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio integrated circuit (IC) circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 406d may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+l synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuitry 406d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.

The synthesizer circuitry 406d may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 406a of the RF circuitry 406 based on a frequency input and a divider control input. In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 406d may be a fractional N/N+l synthesizer.

In some embodiments, frequency input may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement. Divider control input may be provided by either the baseband circuitry 404 or the applications circuitry 402 depending on the desired output frequency. In some embodiments, a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table based on a channel indicated by the applications circuitry 402.

Synthesizer circuitry 406d of the RF circuitry 406 may include a divider, a delay- locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer and a phase accumulator. In some embodiments, the divider may be a dual modulus divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DP A). In some embodiments, the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by either N or N+l (e.g., based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, the DLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments, the delay elements may be configured to break a VCO period up into Nd equal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.

In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry 406d may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases with respect to each other. In some embodiments, the output frequency may be a LO frequency (fLO). In some embodiments, the RF circuitry 406 may include an IQ/polar converter.

FEM circuitry 408 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 1100, amplify the received signals and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the RF circuitry 406 for further processing. FEM circuitry 408 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by the RF circuitry 406 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 1100.

In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry 408 may include a TX/RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include a low-noise amplifier (LNA) to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 406). The transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 408 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 406), and one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 1100.

In some embodiments, the electronic device 400 may include additional elements such as, for example, memory/storage, display, camera, sensor, and/or input/output (I/O) interface.

In embodiments where the electronic device 400 is, implements, is incorporated into, or is otherwise part of a UE, baseband circuitry 404 may perform operations associated with the UE as described herein. For example, the baseband circuitry 404 may execute the process flow 300 as described in Figure 3. Similarly, in embodiments where the electronic device 400 is, implements, is incorporated into, or otherwise part of an eNB, baseband circuitry 404 may perform operations associated with the eNB as described herein.

Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating components, according to some

example embodiments, able to read instructions from a machine-readable or computer- readable medium (e.g., a machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein (for example, the techniques described with respect to process flow 300 of Figure 3). Specifically, Figure 5 shows a diagrammatic

representation of computer system 500 including one or more processors (or processor cores) 510, one or more computer-readable media 520, and one or more communication resources 530, each of which are communicatively coupled via one or more interconnects 540.

The processors 510 may include one or more central processing unit ("CPUs"), reduced instruction set computing ("RISC") processors, complex instruction set computing ("CISC") processors, graphics processing units ("GPUs"), digital signal processors ("DSPs") implemented as a baseband processor, for example, application specific integrated circuits ("ASICs"), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs), etc. As shown, the processors 510 may include, a processor 512 and a processor 514.

The computer-readable media 520 may be suitable for use to store instructions 550 that cause the computer system 500, in response to execution of the instructions 550 by one or more of the processors 510, to practice selected aspects of the present disclosure described with respect to the UE, an eNB, and/or a location server. In some embodiments, the computer-readable media 520 may be non-transitory. As shown, computer-readable storage medium 520 may include instructions 550. The instructions 550 may be programming instructions or computer program code configured to enable the computer system 500, which may be implemented as the UE 105 or 205, in response to execution of the instructions 550, to implement (aspects of) any of the methods or

elements described throughout this disclosure related to RSTD reporting. In some embodiments, programming instructions 550 may be disposed on computer-readable media 550 that is transitory in nature, such as signals.

Any combination of one or more computer-usable or computer-readable media may be utilized as the computer-readable media 520. The computer-readable media 520 may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable media would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, RAM, ROM, an erasable programmable read-only memory (for example, EPROM, EEPROM, or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a transmission media such as those supporting the Internet or an intranet, or a magnetic storage device. Note that the computer-usable or computer-readable media could even be paper or another

suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be

electronically captured, via, for instance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted, or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory. In the context of this document, a computer-usable or computer-readable media may be any medium that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer-usable media may include a propagated data signal with the computer-usable program code embodied therewith, either in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. The computer-usable program code may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, radio frequency, etc.

Computer program code for carrying out operations of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).

As shown in Figure 5, the instructions 550 may reside, completely or partially, within at least one of the processors 510 (e.g., within the processor's cache memory), the computer-readable media 520, or any suitable combination thereof. Furthermore, any portion of the instructions 550 may be transferred to the computer system 500 from any combination of the peripheral devices 504 and/or the databases 506. Accordingly, the memory of processors 510, the peripheral devices 504, and the databases 506 are additional examples of computer-readable media.

