TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001 ] The present invention relates generally to the field of building structures using pipe as a structural member, and in one particular embodiment relates to the use of reclaimed pipe such as drill pipe which has been used for oil extraction.

BACKGROUND

[0002] The conventional method of building with pipe requires the employment of an experienced welder. The welder employs a torch or plasma cutter, a chop saw, a grinder, a welding rod, oxygen and acetylene tanks, grinding wheels, a power source, and the like.

[0003] As an example, a welder may build a fence from reclaimed drill pipe. To do so the welder begins by cutting drill pipe from raw stock, using a demolition saw, to form posts and rails which match the structure specifications. Once the posts are cut, they are pounded into the ground along the fence line. Using an oxygen and acetylene cutting torch the welder cuts a saddle into each post top to hold the top rail. Next he will cut a piece of pipe to extend between adjacent posts, including cutting a saddle out of each end to fit the two posts. A jig may be used to mark and cut the pipe. A torch or plasma device is used to cut the saddle, and thus a rough edge is left and it is necessary to grind a smooth surface before welding. Each saddle is thusly formed by hand and there will be imperfections and variations in the shape of the saddles. In order to attempt to achieve a proper saddle fit, the welder might pound the rail into the post or use a welding rod to fill gaps and imperfections.

SUMMARY

[0004] The following presents a simplified summary of the disclosure in order to provide a basic understanding to the reader. This summary is not an extensive overview of the disclosure and it does not identify key/critical elements of the invention or delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts disclosed herein in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0005] However, the conventional method has many draw backs. Gaps or imperfections in the saddle can result in an unwanted moisture path in the finished joint. Gaps will also result in a weaker weld and a weaker finished structure. Lack of consistency between the saddles and the welds negatively affects the look, feel, and strength of the finished product. Also, significant grinding is necessary to remove sharp burs and the like, in order to ensure that livestock or people will not be harmed by contact with jagged weld points. The process of creating joints by hand is even more complicated when creating corner joints at angles such as 45 or 22.5 degrees. Such corner joints require the precise marrying of two hand-cut pieces, and may thus be even more prone to have gaps and imperfections.

[0006] Additionally, the conventional technique is a work-intensive endeavor that requires experienced and expensive labor.

[0007] Further still, new regulations and safety standards are being implemented with respect to plasma devices and torches, and in some states multiple parties are required in order to manage the hazards of a plasma device or torch.

[0008] The present invention eliminates the need for hand-crafting each joint of a structure by providing a universal auxiliary fitting component which is configured to be usable in several different types of joints, as discussed in more detail below. The invention described herein has a goal of eliminating the above-discussed problems and hazards. According to the features and aspects of the present invention, it is possible to reduce or eliminate the occurrence of gaps and imperfections in the joints between pipe members, reduce the amount of labor required to build a structure, reduce the experience and expertise needed to achieve a strong and durable structure, reduce the amount of grinding required, and reduce or eliminate the need for a plasma device or torch. The present invention reduces the need for precision cuts, and reduces the occurrence of imperfections to thereby yield a stronger finished structure of a higher overall quality. Additionally, because it is possible to reduce or eliminate gaps in the joints between pipes, the finished structure will last longer due to the elimination of unwanted moisture penetration.

[0009] Although the present invention is not limited to the use of reclaimed or used drill pipe, the invention is especially useful due to the fact that there are millions of feet of discarded drill pipe which can be used to build fences, storage sheds, dwelling structures, and the like by utilizing the present invention. Such recycling is particularly advantageous in view of the fact that oil drilling is often undertaken in remote regions where materials and resources are limited.

[001 0] The above-described advantages of the present invention are achieved using a corner fitting having a sleeve body with a hollow inner space and configured to coaxially fit over a pipe member of a predetermined size. The sleeve body has a first distal end and a second distal end spaced apart from the first distal end in a

longitudinal direction, and an edge of the sleeve body at the first distal end has two protruding tabs and two recesses. The two protruding tabs and the two recesses of the first distal end of the sleeve body are configured and arranged such that the first distal end of the sleeve body fits over the pipe member of the predetermined size with the sleeve body contacting an outer periphery of the pipe member at the protruding tabs and at the recesses in a state in which a longitudinal axis of the pipe member is perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the sleeve body and the pipe member is nested in the recesses and between the two protruding tabs of the first distal end. An edge of the sleeve body at the second distal end has a corner cut portion, a protruding tab, and two recesses. The corner cut portion is configured and shaped such that the sleeve body fits together with an identical sleeve body on the pipe member of the predetermined size in an arrangement with the longitudinal axes of the two sleeve bodies being transverse with respect to each other with the corner cut portions of the two sleeve bodies contacting each other and with the pipe being nested between the protruding tabs of the second distal ends of the two sleeve bodies.

