| CLAIMS
1. This is a water powered pump which is characterized by the water turbine (2) the kinetic energy of the stream water by .activating the piston (8) working inside the cylinder (7) forward and backward sucking and pushing the water.
2. As per claim 1 , WPP is characterized to be directly connected to the water turbine in order to increase the system efficiency.
3. As per claim 1 , WPP is the characterized for its being designed in four different types of operation, namely vertical, horizontal, and submersible and bottom flow type depending on hydraulic characteristic of the implementation area.
4. As per claims 1 and 3, WPP is the characterized as a water powered pump, requiring a water turbine (2) and WPP of different dimensions depending on stream water drop head, water turbine (2) diameter, stream volume, pumping water volume and pumping head.
5. This is the characterized as a penstock (1), in length, diameter and thickness depending on stream water volume, stream drop head and land topography. In the cases where the stream water drop head is superior to the water turbine (2) diameter, the penstock (1) would convey the stream water to the water turbine (2).
6. This is characterized as a water powered pump, which would rotate water turbine (2), by the impact of the water flow through its bottom, in case of stream water drop head inferior to the water turbine (2) radius.
7. This is the characterized as the water powered pump, using the kinetic energy of the stream water for rotating the water turbine (2), which converts the circular motion obtained from the water turbine (2) to the vertical movement by using a flange (6). The flange (6) relays the vertical movement of the connecting rod (9) to the piston (8), which moves forward and backward inside the cylinder (7).
8. This is the characterized as the water powered pump, which pumps the water to the air tank (21 ) by movement of the piston (8) inside the cylinder (7). The piston (8) creates a vacuum for the suction of the water by means of the suction pipe (17-18), while it pushes the water on the opposite site to the push pipe (19-20).
9. This is the characterized as the water powered pump, where the piston (8) pushes the pumping water into the air tank (21) by means of the push pipes (19-20). The air tank (21) that keeps the air on top, water in the bottom reduces interruptions of the pumping water.
10. This is a waterpowered pump, characterized by the diameter and the thickness of the push pipe (19-20) selected in consideration of the pumping head and friction losses.
11. This is the characterized as a water powered pump, where the system is mounted on a concrete structure or a chassis (23), of which dimensions depend on the land topography and special futures of the implementing area.
12. This is the characterized as a water powered pump, the complete system includes screws, rivets, gaskets, piston rings, welded parts and a certain number of small parts all of them being connected to each other or to the chassis (23) adequately.
13. This is the characterized as a water powered pump, where all the relations between water stream, drop head, water turbine (2) diameter, piston (8) radius, connecting rod (9), stroke length are calculated by mathematical and physical equations, in relation with penstock (1 ), water turbine (2) dimensions calculations.
14. This is characterized as a complete water powered pump, formed up resulting from figures where all details and special futures of all parts are given in the description items, as well as in the mathematical, physical, hydraulic and mechanical calculations. |
DESCRIPTION Water Powered Pump
Water powered pump (WPP) uses kinetic energy of the stream water; it doesn't need fuel, gasoline, natural gas, electric or other energy. It works day and night and pumps the water up to a certain elevation. The WPP has never been used in any part of the world and no publication exists in this regard. The existing experiences and well known scientific knowledge have been used for the creation of the WPP. Technical field
WPP shall be used for providing water for irrigation, domestic and other water requirements. WPP uses kinetic energy of the stream water. The capacity of the WPP depends on the stream water volume and drop height. The capacity of the WPP shall be calculated by using mathematical, mechanical and hydraulic formulas. Water hammer has been invented in the last century for pumping water to higher, elevations by using kinetic energy of the stream water. The water hammer also uses kinetic energy of the stream water but it works through collision of the water jet to a valve. The water hammer has been used in many places in the world. The water hammer has been used for providing water for steam-powered train by Turkish Railway Company (TCDD).
