Description Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an aqueous polyurethane resin dispersion and more specifically to the use of the polyurethane resin in treatment liquids of substrates for ink jet printing with aqueous ink jet inks or treatment liquids of printed images.

Background Art

[0002] In recent years, inkjet techniques have been increasingly utilized for

industrial printing applications such as displays, posters, bulletin boards, packaging, textile, etc.. In such applications durability such as light fastness, water resistance, and wear resistance are important

requirements of the printed images and pigment based inks therefore have been developed.

[0003] inks, such as solvent-based inkjet inks using an organic solvent as a

vehicle, and ultraviolet curable inkjet inks including a polymerisable monomer as a main component have been used widely in industrial applications.

[0004] However, the solvent-based inkjet inks are not environmentally preferable because the solvent is evaporated in the atmosphere. The ultraviolet curable inkjet inks have limited application fields because they may have skin sensitizing properties depending on the monomer used and an expensive ultraviolet irradiation apparatus is required to be incorporated to the main body of a printer.

[0005] In view of such background, there have been developed pigment based aqueous inks for inkjet recording capable of being directly used for printing on porous and non-porous substrates and which give less environmental load. These inks are characterized by the presence of a resin which binds the pigments and prevents rubbing off the images from the substrate leading to an improved solvent and scratch resistance. [0006] Usually, an ink-jet recording medium for aqueous ink jet inks includes a substrate such as paper, a plastic film or textile fabric and an ink-jet receiving layer provided thereon.

[0007] The layer is formed from an ink-jet receiving agent which mostly contains a water soluble resin such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and the like and any of various additives, in order to prevent bleeding and / or ink coalescence caused by the water based ink or improve ink absorbing property. Problems are caused because bleeding and coalescence arises due to insufficient adsorption of the aqueous pigment ink into the ink-jet receiving layer.

[0008] Moreover, there is a problem that a printed image made by jetting aqueous ink jet inks has poor waterproof characteristics. The most popular method to improve the waterproof characteristics is a method wherein an ink-jet receiving agent is used which includes an aqueous cationic resin such as a poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) in addition to the

aforementioned resin in the ink. Waterproof characteristics can be improved by fixing of the pigment of the aqueous ink due to the

electrostatic bonding between an anionic group of the pigment in the ink and a cationic group of the water-soluble cationic resin. However, since the water-soluble cationic resin itself tends to be easily dissolved in water, the effect for improving waterproof characteristics was insufficient.

Furthermore, these polymers do not crosslink with each other nor form a film, leading to poor physical properties of the printed image.

[0009] W014042652 discloses a fixer fluid to be used for making an ink-receiving layer and comprising a liquid vehicle, a surfactant, and a cationic polymer. The cationic polymer can be selected from the group of quaternized polyamines, dicyandiamide polycations, diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride copolymers, quaternized dimethylaminoethyl(meth)acrylate polymers, quaternized vinylimidazole polymers, alkyl guanidine polymers,

alkoxylated polyethylene imines,

[0010] JP2015163678A discloses an aqueous pigment composition for printing on a porous substrate such as textile which guarantees an improved washing fastness and rubbing resistance of the images on the fabric. The aqueous composition comprises pigment particles containing a urethane resin obtained by reacting polyester polyols with polyols comprising an ionic or non-ionic group and polyisocyanate.

[0011] US2009/0233065 discloses an ink jet pre-treatment liquid containing a cationic polyurethane. The cationic polyurethane is obtained by making use of a chain extending agent having a tertiary amino group, hence bringing a cationic group in the main chain of the resin. The resin assures a good adhesion of the resin to non-porous substrates. Storage stability of the pre-treatment liquid containing the cationic polyurethane is still to be improved

[0012] US2008/0090949 discloses an ink-jet receiving agent including a cationic polyurethane resin aqueous dispersion. The resin provides excellent waterproof characteristics on a coating which is formed after removing water from the dispersion. The tertiary amino group containing polyol having secondary OH-groups will have limited reactivity, limiting the length of the polymer chains and hence reducing the physical properties of the resin such as adhesion, scratch resistance, and mechanical performance. Furthermore, the method of preparation of the cationic polyurethane as disclosed in US2008/0090949 is laborious, since first the tertiary amino group containing polyol needs to be prepared in advance. The

incorporation of polyalkylene glycol units is limited into the main chain of the polyurethane, which will lead to inferior properties with respect to colloidal stability of the aqueous resin dispersion.

[0013] As described above, there is great need for the development of a

treatment liquid of substrates for ink-jet printing with aqueous pigment inks which show improved storage stability and which can provide an ink-jet receiving layer which is excellent in printing quality (colour density increase, coalescence and bleeding decrease) and which provides printed images showing excellent physical properties (adhesion, waterproof characteristics and solvent resistance) and which can be produced via an efficient synthesis method.

Summary of invention [0014] It is an objective of the invention to provide a solution for the above stated problems. The object has been achieved by incorporating a polyurethane resin dispersion as defined in claim 1 into an aqueous treatment liquid.

[0015] According to another aspect, the present invention includes an aqueous treatment liquid according to claim 7, wherein the polyurethane resin is included as a binder.

[0016] According to another aspect, the present invention includes an inkjet

recording method using the polyurethane resin as defined in claim 1. This method is defined in claim 10.

[0017] Other features, elements, steps, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention. Specific embodiments of the invention are also defined in the dependent claims.

Description of embodiments

A. Aqueous polyurethane resin dispersion

[0018] The aqueous polyurethane resin dispersion of the present invention is characterised by the fact that the resin comprises a tertiary amino group or quaternary N-atom, a polyalkylene oxide and a polyester. The polyalkylene oxide is present in a side chain of the polyester urethane backbone.

Preferably the tertiary amino group is protonated such that a cationic group is present in the resin. Both the cationic group and the polyalkylene oxide increase the dispersibility and colloidal stability of the resin in water. The polyester urethane resin of the invention is obtainable by reacting a polyester polyol containing aromatic moieties with, a polyether diol, a polyol containing a tertiary amino group or quaternary N-atom and a polyisocyanate.

A.1. Polyester polyol [0019] The polyester polyol used in the reaction leading to the resin of the invention, is obtained by reacting an aromatic polycarboxylic acid and a polyol.

