Field of the Invention

The present application relates to fluid filled units and more particularly to plastic webs of interconnected pouches and to processes of converting interconnected pouches to fluid filled units.

Background.

Machines for forming and filling dunnage units from sheets of plastic are known. Machines which produce dunnage units by inflating preformed pouches in a preformed web are also known. For many applications, machines which utilize preformed webs are preferred.

Typically, the of sides of adjacent dunnage units formed from a preformed web are connected by perforations. For example, published United States Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0042191 (assigned to the Assignee of the present application) discloses a web and method for making fluid filled units. United States patent Application Publication Pub. No. 2006/0042191 is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety

Summary

Webs, methods, and apparatus for forming dunnage units are disclosed by the present application. The webs include first and second elongated layers. A plurality of seals that hermetically join the first elongated layer to the second elongated layer to form a plurality of inflatable pouches and an inflation channel that is in fluid communication with pouches and is disposed outside of the pouches. An inflation side line of perforations, a gap forming area, and an opposite side line of perforations are arranged in a line between pair(s) of the pouches. Further advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art after considering the following description and appended claims in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 illustrates a web for making fluid filled units;

Figure 2 illustrates a web for making fluid filled units;

Figure 2A illustrates a web for making fluid filled units;

Figure 3 illustrates a web with pouches inflated and sealed to form fluid filled units;

Figure 4 illustrates a web for making fluid filled units;

Figure 5 illustrates a web for making fluid filled units;

Figure 6 illustrates a web for making fluid filled units;

Figure 7A schematically illustrates a plan view of a process and machine for converting web pouches to fluid filled units;

Figure 7B schematically illustrates a plan view of a process and machine for converting web pouches to fluid filled units;

Figure 8 A schematically illustrates an elevational view of the process and machine for converting web pouches to fluid filled units;

Figure 8B schematically illustrates an elevational view of the process and machine for converting web pouches to fluid filled units;

Figure 9 illustrates a process for converting web pouches to fluid filled units;

Figure 10 illustrates a web for making fluid filled units;

Figure 1OA illustrates a web for making fluid filled units;

Figure 11 illustrates a web of pouches inflated and sealed to form fluid filled units;

Figure 12 schematically illustrates a plan view of a cutter for opening the inflation edge of a web;

Figure 13 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a web for making fluid filled units;

Figure 14 is a top view of the web shown in Figure 13;

Figure 15 is a perspective view of the web of Figure 13 with pouches inflated and sealed to form fluid filled units.

Figure 16 is a top view of the fluid filled units shown in Figure 15; and Figure 17 is a side view of the fluid filled units shown in Figure 15.

Detailed Description

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, exemplary illustrations of webs 10 of inflatable pouches 12 are shown. The webs 10 include a top elongated layer of plastic 14 superposed onto a bottom layer of plastic 16. The layers are connected together along spaced edges, referred to as the inflation edge 18 and the opposite edge 20. hi the example illustrated by Figure 1, each edge 18, 20 is either a fold or a seal that connects the superposed layers 14, 16 along the edges 18, 20. The connection at the opposite edge 20 is illustrated as a hermetic seal and the connection at the inflation edge 18 is illustrated as a fold in Figure 1. However, the fold and the seal could be reversed or both of the connections could be seals in the Figure 1 embodiment.

In the example illustrated by Figure 2, the inflation edge 18 comprises a frangible connection 21 and the opposite edge 20 is a hermetic seal. The illustrated frangible connection 21 is a line of perforations. The size of the perforations is exaggerated to clarify Figure 2. The frangible connection 21 may be formed by folding the inflation edge 18 and pulling the inflation edge over a serration forming wheel (not shown). Figure 2 A illustrates a web 10 of inflatable pouches 12 in which a frangible connection 21' is present in one of the superposed layers, in the described embodiment layer 14, at a location offset from the inflation edge 18 by a distance D ₄ . In an exemplary embodiment, the distance D ₄ is between 0.075 and 0.2 inches, in an exemplary embodiment between 0.09375 and 0.15625 inches. The frangible connection can be formed in a wide variety of different ways any of which can be used. For example, the frangible connection 21 ' can be formed by pulling the web over a serration forming wheel (not shown) prior to folding the inflation edge or by providing a serration backing plate (not shown) interposed between the layers where the serration forming wheel contacts the web so that only a single layer is acted on by the wheel.

