"What? A voltage synthesizer? That's impossible!" you may ask and exclaim, but bear with me, if a frequency synthesizer is possible, then a voltage synthesizer is also possible. Voltage or amplitude is just another parameter of a waveform like wavelength, frequency, and the slope of the wave are parameters of an alternating current signal. Now think of a tiny 1.5 volt AAA battery. If you could contain all the capacity of electrical current and/or voltage from this battery and squeeze it into just one second of work, that would be a lot of energy, in fact I think it could amount to an explosion of some magnitude. We just need to know how to tap into this. My discovery just scratches the potential of this tapping that is possible. Now with 120 volts alternating current coming out of your wall outlet (duplex receptacle), this has a lot of potential electromotive force available as I will prove in this document with the six diagrams included.

How do we create a voltage synthesizer? By first constructing a series- parallel circuit which adds the input parallel voltages when they are isolated from each other and then connecting them in series at the same moment we isolate them. Consider two flashlight batteries. They are connected in series resulting in two 1.5 volt batteries equalling 3 volts, but the current remains the same as if the current is coming from just one battery. In series, the positive of the first battery is connected to the negative of the second battery and then the positive of this battery is connected to the light bulb which is then connected to the negative of the first battery. With batteries connected in parallel, the positive on one battery is connected to the positive of another battery and the negatives of the two batteries are connected together. Parallel connected batteries results in the same voltage as one battery, but the current adds, so if one battery puts out 10 milliamperes then two batteries in parallel will output 20 milliamperes, but the voltage will remain at 1.5 volts rather than 3 volts. This is for direct current only. For alternating current it is different because electricity behaves differently in this case.

Voltage synthesis here will work with alternating current (AC), and it is possible to use direct current (DC) also, but DC involves more components and I haven't yet built a working model for DC so it won't be discussed or included here in this document. AC voltage synthesis is done by adding two or more parallel branches of AC voltage and then wiring them in series much like the batteries mentioned above; however, they must be isolated from each other and this can be done with a transformer. This isolation is only required when the input power source to the parallel branches are coming from the same source, i.e. your duplex receptacle which comes from the AC generator/alternator from your electrical power company. This isolation makes it look like two sources of input.

Take a look at diagram 1. Do not wire this diagram at home without reading this paragraph and the next one. It will not work, but it explains what is supposed to happen. The AC source can be from a signal generator or from your wall outlet with 60 Hertz frequency. This is like a single AC source battery. The + is connected to point B and the - is connected to point A. Points A and B is one parallel branch. Points C and D is the other parallel branch. If the AC source is 120 volts, then we have 120 volts of electromotive force going down both of the parallel branches, but if we connect these together by connecting point A with C and B with D and connecting A and C to the top of the load resistor and B and D to the bottom of the load resistor, we get only 120 volts as a voltage drop over this load resistor, because voltages do not add in parallel.

To add the two 120 volt parallel branches, we must connect them in series now. This is done by observing the line in the diagram that connects B to C. Now they are connected in series like the flashlight batteries ... but there is a problem. Because the source is only one source and like one battery and not two, it cannot be done. Connecting B to C is like connecting the positive of a battery to its negative; this would cause a direct short circuit and damage the battery. Therefore the B to C connection for AC is like joining a hot wire to the neutral wire causing a short and would probably trip your breaker switch if not cause an electrical fire. But this diagram shows how we must connect to add voltages, but first we must isolate the parallel branches from each other as I will display in diagram 3.

Now keep in mind that your wall outlet is a duplex receptacle where you can plug in two male three-prong plugs. These are both in parallel with each other and connected to the same source or hot and neutral wires. The hot is the black wire and the neutral is the white wire. The green or bare copper wire is the ground wire and is not needed in my diagrams for explanation.