[001 1 ] The two recesses, the protruding tab, and the corner cut portion of the second distal end of the sleeve body may be configured and arranged such that the second distal end of the sleeve body fits over the pipe member of the predetermined size with the sleeve body contacting an outer periphery of the pipe member at the recesses and the protruding tab in a state in which a longitudinal axis of the pipe member is perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the sleeve body and the pipe member is nested in the recesses of the second distal end. The corner cut portion includes two knobs and an arcuate recess extending inwardly in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve body between the two knobs, with one of the two knobs being contiguous with one of the recesses at the second distal end of the sleeve body and the other of the two knobs being contiguous with the other of the recesses at the second distal end of the sleeve body. The arcuate recess of the corner cut portion is configured such that the sleeve body fits together with an identical sleeve body at a predetermined angle with the corner cut portions contacting each other over an entirety of each corner cut portion.

[001 2] The above-described configuration of a corner fitting advantageously facilitates the creation of several different types of joints with the same fitting member, thereby eliminating the need for painstakingly shaping and grinding the ends of pipe members to fit together during construction of a structure.

[001 3] Many of the attendant features will be more readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[001 4] The present description will be better understood from the following detailed description read in light of the accompanying drawings, wherein : [001 5] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a corner fitting in accordance with an embodi ment of the present invention ;

[001 6] FIG. 2 shows a front view of the corner fitting of FIG. 1 ;

[001 7] FIG. 3 shows a rear view of the corner fitting of FIG. 1 ;

[001 8] FIG. 4 shows a top view of the corner fitting of FIG. 1 ;

[001 9] FIG. 5 shows a left side view of the corner fitting of FIG. 1 ;

[0020] FIG. 6 shows a right side view of the corner fitting of FIG. 1 ;

[0021 ] FIG. 7 shows a bottom side view of the corner fitting of FIG. 1 ;

[0022] FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of a splice fitting in accordance with an embodi ment of the present invention ;

[0023] FIG. 9 shows a front view of the splice fitting of FIG. 8;

[0024] FIG. 1 0 shows a rear view of the splice fitting of FIG. 8;

[0025] FIG. 1 1 shows a top view of the splice fitting of FIG. 8;

[0026] FIG. 1 2 shows a left side view of the splice fitting of FIG. 8;

[0027] FIG. 1 3 shows a right side view of the splice fitti ng of FIG. 8;

[0028] FIG. 1 4 shows a bottom side view of the splice fitting of FIG. 8;

[0029] FIG. 1 5 shows two splice fittings disposed on a pi pe member in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention ;

[0030] FIG. 1 6 shows a structure that can be formed with two splice fittings disposed on a pipe member and interposed between two vertical pipe members in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention ;

[0031 ] FIG. 1 7 shows a top view of the structure of FIG. 1 6;

[0032] FIG. 1 8 shows a front view of a structure formed with two corner fittings disposed on a pipe member and interposed between two vertical pipe members in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention ;

[0033] FIG. 1 9 shows a structure that can be formed with two corner fittings and a pipe member in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention ; [0034] FIG. 20 shows a structure that can be formed with two corner fittings and a pipe member in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention ;

[0035] FIG. 21 shows a top view of the structure of FIG. 20;

[0036] FIG. 22 shows a top view of a corner fitting at an angle Θ of 45 degrees in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention ;

[0037] FIG. 23 shows a top view of a corner fitting at an angle Θ of 22.5 degrees in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention ;

[0038] FIG. 24 shows a splice fitting used as an upright connector in accordance with an embodi ment of the present invention ;

[0039] FIG. 25 shows a side view of a corner fitting used as an upright connector in accordance with an embodi ment of the present invention ;

[0040] FIG. 26 shows a different side view of a corner fitting used as an upright connector in accordance with an embodi ment of the present invention ;

[0041 ] FIG. 27 shows a corner fitting used as an end-to-end connector in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention ;

