FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to mobile communication and, more

particularly to facilitating cellular vehicle to everything (V2X) communications.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Mobile communication, including cellular communication, involves the transfer of data between mobile devices. The use of mobile communication is continuously increasing. Additionally, the bandwidth or amount of data used for mobile

communications is continuously increasing.

[0003] One type of mobile communication includes vehicle communication, where vehicles communicate or exchange vehicle related information. The vehicle

communication can include vehicle to everything (V2X), which includes vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle to pedestrian (V2P).

[0004] In some situations, vehicle related information is intended for a single vehicle or other entity. In other situations, such as emergency alerts, vehicle related

information is intended for a large number of vehicles and/or other entities. The emergency alerts can include collision warnings, control loss warnings, and the like.

[0005] A suitable technique to provide vehicle related information to multiple vehicles and/or other entities is needed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement for vehicle communications.

[0007] Fig. 2 is an example of a suitable system parameters for use with emergency services broadcast configurations in accordance with an embodiment.

[0008] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a suitable resource allocation grid for use with emergency services broadcast configurations in accordance with an embodiment.

[0009] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a suitable subframe structure for use with emergency services broadcast configurations in accordance with an

embodiment. [0010] Fig. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of transmitting emergency services information in accordance with an embodiment.

[0011] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating determined transmission resources for a broadcast of emergency services information.

[0012] Fig. 7 is a graph illustrating a success ratio for an emergency services broadcast using a vUE arrangement in accordance with an embodiment.

[0013] Fig. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of operating a vehicle user equipment (vUE) for vehicle communications.

[0014] Fig. 9 illustrates example components of a vehicle User Equipment (vUE) device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The present disclosure will now be described with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout, and wherein the illustrated structures and devices are not necessarily drawn to scale. As utilized herein, terms "component," "system," "interface," and the like are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, hardware, software (e.g., in execution), and/or firmware. For example, a component can be a processor (e.g., a

microprocessor, a controller, or other processing device), a process running on a processor, a controller, an object, an executable, a program, a storage device, a computer, a tablet PC, an electronic circuit and/or a mobile phone with a processing device. By way of illustration, an application running on a server and the server can also be a component. One or more components can reside within a process, and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. A set of elements or a set of other components can be described herein, in which the term "set" can be interpreted as "one or more."

[0016] Further, these components can execute from various computer readable storage media having various data structures stored thereon such as with a module, for example. The components can communicate via local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network, such as, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, or similar network with other systems via the signal). [0017] As another example, a component can be an apparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric or electronic circuitry, in which the electric or electronic circuitry can be operated by a software application or a firmware application executed by one or more processors. The one or more processors can be internal or external to the apparatus and can execute at least a part of the software or firmware application. As yet another example, a component can be an apparatus that provides specific functionality through electronic components without mechanical parts; the electronic components can include one or more processors therein to execute software and/or firmware that confer(s), at least in part, the functionality of the electronic components.

[0018] Use of the word exemplary is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, the term "or" is intended to mean an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or". That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from context, "X employs A or B" is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then "X employs A or B" is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition, the articles "a" and "an" as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean "one or more" unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms "including", "includes", "having", "has", "with", or variants thereof are used in either the detailed description and the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term

"comprising".

[0019] As used herein, the term "circuitry" may refer to, be part of, or include an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable in hardware.

[0020] One type of mobile communication includes vehicle communications, where vehicles communicate or exchange vehicle related information. The vehicle

communications generally include Vehicle to everything (V2X), which includes Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle to pedestrian (V2P). For V2X communications, a vehicle can utilize unicast and/or broadcast communications.

[0021] For unicast, one vehicle entity sends or receives information from another vehicle entity, such as another vehicle, infrastructure, pedestrian and the like. A vehicle entity includes a vehicle, infrastructure, pedestrian and the like. V2V point to point transmissions can be used to exchange information between vehicle entities.

[0022] For broadcast, a vehicle entity broadcasts or sends information to many vehicle entities. Here, a single vehicle sends information to multiple entities, such as vehicles, infrastructure, pedestrians and the like.

[0023] The vehicle entities include a user equipment (UE), referred to as vehicle UE (vUE). The vUE is user equipment associated with a vehicle entity. The vUE is involved in vehicle unicast and/or broadcast of vehicle related information.

[0024] The broadcast by a vUE can include emergency information, such as collision detection, location of emergence services and the like. A key factor in the

dissemination of emergency information is that the information is received and that the received information is accurate.

[0025] Embodiments and variations thereof are disclosed that faceplate the broadcast of vehicle information by vehicle entities.