A penstock converts the stream to water hammer and kinetic energy of the pressurized water pushes the water to a rising pipe. A valve controls the forward and backward flows. As the height of the water increases, the effectiveness of the water hammer decreases. If the height of the pumping head increases, it would not be possible to pump the water to higher elevations. The capacity of the water hammer is limited and is not very effective for high elevations. The water hammers have been widely used in the world; many commercial companies have developed similar pumping systems.. The water hammer has been named "water hammer", "water ram", "rum pump", "water powered pump", "pulser pump" and so on. Some of the companies' web page addresses-are given here below.
http://www. water hammer http://www.watermotor.net.technical.htm http://members.tripod.com/~nxtwave/gaitetech/pulser/detailed .htm http://roc.com.au/menu.html httpV/www.energy-saving-technology.com/page-en/koper-en/cope r-en.html WPP completely differs from water hammer. The system has a water turbine (water wheel), which is directly connected to the WPP. The stream water rotates the water turbine and circular movement changes to a vertical movement. The vertical movement of the connection rod pushes and pulls the piston, which moves forward and backwards inside the cylinder. The water turbine and WPP are directly connected to each other and the loss of the system decreases while the productivity of the WPP increases. The volume and drop height of the stream water, effects the pumping head and pumping water volume. These four parameter relations will be calculated by using physical, mechanical, hydraulic and mathematical formulas. The water turbine and WPP dimensions have been calculated by using stream water data and pumping water head and volume. Usage of WWP
WPP can be used on the water stream and creeks with a drop. The capacity of the WPP depends on the stream water volume, head (drop height); pumped water volume and pumping head. The WPP capacity and dimensions can be designed according to topographic conditions of the area, stream water capacity " and pumping head. The WPP and water turbine dimensions have some relations with stream discharge and drop height. The topographic land characteristic would determine the capacity of the system by using mathematical formulas. There are some correlations between water head height and pumped water volume. These relations are shown on graphs in Figure 1/8 (Graph 1), Figure 2/8 (Graph 2), Figure 3/8 (Graph 3) and Figure 4/8 (Graph 4). The waterpower, pumping water volume, pump head have been calculated by using graphs and computer program, developed for this invention. WPP is designed in 4 different types, namely vertical, horizontal, and submersible and bottom
flow types (Figure 5/8, Figure 6/8, Figure 7/8, and Figure 8/8).
• Water flows from the top of the turbine and WPP works as vertical and submersible (Figure 5/8),
• Water flows from the top of the turbine and WPP works horizontally (Figure 6/8),
• Water flows from the top of the turbine and WPP works horizontally, valves are of . different types (Figure 7/8),
• If the stream water flows from the bottom of the turbine, while WPP works horizontally (Figure 8/8).
The WPP pump uses kinetic energy of the stream water and is a self-operated pump. The WPP pump has some advantages and it differs from other pumps, that have been used in the world. The advantages of the WPP have been summarized as follows:
• WPP does not need a diesel or electric driven motor. So, it does not need fuel, gasoline, natural gas, fossil fuel or any other energy,
• WPP provides water for agricultural and domestic usage, and can be used also for the recreational purpose,
• WPP works 24 hours a day without stopping, it does not require any high techniques or electronic parts,
• Production, assembling, maintenance and operation of the WPP are easy,
• It does not need any additional expenses during the working period,
• The first installment cost is not very high,
• WPP maintenance is easy and does not require any high technology,
• WPP operation and maintenance costs are minimized,
• WPP has a long service life,
• WPP placed inside a building, does not need any protective or security measures, WPP have some disadvantages
• WPP needs a stream water resource,
• WPP needs minimum 0,5 meter water head, It does not work in lakes or stagnant . water,
■ . • WPP- is subject to adverse effects of floods, so some measures should be taken for preventing flood damages.
Main Parts
WPP has twenty three main parts and some other supporting, connecting and auxiliary parts (screw, seal, gasket and so on). Details of the main parts of the WPP are shown in
Figure 5/8, Figure 6/8, Figure 7/8 and Figure 8/8. Arrows show all main parts of the WPP. '
The same main parts numbers have been given on the figures for vertical, horizontal and submersible water powered pumps. '
Main Parts of WPP
After calculating the dimension of the WPP, the design should be prepared accordingly. After identifying the dimensions, WPP can be produced in a workshop or a plant by using necessary machinery, equipment and devices. Detailed main parts of WPP are given below.