Now look at diagram 2. The AC sources are connected in series with the positive (+) of one source connected to the negative (-) of the other source. Note that these sources are not the same source as in diagram 1. These sources would be two alternators or signal generators or the secondary outputs of transformers (these transformers, however can be connected to the same source). They should be the same make and models and they both should be in phase with each other. This can be observed with a dual-trace oscilloscope. The signal generators should be plugged into the same duplex receptacle or ones nearby each other. The wavelength of 60 Hertz frequency is quite long so digital timers may be needed to control the phase relationship of the two sources so they are in step, i.e. the crests and troughs of the waves line up with each other. Adding or subtracting the length of wire can result in matching phase differences especially with high frequencies. Always keep the length of wires the same for the best performance when using multiple sources especially for high frequencies. Low frequency like 60 Hertz, it is not as important, at least to prove this technique of voltage addition works.

Now observe diagram 3. This is the diagram that I wish to patent and share with all the countries of the world. Here there is only one AC source. Let's say it is 120 volts of alternating current at 60 cycles per second (Hertz). There are two parallel branches made here, one branch goes to points A and B and the other branch goes to C and D. Both measure 120 volts AC with a voltmeter or oscilloscope. Now how can we add these together to make 240 volts AC? We do this by connecting them in series; however, the only way we can do this is by isolating the two parallel branches from each other so that the circuit thinks they are two separate input sources. First we connect points B to C like we did in diagram 1 , but in diagram 3 there is a transformer included which isolates the two parallel branches from each other. This is an isolation transformer or one that has a one to one (1 :1) ratio of winded coils, i.e. the number of coils in the primary equals the number of coils in the secondary, so what goes in the primary essentially comes out of the secondary, but not the real current, but the current induced by electromagnetism into the secondary from how transformers work. Points C and D are the outputs of the secondary and these are isolated from the input points E and F of the primary. R1 and R2 are the two load resistors, they are connected in series. Let us pretend they are both 100 watt light bulbs. Now if we connect an AC volt meter across the points G and J, it will measure 240 volts. If we measure the voltage across points G and H and then I and J, they will both measure 120 volts. This is because the 100 watt light bulbs are designed to operate with 120 volts so that is all they really need, so 120 volts drops over one bulb and the other 120 volts drops over the other bulb. Now the current that is needed for one light bulb is all that is needed to supply both, because we have the necessary voltage drops. Therefore this circuit saves 50% on the cost of electricity, because it is current that runs through our power meter connected to the power company's service drop to our homes and other buildings. The voltage that is available to us is actually free for us to utilize and should not affect the quality of the power company's services. Two copper wires in parallel say one meter long actually has less resistance then a single wire the same length, so it is easier on the electrical power system just like a 12/3 electrical wire provides less resistance to a pump than 14/3 wire, more voltage and current will get to the pump if it is near the lake quite a distance away. The 12/3 is thicker wire and the thicker the wire, the less resistance.

Now I will use Ohm's law to calculate the current needed for one 100 watt light bulb. I remember Ohm's law easily by the formula E = IR. You just have to remember that E comes before I and I comes before R in the alphabet (ascending order). E is electromotive force or volts, I is the current in amps and R is the resistance in ohms. All we know at the moment is that one bulb uses 100 watts at 120 volts. So we need the power formula which is P = IE or pie. I just remember that P comes after I and I comes after E in the alphabet (descending order), opposite of the arrangement of E = IR. So if P = IE, then I = P/E which equals 100 watts divided by 120 volts (100/120). This equals . 833333333 amps or about 833 milliamps. Now with E=IR we can calculate the resistance of the light bulb since R = E/l which equals 120 volts divided by 0.833 amps. This equals 144.06 ohms. Now from all this we can prove that the power we can get from this circuit is P = El or 240 volts times 0.833333333 amps which equals 199.99999992 watts. Actually 200 watts, because there are trailing infinite threes after the 0.833333333 amps. So this circuit proves that we are getting 200 watts of power or work for the price of 100 watts. Imagine applying this technique to a 1500 watt heater. That would save a lot of cash for your pocket and very beneficial for something like a greenhouse in the early spring.

