KARLSSON BJOERN (SE)
| US4535497A | 1985-08-20 |
| 1. | Arrangement for a washing apparatus for washing cellulose pulp, comprising a vertical, columnshaped washing vessel (2), and a screen unit (7) which is movable in the washing vessel, during a screening phase, at a first speed, from an upper position to a lower position, and, during a return movement, at a substantially higher speed, from the lower position to the upper position, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that it comprises a float body (30) which exerts a buoyancy force on the screen unit. |
| 2. | Arrangement according to Claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the float body (30) is operational in liquid inside the screen unit. |
| 3. | Arrangement according to Claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the float body (30) is operational in a filtrate consisting of used washing liquid. |
| 4. | Arrangement according to any of Claims 13, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the float body (30), and thus its buoyancy force on the screen unit (7), is dimensioned such that the total work in the form of energy supplied to the system in which the screen unit is included is minimized in order, during a working cycle, to move the screen unit and the float body from the upper position to the lower position and back to the starting position. |
| 5. | Arrangement according to any of Claims 14, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the float body (30) extends along most of the length of the screen unit (7). |
| 6. | Arrangement according to Claim 5, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the screen unit (7) surrounds the float body (30), and in that between the screen unit and the float body there is a circular gap (31) for filtrate in the form of used washing liquid. |
| 7. | Arrangement according to any of Claims 5 and 6, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that a central pipe (24) extends from the top part of the arrangement through the float body to the bottom part of the arrangement. |
| 8. | Arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the washing vessel consists of a pressure vessel (2) forming part of a pressure diffuser (1). |
| 9. | Arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the displacement of the screen body (30) amounts to the weight of the screen unit (7) 75%, preferably 50%, expediently 25%, while the width of the gap (31) between the float body and the screen unit must amount to at least 5% of the inner radius of the screen unit, preferably 525', and expediently 1025'o of the radius. |
| 10. | Arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the displacement of the float body amounts to at least 1 tonne, preferably at least 3 tonnes, expediently at least 5 tonnes, and particularly preferably at least 10 tonnes. |
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION In so-called pressure diffusers used in the cellulose pulp industry for washing pulp in continuously operating washing columns, the screen unit is given a reciprocating movement with the aid of a hydraulic working cylinder via a drag bar. The stroke length is normally up to about one metre. During the downward working stroke, the screen unit is fed slowly downwards at a speed which only slightly exceeds the speed at which the cellulose pulp falls through the column. By contrast, the speed on the return stroke is high: normally about 1-1.5 m/sec. The screen unit which is to be lifted during this rapid return movement can weigh over ten tonnes, and even bigger installations have been planned. In addition to this, there is the friction between the screen unit and the cellulose pulp in the column. The working cylinder and other parts of the hydraulic unit must therefore be given very large dimensions so as to be able, within a short time, to perform considerable work. This entails, for example, hydraulic oil flow rates of over 10,000 1/min ; oil quantities which additionally have to be filtered and cooled during the work cycle of the hydraulic unit. The systems existing at present do not solve these problems in a satisfactory manner, a fact which poses an obstacle to developments within this
area of technology towards ever bigger pressure diffusers and, thus, ever heavier screen units.
It is an object of the invention to remedy the above problems and offer a solution aimed at lightening the hydraulic system. It will be appreciated, however, that although the invention has been developed with the aim of solving the problems which are acute in the field of pressure diffusers within the cellulose industry, it is also possible to envisage the invention having another area of application.
These and other objects of the invention can be achieved by the fact that it is characterized by what is stated in the attached patent claims. Further characteristics and aspects of the invention will be evident from the following description of a preferred embodiment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES In the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, reference will be made to the attached drawing figure which shows a vertical cross-section through a pressure diffuser equipped in accordance with the preferred embodiment. In the figure, certain details and elements have been omitted which are not essential for an understanding of the principles of the present invention, but which represent known details and elements of pressure diffusers.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The figure shows a pressure diffuser 1 whose basic construction is generally known. It has the shape of a column comprising an outer pressure vessel 2 with a cylindrical jacket 3, an upper end wall 4 and a lower end wall 5. Inside the pressure vessel 2, and concentric thereto, there is a screen unit 7 which is vertically movable, with the upper and lower ends of the screen unit sliding against an upper inner end wall 8 and a lower inner end wall 9, respectively. The
latter walls are fixed to the pressure vessel 2 by bars or the like. More precisely, the screen unit 7 is movable to and fro between upper and lower end positions with the aid of one or more powerful hydraulic cylinders arranged on the top of the column.