[0042] FIG. 28 shows a splice fitting used as an end-to-end connector in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention ;

[0043] FIG. 29 shows a structure formed of multiple splice fittings and multiple corner fittings in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention ;

[0044] FIG. 30 shows a fence structure formed of multiple splice fittings and multiple corner fittings in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention ;

[0045] FIG. 31 shows a flow chart illustrating a method of building a structure including a splice fitting in accordance with an embodi ment of the present invention ;

[0046] FIG. 32 shows a flow chart illustrating a method of building a structure including a corner fitting in accordance with an embodi ment of the present invention ; and

[0047] FIG. 33 shows a strength test of a structural member made from sleeve bodies in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. [0048] Like reference numerals are used to designate like parts in the accompanying drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The detailed description provided below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of the present examples and is not i ntended to represent the only forms in which the present example may be constructed or uti lized. The description sets forth the functions of the example and the sequence of steps for constructing and operating the example. However, the same or equivalent functions and sequences may be accomplished by different examples.

[0050] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, and not meant as a li mitation on the invention. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used on another embodi ment to yield a still further embodiment. It is intended that the present application include such modifications and variations as come within the scope and spirit of the invention. Repeat use of reference characters throughout the present specification and appended drawings represents the same or analogous features, elements, or steps of the invention.

[0051 ] FIGs. 1 through 7 show an embodiment of a corner fitting (20). The corner fitting (20) includes a sleeve body (2 1 ) having a hollow inner space (22) and con FIG .d to coaxially fit over a pi pe member of a predetermined size. The sleeve body has a first distal end (24) and a second distal end (25) spaced apart from the first distal end (24) in a longitudinal direction (200).

[0052] An edge of the sleeve body (2 1 ) at the second distal end (25) has a corner cut portion (29), a protruding tab (27), and two recesses (28), the protrudi ng tab (27) protruding farther than the recesses in the longitudinal direction (200). The protruding tab (27) is diametrically opposed to the corner cut portion (29) in the radial direction of the sleeve body (21 ), and the recesses (28) are diametrically opposed to each other in the radial direction of the sleeve body, such that the recesses (28) are arranged between the protruding tab (27) and the corner cut portion (29) in the circumferential direction of the sleeve body.

[0053] The two recesses (28), the protruding tab (27), and the corner cut portion

(29) of the second distal end (25) of the sleeve body are con FIG.d and arranged such that the second distal end (25) of the sleeve body can fit over the pipe member of the predetermined size with the sleeve body contacting an outer periphery of the pipe member at the recesses (28) and the protruding tab (27) in a state in which a

longitudinal axis of the pipe member is perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the sleeve body (21 ) and the pipe member is nested in the recesses (28) of the second distal end (25). The corner cut portion (29) is con FIG.d and shaped such that the sleeve body fits together with a corner cut portion of an identical sleeve body or substantially identical sleeve body, as shown in FIG. 1 9. In other words, the two sleeve bodies are identical or very similar in structural configuration, and in particular the depth, angle, and curvature of the corner cut portion. The two corner fittings can be disposed on the pipe member (30) of the predetermined size in an arrangement with the longitudinal axes of the two sleeve bodies being transverse with respect to each other while the corner cut portions (29) of the two sleeve bodies contact each other and the pipe is nested between the protruding tabs (27) of the second distal ends (25) of the two sleeve bodies. This arrangement of two corner fittings forms a corner joint, as shown in FIG. 1 9. The corner cut portions (29) make constant contact with each other around their entire circumferential extent, and the remainder of the edge of each sleeve body makes constant contact around its entire circumferential extent with the pipe member (30).

[0054] An edge of the sleeve body at the first distal end has two protruding tabs

(27) and two recesses (28), the protruding tabs (27) protruding farther than the recesses

(28) in the longitudinal direction (200). The protruding tabs (27) are diametrically opposed to each other in a radial direction of the sleeve body, and the recesses (28) are diametrically opposed to each other in the radial direction of the sleeve body, such that the protruding tabs and the recesses are arranged alternately around a circumferential direction of the sleeve body.