Referring to Figures 1, 2, 2A a plurality of longitudinally spaced, transverse seals 22 join the top and bottom layers 14, 16. Generally, each transverse seal 22 extends from the opposite edge 20 to within a short distance of the inflation edge 18. Spaced pairs of lines of perforations 24, 26 extend through the top and bottom layers terminating a short distance from the edges 18, 20 respectively. A gap forming area 28 extends between each associated pair of lines of perforations 24, 26. The gap forming area 28 opens to form a gap 13 when the pouches are inflated (see Figure 3).

A gap forming area 28 denotes an area, preferably linear in shape, that will rupture or otherwise separate when exposed to a predetermined inflation force. The magnitude of the inflation force is less than the magnitude of the force needed to rupture or separate the spaced apart lines of perforations 24, 26. The gap forming area 28 can take on a number of embodiments, as will be discussed below. Any method that produces an area between the spaced apart lines of perforations 24, 26 that ruptures or otherwise separates at a force lower than a force needed to rupture or separate spaced lines of perforations 24, 26 may be employed to make the gap forming area 28.

Referring to Figure 3, the web 10 of pouches 12 (Figures 1, 2, 2A) is inflated and sealed to form a row 11 of dunnage units 12'. The formed dunnage units 12' are configured to be much easier to separate from one another than prior art arrays of dunnage units. In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 3, each adjacent pair of dunnage units 12' is connected together by a pair of spaced apart lines of perforations 24, 26. The spaced apart lines of perforations 24, 26 are spaced apart by a gap 13. A single row 11 of dunnage units 12' can be graphically described as being in a "ladder" configuration. This configuration makes separating two adjacent dunnage units 12' much easier than separating prior art arrays of dunnage units. To separate a pair of adjacent dunnage units 12, a worker simply inserts an object or objects, such as a hand or hands, into the gap 13 and pulls one dunnage unit 12' away from the other dunnage unit 12'. In the alternative, a mechanical system can be used to separate dunnage units 12'. A machine can be configured to insert an object between adjacent dunnage units 12' and apply a force to separate the units

Referring to Figures 1-3, prior to conversion to a dunnage unit, a pouch is typically hermetically sealed on three sides, leaving one side open to allow for inflation. Once the pouch is inflated, the inflation opening is hermetically sealed and the dunnage unit is formed. During the inflation process, as the volume of the pouch increases the sides of the pouch have a tendency to draw inward. Drawing the sides of the pouches inward will shorten the length of the sides of the pouch unless the sides of the pouch are constrained. In this application, the term foreshortening refers to the tendency of the length of a pouch side to shorten as the pouch is inflated. In prior art webs, the sides of the pouch are restrained, because sides of adjacent pouches are connected by lines of perforations that extend along the entire length of the pouches and remain intact during and after inflation. The foreshortening of the unrestrained sides, such as the inflation opening, may not be uniform. Restraining the sides of adjacent connected pouches can cause undesirable inflation induced stresses. These undesirable stresses caused because sides of adjacent pouches are connected and restrained, thus, limiting inflation and causing wrinkles to develop in the layers at the unrestrained inflation opening. The wrinkles can extend into a section of the inflation opening to be sealed to complete the dunnage unit, which may comprise the seal. One reason the seal can be compromised is that wrinkling can cause sections of the layers 14, 16 to fold on top of one another. A sealing station of a dunnage machine is typically set to apply the appropriate amount of heat to seal two layers of material. The sealing of multiple layers of material in the area of a wrinkle results in a seal that is weaker than remaining seal areas and may result in a small leak or tendency to rupture at loads lower than loads at which the dunnage units is designed to rupture.

In the embodiment illustrated by Figure 3, the gap forming area 28, produces a gap 13 between adjacent pouches upon inflation. The gap allows foreshortening of the connected pouch sides and thereby reduces the undesirable stresses that are introduced during inflation as compared with prior art webs. In addition, the web with a gap 13 facilitates fuller inflation of each pouch. The gap 13 maintains the inflation opening substantially free of wrinkles as the inflation opening is sealed to convert the inflated pouches to a dunnage units.

