WALL STRUCTURE WITH CELLS HAVING AN EARTHQUAKE ABSORPTION AND INCREASED RESISTANCE

Technical Field

The invention is related to a wall structuring that consists of insulation surfaces covering a load bearing framed internal block and the side surfaces created by the internal block .

State of The Art

A wall is a term used for all vertical building elements which transfer the loads they bear to the centre of the building according to the position of the building, which separate the parts of the building and which protect buildings against external factors. The walls of a building can be made out of metal, wood or Ferro concrete etc.

During the construction of a structure, walls can serve as the load-bearing element, divisive element or internal element of a building. While load bearing element can be defined as a kind of wall that transfers the loads it receives to the centre of the building, divisive walls can be defined as walls that separate the parts of a structure. Especially when creating high-rise buildings, a variety of load-bearing elements other than walls needs to be used. These elements may include foundation, column, joist and flooring . Almost all of the procedures in today' s housing constructions such as mould, steel, concrete, wall, electricity, plumbing and plaster are generally done through manual labour and mistakes and wastes cannot be prevented when it comes to manual labour. In order to avoid said problems, precast construction systems are used. However, these systems only focus on the pre-building process of walls of a structure and it is not possible to pre-construct such structures as plumbing.

It is both expensive and error-prone to work with many workers in construction field and construct the structure that needs to be built in all details in the same field. The walls, columns, joists, visual structure elements, doors, windows and similar elements are made by people through the use of simple moulding or hand devices. Where the human factor and simple manually-controlled devices are used to such an extent, it is rather unavoidable to have mistake- free results.

Another drawback of raw materials used in current construction systems is insufficiency in isolation. The walls or similar elements that are used to cover the structure generally have to be covered by many-layered isolation materials. These materials both increase the cost of raw materials and may have negative effects on human health due to their chemical content. In order to remove isolation-based handicaps, the use of the wall blocks which include air void or pores in its structure has become common. However, the amount and size of the air voids created cannot be increased because this will affect the resistance of the structure block. Therefore, the isolation modulus of the structure blocks created cannot be improved more than a certain amount. Another technical issue faced in current structure systems is that the structures are not resistant to earthquake. Usually, in order to increase earthquake resistance it is foreseen to strengthen the structure and this leads to a more bulky structure that includes more steel and concrete. The increase in the amount of material also results in an increase in the cost of the structure.

On the other hand, if the structure is made out of high amount of concrete and steel in order to make it more resistant, it may cause much more damage for the structure in a severe earthquake since it will not be able to oscillate with the waves created in an earthquake.

In patent application numbered TR 2015/03403, what is described is a panel made out of concrete used to cover precast concrete facing, a surface and pile facing in all reinforced earth and geogrid furnished wall applications consisting of a niche with a upper montage niche and bulge structured to surround the side of the upper part of the hexagonal body, structured to surpass the stated lower montage bulge and niche; a bulge with a lower montage niche and bulge structured to surround the side of the lower part of the hexagonal body in order to ensure miter montage of panels during the montage of more than one panel one after the other or next to each other to create the front facade.

According to the application numbered TR 2015/03403, hexagonal wall blocks are described. These wall blocks can create a wall structure by connecting to each other through various connecting elements in their structure. The system described in the relevant application is not used to tolerate the forces created by structure elements but is used to cover the side faces of the structure. That is, the system described is not the load-bearer of the structure but the divisive element. In order to apply this system to the structure, an external load bearing element should be used as well.

The structure blocks in hexagonal form (honeycomb shape) is known in the usual way of the art. For instance, similar structures are described in patent applications numbered CN201593263, CN101343899, CN201068618.

A light wall is described for a building in patent application numbered CN104420555. The structure consists of two resistant supporting blocks connected to each other with supporting sticks. Honeycomb shaped mid-elements made out of paper are located between supporting blocks. These mid- elements are covered with non-flammable materials to increase their resistance against burning.

