To provide a cotton dust-collecting and treating device in a textile machine, capable of suppressing the reduction in a sucking power by a sucking fan by reducing an amount of the cotton dust adhering to a filter, and enabling the frequency of removal operation of the cotton dust, carried out by manual operation to be reduced.

The cotton dust-collecting and treating device in the textile machine is constituted as follows. A first filter 12 is arranged in the interior of a closed box 11 to form a cotton dust-treating chamber R1 and an exhaustion chamber R2. A second filter 13 is arranged in the cotton dust-treating chamber R1 to divide the treating chamber R1 into an air flow-circling chamber R3 and a cotton dust wandering chamber R4. A communication passage 14 for communicating between the lower part of the air flow-circling chamber R3 and the lower part of the cotton dust wandering chamber R4 is formed between the lower end edge of the second filter 13 and the bottom plate 11d of the closed box 11. The air sucked from the duct 15 to the air flow-circling chamber R3 is introduced from the communication passage 14 to the cotton dust wandering chamber R4 to generate a rotational air flow for allowing the cotton dust to wander. Thus, the amount of the cotton dust adhering to the first filter 12 is reduced to prevent the reduction in sucking power by the fan 19 and to reduce the frequency of the removal operation of the attached cotton dust by the manual operation.