[0020] The polyester polyol is a resin formed by an esterification reaction or

transesterification reaction between at least one aromatic polycarboxylic acid component and at least one polyol component. Specific examples of the aromatic polycarboxylic acid include dibasic acids such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid,

1 ,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1 ,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid; tri- or higher -valent polybasic acids such as trimellitic acid and pyromellitic acid; and acid anhydrides thereof, for example, phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride; and the like. As the aromatic

polycarboxylic acid component, one or more dibasic acids selected from the dibasic acids mentioned above, lower alkyl ester compounds of these acids, and acid anhydrides are mainly used. If necessary, a monobasic acid such as benzoic acid, croton ic acid or p-t-butyl benzoic acid; a tri- or higher valent polycarboxylic acid such as trimellitic anhydride,

methylcyclohexene tricarboxylic acid or pyromellitic anhydride; or the like can be further used in combination with the polycarboxylic acid

component. It is preferred that the polyester is prepared using dicarboxylic acids which give linear polymer chains, in particular 1 ,4-terephtalic acid copolymers give a better performance regarding colloidal stability in aqueous medium, than phthalic acid anhydride copolymers. Besides terephthalic acids, one could use also other para- or linear substituted polycarboxylic acids to obtain the desired properties such as 2,6- naphthalenedicarboxylic acid or 1 ,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid.

[0021] The preferred carboxylic acid is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid such as terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid. The content of aromatic acids within the resin is equal to or higher than 30 mol% and preferably equal to or higher than 50 mol% with respect to the total amount of dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides. T reatment liquids comprising polyurethane resins obtained by reaction of polyesters polyols containing aromatic polycarboxylic acids do show an improved colloidal stability and lead to images with an improved solvent resistance and an improved dry and wet scratch resistance. The good results obtained with terephthalic acids and isophthalic acids has probably to do with obtaining a certain amount of crystallinity of the polyurethane resin or providing linear amorphous chains which contribute more to the desired physical properties such as scratch resistance and solvent resistance. Introducing phthalic acid anhydride or isophthalic acid in terephthalic acid based polyesters reduces the crystallinity or chain end-to-end distance and improves the solubility in organic solvents. For terephthalic acid based polyester polyols, it is preferred to use copolymers of terephthalic acid with isophthalic acid or phthalic acid anhydride, more preferably having at least 20 mol% isophthalic acid or phthalic acid anhydride units. For the same reason polyester polyols with only phthalic acid anhydride are less preferred than copolymers where terephthalic acid is incorporated. Polyester polyols based on only phtalic acid anhydride could be very soluble in the polymerization solvent for the PU preparation, but a dried coating will have also a lower solvent resistance. Therefore it is preferred that the aromatic polyester polyol contains between 20 and 80 mol% of terephthalate groups on the basis of the total amount of dicarboxylic acids (or acid anhydrides) in the polyester polyol.

[0022] Very suitable polyester polyols containing terephthalic ester units and

isophthalic ester units in a ratio of 1 :1 mol % are: Dynacoll 7150 supplied by Evonik, Marl, Germany, Vylon 220 from Toyobo, Osaka Japan and Elitel 1401 obtained from Unitika Ltd Dusseldorf Germany.

[0023] In order to obtain the desired properties of the polyester polyol and using a high content of terephthalic acid, one could use also a mixture of dicarboxylic acids. For example to reduce the crystallinity one could use a mixture of terephthalic acid and adipic acid. Consequently one could use also polyester polyols based on a mixture of aromatic polycarboxylic acids and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid, succinic acid, methylcyclohexene tricarboxylic acid, fumaric acid and sebacic acid or anhydrides such as tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride, hexahydrophtalic acid anhydride, maleic acid anhydride and succinic acid anhydride. [0024] Polyester polyols with a high content of terephthalic acid could have a poor solubility in the preparation solvent (e.g. acetone) for the PU preparation or could have a too high degree of crystallinity in order to get good adhesive properties. In particular this is the case when only non-branched diols are used for the polyester polyol, such as 1 ,2-ethylene glycol or 1 ,4-butane diol. When using terephthalic acid based polyester polyols with more than 35 mol% terephthalic acid, one can preferably use a mixture of different non-branched diols (e.g. a mixture of 1 ,2-ethylene glycol and 1 ,4-butane diol) or a mixture of a non-branched diol (e.g. ethylene glycol) with a branched diol (e.g. neopentyl glycol). When using mixtures of different diols for the polyester polyol, one could use high terephthalic acid contents, even up to 100 mol% based of the total dicarboxylic acid content.

[0025] Specific examples of the polyol component include diols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1 ,4- butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1 ,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1 ,5-pentanediol,

1 ,4-hexanediol and 1 ,6-hexanediol; and tri- or higher-valent polyols such as glycerin, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol. For the polyol component, diols as mentioned above are mainly used, and if necessary, tri- or higher-valent polyols such as glycerin, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol can be further used in combination with the diols. Aromatic diols can also be used to increase the content of aromatic moieties in the polyester polyol. Suitable aromatic diols are: p- xylene glycol, 1 ,5-naphthalenedimethanol, 1 ,4-naphthalenedimethanol, 4,4'-bis(hydroxymethyl)biphenyl, bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, bis(2- hydroxypropyl) terephthalate, 1 ,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid 1 ,5-bis(2- hydroxyethyl) ester, 4,4-bis(hydroxymethyl) diphenylmethane, 2,2-bis(4-p- hydroxyethoxyphenyl)propane (diethoxylated bisphenol A) and bis[p-(2- hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]methane.

[0026] Preferably diols with a Mw equal to or less than 400 are used together with the polyester polyol. These polyols can be used singly or as mixture of two or more kinds. A.2. Polyether diol

[0027] The polyether diol which is used in the present invention can be obtained by addition polymerization of an alkylene oxide with at least one

compound having two or more active hydrogen atoms. Examples of this compound include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, 1 ,3-butanediol, 1 ,4-butanediol, 1 ,6- hexanediol, glycerol, trimethylolethane and ethylolpropane. Examples of the alkylene oxide include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide, epichlorohydrin and tetrahydrofuran. Preferred polyether diols are compounds according to Formula 1.

wherein R1 is methyl or ethyl, R2 is H or C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, more preferably C-i- C ₄ alkyl and n represents an integer from 5 to 50, more preferably from 10 to 40 and most preferably from 15 to 30.

