Background of the Invention A number of methods exist for transferring radio frequency (RF) signals through a window in an automobile. For example, an antenna can be attached to a window using an adhesive, and RF signals can be transferred to an apparatus on the inside of the window using capacitive coupling, slot coupling or aperture coupling. Typically, as is known in the art, the antenna system consists of a transmission line, a coupling device such as a capacitive plate, a slot, or an aperture, a matching circuit between the transmission line and the coupling device, and the antenna itself.

Known coupling methods require matching to the transmission line, that is, the RF signals transferred through the glass must be adapted to the particular transmission line, adding cost to the apparatus. Additionally, there is inherent signal loss due to coupling of approximately 1 dB or more, as well as an insertion loss due to the matching circuit.

Examples of prior vehicle antennas are disclosed in the U. S. Patent Nos.

5,898,408 to Du, 4,882,592 to Studer, Jr. et al., 5,099,251 to Fisher, 4,799,098 to Blaese, 4,266,227 to Blaese, 4,109,251 to MacDougall, 5,850,199 to Wan et al., and 5,898,407 to Paulus et al.

Thus, there is a continuing need to provide an improved antenna system that reduces or eliminates signal loss caused by coupling.

Summary of the Invention Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide an antenna system for the reception of radio signals and transmission of the radio signals to a radio receiver where the radio signal is transmitted over a transmission line without signal losses caused by coupling.

Another object of the invention is to provide an antenna system for the reception of radio signals and the transmission of the radio signals to a radio receiver where a transmission line electrically connects an externally mounted antenna to the radio receiver.

Another object of the invention is to provide a transmission line carried by a window clip where an outside end of the transmission line is electrically connectable to an externally mounted antenna and an interior end of the transmission line is connectable to a radio receiver.

In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, an antenna assembly includes a clip having and inside portion and an outside portion and adapted for removably attaching to an edge surface; a transmission line carried by the clip and extending from the inside portion to the outside portion; an inside connector attached to an inside end of the transmission line; an outside connector attached to an outside end of the transmission line; and an antenna attached to the outside connector.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a mobile satellite radio receiver system includes a clip adapted to removably attach to an edge surface, the clip having an inside portion and an outside portion; a transmission line carried by the clip and extending from the inside portion to the outside portion; an antenna adapted to removably attach to an outside end of the transmission line; a mobile satellite radio receiver; and a coaxial cable adapted to be removably attached at one end to an inside end of the transmission line and at an opposite end to the mobile satellite radio receiver.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method for coupling a satellite radio signal to a vehicle interior includes providing an antenna for receiving satellite radio signals; coupling the antenna to a transmission line; routing the transmission line over a window edge of the vehicle; and coupling a vehicle interior end of the transmission line to a satellite radio receiver.

Brief Description of the Drawings Referring now to the drawings, which form a part of the original disclosure:: Fig. 1 depicts an antenna attached to a side window of an automobile m accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

Fig, 2 is a perspective view from the outside of the automobile of the antenna shown in Fig. 1 attached to a clip which is mounted on the window edge; Fig. 3 is a perspective view from the inside of the automobile of the clip shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a cross-section of the antenna assembly taken along line 4-4 of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is an exploded view of the antenna assembly; Fig. 6 is a plan view of the antenna with helical elements; Fig. 7 is a close-up plan view of the phase-shift network; and Fig. 8 shows another embodiment of the present invention where the antenna is attachable to the automobile roof and is connected to the clip by means of a cable.

Throughout the drawing figures, like reference numerals will be understood to refer to like parts and components.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment As seen in FIGS. 1-7, the antenna assembly 10 in accordance with the invention comprises a holder or clip 12 mounted on a vehicle window 14, a transmission line 16 received in the clip 12, an outside connector 18 and an inside connector 20 received in the clip 12, the outside and inside connectors 18,20 being electrically connected to the transmission line 16, and an antenna 22 electrically connected to the outside connector 18. An inside transmission line cable 24 is connected at a first inside transmission line cable end 26 to the inside connector 20 and at a second inside transmission line cable end 28 to a radio receiver 30.