The illustrated web 10 is constructed from a heat sealable plastic film, such as polyethylene. The web 10 is designed to accommodate a process for inflating each pouch 12 in the web to create a row or ladder 11 of dunnage units 12'. The gap forming area 28 creates a gap 13 between dunnage units 12', which facilitate a efficient and effective process for separating adjacent dunnage units 12' in the row or ladder 11.

In the example illustrated by Figure 4, the gap forming area 28 defined by the web 10' includes an easily breakable line of perforations 29 between the spaced lines of perforations 24, 26. The force needed to rupture or separate the line of perforations 29 is less than the force needed to separate the perforations 24, 26 extending inward of the web edges 18, 20. Each pair of perforations 24, 26 and associated more easily breakable line of perforations 29 divide the transverse seal 22 into two transverse sections. As a pouch 12 is inflated, the line of perforation 29 begins to rapture or separate leading to the development of a gap 13 between the produced dunnage units 12' (See Figure 3). Once the pouch 12 is folly inflated, the line of perforations 29 is folly or nearly folly ruptured; however the perforations 24, 26 at the edges remain intact. These perforations 24, 26 are ruptured or separated when a worker or automated process mechanically separates the perforations 24, 26.

Figure 5 illustrates another embodiment of the web 10". In this embodiment the gap forming area 28 comprises an elongated cut 31 through both layers of material 14, 16. The cut 31 extends between each associated pair of lines of perforations 24, 26. In the embodiment illustrated by Figure 5, pairs 30 of transverse seals 22' extend from the opposite edge 20 to within a short distance of the inflation edge 18. Each of the pairs of lines of perforations 24, 26 and corresponding cuts 31 are between an associated pair of transverse seals 30. It should be readily apparent that the seal 22 shown in Figure 4 could be used with the cut 31 shown in Figure 5. It should also be readily apparent that the line of perforations shown in Figure 4 could be used with the transverse seals 22' shown in Figure 5. It should be additionally apparent that any gap forming area 28 can be used with either of the transverse seal configurations 22, 22' shown in Figures 4 and 5.

Figure 6 illustrates a further embodiment of the web 10"'. hi this embodiment, the gap forming area 28 comprises at least two elongated cuts 32, separated by light connections of plastic 36, also referred to as "ticks." These connections 36 hold transverse edges 38, 40 of the pouches 12 together to ease handling of the web 10, such as handling required during installation of the web 10 into a dunnage machine. As the pouches 12 are inflated, the connections 36 rupture or otherwise break resulting in a gap 13 between the spaced pairs of perforations 24, 26. This gap 13 allows for foil inflation and reduces the stresses in the layers at the seal site normally caused by the foreshortening and restrictions on foreshortening of webs in the prior art. The reduced stress in the layers inhibits wrinkles along the inflation opening to be sealed.

Other methods of creating a gap forming area not specifically disclosed are with the scope of the present application. Any area that separates and forms a gap between adjacent pouches as pouches 12 in a web 10 are inflated are contemplated by this disclosure.

Figure 3, illustrates a length of the web 10, 10', 10" or 10'" after it has been inflated and sealed to form dunnage units 12'. An inflation seal 42, the transverse seals 22 and an opposite edge seal 44 hermetically seal the top and bottom layers. The side edges 38, 40 of the formed dunnage units are separated to form a gap 13. Each pair of adjacent dunnage units 12' are connected together by the pair of spaced apart lines of perforations 24, 26. The gap 13 extends between the pair of spaced apart lines of perforations 24, 26. The array of dunnage units 12' is a single row of dunnage units in a "ladder" configuration. The lines of perforations 24, 26 are configured to be easily breakable by a worker or automated system. To separate a pair of adjacent units 12', a worker inserts an object, such as the worker's hand or hands into the gap 13. The worker then grasps one or both of the adjacent dunnage units 12' and pulls the adjacent dunnage units 12' relatively apart as indicated by arrows 43 a, 43b. The lines of perforation 24, 26 rupture or otherwise separate and the two adjacent dunnage units 12' are separated. The existence of the gap 13 also results in reduced stresses in the area of the inflation seal 42 at the time of sealing and accommodates increased inflation volume of the dunnage units 12' as compared with prior inflated dunnage units.