[0028] The polyether diol preferably used in the present invention, is Ymer N120 or Tegomer D 3403, i.e. a-[2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butyl]-u methoxy- Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl). These diols can be prepared from trimethylol propane oxetane (TMPO). A possible synthesis procedure is described by Fock, J.; Mohring, V., Polyether-1 ,2- and -1,3-diols as macromonomers for the synthesis of graft copolymers, 1. Synthesis and characterization of the macromonomers. Die Makromo/eku/are Chemie 1990, 191 (12), 3045- 3057.

[0029] In general also other polyether 1 ,2- or 1 ,3-diols can be used. For a good stability the polyether graft needs to be well water soluble in order to give a good steric stabilisation. In the case of Ymer N120 the polyether is only composed of ethylene oxide segments, but this can also be a copolymer of different alkylene oxides. Furthermore in the current macro-monomer diol the end group is a methoxy group, this end group can also be other end groups such as a hydrophilic end group (such as anionic groups, e.g. carboxylic, sulphate, phosphate, etc...). The content of the polyether diol in the polyurethane resin is preferably 30 wt.% or less, but more than 1 wt.% with respect to the polyurethane resin, more preferably the polyether diol content is equal to or less than 15 wt.% and more than 2 wt.% with respect to the polyurethane resin. A content of the polyether diol of less than 30 wt.%, but more than 1 wt.% with respect to the polyurethane resin, has an additional improvement in scratch resistance and solvent resistance of the jetted and dried image with respect to polyether diol content outside this range.

A.3. Polyols containing a tertiary amino group and/or a quaternary N-atom

[0030] Examples of the cationic group in the polyurethane resin of the invention can be selected from protonated amines, protonated nitrogen containing heteroarmoatic compounds, quaternized tertiary amines, N-quaternized heteroaromatic compounds, quaternized tertiary amines and N- quaternized heteroaromatic compounds being more preferred.

[0031] In one embodiment of the invention, a polyol is used containing a tertiary amino group, ie. a precursor for obtaining a cationic group after

protonation using an acid, e.g. acetic acid.

[0032] Preferably the polyol is a diol, which can react with a polyisocyanate in order to give urethane bonds of the prepared polyurethane and which comprises a tertiary ammonium group or quaternary N-atom. The tertiary amino group or quaternary N-atom can be present in the main chain or in the side chain of the prepared polyurethane resin. In the first case, the tertiary ammonium group or quaternary N-atom is present between two reactive OH-g roups of the polyol. In the second case, the tertiary ammonium group or quaternary N-atom is present as a side group onto a carbon chain between two reactive OH-groups of the polyol. Reactive OH- g roups are groups which can react with a polyisocyanate.

[0033] After preparation of the polyurethane in a solvent like acetone, the tertiary amino group can be converted to a quaternary ammonium group by protonation with an acid, e.g. acetic acid. Subsequently water is added during a high shear treatment or stirring to obtain an aqueous dispersion. Subsequently the organic solvent (e.g. acetone) is removed by distillation under reduced pressure.

[0034] Examples of suitable diols having a tertiary amino group or a N-atom in the main chain, for introducing a cationic group in the resin are: N- Methyldiethanolamine (e.g. Genocur MDEA available via Rahn AG) : CAS Registry Number 105-59-9, 2-[(2-Hydroxyethyl)phenylamino]ethanol, CAS Registry Number 120-07-0, 2-[Ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol, CAS Registry Number 139-87-7, 2,2’-(Butylimino)diethanol, CAS Registry Number 102-79-4, Diethanol-m-toluidine, CAS Registry Number 91-99-6,

N , N-Di hyd roxyethy l-p-tol u id i n (DHEPT avialble via Saltigo): CAS Registry Number 3077-12-1.

[0035] Examples of suitable diols having a tertiary group or N-atom in the side chain for introducing a cationic group in the resin are: 2- [(Dimethylamino)methyl]-1 ,3-propanediol, CAS Registry Number 69040- 18-2, 2-Methyl-2-dimethylaminomethyl-1 ,3-propanediol, CAS Registry Number 36254-31-6, 2-Ethyl-2-dimethylaminomethyl-1 ,3-propanediol,

CAS Registry Number 25941-41-7, 2-Diethylaminoethyl-2-methyl- 1 ,3- propanediol, CAS Registry Number 29006-31-3 , 2-Diethylaminomethyl-2- ethyl-1 ,3-propanediol, CAS Registry Number 26102-95-4, 3- [methyl(phenylmethyl)amino]- 1,2-propanediol, CAS Registry Number 60278-98-0. Diols having a N-atom in the side chain have the advantage that the colloidal stabilisation of the produced polyurethane resin is further improved with respect to the diols having a N-atom in the main chain.

[0036] When using a tertiary amino group containing polyol, the amino group can be converted to a cationic group by protonation using an inorganic or organic acid. Examples of inorganic acids are hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, boric acid, etc. Examples of organic acids include: acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, lactic acid, benzoic acid, toluene sulphonic acid, phenol, salicylic acid, acrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, stearic acid, glutamic acid, sulfoethyl methacrylate, carboxyethyl acrylate or other organic compounds with an acidic proton such as sulphonamides or thiols.

[0037] Examples of diols having a quaternary N-atom are: N,N-

Dimethyldiethanoiamine = CAS Registry Number 44798-79-0, with different counter ions e.g. Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium methanesulfonate = CAS registry number 152390-17-5

[0038] Other examples of compounds having a quaternary N-atom are pyridinium salts, e.g. 1 , 1 '-Bis^-hydroxyethyl^^'-bipyridylium diiodide = CAS registry number 25015-61 -6, [p-(2,3-Dihydroxypropoxy)phenyl]trimethylammonium bromide = CAS regsiry number 109732-00-5, [m-(2,3- Dihydroxypropoxy)phenyl] trimethylammonium bromide = CAS registry number 109731-98-8, [2-[p-(2,3-Dihydroxypropoxy)phenoxy]

ethyl]trimethylammonium iodide = CAS registry number 110056-43-4 and quarternary amino diols having the quarternary amino group in the side chain, e.g. 2,3-Dihydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium = CAS registry number 44814-66-6.

[0039] In a further preferred embodiment, the polyol having a tertiary amino group is N , N’-d ihyd roxyethyl-p-tolu id i n , 2,2'-(methylimino)diethanol) or 3- (Dimethylamino)-1 ,2-propanediol.