Penstock (1): Penstock (1) is a pipe that conveys the stream water to water the turbine (2). If the water flows under the water turbine (2) the system does not need any penstock (1).
Figure 8 shows this condition, where water flows under the water turbine (2). Penstock (1) length, diameter, shape and thickness depend on land topography, stream volume, drop head and stream discharge. The penstock (1) specifications, dimensions and shape should be calculated according to stream volume and stream velocity for the implementation site-specific conditions.
Water Turbine (2): Water turbine (2) rotates and changes circular movement to a straight-line movement. The turbine (2) is. a water propeller (water wheel) that has specially shaped wings on it. The water turbine (2) lets the waterpower to the WPP. The water turbine (2) diameter, dimensions, number and dimensions of the wings (width, length and shape) depend on water stream, topographic conditions of the location and pumping head.
Spindle shaft (3): Spindle shaft (3) stands in the middle of the turbine (1) and helps the rotation of the water turbine (1). Spindle shaft (3) dimensions depend on water turbine (2) weight, head of the water and WPP capacity.
Bearing (4): The spindle shaft (3) stands in bearings (4) for the reduction of the friction losses at both sides.
Ball bearing roller (5): Ball bearing roller types and size will be chosen according to water turbine (2) weight and spindle shaft (3) diameter.
Flange (6): The turbine has one flange (6) on one side or two flanges on both sides of the spindle shaft (3). The flange (6) converts the circular rotation to a vertical movement. The flange (6) diameter and dimensions shall be calculated according to piston (8) stroke distance, pumping water volume and water turbine (2) rotation speed.
Cylinder (7): Cylinder is a pipe, where piston (8) moves forward and backward inside it. The piston (8) sucks and pushes the water to higher elevations. The cylinder (7) and piston (8) diameter, stroke length and other dimensions depend on pumping water volume and rotation speed of the water turbine (2).
Piston (8): Piston (8) that is round shaped and moves forward and backward inside the cylinder, it sucks and pushes the pumping water. Piston dimensions depend on cylinder (7) diameter and pumping water volume. The piston (8) has a gasket or sealant on it in order to stop escaping pumping water to backward. WPP spindle shaft (3) has one cylinder (7) and one piston (8) if one flange exists (6) on the spindle shaft (3). If two water-powered pumps exist on both side of the spindle shaft (3), the WPP would have two cylinders (7) and two pistons (8).
Connecting rod (9): Connecting rod (9) causes the circular flange (6) movement to the piston rod (10) with a vertical stroke.
Piston rod (10): Piston rod (10) causes the connecting rod (9) movement to the piston (8) and moves piston (8) forward and backward for the suction and pushing the pumping water. Suction filters (meshes) (11-12): The suction filters (11-12) stand at end of the suction pipe (17-18) and keeps the debris from entering the suction pipes (17-18). The suction filters (11- 12) prevent foreign matters entering inside WPP. If the WPP installed on both sides of the water turbine (2), suction filters (11-12) number would increase to 4.
Flaps (13-14-15-16): WPP has suction flaps (13-14) and pushing flaps (15-16) that help suction and pushing of the pumping water. Each WPP has two suctions flaps (13-14) and two
push flaps (15-16). If water turbine (2) has two WPP each side of the spindle shaft (3), flaps (13-14-15-16) number increases up 8. The flaps (13-14-15-16) shape and dimensions depend on suction and pushing pipes (17-18 and 19-20) diameter, pumping water volume, vertical, horizontal and submersible type of the WPP.
Suction pipes (17-18): There are two suction pipes (17-18) which connect WPP cylinder (8) and suction filters (1 1-12). The suction pipes (17-18) diameter and dimensions depend on land topography, WPP capacity and pumping water volume. If WPP is mounted on both sides of the water turbine (2), the number of the suction pipes (17-18) would increases up to 4. Push pipes (19-20): There are two push pipes (19-20) which connect WPP cylinder (8) and air tank (21 ). The push pipes (17-18) diameter, wall thickness and dimensions depend on WPP capacity and pumping water volume. The push pipes (19-20) should have enough resistance for the water pressure, plastic or iron pipes may be used.