A note about the isolation transformer needed for this circuit. The only ones I know of are large heavy bulky ones. For 100 watt bulbs, we wouldn't need such large ones, so we would need transformer companies to manufacture smaller ones for use with lights or lamps, but heaters and heavy duty appliances etc., large transformers would be required. These heavy isolation transformers were actually meant for television repair technicians to use to provide safety for them while they did their repair work (troubleshooting) while the power to the TV or electronic device was turned on. This isolation prevented power surges in the electrical transmission lines from harming them or the electronics and also protected them from electrical thunder storm activity.

When 240 volts is created from two 120 volt parallel branches, it may be possible to just have one 100 watt light bulb at the load. The whole 240 volts would then drop over the 100 watt bulb and only half the current would be needed. From P=EI, I = P/E which equals 100 watts divided by 240 volts equalling 0.41666666666 amps. This would have to be considered by the lighting engineers if this could be allowed since they say our light bulbs are designed for 120 volts. The 240 volts might shorten the life span of the bulb, but maybe not. I am mentioning this, because it is not always that we need two 100 watt bulbs lit in our homes when one is sufficient. Engineers will develop a system to control devices with this new technology using switches, potentiometers, etc. to control the device when you only want one lamp on instead of two for example. The complete circuit would have to be built into the base of the lamp or somewhere near the duplex receptacle and made child-proof. Now let's look at diagram 4. Do not construct this circuit without reading this paragraph and the next, because it will not work and may be dangerous due to the short circuits in it, but this diagram will aid me in explaining the feasibility of a voltage synthesizer. Diagram 5 should be a workable circuit that will function correctly. The problem I have is that I only have one isolation transformer to work with, but I have a small 10:1 ratio step-down transformer I could use to prove my idea works, but these transformers are designed for 120 volts, not 240 volts or greater, so the limit of the voltage synthesizer will depend on the size and voltage-rating capabilities of the transformers; otherwise, the limit of the synthesizer would be unlimited or infinite. Each doubling of the voltage level should also double the distance capability for current to travel down a wire. And if only half the current is needed, then the distance it can travel should double again. I have two working prototypes for diagram 3, one producing 24 volts from 12 volts AC and the other producing 240 volts from 120 volts AC. I do not have a prototype for diagram 5 as I write this, but I thought that I should submit this to the Intellectual Property office as soon as possible since the idea is so simple, somebody else could soon think of it also.

Back to diagram 4. In this diagram you will see 5 two-prong plugs intended to plug into the same AC source. It has three isolation transformers, but the bottom one has a center tap that has a slider to vary the amount of voltage coming out of its secondary therefore it is adjustable or you can wind your own transformer to get the voltage you want. R3 just represents the total resistance of the devices you want at the load. Now this circuit will not work because the five plugs connect to the same source input. It would work though if it uses two different AC sources such as two alternators or signal generators, but they must be in phase like I wrote about earlier above. Let's say the top wires coming out of the plugs at the left are the hot wires and bottom wires are the neutral wires. This circuit will not work because the neutral wire of plug 1 is connected to point A which is connected through the secondary coil to point B which is connected to the hot wire of plug 3, so this causes a short circuit. The same happens with the transformer connected to plug 4. Diagram 4 may work with one source by putting large capacitors in series with the connections that attach to points A and B. I do not have large capacitors, but my smaller ones do stop the short circuiting and I do get 120 volts, but not 240 volts. I do not know why. Perhaps you can figure this out. Capacitors block DC current but they pass AC current, but how can they pass current when there is a dialectic insulator in them between the plates? I think capacitors make the circuit appear it is passing the current because first they charge up during the first half of the waveform cycle and then they discharge during the second half of the cycle as the current alternates (changes direction through the conductors (wire)). So as one plate charges, the other plate discharges and vice versa or what they actually do is change polarity every half cycle or wavelength. Therefore they do not actually pass the real current otherwise there would be a short circuit again. This is why capacitors are much like batteries especially with DC current.