A.4. Polyisocyanates

[0040] Specific examples of the organic polyisocyanate compound that is reacted with the polyester polyol to make the resin of the invention, include aliphatic diisocyanates such as lysine diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate and trimethylhexane diisocyanate; cyclic aliphatic

diisocyanates such as hydrogenated xylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, methylcyclohexane-2, 4 (or 2,6)-diisocyanate, 4,4'- methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) and 1,3-

(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane; aromatic diisocyanates such as tolylene diisocyanate, xylene diisocyanate and diphenylmethane diisocyanate; organic polyisocyanates themselves, including tri- or higher-valent polyisocyanates such as lysine triisocyanate; adducts each composed of such an organic polyisocyanate with a polyhydric alcohol, a low molecular weight polyester resin or hydrogen; and cyclised polymers (for example, isocyanurate), biuret type adducts and the like, each formed from various di isocyanate compounds mentioned above.

[0041] It is preferable, from the viewpoint of storage stability of the treatment liquid composition, that the organic polyisocyanate compound according to the invention include at least one selected from non-yellowing type polyisocyanate compounds such as isophorone diisocyanate,

hexamethylene diisocyanate and lysine diisocyanate, and it is more preferable that the organic polyisocyanate compound include at least isophorone diisocyanate.

[0042] Furthermore, the organic polyisocyanate compounds can be used singly alone or as mixtures of two or more kinds.

A.5. Reaction conditions

[0043] With regard to the conditions for the reaction between the polyester polyol, the polyether diol, the polyol containing a tertiary ammonium group or quaternary N-atom and the organic polyisocyanate compound, those conventionally used reaction conditions can be used without particular limitation.

[0044] Besides the preferred terephthalate containing polyester polyols also a mixture of different polymeric polyols can be used to adjust the physical properties, adhesion, mechanical performance, etc. Examples are e.g. polycarbonate polyols, polyether polyols, polyacrylate polyols, aliphatic polyester polyols, polyolefin polyols or other polymeric polyols. Examples of polycarbonate polyols are e.g. Oxymer C112, Oxymer M112 (available via Perstorp), Kuraray polyol C-2050, C-2090, C-1090 (available from Kuraray), Converge HMA-1 and Converge HMA-1 (available from

Novomer Inc.), Duranol T6002, T6001 , T5652, T5651 , T5650J, T4672, T4671, T4692 and T4691 (available from Asahi kasei). Additional aliphatic polyester polyols, are e.g. regular (semi)crystalline or amorphous grades, e.g. based on hexane diol adipates (e.g. Dynacoll 7372 from Evonik) but also polyester polyols based on natural products such as polyester polyols made by using dimer acid or dimer diols (e.g. trade name Priplast from Croda), examples are Priplast 3192 and Priplast 1838. The raw material used to prepare certain Priplast grades, i.e. dimer diols with trade name Pripol can also be used as monomer in the PU synthesis to modify the physical properties and adhesive properties.

[0045] In the reaction between the polyester polyol and the organic

polyisocyanate compound, if necessary, a diol with Mw equal to or less than 400 can be used. Examples of suitable diols are: ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1 ,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1 ,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1 ,5-pentanediol, 1,4- hexanediol and 1 ,6-hexanediol; and tri- or higher-valent polyols such as glycerin, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol. 1 ,4- butane diol is most preferred.

[0046] In the polyurethane synthesis different high molar mass polyols and low molecular weight diols can be reacted, besides the polyether diols used for stabilization of the polyurethane dispersion. In the procedure used, the stabilizing polyols and the polyester polyol (Mw > 400 g/mol) are reacted with in excess of isocyanate. This enables a good conversion of the reaction. Depending on the molecular weight and the copolymer composition, the polyester polyol, may have a poor solubility in the reaction solvent (e.g. acetone). Also the polyol with the anionic group has a poor solubility in acetone. After reacting using an excess of isocyanate, the excess is compensated to a NCO/OH molar ratio by addition of a low molecular weight diol, which would lead to a polyurethane resin with very low amount of residual isocyanate. In case some residual isocyanate is present some urea bonds could be formed. Examples of suitable diols are given above.

[0047] So in the reaction conditions used a pre-condensation step with NCO/OH- ratio >1 and a chain extension step at NCO/OH-ratio = 1.0 can be distinguished. Instead of using a 2-step process, one could use also a one-step or semi-continuous process. In the 2-step process, when using a high NCO/OH ratio more low molar mass diol (chain extender) is added and the weight ratio of the polyester polyol is reduced. In order to obtain the desired properties, the amount of polyester polyol as compared to low molar mass diols should be considerably higher, i.e. at least 50 wt.%. Surprisingly it was found that upon using high NCO/OH ratios in the precondensation step this resulted into polyurethane dispersions with poorer colloidal stability because of more coarse particles leading to an ink jet ink having poorer filterability. Reacting at a higher NCO/OH ratio in the precondensation step will lead also to a higher content of urethane units, which are able to form hydrogen bonds. When keeping the type of polyester polyol constant and also the chain extender, reacting at an NCO/OH ratio more close to NCO/OH = 1 .0, leads to better colloidal stability and better filtration properties of the formulated ink jet ink.

Consequently when the NCO/OH ratio and the amount of urethane bonds play an important role, also the molecular weight of the polyester polyol and the low molar mass diol plays a role. In the most examples only one polyester polyol is used and only one low molar mass diol. When using mixtures of diols one can easily calculate the number average molecular weight which will affect the NCO/OH ratio.

[0048] It was found that there was a direct correlation between the filterability and the NCO/OH ratio and consequently the weight ratio of polyester polyol / low molar mass diol. An even better correlation was found when this weight ratio was corrected for the molecular weight of the polyester polyol and the low molar mass diol. As an example the corrected polyol ratio is calculated for 2 polyester polyols which are reacted with the low molar mass diol 1 ,4-butane diol. First the weight ratio is calculated, defined by the weight of the monomers weighed for the polyurethane synthesis. The corrected polyol ratio is preferably higher than 0.2. The correction for the (number average) molar mass of the in the polyol ratio is calculated as follows:

[0049] The Corrected polyol ratio = ((number average molecular weight low molar mass diols) x (weight ratio polyester polyol / low molar mass diol)) / (number average molecular weight polymeric polyol). [0050] In the formula for the corrected polyol ratio, all polymeric polyols and low molar mass diols are taken into account except the polyether diol and the polyol containing the anionic group.

[0051] The number average molecular weight is calculated from the hydroxyl content, i.e. (2 x 1000) / ((mg KOH/g)/56.11).