The supporting blocks described in the relevant patent applications consist of load-bearing elements of the wall which bear the main forces created by the structure. These supporting blocks are made out of such resistant materials as concrete or etc. They support the endurance of the structure by connecting with each other through supporting sticks buried in the concrete body.

The mid-elements in honeycomb shape don' t serve as bearers and are just to contribute the isolation and air-conditioning of the structure. When taking into consideration the fact that the mid-element is made out of paper, it cannot be expected to serve as bearer. Therefore, the system described in patent application numbered CN104420555 is the same with commonly- known traditional wall systems. The supporting blocks created make up the wall structure like the other known wall forms and take the loads created by the structure.

In the patent application numbered IT1184645, a structure panel with one part that could be made out of such light- cemented materials as plaster is described. Said panel is located at the opposite sides of one front and back exterior facade and is connected to a perforated internal part characterized by the holes next to one another in a previously-defined configuration (an integrated hexagon) .

Even though the configuration described in the patent application numbered IT1184645 has an internal part created in honeycomb shape, the system described is related to structure panel. Structure panels are elements which don't carry a load in the structure or which are located in a section where lower loads are to be carried. Therefore, it is pretty clear that the structure used is not for the purpose of carrying a load.

The Problems the Invention Aims to Solve

The aim of this invention is to create a wall structure which includes hexagonal cells serving as the load-bearing elements in order to provide the structures created with some flexibility. The aim of the invention is to create low-priced and fast- produced structures by using walls that include hexagonal cells as load-bearing elements.

Another aim of the invention is to create a structure unit with minimized human mistakes that could result from handwork by creating a wall structuring suitable for a factory production and ensuring that the shaping of the walls takes place at a factory environment.

Another aim of the invention is to create a wall structure suitable for settling all the decoration procedures such as doors, window sides, arches with moulds during manufacturing and to create a wall structure which decreases the cost of workmanship and the duration of the process.

Another aim of the invention is to create a wall structure suitable for allowing high rise buildings built by masonry wall system.

Another aim of the invention is to create a wall structure suitable for creating an earthquake-resistant structure which can oscillate due to the earthquake waves.

Another aim of the invention is to create a wall structure suitable for creating less-weighing structures with lessened needs for use of steel. Another aim of the invention is to create a wall structure which has a better heat/sound isolation feature and much more resistant to fire. Description of the Figures

Figure 1. Exploded view of a structure consisting of an internal and external block

Figure 2. Perspective view of connecting elements

Figure 3. Section view of supporting element

Figure 4. Perspective view of supporting element in plate

Figure 5. Perspective view of isolation part

Figure 6. Perspective view of isolation part and internal block

Figure 7. Perspective view of supporting element

Description of the References in the Figures

1. Internal block

2. External block

3. Adding channels

4. Supporting element

5. Isolation unit

5.1. Isolation unit room

Description of the Invention

The wall structure which the invention is related to, consists of at least one internal block (1) which consists of honeycomb-shaped cells, moulded with a material that can be moulded on a steel body and which can be a load-bearing element of the structure and one external block (2) that covers the sides of the internal block. In said wall structure, while the internal block (1) creates the load-bearing element of the structure, the external block (2) covers the internal block, protects it from possible external effects and creates a wall form by completing the visual.

The internal block that is created by honeycomb-shaped cells (1) is created as a result of moulding the steel body with mouldable materials. These mouldable materials may include the materials which can be moulded on a steel surface through a mould. These materials can be concrete or polymer based materials or cement-based materials.

Internal block (1) can be created by bringing the separate steel cells which are in honeycomb form together by moulding or also by moulding only one block that includes honeycomb- shaped cells.

Internal block (1) is a block which includes many honeycomb- shaped cells in its structure. These cells are pipe shaped cells designed as to have more length than width and the inside of these cells is empty.