The clip 12 is substantially U-shaped having an open end 32 and a closed end 34.

The open end 32 of the clip 12 has an inside portion 36 and an outside portion 38. The edge 40 of the window 14 is received by the open end 32 of the clip 12, resulting in the outside portion 38 being in contact with the exterior surface 42 of the window 14 and the inside portion 36 being in contact with the inside surface 44 of the window 14. The clip 12 is held in place on the window 14 by resilient pressure between the inside portion 36

and the outside portion 38, but may also be held in place using magnetic force, suction, adhesive, glue, or clamping the inside and outside portions 36,38 to the window 14. In the preferred embodiment, magnets 46 are placed in anti-polar relationship in each of the inside and outside portions 36,38 such that magnetic attraction assists in forcing the inside and outside portions 36,38 to grip the inside and outside surfaces 42,44 of the window 14 as the magnets are attracted to each other. The magnets 46 can be any magnetized material known in the art having sufficient size and strength to maintain an attractive force through the window 14.

The clip 12 can be fabricated from plastic, or any other material that can maintain a rigid or semi-rigid U-shape while having adequate flexible properties to ensure that the open end 32 of the clip 12 can pass over the window edge 40 and maintain an adequate holding force without the use of special tools. For example, the clip 12 can be fabricated from plastic or metal coated with a cushioning material to prevent damage to the window 14 or window edge 40, and can be fabricated in layers 48,50 of the same or compatible materials. When the clip 12 is fabricated from layers 48,50, pockets 52 are formed to contain magnets 46. The transmission line 16 is preferably placed between the layers 48, 50 to protect the transmission line 16 from destructive environmental forces, for example, crimping, cutting, abrasion, corrosion, and the like.

The transmission line 16 is fabricated from two planar lines 54 as shown in Figs 2-5. The transmission line 16 can be prefabricated 50 ohm metal line known in the art that is covered by an insulative material, not shown. In the preferred embodiment, each line 54 is approximately 2 mm wide and separated by approximately 0.2 mm. The transmission line 16 can also be a microstrip line or a strip line known in the art. The transmission line 16 can be attached to the clip 12 using means known in the art, for example, glue, adhesive, tape, coated twisted wire, clips, clamps, staples, and the like.

Inside and outside connectors 56,58 each have a transmission line connector end 60 and a coaxial connector end 62. The transmission line connector end 60 is attached to a flange 64 which allows for both electrical connection to the transmission line 16 and for

retention of the connectors within the clip 12. The inside end of the transmission line 16 is electrically connected to the inside transmission line connector end 60 of the inside connector 56, and the outside end of the transmission line 16 is electrically connected to the outside transmission line connector end 60 of the outside connector 58. The flange portions 64 of the connectors 56,58 give each connector a point of attachment to the clip 12. When the clip 12 is multilayer, the flange portion 64 is positioned between the layers 48,50, shown in Fig. 5. The coaxial connector end 62 of the connectors 56,58 protrude through the outer layer 50 of the clip 12, allowing a user to connect the inside transmission line cable 24 to the coaxial connector portion 60 of the inside connector 56 and the antenna 22 to the outside coaxial connector portion 60 of the outside connector 58. Alternatively, the inside connector 56 can be eliminated and the inside transmission line cable 24 can be hard-wired directly to the inside end of the transmission line 16, for example, by soldering.

The antenna 22 is any radio antenna known in the art, approximately six inches or longer and a diameter of about one-fourth inch to about one-half inch, for receiving radio broadcast transmissions from a satellite. The antenna 22 can be, for example, a short stub antenna encased in plastic, for example, LEXAN, or a longer whip antenna, tuned to receive radio signals from about 2.3 GHz to about 2.7 GHz, also known as the S-band.

The antenna 22 can be used to receive satellite digital audio radio service (SDARS), a satellite broadcast service recently established by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), in a vehicle, operating in the 2.3 GHz to 2.4 GHz range.