The hydraulic cylinders are indicated symbolically by the numeral 10. The cellulose pulp which is to be washed is introduced into the top of the column through an inlet line 12, continues via the space 13 between the outer and inner upper end walls 4 and 8 to a gap 14 between the cylindrical jacket 3 of the pressure vessel 2 and the screen unit 7, and is finally led out through an outlet line 15 at the bottom of the column. To make the discharge easier, there are scrapers 16 which are driven by a motor 17.
Washing liquid is introduced continuously through a series of nozzles 20 distributed around the circumference and length of the jacket 3, and onwards through the pulp in the gap 14, and through screen openings in the screen unit 7, into the space inside the screen unit. Thus, all filable spaces inside the screen unit 7 between the upper and the lower inner column 8,9 are filled with filtrate. From the space inside the upper end wall 8, the used washing liquid- the filtrate-is sucked out through an outlet line 22.
The hydraulic cylinder (not shown), or the system of hydraulic cylinders, is connected via a hydraulic bar 23 to a central pipe 24 which extends slidably through the upper end walls 4 and 8 and down into the bottom part of the column. The central pipe 24 is moreover connected to the screen unit via radial, vertical plates 25. At the top of the column there is a so-called pressure-equalizing chamber 27 intended to be able to receive the cellulose pulp which is continuously fed in the form of a suspension through the inlet line 12, including during the upward return stroke of the screen unit 7. The pressure-equalizing chamber 27 communicates with the bottom part of the column through the central pipe 24. In this context it
should be pointed out that the pressure-equalizing chamber 27 and the central pipe 24 are arrangements which only exist in a specific type of pressure diffuser, which is shown in the drawing. Other methods of handling the inflow of cellulose during the upward return stroke are also possible, for example where the piston rod 23 can extend right down to and be connected to the screen unit 7 in the same way as the central pipe 24.
What has been described above belongs to the prior art. The novel feature consists of a float body 30. According to the embodiment, the float body 30 consists of an elongate cylindrical vessel which extends along essentially the entire length of the screen unit and narrows at both ends and is securely fixed to the screen body 7. The float body 30 is also closed and contains air or, if appropriate, foamed plastic in order to give the extra pressure strength.
It is concentric to the screen body 7 and has a smaller diameter than the latter, so that an annular gap 31 is formed between the float body 30 and the inside of the screen unit 7. By virtue of the fact that the float body 30 is fixedly connected to the screen unit 7, and because the float body 30 is arranged in the filtrate- filled volume inside the screen unit 7 between the inner end walls 8 and 9, the float body 30 gives the screen unit 7 a buoyancy force which to a large extent compensates the inherent weight of the screen unit, which can amount to many tonnes, for example twenty tonnes in existing cases.
The equipment functions in the following way, with only those parts of the washing process which have to do with the invention being described in detail. The cellulose pulp which is to be washed is, as has already been mentioned, fed continuously through the inlet line 12 and is discharged continuously through the outlet opening 15. During the washing phase, the screen unit 7 is driven downwards at a speed which only slightly exceeds the speed of the cellulose suspension's
downward movement in the annular gap 14 between the outer pressure vessel 2 and the screen unit 7. The washing liquid is led in through the nozzles 20, passes through the gap 14 during washing of the pulp in this gap and accumulates in the annular gap 31 between the float body 30 and the screen unit 7, from where the used washing liquid-the filtrate-which fills all the filable spaces between the upper and lower end walls 8 and 9 inside the screen unit 7 rises upwards and is gradually led off through the outlet line 22.
This downward movement takes place under the countereffect of the buoyancy which the float body 30 exerts on the screen unit 7 in the liquid-filled volume.
When the screen unit 7 has reached its lower end position, it is driven upwards at high speed during the return stroke with the aid of the hydraulic cylinder (not shown) and under the effect of the buoyancy from the float body 30. The used washing liquid-the filtrate-in the space inside the upper end wall 8, displaced by the float body 30, flows down through the annular gap 31 between the float body 30 and the screen unit 7 to the lower space inside the lower inner end wall 9 and at the same time generates a pressure surge in the radial direction which can contribute to freeing the pulp bed from the screen surface, a fact which facilitates the rapid upward movement of the screen body. By dimensioning the external diameter of the screen body 30 and consequently the width of the gap 31, it is possible to create optimum conditions in respect of, on the one hand, the desired buoyancy and, on the other hand, the acceptable flow resistance in the gap 31, and the desired pressure surge for freeing the pulp bed from the screen surface. The displacement of the float body 30 should therefore amount to the weight of the screen unit 75%, preferably expediently 25%, while the width of the gap 31 will amount to at least of the inner radius of the screen unit 7, preferably 5-
25% and expediently 10-25'3 of the radius. In absolute figures, the displacement should amount to at least 1 tonne, preferably at least 3 tonnes, but for most existing pressure diffusers expediently at least 5 tonnes, or particularly preferably at least 10 tonnes.