[0026] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement 100 for vehicle

communications. The arrangement 100, which can also be an apparatus, facilitates broadcast communications by enhancing reliability and accuracy to broadcasted information. The vehicle communications include broadcasts of emergency services information.

[0027] The arrangement 100 includes a vehicle user equipment (vUE) 102, a transceiver 106, and vehicle/transport entities 120. Although not shown, other components such as a packet gateway (PGW), a secondary gateway (SGW), a mobility management entity (MME), a packet data network (PDN), UEs, evolved Node B, and the like can be included.

[0028] The vUE 102 includes the transceiver 106, a storage component 1 18, and control circuitry or controller 104. The storage component 1 18 includes a memory, storage element and the like and is configured to store information for the vUE 1 02. The controller 104 is configured to perform various operations associated with the vUE 102. The controller 1 04 can include logic, components, circuitry, one or more processors and the like. The transceiver 106 includes transmitter functionality and receiver functionality. The vUE 102 also includes one or more antenna 1 08 for communications, which includes emergency services broadcast communications 1 14 with the vehicle entities 120.

[0029] The vehicle entities 120 include one or more pedestrians 122, infrastructure entities 1 24, vehicle entities 126 and the like. The communications between the vUE 102 and the vehicle entities 120 includes Vehicle to everything (V2X), which includes Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle to pedestrian (V2P). The entities 1 20 can also include a road side unit (RSU), which is an entity that supports V2I and is implemented in an eNodeB or a stationary UE.

[0030] The vehicle communications between the vUE 102 and the vehicle entities 120 utilize co-operative awareness that includes information from other vehicles, sensors and the like, to process and share the information to provide vehicle services such as collision warning, autonomous driving, and the like.

[0031] The V2V communications are between vUEs that are in proximity of each other using or served by an evolved universal terrestrial access network (E-UTRAN). The proximity criteria can be configured by an entity such as a mobile network operator (MNO).

[0032] The V2I communications include application layer information to RSUs. The RSU sends application layer information to a group of UEs. The V2I also includes vehicle to network (V2N) where one party of the communications is a vUE or UE and the other party is a serving entity, where both support V2N applications.

[0033] The V2P communications are between distinct UEs, including vUEs and pedestrian associated UEs, where one UE is for each. The V2P communications include V2P related application information.

[0034] The emergency services information includes V2X communications and uses including, but not limited to, forward collision warning, control loss warning, V2V emergency vehicle warning, V2V emergency stop use case, V2I emergency stop use, wrong way driving warning, pre-crash sensing warning, warning against pedestrian collision, and the like.

[0035] The vUE 102 is configured to broadcast the emergency services information 1 14 using an emergency services configuration(s) that can include a frame structure, a subframe structure, a transmission procedure, a receive procedure, a resource allocation, transmission power control determination, a modulation coding scheme (MCS) level determination and the like. [0036] The vUE 102 is configured to obtain, select or determine a success ratio for a broadcast of the emergency services information. The success ratio is a ratio based on successfully received broadcasts over received broadcasts by entities 120 within a region or proximity of the vUE 1 02. Examples of suitable success ratios include 1 , 90 percent, 80 percent and the like. The success ratio can be determined or obtained based on a number of bits in the broadcast, proximity of neighboring vUEs, traffic conditions, vehicle speeds, and the like. The success ratio can be based on a simulation, past results and the like.

[0037] The success ratio can also be based on an expected or threshold amount. For example, a threshold could be set to cover at least 80 percent of the vUEs within a selected proximity and the obtained success ratio can be required to meet that threshold.

[0038] The emergency services configuration facilitates reliable transmission and receipt of the emergency services information. The reliability can be indicated by the success ratio and on other factors including latency and the like. The emergency services information is provided with a low or selected latency. In one example, the vUE 102 transmits emergency services information within 20 mili-seconds, the percentage of 120 entities, including other vUEs that accurately receive the emergency services information, should be at or above 95 percent.

[0039] The emergency services configuration includes transmission resources, a frame structure design, a transmit power for the broadcast, and a subframe structure, and the like.

[0040] The frame structure has parameters including sampling rate, frame length, subframe length, subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix length and are based on the obtained success ratio. Typically, the subcarrier spacing is higher, such as 30 kHz or 60 kHz.

[0041] The transmission resources include a physical resource allocation (PRA) unit having a number of symbols and subcarriers. The number of symbols and subcarriers is the size of the PRA unit and is typically selected for a smaller size and higher granularity than LTE resource units.