In one embodiment, the line of perforations 24 that extends from the opposite edge 20 is omitted. In this embodiment, the gap forming area 28 extends from the inflation edge line of perforations 26 to the opposite edge. In this embodiment, the gap 13 extends from the inflation edge line of perforations 26 to the opposite edge 20.

The connection of the layers 14, 16 at the inflation edge 18 can be any connection that is maintained between layers 14, 16 prior to the web 10 being processed to create dunnage units 12'. In the embodiment illustrated by Figures 1 and 2A, the connection is a fold. In the embodiment illustrated by Figure 2, the connection is a line of perforations 21. One method of producing such a web is to fold a continuous layer of plastic onto itself and create a fold at what is to become the inflation edge 18, A tool can be placed in contact with the fold to create a line of perforation. The opposite edge 20 can be hermetically sealed and the transverse hermetic seals 22 can be added along with the separated lines of perforations 24, 26 extending inward from the inflation and opposite edges 18, 20. The web shown in Figure 1 can be produced in the same manner, except the perforations are not added.

Figures 7 A, 7B, 8 A, 8B and 9 schematically illustrate a machine 50 and process of converting the webs 10, 10', 10" and 10'" to dunnage units 12'. Referring to Figures 7A, 7B, 8A and 8B, a web 10, 10', 10" or 10'" is routed from a supply 52 (Figures 8 A and 8B) to and around a pair of elongated, transversely extending guide rollers 54. The guide rollers 54 keep the web taught as the web 10 is pulled through the machine 50. At location A, the web pouches are uninflated. In the embodiment illustrated by Figure 5, pouch edges 38, 40 defined by the cut 31 are close to one another at location A. In the embodiments illustrated by Figures 4 and 6, the frangible connections 29, 36 are of sufficient strength to remain intact at location A.

A longitudinally extending guide pin 56 is disposed in the web at station B. The guide pin 56 is disposed in a pocket bounded by the top and bottom layers 14, 16, the inflation edge 18, and ends of the transverse seals 22. The guide pin 56 aligns the web as it is pulled through the machine. A separator, such as a knife cutter 58 (Figures 7 A and 8A), or a blunt surface 58' (Figures 7B and 8B) is present on the guide pin 56. In the embodiment illustrated by Figures 7A and 8A the knife cutter 58 extends from the guide pin 56. The knife cutter 58 is used to cut the inflation edge 18 illustrated by Figure 1, but could also be used to cut the perforated inflation edge 18 illustrated by Figure 2. The cutter 58 slits the inflation edge 18 as the web moves through the machine 50 to provide inflation openings 59 (See Figure 9) into the pouches, while leaving the pouches otherwise imperforate. A variation of this would have the cutter 58 cutting either layer 14, 16, or both near the inflation edge 18. In the embodiment illustrated by Figures 7B and 8B, the guide pin 56 defines a separator in the form of the blunt surface 58' and the knife cutter is omitted. The blunt surface 58' is used to break the perforated inflation edge illustrated by Figure 2. The blunt surface 58' breaks open the inflation edge 18 as the web moves through the machine to provide the inflation openings into the pouches 12.

A blower 60 is positioned after the cutter 58 or blunt surface 58' in station B. The blower 60 inflates the web pouches as the web moves past the blower. Referring to Figure 9, the web pouches are opened and inflated at station B. The seal edges 38, 40 spread apart as indicated by arrows 61 (Figures 7 A, 7B and 9) as the web pouches are inflated. In the embodiment illustrated by Figures 4 and 6, the frangible connections 29, 36 maintain successive pouches substantially aligned as the web is fed to the filling station B. The frangible connections are sufficiently weak that the connection between a pouch that has been opened for inflation and is being inflated at the fill station B and an adjacent, successive (or preceding) pouch will rupture as the pouch at the fill station is inflated. The spreading of the edges 38, 40 forms a row of inflated dunnage units in a ladder configuration and increases the volume of the air that can enter the pouches. The spreading also reduces the stresses imparted to the web adjacent the inflation side edge 18 where it is to be sealed.