The communication resources 530 may include interconnection and/or

network interface components or other suitable devices to communicate with one or more peripheral devices 504 and/or one or more databases 506 via a network 508. For example, the communication resources 530 may include wired communication components (e.g., for coupling via a Universal Serial Bus (USB)), cellular communication components, Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components. In some embodiments, the communication resources 530 may include a cellular modem to communicate over a cellular network, an Ethernet controller to communicate over an Ethernet network, etc.

In some embodiments, one or more components of the computer system 500 may be included as a part of a UE (for example, UE 105 or 205) or an eNB (for example, eNB 110, 210a, 210b, 210c, and/or 210d). For example, RSTD circuitry 135, RSTD circuitry 155, or baseband circuitry 404 may include processors 510, computer-readable media 520, or communication resources 530 to facilitate operations described above with respect to the UE, eNB, or some other element such as the location server.

The present disclosure is described with reference to flowchart illustrations or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the disclosure. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create a means for

implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement the function/act specified in the flowchart or block diagram block or blocks.

The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart or block diagram block or blocks. Some non-limiting examples are provided below.

Example 1 may include reference signal time difference (RSTD) circuitry for use in a user equipment (UE), the RSTD circuitry to: identify an RSTD measured quantity value; identify a relative quantity value related to a granularity of the RSTD measured quantity value; and facilitate transmission of an indication of the RSTD measured quantity value and an indication of the relative quantity value.

Example 2 may include the RSTD circuitry of example 1, wherein the RSTD measured quantity value is related to a reference signal (RS) transmitted by an evolved NodeB (eNB).

Example 3 may include the RSTD circuitry of example 2, wherein the eNB is a first eNB and the RS is a first RS, and wherein the RSTD measurement is further related to a second RS transmitted by a second eNB.

Example 4 may include the RSTD circuitry of example 2, wherein the RSTD circuitry is further to identify, from receive circuitry to which the RSTD circuitry is coupled, the RS received by the receive circuitry.

Example 5 may include the RSTD circuitry of any of examples 1-4, wherein the RSTD circuitry is further to identify the relative quantity value from a table that includes a plurality of relative quantity values.

Example 6 may include the RSTD circuitry of example 5, wherein the RSTD circuitry is further to identify the relative quantity value based on a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a radio link between the UE and the eNB, a power delay profile related to the radio link, or line of sight between the UE and the eNB.

Example 7 may include the RSTD circuitry of example 5, wherein the RSTD circuitry is further to use a first relative quantity value of the plurality of relative quantity values for a first range of RSTD measured quantity values, and the RSTD circuitry is further to not use the first relative quantity value for a second range of RSTD measured quantity values.

Example 8 may include the RSTD circuitry of example 7, wherein the first range is related to RSTD measured quantity values between -4096 Ts and 4096 Ts.

Example 9 may include the RSTD circuitry of example 7, wherein the first relative quantity value is 0.5 Ts.

Example 10 may include he RSTD circuitry of examples 8 or 9, wherein a Ts is wherein a Ts is 1/(15000 x 2048) seconds. Example 11 may include the RSTD circuitry of examples 8 or 9, wherein a Ts is approximately 9.8 meters.

Example 12 may include the RSTD circuitry of any of examples 1-4, wherein the RSTD circuitry is to use the relative quantity value to indicate a reduction of the granularity of the RSTD measured quantity value.

Example 13 may include one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause a user equipment (UE), upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the UE, to: identify a reference signal time difference (RSTD) measured quantity value related to a time difference between a first reference signal (RS) transmitted by a first evolved NodeB (eNB) and a second RS transmitted by a second e B; select a relative quantity value related to a granularity of the RSTD measured quantity value; and transmit, to the eNB, an indication of the RSTD measured quantity value and an indication of the relative quantity value.

Example 14 may include the one or more computer-readable media of example 13, wherein the relative quantity value is based on a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of a radio link between the UE and the first eNB.

Example 15 may include the one or more computer-readable media of example 13, wherein the relative quantity value is based on a power delay profile related to a radio link between the UE and the first eNB.

Example 16 may include the one or more computer-readable media of example 13, wherein the relative quantity value is based on a line of sight between the UE and the first eNB.

Example 17 may include the one or more computer-readable media of any of examples 13-16, wherein the instructions are to identify the relative quantity value from a table that includes a plurality of relative quantity values.

Example 18 may include the one or more computer-readable media of example 17, wherein the instructions are to use a first relative quantity value of the plurality of relative quantity values for a first range of RSTD measured quantity values, and further to not use the first relative quantity value for a second range of RSTD measured quantity values.

Example 19 may include the one or more computer-readable media of example 18, wherein the first range is related to RSTD measured quantity values between -4096 Ts and 4096 Ts.