Diagram 4 should work with two different sources and would be a voltage synthesizer for an odd voltage such as 547 volts that you needed for a mixture of devices at the load with specific voltage drops over each. Power plugs 1 , 2, 3, and 4 would supply 120 volts each equalling 480 volts and plug 5 would supply 67 volts through its varied adjustable output. 480 plus 67 equals 547 volts. Plugs 1 , 3, and 5 would connect with one input source (for example - an alternator) and plugs 2 and 4 would connect with the other source (another alternator). Again make sure the input sources are putting out waveforms that are in phase with each other to avoid destructive interference. Also I just thought - if you are using two different power sources, then you don't need the isolation transformers at all, because the two different sources are already isolated from each other. Just connect them in series.

What you can do though is go back to diagram 3, where there are two parallel branches. Now you can just make two more parallel branches. Connect the first two parallel branches in series to make 240 volts, then connect the other two branches in series to make another 240 volts. Now you have two sources of 240 volts where you use an isolation transformer to isolate these two sources from each other, then you have them connected in series and this should give you 480 volts at the output, if my theory is feasible. In fact you may not need the isolation transformer for connecting these two sources since they may already be isolated due to the first two transformers. I will have to draw more sketches and conduct experiments to verify this.

Diagram 5 shows a better way to do this if you want higher voltages at the output. This uses three power plugs plugged into the same source. You can use one of those multiple outlets or a power bar or two nearby duplex receptacles. Plugs 1 and 2 produce 240 volts across the AC voltmeter at points A and B. Then two more parallel branches are made supplying 240 volts each, one across points C and D and the other across E and F. Note that just to the left of point E, the horizontal line going to point K and the vertical between D and F, these lines criss cross here, but they are not connected here. The parallel branch CD is connected in series with the parallel branch EF by connecting points D with L. T2 is connected in series with T3 through the M and G. The voltage measured across G and H is 67 volts after the center tap is adjusted for this level. Then the total voltage across the load resistor R1 at points I and J will be 547 volts (240 plus 240 plus 67 equals 547). If you want to you could put a load resistor across points A and B such as a light bulb and still have 547 volts at R1 , but then you would lose some current available for R1 since you would now have three parallel branches of 240 volts each when before we had two branches. Current divides into the parallel branches depending on the total resistance in each branch.

If you wanted 600 (5 x 120) volts for some reason, you could use diagram 5 except you would use all of the secondary of transformer T3. Point J would then connect to point N and the point H connection would be omitted. Comprehend vous the potentiality of this? 600 volts would enable you to light up five 100 watt light bulbs for the price of one. Think how much power could be produced and saved on NASA's space stations. Think what this will do for the solar power industry after they invert the DC current to AC current. Countries like those in Africa that don't have much power to generate would now be able to produce more from the little they do have.

Diagram 6 shows you how to get 360 volts if you needed this much. Two transformers would be needed. Plug 1 could be placed between plugs 2 and 3 if you want, but you cannot use only one transformer and two straight through plugs like plug 1 , because there would be that short again between the hot and neutral wires through the secondary coil of the transformer like I mentioned above in a paragraph about diagram 4.

If you have problems with the circuit not working, i.e. you get zero volts at the output, no bulbs lighting up or they are dim, it is probably due to one or more of transformers being wired up incorrectly causing destructive interference and not constructive interference. To correct this you can switch around the wires connected to the secondary and/or the primary. If you get zero volts, then one or more of the isolation transformers is 180 degrees out of phase with the sources that they are connected to that don't connect to a transformer, but are in series with the secondarys of the transformers. Use a dual-trace oscilloscope if you have one to pinpoint the problem.