The inflation seal 42 is formed at station C by a sealing assembly 62 to complete each dunnage unit. In the exemplary embodiment, the inflated volume of the pouches is maintained by continuing to blow air into the pouch until substantially the entire length of the inflation opening 59 is sealed. In the example of Figures 8 A, 8B and 9, the blower 60 blows air into a pouch being sealed up to a location that is a short distance D ₁ from closing position where the sealing assembly 62 pinches the top and bottom layers 14, 16 to maintain the inflated volume of the pouches. This distance D ₁ is minimized to minimize the volume of air that escapes from the inflated pouch before the trailing transverse seal of the inflated pouch reaches the closing position. For example, the distance D ₁ may be 0.250 inches or less, to blow air into the inflation opening unit the trailing transverse seal is within 0.250 inches of the closing position. hi the examples illustrated by Figures 8 A and 8B, the sealing assembly includes a pair of heated sealing elements 64, a pair of cooling elements 66, a pair of drive rollers 68, and a pair of drive belts 70. In an alternate embodiment, the pair of cooling elements is omitted. Each belt 70 is disposed around its respective heat sealing element 64, cooling element 66 (if included), and drive roller 68. Each belt 70 is driven by its respective drive roller 68. The belts 70 are in close proximity or engage one another, such that the belts 70 pull the web 10 through the heat sealing elements 64 and the cooling elements 66. The seal 42 is formed as the web 10 passes through first the heated sealing elements 64 and then a heat sink such as the cooling elements. One suitable heating element 64 includes heating wire 80 carried by an insulating block 82. Resistance of the heating wire 80 causes the heating wire 80 to heat up when voltage is applied. The cooling elements 66 cool the seal 42 as the web 10 is pulled between the cooling elements. One suitable cooling element is an aluminum (or other heatsink material) block that transfers heat away from the seal 42. Referring to Figure 9, the spreading of the edges 38, 40 greatly reduces the stress imparted on the web material at or near the seal 42. As a result, a much more reliable seal 42 is formed.

Figures 10-12 show another embodiment of a web 10. In this embodiment, the spaced apart lines of perforations 26 extending from the inflation edge, as shown in Figures 1 - 7B and 9, is replaced with a modified line of perforations 90. As best seen in Figure 10, a starting point 89 of the line of perforations 90 begins a distance D ₂ from the inflation edge 18 and extends away from and generally perpendicular to the inflation edge 18. As can be seen in Figure 1OA, in an embodiment in which a frangible connection 21 ' (also shown in Figure 2A) is offset from the inflation edge 18 by a distance D ₄ , the distance D ₂ is greater than the distance D ₄ . Hence, in the examples illustrated by Figures 10-12, the line of perforations 90 extends to a gap forming area 28 and an opposite edge line of perforations 24 extends to the opposite edge. In another embodiment, the gap forming area 28 is not included and the line of perforations 90 extends all the way or nearly all the way to the opposite edge.

The distance D ₂ is selected to prevent the cutter (Figure 12) from engaging the line of perforations in the exemplary embodiment. Although distance D ₂ may vary based on the particular cutter implemented, in one embodiment, distance D ₂ is approximately 0.25 to 0.375 inch in length. Figure 11 illustrates a row of inflated dunnage units. The elimination of perforations extending to the inflation edge 18 does not make it substantially harder to separate adjacent dunnage units in the row 11 of dunnage units 12' in the exemplary embodiment. The dunnage units 12' can still be separated by inserting an object or objects, such as a hand or hands, into the gap 13 and pulling one dunnage unit 12' away from an adjacent dunnage unit 12'. When the dunnage units are pulled apart, the thin web of material between the starting point 89 and the inflation edge easily breaks.

The process of forming perforations through the top and bottom layers of plastic 14, 16, as the web 10 is formed, may cause the top and bottom layers 14, 16 to be adhere or be held together at the line of a perforations. When the lines of perforations extend all the way to the inflation edge and the cutter 58 cuts on one side of the inflation edge, the cutter will engage each line of perforations. Engagement of the lines of perforations by the cutter may cause the web to bind, wrinkle, bunch up, or gather around the edge of the cutter until the cutter passes the line of perforations and begins cutting the web again. In the embodiment illustrated by Figures 10-12, engagement of the line of perforations 90 with the cutter is eliminated by beginning the line of perforations 90 a distance D ₂ away from the inflation edge 20. As illustrated in Figure 12, the tip of a cutter 58 utilized in opening the inflation edge 20 is positioned a distance D ₃ past the inflation edge 20 as the edge is opened. The distance D ₂ that the line of perforations 90 is away from the inflation edge 20 is configured to be greater that the distance D ₃ to which the tip of a cutter 58 is positioned past the inflation edge 20. As a result, the cutter 58 will not engage the lines of perforations. Likewise, in the case of the frangible connection 21 ' shown in 1OA, the cutter 58 or blunt surface 58' (Figure 7B) that opens the offset frangible connection 21' will not engage the lines of perforations 90. This eliminates the possibility that the cutter or blunt surface could engage the lines of perforations and cause the web to bunch up or gather around the cutter 58 or blunt surface 58' as the cutter 58 opens the inflation edge.

Figures 13 and 14 illustrate another embodiment of a web 1310 of inflatable pouches 1312. Any of the features of the webs illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 4-6, and 10- 12 can be incorporated into the web 1310 or replace features of the web 1310 described below. Further, any of the features of the web 1310 can be incorporated into the webs illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 4-6, and 10-12 or replace features of the webs described in Figures 1, 2, 4-6, and 10-12. The web 1310 includes a top elongated layer of plastic 1314 superposed onto a bottom layer of plastic 1316. The layers are connected together along spaced edges, referred to as the inflation edge or side 1318 and the opposite edge or side 1320.

In the example illustrated by Figure 13, an optional frangible connection 1321 is spaced apart from the inflation edge 1318. The illustrated frangible connection 1321 is a line of perforations. The frangible connection 1321 is present in one of the superposed layers, at a location offset from the inflation edge 1318 by a distance. This distance may be between 0.075 and 0.25 inches, in an exemplary embodiment between 0.09375 and 0.15625 inches, for example 0.13 inches.

Referring to Figures 13 and 14, a plurality of seals 1322 join the top and bottom layers 1314, 1316 to define pouches 1312. The seals 1322 may take a wide variety of different configurations. In the example illustrated by Figures 13 and 14, the seals 1322 define an elongated tube having a length L ₁ and a width W ₁ (see Figure 14). The seals 1322 further define a mouth 1323 of the elongated tube having a width W ₂ that is narrower than the width W ₁ of the elongated tube.

In the embodiment illustrated by Figures 13 and 14, optional mouth dividing seals 1325 divide the mouth 1323 into multiple ports 1327 and reduce the area of the mouth through which air can pass. This reduction of the area through which air can pass, reduces the amount of an air which escapes as the pouch is sealed. The dividing seals 1325 can take any form and can define any number of inflation ports 1327. Spaced pairs of lines of perforations 1324, 1326 extend through the top and bottom layers. A gap forming area 1328 extends between each associated pair of lines of perforations 1324, 1326. In the embodiment illustrated by Figures 13 and 14, the inflation side line of perforations 1326, the gap forming area 1328, and the opposite side line of perforations 1324 are arranged in an in-line, end to end configuration between adjacent pairs of the pouches 12.

Referring to Figures 15-17, the gap forming area 1328 opens to form a gap 1313 when the pouches are inflated. In the embodiment illustrated by Figures 13 and 14, at least one of the lines of perforations 1324, 1326 are significantly longer than the gap forming area 1328. For example, the line of perforations 1324 and/or the line of perforations 1326 may be at least three times as long as the gap forming area 1328. In one embodiment, a length L ₂ of the line of perforations 1324 is three to ten times as long a length L ₃ of the gap forming area and a length L ₄ of the line of perforations 1326 is the same length or shorter than the length L ₃ of the gap forming area 1328.