[0042] The transmission resources also include selected repetitions of the broadcasted information and/or a repetition rate. The repetitions can enhance reliability in case of interference, noise, and the like. The repetitions can include repetitions in the time domain and/or frequency domain. The repetition can be in separate frames, within a frame, in separate subframes, and the like. The number of repetitions and whether the repetitions are within separate frames, within a frame, in separate subframes and the like is based at least partially on the obtained success ratio.

[0043] The subframe includes a control channel and a data channel. The control channel includes control information for decoding and obtaining the broadcasted emergency services information from the downlink channel.

[0044] The transmit power is selected based on the success ratio. In one example, the transmit power is set to a highest level. In another example, the transmit power is set to a value that can result in the obtained success ratio.

[0045] Examples and additional descriptions of parameters or characteristics used within the emergency services configuration are provided below.

[0046] The vUE 102 is also configured for other communications, including unitary communcations with other vehicle entities. The communications can include receiving broadcasts from other vUEs, feedback that indicates reception quality for the broadcast from other vUEs, and the like. The vUE 1 02 can be configured to transmit and receive concurrently.

[0047] Fig. 2 is an example of a suitable system parameters 200 for use with emergency services broadcast configurations in accordance with an embodiment. The system parameters 200 are provided for illustrative purposes and it is appreciated that suitable variations are contemplated. The system parameters 200 can be used with the arrangement 100 and variations thereof.

[0048] The system parameters 200 includes parameters including a sampling rate, frame length, subframe length, subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix (CP) length. These parameters are configured to facilitate emergency services broadcasts. The system parameters 200 can include or be referred to as a frame structure.

[0049] V2V communications typically have relatively high frequency variations in the channel. The high frequency variations are generally a result of velocities or speed of a vehicle in which a vUE is located. There can also be channel variations due to interference from other components of the vehicle. One approach to compensate for the channel variations is to increase the subcarrier spacing to about 30 kila Hertz (kHz) or about 60 kHz from the 15 kHz typically used for LTE. A symbol length is scaled down according to the increased subcarrier spacing. The subframe length can be scaled to be below 1 mili second (ms), such as 0.5 ms or 0.25 ms. Alternately, the subframe length can be set to 1 ms for compliance with standards, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE).

[0050] A symbol number N _s ^s "^o" ^me within one subframe will double if the subcarrier spacing is set to 30 kHz and it will become four times as large if the subcarrier spacing is set to 60 kHz.

[0051] For V2V communications, a longer CP can be used to mitigate inter symbol interferences.

[0052] Some example parameters for the parameters 200 include a sampling rate of 30.72 kHz, a frame length of 10 ms, a subframe length of 1 ms, subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz or 60 kHz and a CP length of 16 samples or 64 samples. It is appreciated that other suitable parameters can be used for the frame 200.

[0053] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a suitable resource allocation grid 300 for use with emergency services broadcast configurations in accordance with an embodiment. The resource allocation grid 300 is provided for illustrative purposes and it is appreciated that suitable variations are contemplated. The resource allocation 300 can be used with the arrangement 100 and variations thereof.

[0054] Resource allocation is based on a physical resource allocation (PRA) unit. The PRA unit occupies N^ _bol symbols and N^ _bcarrier subcarriers. For comparison,

LTE uses 7 symbols and 12 subcarriers. The PRA unit for the emergency services broadcast configuration is substantially smaller, which enhances reliability. The diagram depicts symbols along an x-axis and subcarriers along a y-axis. Each square is a resource element specific to a combination of a symbol and subcarrier.

[0055] A first example 301 is a PRA that has one symbol with 12 subcarriers and occupying 12 resource elements. Thus, N^ _bol = 1 and N^ _bcarrier = 12 . The PRA is shown along a first column of a resource block of resource elements.

[0056] A second example 302 is a PRA that has 4 symbols and 3 subcarriers and also occupies 12 resource elements. Thus, N^ _bol = 4 and Nj?™ _carrier = 3 . The PRA is shown along a first column of a resource block of resource elements.

[0057] The resource allocation uses smaller PRAs to increase granularity and enhance reliability. It is appreciated that other suitable configurations and sizes of PRA units are contemplated.

[0058] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a suitable subframe structure

400 for use with emergency services broadcast configurations in accordance with an embodiment. The subframe structure 400 is provided for illustrative purposes and it is appreciated that suitable variations are contemplated. The subframe structure 400 can be used with the arrangement 100 and variations thereof.

[0059] The subframe 400 includes a control channel 402 and a data channel 404. The subframe length is specified in a frame structure, such as the frame structure 300 described above.

[0060] The control channel 402 is used for broadcasting downlink control information for data reception from one vUE to neighboring vUEs and/or UEs. The control information includes information needed by a receiving UE to decode and/or otherwise obtain the broadcasted information from the data channel 404.

[0061] The control information typically includes modulation and coding scheme (MCS) index and cyclic redundancy check (CRC). The control information is scrambled with a vUE broadcast temporary (temp) identification (ID). The broadcast temp ID is selected from a broadcast ID pool when broadcast information is available for transmission. Other information can also be included.

[0062] The control information is transmitted in the first N^ _bol symbols. The occupied or used subcarriers are determined in the transmission procedure. A controller or other vUE component can be configured to generate the control channel, including scrambling or encoding the broadcast temp ID. In one example, the broadcast ID pool is maintained external to the transmitting vUE at an entity, such as an eNodeB.

[0063] The data channel is used for broadcasting downlink data from one vUE to all its neighboring vUEs. The data channel occupies the rest of the symbols of the subframe and at the same frequency resource as a the control channel. The receiving UE is configured to use the control information to obtain the broadcasted downlink data from the data channel.

[0064] Fig. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 500 of transmitting emergency services information in accordance with an embodiment. The method 500 can utilize the arrangement 1 00 and variations thereof to perform the method 500.

[0065] The transmission process or method 500 generates a transmission for other UEs and vUEs within the proximity of a sending or transmitting vUE. The transmission is generated to have high accuracy and reliability.

[0066] A controller of a transmitting vUE determines transmission resources for a transmission at block 502. The determination identifies the resources for transmission, repetitions, and also includes when and where to transmit. [0067] The control information occupies n subcarriers, denoted as nN _s ^v _ubcarrier for transmission, without considering repetition. The n subcarriers can be selected as PRAs. In one example, n continuous PRAs are selected for the control information and are referred to as a PRA block. Additional PRAs are selected for the data channel, which included the emergency services broadcast information.

[0068] To enhance reliability, repetition or a number of repetitions is selected. In one example, the controller is configured to select the repetition to obtain a level of reliability form other vUEs within a defined location or proximity. The repetition include repetition in the time domain and/or frequency domain. The selected repetition can be within a frame, where the transmitting vUE randomly chooses x subframes for transmission and repetition. In another example, the vUE repeats transmission of the information in y continuous frames and randomly selects a subframe for each of the frames. The selected repetition can also include repetition in a subframe, including the frequency domain, where the vUE randomly selects z PRA blocks. Generally, the resources for repetition are selected randomly and independent of a previous transmission.

[0069] Thus, x is the number of subframes for transmission within one frame. Thus, if x=2, two subframes are selected to transmit or repeat the same information. The parameter y denotes the number of frames chosen for transmission. Thus, if y=2, two continues frames are chosen for transmission and each of those frames includes x subframes selected for transmission. The parameter z describes repetition in the frequency domain. Thus, if z=2, two PRA blocks are selected for transmission within a single subframe. In this example, the two PRA blocks include or repeat the same information.

[0070] The vUE determines a transmit power for the transmission at block 504. The transmit power is also selected to obtain a level of reliability. Generally, higher power is needed to broadcast of information than to unicast of information. Thus, in one example, the vUE sets transmission power to a highest level for the transmission. In another example, the vUE sets transmission power to a level higher than the level used for a unicast transmission. In another example, the vUE sets transmission power to a level that meets a selected level of reliability.

[0071] It may not be possible to provide channel state information to all the nearby vUEs, so closed loop power control does not need to be used.

[0072] In one example, the transmission power is selected to provide suitable power for each PRA or resource element. If the transmission power, assumed her to be a maximum transmission power is denoted as P _max , then the power for each resource element (RE) during transmission is— _p < ^ax , where n is the number of PRA

n^ subcarrier* ^Z

subcarriers and z is the number of PRA blocks.

[0073] The vUE determines a modulation coding scheme (MCS) level at block 506. In one example, the MCS level is determined based on statistical information. In another example, the MCS level is based on a simulation given service requirement and a traffic model to determine the probability of successful reception. Other suitable techniques for determining the MCS level are contemplated.

[0074] The vUE broadcasts emergency services information at block 508 using the determined transmission resources, the determined transmission power level and the determined MCS level.

[0075] Receiver vUEs receive the transmission and decode the transmission to obtain the emergency services information. The receiver vUEs can use techniques such as successive interference cancelation (SIC) to improve decoding performance.

[0076] It is appreciated that the broadcasting vUE can also receive unitary or broadcast transmissions, including transmissions received at the same time as the vUE broadcasts the emergency services information.

[0077] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating determined transmission resources 600 for a broadcast of emergency services information. The resources 600 are shown in a grid and provided for illustrative purposes. It is appreciated that suitable variations are contemplated.

[0078] Each grid/box denotes one subframe in time and one PRA in frequency. Time is depicted along an x-axis and subframes are depicted along a y-axis. If a PRA unit is based on the example 301 shown above, it utilizes for 12 subcarriers. If a PRA unit is based on the example 302 shown above, it utilizes for 3 subcarriers. Other PRA unit configurations are contemplated.

[0079] Parameters x, y and z are used. The parameter x is the number of subframes for transmission within one frame. The parameter y denotes the number of frames chosen for transmission. The parameter z describes repetition in the frequency domain. The examples provided have a bandwidth of , thus the four boxes or grids along the y-axis and subcarriers along the x-axis. Each box denotes a resource with ^N symbo7 ^ne symbols and N™ _carrier subcarriers. The filled boxes/grids are the selected resources used for broadcasting. [0080] As shown above, a vUE determines transmission resources by selecting subframes, continuous frames and PRA blocks. The subframes are denoted as x, the continuous frames are denoted as y and the PRA blocks are denoted as x. The selected repetition can be within a frame, where the transmitting vUE randomly chooses x subframes for transmission and repetition. The repetition can also be in continuous frames and randomly choose a subframe for each of the frames. The selected repetition can also include repetition in a subframe, including the frequency domain, where the vUE randomly selects z PRA blocks.

[0081] Transmission resources 601 is an example where x=2, y=1 and z=1 .

Here, two subframes, one frame and one resource in the frequency domain are used as shown.

[0082] Transmission resources 602 is an example where x=1 , y=1 and z=1 . Thus, one subframe, one frame, and one resource in the frequency domain are used.

[0083] Transmission resources 603 is an example where x=2, y=1 and z=2. Two subframes, one frame and two resources in the frequency domain are used.

[0084] Transmission resources 604 is an example where x=1 , y=1 and z=2. One subframe, one frame and two resources in the frequency domain are used.

[0085] Generally, the values for x, y, z, n and MCS level are determined based on selected reliability or service requirements. The values are also based on system parameters of a vUE, such as maximum transmission power.

[0086] In one example, a vUE is in a vehicle traveling on a freeway. This example is provided with values for illustrative purposes. It is appreciated that other values can be used. The freeway vUE speed is 140 km/h and the transmission power is P _max = 23dBm. A PRA is defined as shown by example 302 of Fig. 3, where N^ _bol = 4,

^N subcarrier ^{= 3} )- ^Tne bandwidth is 20MHz and the subcarrier spacing is 60kHz. The bandwidth is divided into 100 PRAs.

[0087] Fig. 7 is a graph 700 illustrating a success ratio for an emergency services broadcast using a vUE arrangement in accordance with an embodiment. The graph is for the freeway vUE example.

[0088] The graph 700 includes an x-axis depicting number of bits used for the emergency services broadcast and a y-axis depicting a success ratio.

[0089] Each PRA block contains two PRA. The example includes using 1 transmit antenna, 4 receive antennas and 1 stream, x=1 , z =1 and y = 1 . Latency is at 10 ms or 20 ms. [0090] A line 701 depicts the relationship between the number of bits and the probability of successful reception of the broadcasted emergency services information using an arrangement, such as the arrangement 100. Generally, the probability of successful reception decreases with the number of bits used for the transmission. An MCS level corresponds with the probability of successful reception or success ratio.

[0091] The success ratio stays high, near 1 , even with a high MCS level, such as one using 64 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with 5/6 coding rate.

[0092] In some examples, packet sizes show to be between about 190 bytes to 300 bytes for emergency services information. For these sizes, the vUE arrangement 1 00 provides a high probability of success or success ratio.

[0093] Fig. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 800 of operating a vehicle user equipment (vUE) for vehicle communications. The communications includes broadcasts of emergency services information.

[0094] The method 800 can be used with the arrangement 100 and variations thereof.

[0095] A vUE obtains emergency services information at block 802. The emergency services information includes V2X communications and uses including, but not limited to, forward collision warning, control loss warning, V2V emergency vehicle warning, V2V emergency stop use case, V2I emergency stop use, wrong way driving warning, pre-crash sensing warning, warning against pedestrian collision, and the like.

[0096] The vUE can be within or part of a vehicle and its electronics system. The vUE may travel at typical vehicle velocities. Additionally, the vUE can utilize V2X, V2V, V2I communications and the like.

[0097] The vUE obtains a success ratio for a broadcast of the emergency services information at block 804. The success ratio can be determined based on a number of bits in the broadcast, proximity of neighboring vUEs, traffic conditions, vehicle speeds, and the like. The success ratio can be based on a simulation, past results and the like.

[0098] The success ratio can also be based on an expected or threshold amount. For example, a threshold could be set to cover at least 80 percent of the vUEs within a selected proximity and the obtained success ratio can be required to meet that threshold.

[0099] The vUE determines an emergency services configuration for the broadcast of the emergency services information at block 806. The emergency services configuration includes transmission resources, a system parameters, a transmit power for the broadcast, and a subframe structure.

[00100] The system parameters, including a frame structure, has parameters including sampling rate, frame length, subframe length, subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix length and are based on the obtained success ratio. Typically, the subcarrier spacing is higher, such as 30 kHz or 60 kHz.

[00101 ] The transmission resources include a physical resource allocation (PRA) unit having a number of symbols and subcarriers. The number of symbols and subcarriers is the size of the PRA unit and is typically selected for a smaller size and higher granularity than LTE resource units.

[00102] The transmission resources also include selected repetitions of the broadcasted information and/or a repetition rate. The repetitions can enhance reliability in case of interference, noise, and the like. The repetitions can include repetitions in the time domain and/or frequency domain. The repetition can be in separate frames, within a frame, in separate subframes, and the like. The number of repetitions and whether the repetitions are within separate frames, within a frame, in separate subframes and the like is based at least partially on the obtained success ratio.

[00103] The subframe includes a control channel and a data channel. The control channel includes control information for decoding and obtaining the broadcasted emergency services information from the downlink channel.

[00104] The transmit power is selected based on the success ratio. In one example, the transmit power is set to a highest level. In another example, the transmit power is set to a value that can result in the obtained success ratio.

[00105] The vUE broadcasts the emergency services information at block 808 using the determined emergency services configuration. The broadcast transmission is sent and receivable by entities within the vUE's proximity.

[00106] A plurality of receiving vUEs receive and decode the broadcast to obtain the emergency services information at block 810. The receiving vUEs utilize control information from a control channel of a received frame to obtain and decode the emergency services information. It is appreciated that the vUE can also receive unitary or broadcast transmissions, including transmissions received at the same time as the vUE broadcasts the emergency services information.

[00107] While the methods described within this disclosure are illustrated in and described herein as a series of acts or events, it will be appreciated that the illustrated ordering of such acts or events are not to be interpreted in a limiting sense. For example, some acts may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts or events apart from those illustrated and/or described herein. In addition, not all illustrated acts may be required to implement one or more aspects or embodiments of the description herein. Further, one or more of the acts depicted herein may be carried out in one or more separate acts and/or phases.

[00108] Embodiments described herein can be implemented into a system using any suitably configured hardware and/or software. FIG. 9 illustrates, for one embodiment, example components of a User Equipment (UE) device 900. The UE device 900 can also be a vUE. In some embodiments, the UE device 900 (e.g., the wireless

communication device) can include application circuitry 902, baseband circuitry 904, Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 906, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 908 and one or more antennas 910, coupled together at least as shown.

[00109] The application circuitry 902 can include one or more application processors. For example, the application circuitry 902 can include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processor(s) can include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.). The processors can be coupled with and/or can include memory/storage and can be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications and/or operating systems to run on the system.

[00110] The baseband circuitry 904 can include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The baseband circuitry 904 can include one or more baseband processors and/or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receive signal path of the RF circuitry 906 and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 906. Baseband processing circuity 904 can interface with the application circuitry 902 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the RF circuitry 906. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 904 can include a second generation (2G) baseband processor 904a, third generation (3G) baseband processor 904b, fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 904c, and/or other baseband processor(s) 904d for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., fifth generation (5G), 6G, etc.). The baseband circuitry 904 (e.g., one or more of baseband processors 904a-d) can handle various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry 906. The radio control functions can include, but are not limited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, modulation/demodulation circuitry of the baseband circuitry 904 can include Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding, and/or constellation

mapping/demapping functionality. In some embodiments, encoding/decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry 904 can include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, and/or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality.

Embodiments of modulation/demodulation and encoder/decoder functionality are not limited to these examples and can include other suitable functionality in other embodiments.

[00111 ] In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 904 can include elements of a protocol stack such as, for example, elements of an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) protocol including, for example, physical (PHY), media access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), and/or radio resource control (RRC) elements. A central processing unit (CPU) 904e of the baseband circuitry 904 can be configured to run elements of the protocol stack for signaling of the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP and/or RRC layers. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry can include one or more audio digital signal processor(s) (DSP) 904f. The audio DSP(s) 904f can be include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation and can include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments. Components of the baseband circuitry can be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a same circuit board in some embodiments. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 904 and the application circuitry 902 can be implemented together such as, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC).

[00112] In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 904 can provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 904 can support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) and/or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN). Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 904 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol can be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry. [00113] RF circuitry 906 can enable communication with wireless networks

using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry 906 can include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network. RF circuitry 906 can include a receive signal path which can include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 908 and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry 904. RF circuitry 906 can also include a transmit signal path which can include circuitry to up- convert baseband signals provided by the baseband circuitry 904 and provide RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 908 for transmission.

[00114] In some embodiments, the RF circuitry 906 can include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the RF circuitry 906 can include mixer circuitry 906a, amplifier circuitry 906b and filter circuitry 906c. The transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 906 can include filter circuitry 906c and mixer circuitry 906a. RF circuitry 906 can also include synthesizer circuitry 906d for synthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 906a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 906a of the receive signal path can be configured to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 908 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 906d. The amplifier circuitry 906b can be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 906c can be a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals. Output baseband signals can be provided to the baseband circuitry 904 for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signals can be zero- frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement. In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 906a of the receive signal path can comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

[00115] In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 906a of the transmit signal path can be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 906d to generate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 908. The baseband signals can be provided by the baseband circuitry 904 and can be filtered by filter circuitry 906c. The filter circuitry 906c can include a low-pass filter (LPF), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

[00116] In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 906a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 906a of the transmit signal path can include two or more mixers and can be arranged for quadrature downconversion and/or upconversion respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 906a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 906a of the transmit signal path can include two or more mixers and can be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 906a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 906a can be arranged for direct downconversion and/or direct upconversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 906a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 906a of the transmit signal path can be configured for super-heterodyne operation.

[00117] In some embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals can be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternate embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals can be digital baseband signals. In these alternate embodiments, the RF circuitry 906 can include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry 904 can include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry 906.

[00118] In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio IC circuitry can be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the

embodiments is not limited in this respect.

[00119] In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 906d can be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+8 synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers can be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuitry 906d can be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.

[00120] The synthesizer circuitry 906d can be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 906a of the RF circuitry 906 based on a frequency input and a divider control input. In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 906d can be a fractional N/N+8 synthesizer.

[00121 ] In some embodiments, frequency input can be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement. Divider control input can be provided by either the baseband circuitry 904 or the applications processor 902 depending on the desired output frequency. In some embodiments, a divider control input (e.g., N) can be determined from a look-up table based on a channel indicated by the applications processor 902. [00122] Synthesizer circuitry 906d of the RF circuitry 906 can include a divider, a delay-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer and a phase accumulator. In some

embodiments, the divider can be a dual modulus divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator can be a digital phase accumulator (DPA). In some embodiments, the DMD can be configured to divide the input signal by either N or N+8 (e.g., based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, the DLL can include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments, the delay elements can be configured to break a VCO period up into Nd equal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.

[00123] In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry 906d can be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency can be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases with respect to each other. In some embodiments, the output frequency can be a LO frequency (f|_o)- In some embodiments, the RF circuitry 906 can include an IQ/polar converter.

[00124] FEM circuitry 908 can include a receive signal path which can include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 980, amplify the received signals and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the RF circuitry 906 for further processing. FEM circuitry 908 can also include a transmit signal path which can include circuitry configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by the RF circuitry 906 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 910.

[00125] In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry 908 can include a TX/RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuitry can include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry can include a low-noise amplifier (LNA) to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 906). The transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 908 can include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 906), and one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 980.

[00126] In some embodiments, the UE device 900 can include additional elements such as, for example, memory/storage, display, camera, sensor, and/or input/output (I/O) interface.

[00127] It is appreciated that the described application circuitry 902, baseband circuitry 904, Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 906, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 908 and one or more antennas 910 can also be utilized with an evolved Node B (eNodeB).

[00128] Examples herein can include subject matter such as a method, means for performing acts or blocks of the method, at least one machine-readable medium including executable instructions that, when performed by a machine (e.g., a processor with memory or the like) cause the machine to perform acts of the method or of an apparatus or system for concurrent communication using multiple communication technologies according to embodiments and examples described.

[00129] Example 1 is an apparatus configured to be employed within a vehicle user equipment (vUE). The apparatus includes control circuitry. The control circuitry is configured to determine transmission resources for a broadcast of emergency services information based on a selected success ratio, determine system parameters that include a frame structure for the broadcast based on the selected success ratio, determine a transmit power for the broadcast based on the selected success ratio and broadcast the emergency services information using the determined resources, the determined system parameters and the determined transmit power.

[00130] Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1 , including or omitting optional elements, further comprising a plurality of neighboring vUEs configured to receive and decode the broadcasted emergency services information.

[00131 ] Example 3 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1 -2, including or omitting optional elements, where the frame structure has frame parameters including sampling rate, frame length, subframe length, subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix length and the frame parameters are based on the selected success ratio.

[00132] Example 4 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1 -3, including or omitting optional elements, where the frame structure has subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz or 60 kHz.

[00133] Example 5 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1 -4, including or omitting optional elements, where the transmission resources include a physical resource allocation (PRA) unit having a number of symbols and a number of subcarriers.

[00134] Example 6 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1 -5, including or omitting optional elements, where the transmission resources include a physical resource allocation (PRA) unit having a one symbol and twelve subcarriers.

[00135] Example 7 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1 -6, including or omitting optional elements, where the transmission resources include a physical resource allocation (PRA) unit comprising twelve resource elements.

[00136] Example 8 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1 -7, including or omitting optional elements, where the transmission resources include a physical resource allocation (PRA) unit having a number of symbols and a number of subcarriers.

[00137] Example 9 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1 -8, including or omitting optional elements, where the frame structure includes a subframe comprising a control channel and a data channel.

[00138] Example 10 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1 -9, including or omitting optional elements, where the control channel includes a modulation, a coding scheme and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC).

[00139] Example 1 1 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1 -1 0, including or omitting optional elements, where the determined transmit power is set to a highest transmission power level.

[00140] Example 12 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1 -1 1 , including or omitting optional elements, where the determined transmit power is set to a value less than a highest transmission power that provides the selected success ratio.

[00141 ] Example 13 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1 -1 2, including or omitting optional elements, where the control circuitry is configured to determine the success ratio based on a plurality of receiving vUEs, velocities associated with the plurality of receiving vUEs, and the locations associated with the plurality of receiving vUEs.

[00142] Example 14 is an apparatus configured to be employed within a vehicle user equipment (vUE). The apparatus includes control circuitry. The control circuitry is configured to obtain transmission resources for receiving a broadcast of emergency services information, obtain system parameters that include a frame structure for receiving the broadcast, and receive the broadcast using the obtained transmission resources and the obtained frame structure.

[00143] Example 15 includes the subject matter of Example 14, including or omitting optional elements, where the frame structure has frame structure parameters including sampling rate, frame length, subframe length, subcarrier spacing and cycle prefix length and the parameters are based on the selected success ratio.

[00144] Example 16 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 14-15, including or omitting optional elements, where the frame structure has subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz or 60 kHz.

[00145] Example 17 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 14-16, including or omitting optional elements, where the vUE is traveling at a selected velocity.

[00146] Example 18 includes one or more computer-readable media having instructions that, when executed, cause one or more vehicle user equipment (vUE) to obtain a success ratio for a broadcast and determine an emergency services configuration for the broadcast based on the success ratio.

[00147] Example 19 includes the subject matter of Example 18, including or omitting optional elements, where the instructions, when executed, cause the one or more vUE to simulate a broadcast of emergency services information to a plurality of vUEs within a selected proximity to obtain the success ratio.

[00148] Example 20 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 18-19, including or omitting optional elements, where the instructions, when executed, cause the one or more vUE to select a subcarrier spacing greater than 20 kHz based on the success ratio.

[00149] Example 21 is an apparatus configured to be employed within a vehicle user equipment (vUE). The apparatus comprises a means to determine a success ratio for a broadcast, a means to determine transmission resources for the based on a selected success ratio, a means to determine system parameters including a frame structure for the broadcast based on the selected success ratio, a means to determine a subframe structure for the broadcast based on the selected success ratio, a means to determine a transmit power for the broadcast based on the selected success ratio and a means to broadcast the emergency services information using the determined resources, the determined frame structure and the determined transmit power.

[00150] The above description of illustrated embodiments of the subject disclosure, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosed embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. While specific embodiments and examples are described herein for illustrative purposes, various modifications are possible that are considered within the scope of such embodiments and examples, as those skilled in the relevant art can recognize.

[00151 ] In this regard, while the disclosed subject matter has been described in connection with various embodiments and corresponding Figures, where applicable, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments can be used or modifications and additions can be made to the described embodiments for performing the same, similar, alternative, or substitute function of the disclosed subject matter without deviating therefrom. Therefore, the disclosed subject matter should not be limited to any single embodiment described herein, but rather should be construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims below.

[00152] In particular regard to the various functions performed by the above described components or structures (assemblies, devices, circuits, systems, etc.), the terms (including a reference to a "means") used to describe such components are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any component or structure which performs the specified function of the described component (e.g., that is functionally equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs the function in the herein illustrated exemplary implementations of the invention. In addition, while a particular feature may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other implementations as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application.