According to an application related to the invention, each honeycomb-shaped cell has a supporting element (4) layer on its internal wall. This supporting element could be (4) a steel surface in a net form. According to the scope of the invention, it is also possible to use different materials rather than steel to create a resistant structure. For instance, supporting element (4) could be made out of rapis wire . The honeycomb-shaped cells may have space inside. In a different application of the invention, an isolation unit (5) can be located inside this space. In Figure 5, isolation unit (5) is a structure in pipe shape (tube) with honeycomb-shaped base surfaces. Isolation unit (5) may be made out of XPS or EPS. The isolation units made out of XPS or EPS (5) may be covered by an external layer made out of pumice.

Isolation unit (5) consists of at least one isolation unit room (5.1) . Isolation unit room (5.1) consists of chambers which are emptied. According to Figure 5, isolation unit (5) may be made out of three isolation unit rooms (5.1) .

While wall structure can consist of only one internal block (1) depending on the forces it faces, it can also consist of a unity of more than one internal block (1) .

The walls created include adding channels (3) in their side parts. Figure 2 shows the structure of said adding channels (3) . These adding channels (3) allows an increase in the surface area in connection parts of the walls and thus makes the connection resistant.

In order for the walls to be connected, adhesive mortar with heat isolation feature is used. In order to provide the necessary isolation feature in walls' connection parts, this adhesive mortar includes the materials with heat isolation feature or is made out of completely these materials. For instance, this adhesive mortar could be made out of pumice or could include pumice.

In order for the walls applied with adhesive mortar to be connected properly, ropes are mounted on the walls through the rope holes inside the walls. After connecting the walls, the system will be locked by making the ropes stretched. In order to immobilize the ropes in a stretched manner, immobilizing elements are mounted on the walls. These elements serve to immobilize the ropes in a certain amount of stretch. According to an application related to the invention, the connecting element is in the form of segment.

In order to connect the wall parts created, the rope holes are located at the sides of the wall parts. Since each wall to be connected has this hole at the side, two walls can be easily connected through the use of ropes.

In order to protect the visual shape of the wall after the connection with ropes, the wall part which includes the connecting elements for the connection of the wall and the ends of the ropes is closed with a cover.

Said external block (2) is made out of materials with high isolation feature and low resistance feature. For example, external block (2) is made out of pumice concrete or is in the form of a pumice plate.

The wall structuring created may allow high-rise buildings to be constructed through masonry walls without creating steel supporting blocks or columns. Through steel-based honeycomb-shaped cells, internal block (1) will have the ability to resist and absorb any impact. Despite all these advantages, the amount of raw materials required to construct the structure will decrease. However, the ability of structure part created by the walls to carry the loads will increase.

While creating honeycomb-shaped cells, thin steel plates are used. This steel equipment can easily carry the loads which cannot be carried by much thicker steel constructions thanks to their honeycomb shape.

The wall structuring created by internal block (s) (1) and external blocks related to this invention can be manufactured in a manufacturing field according to the form of the structure created and can be put together in the construction field. After moulding and assembling processes carried out in the manufacturing field, light-weighed wall parts which are suitable to carry will be created.

Thanks to the possibility of mass production, such required details in the structure as electricity and plumbing pipes may be mounted on the wall during manufacturing according to the location of the wall in the structure. Thus, there will be no need to process on the wall again and no risk of damaging the wall.

Similarly, during manufacturing process, the window/door openings and their connecting apparatus can be put on the wall part. Therefore, the amount of time and workmanship required to conduct these details will be saved. If the wall parts are manufactured altogether in a manufacturing centre, this would make it possible to shape plastered arches and decors in a desired manner and to process these arches and decors on the walls.

The wall structuring related to the invention may have an internal block (1) consisting different geometrical cell forms instead of honeycomb form. In this case, cells may be created in different geometrical forms. The structure of the internal block (1) created could consist of a unity of cells with same form or different geometrical structure.