[0052] Examples of the organic solvent used for the reaction between the

polyester polyol, the polyether diol, the polyol comprising a tertiary amino group or quaternary N-atom and the organic polyisocyanate compound, here include ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, acetates such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, nitriles such as acetonitrile, and amides such as dimethyl formamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and N-ethylpyrrolidone. These may be used singly or in combinations of two or more.

[0053] Using higher molecular weight polyols than Ymer120N will give more

phase separation, providing a better water dispersibility. However for the making of the polyurethane resin, it is more difficult to dissolve these polyols in de organic solvent, e.g. acetone. This can be overcome by using a co-solvent during the polycondensation reaction. A preferred co-solvent is 2-pyrolidon or N-methylpyrrolidone.

[0054] The treatment liquid composition of the invention contains the

polyurethane resin as an essential component. Therefore, the

polyurethane resin is preferably dispersed in water to obtain an aqueous dispersion of the polyurethane resin. Every dispersing technology suitable for preparing an aqueous dispersions may be used.

B. Treatment liquid composition

[0055] The treatment liquid according to the present invention contains the

polyurethane resin as described in §A, and water. Additional components which may be added to the treatment liquid are given below. The amount of polyurethane resin in the treatment liquid is equal to or lower than 30 wt.%. The treatment liquid can be applied onto the substrate or to the printed images by means of a coating technique, a spraying technique or a jetting technique.

B.1. Water soluble organic solvent

[0056] The treatment liquid of the invention may contain, besides water as a

solvent, also a water-soluble organic solvent. Examples of water-soluble organic solvents include polyhydric alcohols such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1 ,3-propanediol, 1 ,3-butanediol, 1 ,4- butanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediol, 2-methyl-1 , 3-propanediol, 1 ,2- pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1 ,5-pentanediol,1 ,6-hexanediol, 2-ethyl-1 , 3- hexanediol, 1 ,2-hexanediol and 2,5-hexanediol, polyhydric alcohol alkyl ethers such as dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, tripropylene glycol n-propyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, triethylene glycol methyl ether, triethylene glycol methyl ether, triethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol n-hexyl ether and ethylene glycol phenyl ether, and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds such as 2- pyrrolidone and N-methylpyrrolidone.

[0057] Other preferred water soluble organic solvents include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1 ,2-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 2-methyl-2, 4- pentanediol, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol n-butyl ether, propylene glycol t-butyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol n-propyl ether and ethylene glycol n-butyl ether.

[0058] The content of the water-soluble organic solvent, in the aqueous ink jet ink is preferably less than 70 wt.%. If the content exceeds 70% by mass, the ink loses its water based, hence more green character.

B.2. Surfactant

[0059] In the treatment liquid of the present invention, a surfactant may be added in order to ensure wettability onto the substrate. The amount of the surfactant added is preferably 0.1 wt.% to 5 wt.% as an active component in the ink. [0060] If the amount added is below 0.1% by mass, wettability onto the substrate is not sufficient and causes degradation in image quality and in adhesion to the substrate. The surfactant that can be used is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above limitation.

[0061] While any of an amphoteric surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant, or a cationic surfactant can be used, non-ionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ester, polyoxyethylene

alkylamine, polyoxyethylene alkyl amide, a polyoxyethylene propylene block polymer, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester and an ethylene oxide adduct of acetylene alcohol are preferably used in terms of a relationship between dispersing stability and image quality. In addition, a fluorine-based surfactant and a silicon-based surfactant can be used in combination (or singly) depending on

formulation.

[0062] Suitable surfactants are siloxane based surfactants such as Tego Twin 4000 from Evonik Industries, Tegowet 270 from Evonik industries,

Hydropalat WE3220 from BASF, silane based surfactants such as Silwet HS312 from Momentive and fluor containing surfactants such as: Thetawet FS8150 from Neochem GMBH, Capstone FS3100 from Dupont, Tivida FL2500 from Merck and surfactants from the Dynol, Envirogem & Surfynol series from Air products.

B.3. Additives

[0063] Together with the polyurethane resin, a multivalent metal ion can be

contained in the treatment liquid. Suitable examples are water-soluble metal salts formed from bi- or higher valent metal cations, such as magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, zirconium, and aluminum, and anions, such as a fluoride ion (F ), a chloride ion (Cl·), a bromide ion (Br) , a sulfate ion (SO ₄ ² -), a nitrate ion (NO ₃ -), and an acetate ion (CH3COO).

[0064] These polyvalent metal ions have a function of aggregating ink by acting on anionic groups such as the carboxyl groups on the surface of the pigment or the dispersed polymer of capsules contained in the ink. As a result, the ink remains on the surface of the substrate to improve the colour-developing property. Therefore, it is preferred that the surface of the pigment in the ink and/or the dispersed polymer of the capsules contained in the ink have an anionic group selected from the group of carboxyl group, sulfonate group and phosphonate group, most preferably carboxyl group.

[0065] The treatment liquid may also contain organic acids. Preferred examples of the organic acids include, but are not limited to acetic acid, propionic acid, and lactic acid.

[0066] The treatment liquid may also contain colorants, such as pigments.

Particularly useful for printing on dark textile is a treatment liquid

containing a white pigment. The preferred pigment for the aqueous treatment liquid ink is titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide (TIO2) pigment useful in the present invention may be in the rutile or anatase crystalline form. Processes for making T1O2 are described in greater detail in "The Pigment Handbook", Vol. I, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, NY (1988), the relevant disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes as if fully setforth.

[0067] The titanium dioxide particles can have a wide variety of average particle sizes of about 1 micron or less, depending on the desired end use application of the treatment liquid. For applications demanding high hiding or decorative printing applications, the titanium dioxide particles preferably have an average size of less than about I pm. Preferably, the particles have an average size of from about 50 to about 950 nm, more preferably from about 75 to about 750 nm, and still more preferably from about 100 to about 500 nm.

[0068] In addition, unique advantages may be realized with multiple particle sizes, such as opaqueness and UV protection. These multiple sizes can be achieved by adding both a pigmentary and a nano grade of TIO2.

[0069] The titanium dioxide pigment may also bear one or more metal oxide

surface coatings. These coatings may be applied using techniques known by those skilled in the art. Examples of metal oxide coatings include silica, alumina, aluminasilica, boria and zirconia, among others. These coatings can provide improved properties including reducing the photoreactivity of the titanium dioxide. Metal oxide coatings of alumina, aluminasilica, boria and zirconia result in a positive charged surface of the TSO ₂ pigments and hence are particularly useful in combination with the cationic stabilised capsules of the invention because no additional surface treatment of the pigment is required.