[0055] The two protruding tabs (27) and the two recesses (28) of the first distal end (24) of the sleeve body are con FIG.d and arranged such that the first distal end (24) of the sleeve body (2 1 ) can fit over the pipe member of the predetermined size with the sleeve body contacting an outer periphery of the pi pe member at the protruding tabs (27) and at the recesses (28). The longitudinal axis of the pipe member is perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the sleeve body (21 ) and the pipe member is nested in the recesses (28) and between the two protruding tabs (27), and constant contact is maintained around the entire edge of the sleeve body (21 ). Such a

config uration allows for an H-joint to be formed such as that shown in FIG. 1 8, and also allows for a T-joint (i.e. upright connector) to be formed such as that shown in FIG. 25.

[0056] The corner cut portion includes two knobs (29a, 29b) and an arcuate recess (29c) extending inwardly in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve body (2 1 ) between the two knobs (29a, 29b). A first one of the two knobs (29a) is contiguous with one of the recesses at the second distal end of the sleeve body and the other of the two knobs (29b) is contiguous with the other of the recesses at the second d istal end of the sleeve body. The arcuate recess (29c) of the corner cut portion (29) is con FIG.d such that the sleeve body fits together with an identical sleeve body at a predetermined angle with the corner cut portions contacting each other over an entirety of each corner cut portion. In other words, the corner cut portion has a depth and curvature so as to form a predetermined angle when paired with another such sleeve body in a mirror image arrangement such as that shown in FIGs. 1 9 and 20.

[0057] The angle formed by the corner fitting can be 90 degrees, 45 degrees,

22.5 degrees or the like. Specifically, a corner fitting can be made which will result in a desired angle ranging from 5 degrees to 90 deg rees. Each corner fitting forms one predetermined angle, and is usually to be used with a corner fitting corresponding to the same predetermined angle. Accordingly, a user will select corner fittings based on the desired angle to be formed and/or according to the specifications of the structure being built. The corner fitting is an out-of-the-box fitting, which is to say that it is prefabricated and distributed in standardized sizes corresponding to the diameters of pipes which are most often used. This allows the end user to avoid the delay and imprecision of forming connections by shaping the ends of the pipe members themselves.

[0058] The above-described configuration of a corner fitting

advantageously facilitates the creation of several different types of joints with the same member, thereby eliminating the need for hand-crafting the ends of pipe members to fit together. In particular, the corner fitting can be used to create a corner joint, an H- joint, a T-joint, and can also be used to connect pipe members end-to-end.

Accordingly, a person who wishes to construct a fence, storage shed, dwelling, or other structure using pipe as a structural load bearing member can obtain several corner fittings or several dozen corner fittings, depending on need, and select and use each individual corner fitting based on the type of joint desired. It is thus appreciated that a corner fitting can be used as a universal fitting.

[0059] When the corner fitting is disposed to coaxially fit over a pipe member, a clearance between the fitting and the pipe member is not more than 1 /4 of an inch, and is preferably not more than 1 /32 of an inch. As such, the fitting is in close contact with the pipe member, and a strong structural unit can be formed by the overlap and close contact of the fitting and pipe member when these two pieces are connected.

[0060] The sleeve body of the present invention is made of ASTM or ASTM

A283C steel in one embodiment. In other embodiments the sleeve body can be made of any carbon steel or other suitable material. The present invention can be used with pipe of any type of steel or metal, including standard steel pipes, line steel pipes, aluminum pipes, and copper pipes. Aluminum or copper pipes could be brazed instead of welded, or alternatively could be fixed with self-tapping screws or the like. [0061 ] FIGs. 8 through 1 4 show an embodi ment of a splice fitting (1 0). The splice fitting (1 0) includes a sleeve body (1 1 ) having a hollow inner space (1 2) and config ured to coaxially fit over a pipe member of a predetermined size. The sleeve body of the splice fitting has a first distal end (1 ) and a second distal end (1 5) spaced apart from the first distal end (1 4) in a longitudinal direction (1 00). An edge of the sleeve body of the splice fitting at the first distal end has two protruding tabs (1 7) and two recesses (1 8). The protruding tabs (1 7) protrude farther than the recesses (1 8) in the long itudinal direction. The protruding tabs (1 7) are diametrically opposed to each other in a radial direction of the sleeve body, and the recesses (1 8) are diametrically opposed to each other in the radial direction of the sleeve body, such that the protruding tabs (1 7) and the recesses (1 8) are arranged alternately around a circumferential direction of the sleeve body. The second distal end (1 5) of the sleeve body (1 1 ) has the same or substantially the same shape as the first end (1 4). The protruding tabs (1 7) of the first distal end (1 4) may be offset by 90 degrees from the protruding tabs (1 7) of the second distal end (1 5)