Diagram 5 is actually a cascaded series-parallel circuit where the series- parallel connection repeats after every doubling of the voltage. This cascaded circuit involves the two parallel branches made from power plugs 1 and 2, not plug 3.

If fast digital timers and silicon-controlled switches are used, you may be able to shut off the input source just after the desired output level is reached after each series connection and then cascade this circuit to higher voltage levels as in diagram 5. This would work if you wanted a short pulse of very high voltage for some reason.

I measured 240 volts AC across two light bulbs in series with both my voltmeter and oscilloscope. Later I thought I better measure the current to make sure I knew what I was talking about before I submit this to the Patent Office. I did this and found that the current through both light bulbs used the same amount of current through one bulb directly connected to a cord plugged into a wall outlet. Case closed, this voltage addition technique (process) works period.

You may ask, "But what good is 240 volts AC good for when electricians already wire up 240 volts for devices like dryers and stoves in our homes? Couldn't they just use that?" I may be wrong, but no you cannot use that system of 240 volts. I read somewhere that all they do is put two hot black wires together in parallel to the device and what this does is just give twice the current to be available. They just call it 240 volts, because it sounds better and safer to refer to then say calling it 40 amps or 60 amps. Each device uses different amounts of current, so they call it 240 volts instead.

This concludes my explanation of this simple way to add voltages especially from a common source. I wish there was an even easier way to do this - isolate the parallel branches, but I guess we'll have to use isolation transformers for now. Maybe this will trigger ideas in you or someone else to apply or improve this contribution of mine regarding power supply technology. I will be performing more experiments with this and may add appendages to this document later and post on Internet as e-book. Later I will write about how to do this with DC voltage, which will really be a mind-blowing potential for what batteries can do.

I am a strong, proud Christian and must be doing some things right to be blessed with this new technique which will change technology, so I like to usually include something about God or Christianity when I write. I actually prayed to God asking Him to help me come up with something simple in electronics or electricity that I could easily make at home. I told Him I knew that there was something in electricity that could be improved upon and that other experts have not noticed. You too should study basic analog electronics and you too might think of a better or easier way to do something. This applies to anything in life.

Here goes: did you know that artificial light or electricity is like Christianity or any other form of enlightenment? When you become a Christian (hopefully you are enlightened when you do this), you actually go from darkness to light and you see the truth spiritually. Physically now when you go into a dark room, you search for the light switch and when you find it, you flick it on and the room goes from darkness to light and you see the truth or arrangement of the contents in the room so you can manoeuvre. Now this next bit of information is handy for electrical hobbyists and even for new electricians in training. In electrical wiring, the hot wire is the black wire and the neutral wire is the white wire. Therefore when a light is first switched on, electrical current begins to flow from the black (dark) wire to the white (light) wire and then it reverses direction during the next half cycle of the alternating current waveform. Spiritually when you are living in darkness, you are in hot water so to speak, because if you don't search for the light, you may find the hot fire of hell instead someday if you don't change and remain incorrigible. Sorry to preach. Now that this has helped you remember which color is the hot and neutral, where do these wires go in the electrical box? They attach to screws which are also color coded. The black wire goes to the brass screw and the white wire goes to the silver screw. You just have to remember that the silver screw is lighter in color than the brass screw. So the white wire goes to the lighter-colored screw and the black wire goes to the darker-colored screw. The green or bare copper wire is for the ground and its screw is color coded also and easy to determine where it goes. We are green when we are trying to decide if we should become Christian. So there you go, a way to remember this next time you do your own electrical work.

As soon as I have this patent application submitted, I will be publishing a science fiction short story called Capacity Overload on www.amazon.com/kindle. You will be able to find it by searching for the title or the name M L Harris in Amazon Kindle. Once there you can find my other e-books I published in 2014 under a penname which I should change to M L Harris, which I hope will be famous someday like the name C S Lewis is famous. If you really have to, you can reach me at M_L_Harris@live.com. Godspeed to you all!