[0070] Commercial examples of such coated titanium dioxides include R700

(alumina-coated, available from E.l. DuPont deNemours, Wilmington Del.), RDI-S (alumina-coated, available from Kemira Industrial Chemicals, Helsinki, Finland), R706 (available from DuPont, Wilmington Del.) and W- 6042 (a silica alumina treated nano grade titanium dioxide from Tayco Corporation, Osaka Japan). Other suitable white pigments are given by Table 2 in [0116] of WO 2008/074548. The white pigment is preferably a pigment with a refractive index greater than 1.60. The white pigments may be employed singly or in combination. Preferably titanium dioxide is used as pigment with a refractive index greater than 1.60. Suitable titanium dioxide pigments are those disclosed in [0117] and in [0118] of WO

2008/074548.

C. Application method of the treatment liquid

[0071] The treatment liquid according to the present invention is suitable for

treating different substrates, porous and non-porous ones. Porous substrates include paper, card board, white lined chipboard, corrugated board, packaging board, wood, ceramics, stone, leather and textile. Non- porous substrates include metal, synthetic leather, glass, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, PET, PMMA, polycarbonate, polyamide, polystyrene or co-polymers thereof. The treatment liquid according to the present invention is also suitable for treating jetted images, commonly known as post treatment fluid.

[0072] All well-known conventional methods can be used for coating or

impregnating the treatment liquid on a substrate or on a image formed by jetting an aqueous inkjet ink. Examples of the method include air knife coating, blade coating, roll coating, gravure coating. After applying the treatment liquid onto a substrate, the coating is preferably dried before printing the image onto the treated substrate.

[0073] The treatment liquid is particularly suitable for treating non-porous

substrates, before or after printing images with inkjet printing.

[0074] The treatment liquid is also suitable for treating textile fabrics. The textile fabric used is made of one type of fibre or blended fibre of two or more selected from the group consisting of cotton, hemp, rayon fibre, acetate fibre, silk, nylon fibre, and polyester fibre. The fabric may be in any form, for example, a woven, knitted, or nonwoven form of the above-mentioned fibres. The treatment liquid containing the polyurethane resin according to the invention can be preferably applied to the fabric by spraying, coating, padding or pad printing. Alternatively, the pre-treatment liquid may also be applied to the fabric using an ink jet head or valve jet head. This means of applying the treatment liquid has the advantage that the amount of required treatment liquid is substantially lower than with the other application methods. By means of a jetting head, it is possible to apply treatment liquid onto areas of the fabric where the image should be printed. Suitable ink jet head types for applying the treatment liquid are piezoelectric type, continuous type, thermal print head type or valve jet type.

[0075] Fabric to which the treatment liquid has been applied may be dried and optionally undergo a heat treatment, before the subsequent ink jetting step with the pigment containing ink. Examples of the heating process include, but are not limited to, heat press, atmospheric steaming, high-pressure steaming, and THERMOFIX. Any heat source can be used for the heating process; for example, an infrared ray lamp is employed.

[0076] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the treatment liquid, after having been applied onto a substrate, is not substantially dried before the image is printed by means of the jetting of the aqueous ink jetting step.

EXAMPLES Measurement Methods

1. Viscosity

[0077] The viscosity of the treatment liquids was measured at 32°C using a“ Robotic Viscometer Type VISCObot” from CAMBRIDGE APPLIED SYSTEMS.

2. Storage stability

[0078] Treatment liquid stability was evaluated numerically and visually. If the relative viscosity of the treatment liquid increases more than 40% after being stored for 2 weeks at 60°C the treatment liquid is called unstable. If the treatment liquid solidifies or if phase separation can be seen the treatment liquid is called unstable.

Materials

[0079] All materials used in the following examples were readily available from standard sources such as Sigma-Aldrich (Belgium) and Acros (Belgium) unless otherwise specified. The water used was demineralised water.

• Acetone is acetone p.a. supplied by VWR International

• Vylon 220 is a polyester polyol containing terephthalic ester and

isophthalic ester units obtained from Toyobo

• Ymer N120 is 1 ,3 diol polyether supplied by Perstorp

• Genocure MDEA is 2,2'-(methylimino)diethanol supplied by Rahn AG

^• DHEPT is N,N-Dihydroxyethyl-p-toluidin and available via Saltigo

• DBTL is dibutyl tin laurate (KEVER-KAT DBTL 162) supplied by

Brenntag

• IPDI is a Vestanat IPDI, isocyanate supplied by Evonik

• BD is 1 ,4-butane diol supplied by Acros

• Triethylamine is triethylamine supplied by Acros

• Disperbyk 190 is a 40 wt.% solution of dispersing agent supplied by BYK CHEMIE GMBH • Imagisperse is a Ti02-dispersion supplied by Imagico India, available under the trade name Imagisperse Aqua White

• COL is a commercial cyan dispersion supplied by Cabot Corporation, available under the trade name Cab-O-Jet 450C

• PYR is 2-pyrrolidone.

• HD is 1 ,2-hexanediol

• Proxel K is an aqueous solution of 5-10 % 1 ,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one

• SURF-1 is Capstone FS3100, a surfactant from Dupont

• SURF-2 s Tego Twin 4000, a surfactant from Evonik Industries

• SURF-3 is Thetawet FS8050, a surfactant from Neochem GMBH

• SUBSTR-1 is Metamark MD5-100 (PVC)

• PU-anion is the polyurethane dispersion PU-9, prepared as disclosed in the unpublished patent application EP 16196224.6

Preparation of the polyurethane resin dispersions

PU-1 (COMP)

[0080] In an Erlenmeyer of 500 ml 100.22 g of Vylon 220 and 201.45 g of

acetone were weighed. The Vylon in acetone was stirred using a magnetic stirrer and heated to 45 ^° C. A clear solution was obtained and cooled to room temperature which will be later on used in the reaction. In a 500 ml 3 necked round bottom flask equipped with a coiled condenser and stirrer, 16.71 g of Genocure MDEA was added. The prepared polyol solution (Vylon 220) was added to Genocure MDEA present in the 500 ml 3 necked round bottom flask. 1.07 g of DBTL was diluted in 9.67 g of acetone and also added to the polyol mixture. Then the reactor was heated to 55 °C during appr. 35 minutes, allowing the Genocure MDEA to dissolve homogenously. Subsequently 41.19 g of IPDI was added dropwise via an addition funnel with pressure equalization arm during 20 minutes. The amount isocyanate added was equimolar towards the hydroxyl amount, ie. NCO/OH = 1.0). The reaction was allowed to take place during 2 hours at 55 °C. The reaction mixture was cooled to 40 °C, in order to avoid evaporation of acetone. The reaction mixture was then allowed to react overnight during 20 hour at 40 °C s in order to reach full conversion.