[0062] As shown in FIGs. 1 6 and 1 7, the two protruding tabs (1 7) and the two recesses (1 8) are configured and arranged such that either end of the sleeve body (1 1 ) can fit over the pipe member of the predetermined size with the sleeve body (1 1 ) contacting an outer periphery of the pi pe member at the protruding tabs (1 7) and at the recesses (1 8). The longitudinal axis of the pipe member is perpendicular to a long itudinal axis of the sleeve body and the pipe member is nested in the recesses and between the two protruding tabs, and constant contact with the pi pe member is maintained around the entire edge of the sleeve body (1 1 ). Such a configuration allows for an H-joint to be formed such as that shown in FIG. 1 6, and also allows for a T-joint to be formed such as that shown in FIG. 24.

[0063] FIGs. 1 5 through 28 show different joints that can be formed by the above-described corner fitting and splice fitting i n accordance with embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 1 5 shows two splice fitti ngs (1 0) disposed on a horizontal pipe member (30). FIG. 1 6 shows a structure that can be formed with two splice fittings (1 0) disposed on a pipe member (30) and interposed between two vertical pipe members (40). FIG. 1 7 shows a top view of the structure of FIG. 1 6. FIG. 1 8 shows a front view of a structure formed with two corner fittings (20) disposed on a pipe member (30) and interposed between two vertical pipe members (40). The vertical pipe members (40) of FIGs. 1 6 and 1 8 may be, for instance, fence posts for a fence structure or load bearing members of a dwelling structure or shed .

[0064] FIG. 1 9 shows a corner joint that can be formed with two corner fittings

(20) and a pipe member (40). FIG. 20 shows another corner joint that can be formed with two corner fittings (20) and a pi pe member (40). FIG. 2 1 shows a top view of the structu re of FIG. 20. FIG. 22 shows a top view of a corner fitting at an angle Θ other than 90 degrees. The angle Θ shown in FIG . 22 is 45 degrees, but in other

embodi ments the angle may be any desired angle. FIG. 23 shows a top view of a corner fitting at an angle Θ of 22.5 degrees. A corner joint can be used at a corner of a fence, a corner of a dwelling structure, a corner of a shed, or the like.

[0065] FIG. 24 shows a splice fitting used (1 0) as an uprig ht connector between a vertical pipe member (40) and a horizontal pipe member (30). FIG. 25 shows a side view of a corner fitting (20) used as an upright connector. The upright connector can be used to form a top rail of a fence, a hand railing , or a topmost horizontal load bearing member of a shed or the like. FIG. 26 shows a different side view of a corner fitting used as an u pright connector.

[0066] FIG. 27 shows a corner fitting (20) used as an end-to-end connector of pipe member (30) and pi pe member (50) with longitudinal axes that are parallel or substantially parallel. FIG. 28 shows a splice fitti ng used as an end-to-end connector of pipe member (30) and pipe member (50) with longitudinal axes that are parallel or substantially parallel. An end-to-end connection can be desirable to connect two pi pe members wh ich form the top rail of a fence, for example. [0067] FIG. 29 shows a structure formed of multiple splice fittings (1 0) and multiple corner fittings (20). FIG. 30 shows a fence structure formed of multiple splice fittings (1 0) and multiple corner fittings (20). As can be appreciated from the examples of FIG. 29 and 30, the variety of structures which can be constructed using the present invention is virtually limitless.

[0068] FIG. 31 shows a flow chart illustrating a method of building a structure including a splice fitting. A splice fitting is provided or obtained in step 1 of the method, and in step 2 the splice fitting is disposed coaxially on a first pipe member. One end of the splice fitting is welded to the first pipe member in step 3, resulting in the arrangement shown in FIG. 24 between pipe member (40) and splice fitting (1 0). In step 4, a second pipe member is arranged perpendicular relative to the first pipe member and between the protruding tabs of the other end of the splice fitting, resulting in the arrangement shown in FIG. 24 between pipe member (30) and splice fitting (1 0). In step 5, the other end of the splice fitting is welded to the second pipe. In such a manner, a T-joint or upright connector is fabricated. Such a joint is disposed within a larger structure in accordance with the specifications of the structure being built.