Example 20 may include the one or more computer-readable media of example 18, wherein the first relative quantity value is 0.5 Ts. Example 21 may include the one or more computer-readable media of examples 19 or 20, wherein a Ts is wherein a Ts is 1/(15000 x 2048) seconds.

Example 22 may include the one or more computer-readable media of examples 19 or 20, wherein a Ts is approximately 9.8 meters.

Example 23 may include the one or more computer-readable media of example 18, wherein the instructions are further to identify the first range of RSTD measured quantity values and the second range of RSTD measured quantity values based on an indicator received from the first eNB.

Example 24 may include the one or more computer-readable media of any of examples 13-16, wherein the relative quantity value is related to a reduction of the granularity.

Example 25 may include a user equipment (UE) comprising: means to identify a reference signal time difference (RSTD) measured quantity value related to a time difference between a first reference signal (RS) transmitted by a first evolved NodeB (eNB) and a second RS transmitted by a second eNB; means to select a relative quantity value related to a granularity of the RSTD measured quantity value; and means to transmit, to the eNB, an indication of the RSTD measured quantity value and an indication of the relative quantity value.

Example 26 may include the UE of example 25, wherein the relative quantity value is based on a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of a radio link between the UE and the first eNB.

Example 27 may include the UE of example 25, wherein the relative quantity value is based on a power delay profile related to a radio link between the UE and the first eNB.

Example 28 may include the UE of example 25, wherein the relative quantity value is based on a line of sight between the UE and the first eNB.

Example 29 may include the UE of any of examples 25-28, further comprising means to identify the relative quantity value from a table that includes a plurality of relative quantity values.

Example 30 may include the UE of example 29, further comprising means to use a first relative quantity value of the plurality of relative quantity values for a first range of RSTD measured quantity values, and further to not use the first relative quantity value for a second range of RSTD measured quantity values.

Example 31 may include the UE of example 30, wherein the first range is related to RSTD measured quantity values between -4096 Ts and 4096 Ts. Example 32 may include the UE of example 30, wherein the first relative quantity value is 0.5 Ts.

Example 33 may include the UE of examples 31 or 32, wherein a Ts is wherein a Ts is 1/(15000 x 2048) seconds.

Example 34 may include the UE of examples 31 or 32, wherein a Ts is

approximately 9.8 meters.

Example 35 may include the UE of example 30, further comprising means to identify the first range of RSTD measured quantity values and the second range of RSTD measured quantity values based on an indicator received from the first e B.

Example 36 may include the UE of any of examples 25-28, wherein the relative quantity value is related to a reduction of the granularity.

Example 37 may include a method comprising: identifying, by a user equipment (UE), a reference signal time difference (RSTD) measured quantity value related to a time difference between a first reference signal (RS) transmitted by a first evolved NodeB (eNB) and a second RS transmitted by a second eNB; selecting, by the UE, a relative quantity value related to a granularity of the RSTD measured quantity value; and transmitting, by the UE to the eNB, an indication of the RSTD measured quantity value and an indication of the relative quantity value.

Example 38 may include the method of example 37, wherein the relative quantity value is based on a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of a radio link between the UE and the first eNB.

Example 39 may include the method of example 37, wherein the relative quantity value is based on a power delay profile related to a radio link between the UE and the first eNB.

Example 40 may include the method of example 37, wherein the relative quantity value is based on a line of sight between the UE and the first eNB.

Example 41 may include the method of any of examples 37-40, further comprising identifying, by the UE, the relative quantity value from a table that includes a plurality of relative quantity values.

Example 42 may include the method of example 41, further comprising using, by the UE, a first relative quantity value of the plurality of relative quantity values for a first range of RSTD measured quantity values, and not using the first relative quantity value for a second range of RSTD measured quantity values. Example 43 may include the method of example 42, wherein the first range is related to RSTD measured quantity values between -4096 Ts and 4096 Ts.

Example 44 may include the method of example 42, wherein the first relative quantity value is 0.5 Ts.

Example 45 may include the method of examples 43 or 44, wherein a Ts is wherein a Ts is 1/(15000 x 2048) seconds.

Example 46 may include the method of examples 43 or 44, wherein a Ts is approximately 9.8 meters.

Example 47 may include the method of example 42, further comprising identifying, by the UE, the first range of RSTD measured quantity values and the second range of RSTD measured quantity values based on an indicator received from the first eNB.

Example 48 may include the method of any of examples 37-40, wherein the relative quantity value is related to a reduction of the granularity.

The description herein of illustrated implementations, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present disclosure to the precise forms disclosed. While specific implementations and examples are described herein for illustrative purposes, a variety of alternate or equivalent embodiments or implementations calculated to achieve the same purposes may be made in light of the above detailed description, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize.