A VERTICAL WI N D AND SOLAR EN ERGY G EN ERATOR

What is claimed is a vertically mounted apparatus for power generation comprising of:

1. Upper and lower stator assembly

2. Upper and lower rotor assembly

3. Upper and lower fixed levitating bearing

4. Gearbox transmission for generator

5. Generator

6. Solar Cells on both sides of windmill blades and on other exterior surfaces

7. Electronic Control Unit and Accessories

1. Upper and lower stator assembly

The apparatus has a two-piece stator, upper and lower, each consisting of three or more modules needed to arch the circumference of the pole or column. Each stator is fastened to the pole or column, the lower stator serving as foundation and the upper as ceiling and together they clam the windmill turbine. Stator has a circular ring of magnets facing the wind turbine, each a levitating bearing component corresponding to and facing an identical bearing component on the windmill turbine. The surface of upper and lower stator are covered with solar panel material for additional energy harvesting.

2. Upper and lower rotor assembly

The apparatus comprises a two-piece rotor, upper and lower-, each consisting of three or more modules and extruding tubular wings which size corresponds to the circumference of the foundation pole for a free movement of the rotor. Rotor comprises of an arrangement of two halves, upper and lower, each constituting a part of the apparatus two levitating bearings. The rotor, in this invention constituting the windmill turbine assembly, is wedged between upper and lower stator in a levitating state, clutched by the repelling force of a circular ring of magnets set in N-N or S-S magnetic position, in this context the upper and lower levitating bearings.

Lower part of rotor counterparts the upper part of the lower levitating bearing on the stator while the upper part of rotor counterparts the lower part of the upper bearing on the stator with identical circular rings consisting of magnets. Rotor comprises of an arrangement of three or more extruding tubular-shaped wing modules of which the holder settings and extension span is collectively adjustable by mechanically timed rotating wing movements triggered by passing a magnet, or a wind force push to the wing, or when the wing rebounds against the wind force, or spikes in rotation speed, all of which can occur during a single rotation cycle.

3. Upper and lower fixed levitating bearing

Upper and lower fixed levitating bearing is comprised of two identical circular rings with powerful earth magnets directly facing each other in a N-N or S-S position. Magnets can be positioned parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the rotor or to an angle variation of up to 72 degrees for more efficient performance, increased stability and to eliminate vibration. The levitating bearing components are covered by a magnet-neutral protective housing comprising of solar panel material for additional energy harvesting.

4. Gearbox transmission for generator

The rotation speed is modified by a gearbox transmission driving the electric generator, decreasing or increasing the RPM as determined by the control unit. The gearbox is placed inside the rotor hull and securely fastened to the stator.

5. Generator assembly

The electric generator is placed inside the rotor hull and securely fastened to the stator.

6. Solar Cells on both sides of windmill blades and exterior surface

The surface of the wings, both inside and outside of the rotating blade assembly is comprised of solar cells for additional energy harvesting.

7. Control unit and accessories

The control unit is placed inside the rotor hull, connected to a gearbox transmission, generator, solar panels, monitoring instruments, antennae, communication equipment, camera, energy storage unit, local power grid, battery pack, and electric charging station.

ELECTRIC GENERATOR

1. How an Electrical Generator Works

The standard definition of an electrical generator states "It is a device used to convert mechanical energy into electric energy." or in fact "a device used to convert magnetic energy into electrical energy." Below this will be explained. A commonly used electrical generator is based on the principles of "electromagnetic induction" discovered in 1831 by Michael Faraday, a British scientist. Faraday discovered that if an electrical conductor, like a copper wire, is moving spatially through a magnetic field, electric current is being induced in the conductor. A reciprocal rule is also applicable since it is possible to move a magnet while the conductor remains still or to move both a magnet and a conductor and still electrical current is being induced. It is obvious that in this case the magnetic energy of a moving magnet is converted to electrical energy of the current that flows in the wire.

2. Faraday's Law

Any change in the magnetic environment of a coil of electrically conductive wire will cause a voltage (EMF - Electro-Motive Force) to be "induced" in the coil. It does not matter in what way the change is produced, the voltage will still be generated. A necessary change of the magnetic environment could be produced by varying the magnetic field strength by means of moving a magnet toward or away from the coil, moving the coil into or out of the magnetic field, rotating the coil relative to the magnet, etc.

Faraday's law is a fundamental relationship that is considered by Maxwell's equations. It serves as a succinct summary of the ways a voltage (or EMF) could be generated by a changing magnetic environment. The induced EMF in a coil is equal to the negative of the rate of change of magnetic field strength times the number of turns in the coil. Faraday law in its definition involves the interaction of charge with magnetic field. To put it simply a stronger magnetic field variation and more turns of a coil will produce stronger EMF. When an EMF is generated by change in strength of the magnetic field according to Faraday's Law, the polarity of the induced EMF is such that if the coil is connected to an electrical load or if it is short-circuited, an electrical current will flow and the magnetic field will be produced by it. The induced magnetic field will oppose the magnetic flux change that produced it.

co o a w re mov ng nto magnetic e is one example The minus sign denotes Lenz's Law of an EMF generated according to Faraday's Law. The Current EMF is the term for generated or induced will create a magnetic field which opposes the buildup induced voltage.

of magnetic field in the coil. Therefore, the induced magnetic field produced by the coil of electrically conductive wire always acts in such a way as to keep the magnetic flux in the coil constant. In the examples below, if the B field strength is increasing, the induced field acts in opposition to it and that practically means that those two magnetic fields are repelling each other. If the B field strength is decreasing, the induced magnetic field acts in the direction of the applied magnetic field in order to try to keep it constant and that practically means that those two magnetic fields are attracting each other. The rotor is going to slow down its rotation in both cases if we do not invest more mechanical energy to the input.

The efficiency-wise Lenz's law is the most disadvantageous physical occurrence in electrical generator operation since it introduces interdependency (or rather reciprocity) of the electrical load on the output side and mechanical energy on the input side needed to maintain constant EMF. In other words the more output energy is taken from the generator (more Wattage) the more mechanical energy is required from the source of mechanical motion (water stream energy, wind energy, various engines etc.). So, apart from the obvious losses in mechanical power transmission and friction loses that cannot be avoided, Lenz's law is the physical occurrence that is solely responsible for the entire mechanical energy requirement of any electrical generator from which the electrical energy is taken. If Lenz's law could somehow be nullified, circumvented or compensated, the electrical generators could achieve unprecedented levels of efficiency.

3. Non-reciprocal electrical generator

As we already explained in the section on Lenz's law, a truly efficient electrical generator should be non-reciprocal. A reciprocal or 'two-way" device is always introducing a mechanical load on the input and thus it is causing a power loss in the electrical generator equivalent to the power gain. Now, let us clarify the term "reciprocal". Most systems that are commonly used in everyday life and engineering practice are reciprocal by their very nature. That means that the energy relationshi between output and input is reversible.

A good example of this phenomenon is electromagnetic induction in electrical motors with permanent magnet excitation. If the output of an electrical motor becomes the input by applying appropriate electrical connection modifications, the motor becomes a generator and the energy relationship of the output and input be reversed without anything being changed in the fundamental construction of the electrical motor. Practically speaking we could regard this phenomenon as an extension of Newton's law of action and reaction.

Non-Reciprocal

Electrical

Generator

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