Air Tank (21): The air tank is a cylinder shape tank which conveys pumped water from push pipes (19-20) to outlet. The air tank (21) reduces back pressure of the pumped water pressure. The air tank (2) keeps the air inside the upper part of cylinder; outlet pipe (22) bottom side is close to the bottom of the air tank (21). The air tank (21) reduces back up pressure and helps WPP working more effectively. The air tank (21) volume and wall thickness are depending on pumping water volume and pumping head. Outlet (push) pipe (22): The outlet pipe (22) conveys the pumped water to a high elevation to the desired level. The volume and pressure of the pump water and pressure losses shall be taken into consideration when designing outlet pipe (22) diameter and wall thickness. Chassis or concrete base (23): The water turbine, WPP, air tank (21) and other parts are seated on a firm concrete base or an iron bar chassis (23). WWP should be seated on a chassis or a firm concrete base (23) structure. The dimensions of the chassis or firm concrete structure depend on land topography, pumped water volume, water turbine (2) dimensions and total weight of the system. The necessary materials shall be calculated according to the requirements.
As it is shown in the figures, there is not too many differences between vertical, horizontal and submersible water powered pumps. All the necessary parts are connected with screws, bolts, gaskets and wedges. Some of the parts are welded or riveted to each other. Calculation of Pumping Water Volume
A concrete structure or a chassis (23) is needed for a proper water operation of the pump. The system should be designed by using mathematical formulas and equations according to the water stream volume, drop head, water turbine (2) rotation speed and pumped water volume. The water stream volume, drop height, pumping water volume and pumping head should be calculated by using mathematical formulas and graphs.
Power of the stream water shall be calculated based on following formula:
N1 = QI x Hi x λ1 (Hp)
75 N 1 = Water power according to stream water and drop head (Horse power-HP)
Q 1 = Stream water volume(liters /sec)- (measured by a water measurement device or a flume) H 1 = Stream water drop head (m)- (can be measured by a topographical measurement equipment) λ ^= Water turbine efficiency coefficient.
Power required water powered pump:
Q 2 = Pumping water volume (liters/sec- 1/s) ,
H 2 = Pumping head (m) λ 2 = Water powered pump efficiency coefficient.
Power requirement of the water powered pump is equal to the stream water power: N1=N2'dir.
N1-N2^ Q1 x Hl x λ 1 _ Q2 x H2 ■
75 75 xλ2
Formula shall be: N1= N2 and Q1 x Hi x λ1 x λ2 = Q2 x H2
Final formula shall be: Q1 x Hi xλ1 xλ2 = Q2 x H2
The stream volume and drop of the stream should be taken into consideration and the pumping water volume and head should be calculated from above equation. If the water turbine (2) and
WPP coefficient are taken separately, the total coefficient would be λ1 x λ2= λ3.
There is a linear relation between stream water volume and drop head. If one of the parameters is increased the power would also increase. An inverse ratio exists between WPP volume and
pumping height. These four variable parameters that effect the WPP and water turbine (2) dimension selection criteria.
As each parameter would vary according to characteristic of the implementation area, capacity of the WPP and water turbine (2) dimensions that have to be calculated by given formulas and graphs. The stream water volume, drop head, pumping height and pumping water volume are shown on Figure (Graph 1-2-3-4) 1/8,2/8,3/8, 4/8 and given in Table 1 (in the calculations used for the graph and table, efficiency for both the water turbine and WPP is 0,70, total efficiency being 0,50).
Figure 1/8 (Graph 1) Stream water drop head and obtained water power (Q=50-500 liters/second)
Figure 2/8 (Graph 2) Stream water drop head and obtained water power (Q=500-500 liters/second)
Figure 3/8(Graph 3) Water Power and pumping head (Q=1-50 liters/second water volume),
Figure 1/8(Graph 4) Stream water drop head and power (Q= 5- 200 liters/second stream),
By using Figure (Graph 1-2) 1/8 and 2/8 the point of the stream water volume should be marked on the ordinate, a horizontal line should be drawn to the right where the line crosses the drop height line point and from that point a vertical line shall be drawn to the bottom (abscissa), and crossing point shall show the power of the stream water (HP).
