To obtain a nonwoven fabric comprising short fibers made of conjugate filament yarns of excellent cooling disposition. spinnability and drawability following their delivery from a spinneret, good in biodegradability which is controllable, and having enough excellent mechanical properties to stand its practical use.

First, a melt conjugate spinning is conducted to produce a sheath-core type conjugate fiber made up of core component consisting of a 1st biodegradable aliphatic polyester and sheath component consisting of a 2nd biodegradable aliphatic polyester lower in melting point than the 1st polyester. Subsequently, the conjugate fibers are drawn, the resultant oriented filament yarns are then mechanically crimped and cut to a specified length into short fibers, which are then carded into a short fiber web, which is, in turn, subjected to fluid jet treatment to effect three-dimensional interlacing of the constituent fibers into integration, thus affording the objective biodegradable short fiber nonwoven fabric.