The gap forming area 1328 may be positioned and sized to allow better inflation of the pouch 1312 and give the user a hole to start to tear with. In the embodiment illustrated by Figures 13-17, a start or beginning 1329 of the gap forming area 1328 is aligned or substantially aligned with a transition 1331 of the tube from the mouth (having width W ₂ ) to the elongated tube portion (having width Wi). The length L ₃ of the gap forming area may be selected for the particular application of the pouches 1312. hi one embodiment, the length L ₃ of the gap forming area may be between one and four inches, for example the length L ₃ may be about 1.8 inches.

As described above, a gap forming area 1328 denotes an area, preferably linear in shape, that will rupture or otherwise separate when exposed to a predetermined inflation force. The magnitude of the inflation force is less than the magnitude of the force needed to rupture or separate the spaced apart lines of perforations 1324. The gap forming area 1328 can take a variety of different forms, as discussed above. Any method that produces an area between the spaced apart lines of perforations 1324, 1326 that ruptures or otherwise separates at a force lower than a force needed t rupture or separate spaced lines of perforations 1324, 1326 may be employed to make the gap forming area 28.

Referring to Figures 13-14, prior to conversion to a dunnage unit, a pouch 1312 is typically hermetically sealed on three sides, leaving the mouth 1323 open to allow for inflation. Once the pouch is inflated, the mouth 1323 is hermetically sealed and the dunnage unit 1312' is formed as described above.

In the embodiment illustrated by Figures 13-17, the gap forming area 1328, produces a gap 1313 between adjacent pouches upon inflation. The gap allows foreshortening of the connected pouch sides in the area of the mouth 1323 and thereby reduces the undesirable stresses that are introduced during inflation. The gap 1313 maintains the inflation opening substantially free of wrinkles as the inflation opening is sealed to convert the inflated pouches to a dunnage units.

The illustrated web 1310 is constructed from a heat sealable plastic film, such as polyethylene. The web 1310 is designed to accommodate a process for inflating each pouch 1312 in the web to create a row or ladder 1311 of dunnage units 1312. The gap forming area 1328 creates a gap 1313 between dunnage units 1312, which facilitate a efficient and effective process for separating adjacent dunnage units 1312 in the row or ladder 1311. The gap forming area 1328 may be an easily breakable line of perforations, an elongated cut through both layers of material, or separated by light connections of plastic, also referred to as "ticks" as described above.

Figures 15-17 illustrate a length of the web 1310 after it has been inflated and sealed to form dunnage units 1312'. An inflation seal 1342 seals the pouches 1312 shut. Each pair of adjacent dunnage units 1312' are connected together by the pair of spaced apart lines of perforations 1324, 1326. The spaced apart lines of perforations 1324, 1326 are spaced apart by the gap 1313.

A single row 1311 of dunnage units 1312' can be graphically described as being in a "ladder" configuration. This configuration makes separating two adjacent dunnage units 1312' easy. To separate a pair of adjacent dunnage units 1312', a worker simply inserts an object or objects, such as a hand, hands, finger and/or fingers, into the gap 1313 and pulls one dunnage unit 1312' away from the other dunnage unit 1312'. In the alternative, a mechanical system can be used to separate dunnage units 1312'. A machine can be configured to insert an object between adjacent dunnage units 1312' and apply a force to separate the units. The existence of the gap 1313 also results in reduced stresses in the area of the inflation seal 1324, 1326 at the time of sealing and accommodates increased inflation volume of the dunnage units 1312'.

The web 1310 can be converted to dunnage units 1312' using the machine 50 and process schematically illustrated by Figures 7A, 7B, 8A, 8B and 9 and as described with respect to the webs 10, 10', 10" and 10""". However, the web 1310 can be converted to dunnage units 1312 in any manner. When the web 1310 includes the line of perforations 1321, this line of perforations 1321 will be broken as the machine 50 converts the web 1310 to dunnage units 1312'.

The present invention is not to be considered limited to the precise construction disclosed. Various modifications, adaptations and uses may occur to those skilled in the art to which the invention relates. All such modifications, adaptations, and uses fall within the scope or spirit of the claims.