[0081] From the prepared solution 171.02 g (42.95% solids) was weighed in a stainless steel vessel and 3.90 g of acetic acid was added to acidify the tertiary amino groups from the Genocure MDEA present in the

polyurethane. Subsequently the water based dispersion was made using Disperlux equipment adding water during high shear mixing. Under stirring at 1200 RPM using a 5 cm diameter dissolver stirrer, 143.65 g of water was added during 20 minutes to the 174.92 g of acidified PU dispersion. However during the water addition the prepared PU dispersion flocculates. The absence of a steric stabilisation (e.g. a polyether group in a side chain) was causing an insufficient colloidal stability of the cationic PU-resin in water.

PU-2 (INV)

[0082] In an Erlenmeyer of 500 ml the following compounds were weighed:

104.22 g of Vylon 220, 15.30 g of Ymer N120 and 201.45 g of acetone.

The Ymer N120 was preheated in an oven at 80 °C, in order to obtain a liquid which can be easily handled. The mixture weighed in the Erlenmeyer was stirred using a magnetic stirrer and heated to 45 ^“ C. A clear solution was obtained and cooled to room temperature which will be later on used in the reaction. In a 500 ml 3 necked round bottom flask equipped with a coiled condenser and stirrer, 4.61 g of 3-(Dimethylamino)-1 ,2-propanediol was added. The prepared polyol solution (Vylon 220 + Ymer N120) was added to 3-(Dimethylamino)-1 ,2-propanediol present in the 500 ml 3 necked round bottom flask. 1.07 g of DBTL was diluted in 9.67 g of acetone and also added to the polyol mixture. Then the reactor was heated to 55 °C during appr. 35 minutes, allowing the 3-(Dimethylamino)- 1 ,2-propanediol to dissolve homogenously. Subsequently 34.04 g of IPDI was added dropwise via an addition funnel with pressure equalization arm during 20 minutes. The amount isocyanate added was an excess towards the hydroxyl amount, ie. NCO/OH = 1.53). The reaction was allowed to take place during 2 hours at 55 °C. The isocyanato terminated prepolymer and free IPDI which was available in excess was then further reacted using a diol as chain extender. As diol 4.78 g of BD was used. The reaction mixture was cooled to 40 °C, in order to avoid evaporation of acetone. The reaction mixture was then allowed to react overnight during 20 hours at 40 °C s in order to reach full conversion. The tertiary amino group was protonated by adding 2.32 g of acetic acid to the resin solution.

[0083] From the protonated PU solution, 345.17 g (44.03% solids) was weighed in a stainless steel vessel. Subsequently the water based dispersion was made using Disperlux equipment adding water during high shear mixing. Under stirring at 900 RPM using a 9 cm diameter dissolver stirrer 282.27 g of water was added during 20 minutes to the acidified PU solution. The acetone in the obtained dispersion was evaporated on a rotary evaporator. In order to avoid foaming the evaporation was started at a lower vacuum. The evaporation was stopped when also water was evaporated at a pressure of 60 mbars and a 40 °C heating bath. Based on the weight the concentration was corrected by adding water to 35%. The obtained PU- dispersion showed an excellent colloidal stability. The exact solid content was determined by drying 1 g of solution on an aluminum dish at 130 °C during 120 minutes. The solid content obtained was 34.96 wt.%. The measured pH is 5.04. Particle size measurement using Zetasizer: 38 nm, zetapotential = 57 mV.

PU-3 (INV)

[0084] In an Erlenmeyer of 500 ml the following compounds were weighed: 110.47 g of Vylon 220, 16.22 g of Ymer N120 and 201.45 g of acetone. The Ymer N120 was preheated in an oven at 80 °C, in order to obtain a liquid which can be easily handled. The mixture weighed in the Erlenmeyer was stirred using a magnetic stirrer and heated to 45 ^° C. A clear solution was obtained and cooled to room temperature which will be later on used in the reaction. In a 500 ml 3 necked round bottom flask equipped with a coiled condenser and stirrer, 3.40 g of DHEPT was added. The prepared polyol solution (Vylon 220 + Ymer N120) was added to DHEPT present in the 500 ml 3 necked round bottom flask. 1.07 g of DBTL was diluted in 9.67 g of acetone and also added to the polyol mixture. Then the reactor was heated to 55 °C during appr. 35 minutes, allowing the DHEPT to dissolve homogenously. Subsequently 28.08 g of IPDI was added dropwise via an addition funnel with pressure equalization arm during 20 minutes. The amount isocyanate added was an excess towards the hydroxyl amount, ie. NCO/OH = 1.53). The reaction was allowed to take place during 2 hours at 55 °C. The isocyanato terminated prepolymer and free IPDI which was available in excess was then further reacted using a diol as chain extender. As diol 3.94 g of BD was used. The reaction mixture was cooled to 40 °C, in order to avoid evaporation of acetone. The reaction mixture was then allowed to react overnight during 20 hour at 40 °C s in order to reach full conversion.

[0085] The tertiary amino group in the resin was protonated by adding acetic acid.

Therefore 172.27 g of the reaction solution was weighed in a stainless steel vessel and 0.49 g of acetic acid was added to protonate the DHEPT units. Subsequently a water based dispersion was made using Disperlux equipment adding water during high shear mixing. Under stirring at 1200 RPM using a 5 cm diameter dissolver stirrer 139.63 g of water was added during 20 minutes to the acidified PU solution. The acetone in the obtained dispersion was evaporated on a rotary evaporator. In order to avoid foaming the evaporation was started at a lower vacuum. The evaporation was stopped when also water was evaporated at a pressure of 60 mbars and a 40 °C heating bath. Based on the weight the concentration was corrected by adding water to 35%. The obtained PU-dispersion showed an excellent colloidal stability. The exact solid content was determined by drying 1 g of solution on an aluminum dish at 130 °C during 120 minutes. The solid content obtained was 31.52 wt.%. Particle size measurement using Zetasizer: 182 nm. The measured pH is 3.35.