The antenna 22 may be a quadrifilar antenna, for example, the type used for the Global Positioning Satellite System (GPS) and known in the art. The antenna 22 may be circularly polarized, preferably left-hand circularly polarized. Alternatively, the antenna 22 can be a dipole antenna, also known in the art. When the antenna 22 is a dipole antenna, it is preferable that the antenna 22 be vertically polarized.

The antenna 22 is preferably omnidirectional in an elevation plane between approximately 20 degrees to 60 degrees from the horizontal. The gain, G, of the antenna

22 is preferably greater than 3 dBi, and the gain to equivalent noise temperature ratio, G/T, is preferably greater than approximately-20 dB/K. The voltage standing wave ratio, VSWR, preferably has a value of about 2 or less, more preferably about 1.5 or less, where 1 is a perfect 50 ohm antenna.

At one end of the antenna 22 is an antenna mounting connector 66. The antenna mounting connector 66 attaches the antenna 22 to the clip 12, using, for example, a snap fit, a screw-on attachment, or any other attachment means known in the art. Attaching and removing the antenna 22 to the clip 12 preferably does not require special tools.

However, a screwdriver or pliers can be utilized by the user depending on the attachment means to expedite the attachment or removal process. The amount of holding power of the antenna mounting connector 66 to the clip 12 should be sufficient to maintain the attachment of the antenna 22 to the clip 12 during normal driving conditions, for example, on a vehicle traveling at up to about 75 mph with wind gusts of up to about 40 mph.

The antenna mounting connector 66 also houses an antenna electrical connector 68 for electrically connecting the antenna 22 with the outside transmission line connector 58. The antenna electrical connector 68 can be any electrical connector known in the art, for example, coaxial or any other 50 ohm transmission line connector. The antenna mounting connector 66 and the antenna electrical connector 68 are preferably adapted to allow a user to connect and reconnect the antenna 22 from the clip 12 without using special tools.

When the antenna is a quadrifilar antenna, a phase-shift network 70 is mounted on the antenna 22. Fig. 6 shows four helical elements 72 of the phase-shift network 70 wrapped around the antenna 22. The phase-shift network 70 is necessary for the reception of the circularly polarized satellite signal and subsequent transmission of the signal to the transmission line 16, as known in the art.

When fully assembled, the antenna 22 is mounted to the clip 12. The antenna 22 is also electrically connected to the outside end of the transmission line 16. The inside end of the transmission line 16 is connected to the first inside transmission line cable end

28, allowing transfer of RF signals from the antenna 22 mounted outside the vehicle 74 to the inside of the vehicle 74. The second inside transmission line cable end 28 is connected to a radio receiver 30, transferring the RF signals to the radio receiver 30 for conversion to audio. The radio receiver 30 can be an SDARS receiver when the RF signals received by the antenna 22 are from a digital satellite audio broadcast.

In a second embodiment, shown in Fig. 8, the antenna 22 is not physically attached to the clip 12. Instead, the antenna 22 is electrically connected to the transmission line connector 58 protruding from the clip 12. The antenna 22 can be any antenna described above, and is attached to a portion of the vehicle 74, for example, the roof, trunk, fender, or windshield. The antenna 22 is mounted to the vehicle 74 using any means known in the art, for example, an adhesive, magnetic attraction, a screw-on connection, and the like. An exterior transmission cable 76, such as a coaxial cable, connects the antenna 22 to the outside end of the transmission line 16 on the clip 12. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 8, the antenna 22 is attached to a mounting unit 78.

Mounting unit 78 has a magnet of sufficient strength to hold the mounting unit 78 and the antenna 22 to a metallic surface 80 on the vehicle, and to remain attached to the vehicle while moving at a speeds up to about 75 mph and wind gusts up to about 40 mph. The RF signals are then transferred to the interior of the vehicle 74 and the radio receiver 30 in the same manner described above. Thus, the antenna 22 is attached to the vehicle 74 at a location most advantageous to the reception of RF signals, for example, the roof or other high position on a vehicle, which is particularly advantageous when the RF signals emanate from a satellite. With the antenna at a relatively high location, signal blockage such as multipath from environmental obstructions, for example buildings and trees, can be reduced.

While advantageous embodiments have been chosen to illustrate the invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.