This power value will be used for calculation of the pumping water volume (this volume has been based on 50 % energy losses at the water turbine (2) and WWP).
The power (HP) which is shown on Figures 1/8 and 2/8 should be marked on the horizontal line
(abscissa) of the Figure 3/8 or 4/8 (graph 3-4). A vertical line from that point where it cuts the pumping head line and pumping volume point, will show the selection criteria of the dimensions of the WPP.
Since the power is constant, if the pumping water volume increases, the pumping head would be reduced. The unknown values can be calculated by using the known values from the graph. An excel table has been prepared for the calculating the stream volume, -pumping head and- pumping volume relations. The cost of the energy to be consumed by WPP for the pumping water volume is given in the last column of the table (energy cost is taken as 1 kWh= 0,15 YTL).
Table 1 Pumping Volume and Pumping Head Relations Between Stream Volume and Drop Head and Cost of Energy
Calculation of the Water Turbine (2) Dimensions
The dimensions of the water turbine (2) should be calculated by using stream water drop head, stream and pumping water volume. The dimension of the water turbine (2) shall be based on calculated results and turbine will be produced from iron plates. The rotational velocity of the water turbine (2) is directly depending on stream drop and pumping water volume. So, these two parameters shall be taken into consideration for the selection of the water turbine dimensions.
The diameter of the water turbine (2) ' shall be calculated by using the following formula.
\J^^2* g * h i (free fall )
Vi : Stream water velocity- m/s (meter/second) g = Gravity ( m/s 2 )
If the water turbine (2) diameter is constant, stream water drop head would increase the rotation of the water turbine (2) per minute. There is a linear correlation between the rotation speed of the water turbine (2) and stream water drop head and consequently diameter of the water turbine (2) shall be selected according to stream water drop and pumping water volume. The water turbine ■ (2) rotation speed per minute shall be calculated by using above and below formulas.
D x 60 = v-| X n- x n
D : Water turbine (2) diameter- m (meter)
N : Water turbine (2) rotation speed - d/d (rotation/per minute)
Water turbine (2) wings length and width shall be calculated by using this formula
Q= A x Vi
Q^ = Stream water volume -liters/second (l/s)
Vi = Stream water velocity - m/s (meter/second)
A = Stream water cross section when it touches with the water turbine (2): a x b a = Water turbine (2) wing width (m) b = Water turbine (2) wing length (m)
Selection of Water Powered Pump (WPP) Capacity
WPP is a special pump that works as a two-sided pump. The reason for selection of the two-sided pump is to reduce the interruption of the water pumping action as well as to achieve a uniform water pumping action. The piston (8) that works as a two sided function reduces the energy losses and increases the WPP pumping efficiency. The volume of the WPP shall- be calculated by using following formula.
(2 F- f) x S x n 60
[(2 x ir x r a i )-( /7 X ^) ] X S X n
■ 60 ■ . . -
Qt : Water powered pump volume (liter/second-I/s)
F : Piston (8) area (cm 2 )- (π x r z 1) f : Piston rod (10) area (cm 2 ) - {π x r 2 2 ) r- | : Cylinder (7) radius (cm) r 2 : Piston rod (10) radius (cm)
S : Piston (8) stroke (impulse) length (cm) n : Water turbine (2) rotation speed (rotation/minute)
Selection of the dimensions of the suction (17-18) and push pipes (19-20): The suction pipes (17-18) and the push pipes (19-20) diameter, thickness and dimensions depend on the WPP capacity and pumping water volume. They must have sufficient resistance to water back pressure and may be manufactured using plastic or iron. The suction pipes (17-18) and push pipes (19-20) diameter and thickness shall be calculated by using below formula:
Q 2 = A x V
Q2=Pumping water volume (l/s)
A = Pipe cross section (m 2 )
V= Water velocity in the pipe (m/s)
During the selection of the suction and push pipe the friction losses should be taken into consideration for reducing such losses. On the contrary, if pipe diameter is larger, the cost of the pipes would increase. So, the pipe diameter shall be selected by taking into consideration the pumping water volume, friction losses and pipe cost.
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