PU-4 (INV)

[0086] In an Erlenmeyer of 500 ml the following compounds were weighed: 104.22 g of Vylon 220, 15.30 g of Ymer N120, and 201.45 g of acetone. The Ymer N120 was preheated in an oven at 80 °C, in order to obtain a liquid which can be easily handled. The mixture weighed in the Erlenmeyer was stirred using a magnetic stirrer and heated to 45 ^° C. A clear solution was obtained and cooled to room temperature which will be later on used in the reaction. In a 500 ml 3 necked round bottom flask equipped with a coiled condenser and stirrer, 4.61 g of Genocur MDEA was added. The prepared polyol solution (Vylon 220 + Ymer N120) was added to the Genocur MDEA in the 500 ml 3 necked round bottom flask. 1.07 g of DBTL was diluted in 9.67 g of acetone and also added to the polyol mixture. Then the reactor was heated to 55 °C during appr. 35 minutes, allowing the MDEA to dissolve homogenously. Subsequently 34.04 g of IPDI was added dropwise via an addition funnel with pressure equalization arm during 20 minutes. The amount isocyanate added was an excess towards the hydroxyl amount, ie. NCO/OH = 1.53). The reaction was allowed to take place during 2 hours at 55 °C. The isocyanato terminated prepolymer and free IPDI which was available in excess was then further reacted using a diol as chain extender. As diol 4.78 g of BD was used. The reaction mixture was cooled to 40 °C, in order to avoid evaporation of acetone. The reaction mixture was then allowed to react overnight during 20 hours at 40 °C s in order to reach full conversion.

[0087] The tertiary amino group in the resin was protonated by adding acetic acid to the resin solution. Therefore 170.66 g of the reaction solution was weighed in a stainless steel vessel and 1.07 g of acetic acid was added to the solution to protonate the MDEA units. Subsequently a water based dispersion was made using Disperlux equipment adding water during high shear mixing. Under stirring at 900 RPM using a 9 cm diameter dissolver stirrer 139.31 g of water was added during 20 minutes to the acidified PU solution. The acetone in the obtained dispersion was evaporated on a rotary evaporator. In order to avoid foaming the evaporation was started at a lower vacuum. The evaporation was stopped when also water was evaporated at a pressure of 60 mbars and a 40 °C heating bath. Based on the weight the concentration was corrected by adding water to 35%. The obtained PU- dispersion showed an excellent colloidal stability. The exact solid content was determined by drying 1 g of solution on an aluminum dish at 130 °C during 120 minutes. The solid content obtained was 35.90 %. Particle size measurement using Zetasizer: 74 nm. The measured pH is 6.02.

PU-5 (COMP)

[0088] PU-5 resin dispersion was prepared the same way as PU-4, with the exception that no acetic acid was added after the resin was formed. Hence the majority of the MDEA units are not protonated and the majority of the PU-resins in PU-5 do not contain a cationic group. The exact solid content was determined by drying 1 g of solution on an aluminum dish at 130 °C during 120 minutes. The solid content obtained was 34.36 %. Particle size measurement using Zetasizer; 194 nm. The measured pH is 9.14.

Example 1

[0089] This example illustrates the need for a polyurethane resin obtained by

reacting a polyester polyol, a polyether diol and a polyol containing a tertiary amino group or quaternary N-atom in order to assure sufficient storage stability of a treatment liquid and at the same time preserve excellent physical properties of the dried treatment liquid. The presence of a polyether diol and a polyol containing a tertiary amino group or quaternary N-atom during the reaction implies that these compounds are built in the PU-resin.

Preparation of treatment liquids

[0090] T reatment liquids were prepared by mixing the compounds given in Table T PU-5 is the same PU-resin dispersion as PU-4, with the exception that no acid has been added and hence substantially no cationic group is present in the PU-5 resin.

[0091] All weight percentages are relative to the total weight of the inkjet ink.

Table 1

Evaluation and Results

[0092] All treatment liquids comprising the inventive PU-resins show a good

storage stability with respect to treatment liquids comprising a PU-resin which does not contain a protonated tertiary amino group or quaternary N- atom and a polyether in a side chain of the resin.

Example 2

[0093] This example illustrates the improvement in image quality of a printed

image by means of an inkjet ink when a treatment liquid containing the polyurethane resin of the invention has been applied to a non-porous substrate.

Preparation of the INK-1

[0094] A cyan ink INK-1 was prepared by mixing the compounds given in Table 2.

All weight percentages are relative to the total weight of the inkjet ink.

Table 2

Evaluation and Results

[0095] The treatment liquid PTL-4 was coated by using a 10 m spiral bar head on a sheet of SUBSTR-1 . After drying the coated layer at 60°C in an oven, the treated substrate sheet and an untreated substrate sheet (SUBSTR-1 ) were printed by means of a Dimatix DMP 2831 printer jetting droplets of 10 pi at a voltage between 20-22 V at 22 °C and with a firing frequency of 5kHz. The printed images were dried at 60°C for 10 minutes.

[0096] The solid areas of the printed images were inspected visually. The solids of the image printed on the treated SUBSTR-1 with treatment liquid PTL-1 showed visually much less coalescence and a much more uniform coverage than the solids printed on the untreated SUBSTR-1.

Example 3

[0097] This example shows that treatment liquids wherein the PU-resin according to the invention is combined with white pigments show an excellent storage stability.

Preparation of a white pigment dispersion

[0098] 275 g of white pigment (TRONOX CR 834) was added to a mixture of

68.75 g of Disperbyk 190 and 2.2 g of Proxel K in 204.05 g of water under high shear by means of a Disperlux. 200 g 0.4 mm yttrium stabilized zirconia beads (“high wear resistant zircon ia grinding media” from TOSOH Co.) was added and the white pigment was milled for 75 minutes in a Dynomill Research Lab at a flow of 4500 t/min. The zirconia beads were removed by filtration and the dispersion was filtered over a 0.7 pm filter. The dispersion WIT-1 had an average particle size of 219 nm.

Preparation of the treatment liquids PTL-5 and PTL-6

[0099] Treatment liquids PTL-5 and PTL-6 were prepared by mixing the

compounds given in Table 3.

[00100] All weight percentages are relative to the total weight of the inkjet ink.

Table 3

[00101] Both treatment liquids show an excellent storage stability, showing that the PU-resins according to the invention can be combined with white pigments without causing storage stability problems.