[0069] FIG. 32 shows a flow chart illustrating a method of building a structure including two corner fittings arranged to create a corner joint. Two corner fittings are provided or obtained in step 1 of the method. The two corner fittings will usually be corner fittings which are identical in the depth, angle, and curvature of the corner cut portion, and thereby constitute two corner fittings con FIG.d to create the same predetermined angle. In step 2 the two corner fittings are then arranged with the corner cut portions contacting each other and with a pipe member nested between the protruding tabs, resulting in the arrangement shown in any of FIGs. 1 9-23. In step 3, the corner fittings are welded to each other and to the pipe member, thereby creating a corner joint. Such a joint is disposed within a larger structure in accordance with the specifications of the structure being built. [0070] As can be appreciated from FIG. 31 and 32 , the variety of structures which can be constructed using the present invention is virtually limitless.

[0071 ] The present invention is particularly advantageous with respect to drill pipe because there are millions of feet of used or discarded drill pipe. This material can be reclaimed and recycled by constructing a structure therefrom. Such recycling is particularly advantageous in view of the fact that oil drilling is often undertaken in remote regions where materials and resources are li mited. The term "drill pipe" as used herein refers to oilfield d rill pipe of the general type disclosed in U.S. Patent 6,244,631 and U.S. Patent 5 , 505 , 502 , the contents of both of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

[0072] However, the present invention is not strictly limited to used or reclaimed drill pipe. The present i nvention can be used with pipe of any type of steel or metal, including standard steel pipes, line steel pipes, aluminum pipes, and copper pi pes. Alu minum or copper pipes could be brazed instead of welded, or alternatively could be fixed with self-tapping screws or the like. The sleeve body of the corner fitting or splice fitting is made of ASTM or ASTM A283C steel in one embodiment. In other

embodi ments the sleeve body can be made of any carbon steel or other suitable material.

[0073] An embodi ment of the present invention also enhances weld strength by creating a capillary action which causes the weld to be sucked into the fitting between the sleeve body and the pipe member. This is possi ble with the use of magnetically compli mentary steel materials for the sleeve body and the pipe member. FIG. 33 shows a strength test of a structural member made from sleeve bodies of the present invention.

[0074] Sleeve bodies are welded to pipe members in one embodiment, and the welding can be wire feed welding, stick welding, or brazing. Self-tapping screws, drill and bolt connections, epoxy, other types of adhesives, and /or the like can be used in other embodiments. [0075] Particular embodiments that are used with reclaimed drill pipe are sized specifically for use with designated sizes of drill pipe. For instance, an end user who has many linear feet of 2.875 inch drill pi pe (2 and 7/ 8ths inch outside diameter) would obtain corner fittings and /or splice fittings which are sized for use with 2.875 inch drill pipe. An end user can obtain corner fittings and splice fittings based on the diameter of pipe which is expected to be used, the type of structures expected to be built, and the angles which need to be formed. Sizes for drill pi pe vary, and can go up to a diameter of approximately 7.5 inches; other applications may use even bigger pipe.

[0076] Because an ind ividual corner fitting fits coaxially over a pipe of a predetermined size in an arrangement such as that shown in FIG. 27, and also has a first distal end which fits over a pipe of the same predetermined size with the long itudinal axis of the pipe being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fitting in an arrangement such as that shown in FIG. 1 8, and also fits together with a similar corner fitting to create a corner joint on a pipe of the same predetermined size in an arrangement such as that shown in FIG. 1 9, each individual corner fitting is capable of creating several different types of joints with a g iven size of pi pe. For instance, when the fitting is sized to be used with 2.875 inch drill pipe, the fitting can create the coaxial joint or end-to-end joint shown in FIG. 27, the T-joint shown in FIG. 1 8, and the corner joint shown in FIG. 1 9 all with pi pe having an outer diameter of 2.875 inches. In the same manner, a splice fitting sized to be used with 2.875 inch drill pipe can create a coaxial or end-to-end joint shown in FIG. 28 and the T-joint shown in FIG. 24 both with pi pe having an outer diameter of 2.875 inches.

[0077] Those skilled in the art will realize that the process sequences descri bed above may be equivalently performed in any order to achieve a desired result. Also, sub-processes may typically be omitted as desired without taking away from the overall functionality of the processes described above.