WARNING ON WATERSIDES

The subject of the invention is an arrangement and method for providing personal warning, primarily for enhanced waterside safety, comprising a warning center, at least one server unit and at least one signal-processing unit connected to the warning center, at least one partner machine connected to the server unit, an identifier device connected to any of the partner machines to register an ID code, and the warning center comprises a control unit, a power supply unit and a communication unit.

The economics of several Asian countries and islands rely greatly on beach tourism. Natural disasters with the highest risk factors for death or serious injuries are the tsunamis and the jellyfish invasion. For instance, Thailand, Hawaii, and Australia are prepared for tsunami monitoring. Their systems rely on seabed sensors detecting pressure changes caused by tsunamis, and surface buoys, which receive information from seabed sensors and further transmit data to a satellite, which retransmits data to ground stations (tsunami warning centers). However, these systems in themselves, without further extension, are too centralized and lack the means for providing direct, personal warning for extensive coastal areas. Many people can still remember the undersea megathrust earthquake in 2004 and the triggered giant tsunami caused when the Burma Plate subducted the Indian Plate. In such cases, a fast personal alert and safety kit could give one a chance of survival, and in other times, it can enhance the sense of safety of the tourists and the inhabitants.

Another threat is the jellyfish invasion, when a large jellyfish population invades the coasts and beaches. The sting of a jellyfish is not just painful, but can cost one' s life. Early observation of the jellyfish swarms could improve the safety of the tourists.

The state of the art includes the following solutions.

US patent application US 2003151514 Al describes a buoy system for shark detection and signaling warnings audiovisually, and an extension system to warn individuals specifically. French patent application FR 2991804 Al describes a warning system having a main unit monitoring wireless communication with selected terminals which can be either cell phones, smart phones, tablets, etc. to provide an alarm signal if communication is broken, e.g. on a ship detecting selected terminals fallen into water.

Chinese patent application CN 101723067 A describes a personal GPS sea lifesaving equipment, which helps locating an individual lost or at peril based on GPS longitude and latitude signals transmitted, then as the rescue party approaches a light alarm device indicates position by consecutive flashes. The equipment also has a life-protecting device and a personal ID card container attached.

Chinese utility model document CN 204606172 U describes a big flood survival kit worn by individuals, having means of keeping the wearer on water surface, and protecting it from physical trauma e.g. sharp edges in case of being carried by massive energy waterfront such as a tsunami wave.

German patent publication DE 102005018534 Al describes a flood warning system specialized for tsunamis, having a main unit collecting and analyzing data comprising location, time and magnitude of an underwater earthquake. The main unit determines the endangered areas, and a transmitting device automatically generates warning signal for the mobile phones and/or personal computers of the system-users located in the previously determined endangered areas.

US patent document US 9548828 B l presents a general forecast and personal notification system, where the tsunami forecast is carried out based on seismic, wave height or bathymetry data, obtained by underwater pressure sensors (buoys). Selected consumer mobile devices, such as smartphones, tablets and smartwatches, or central alarms such as sirens are provided with the forecasted tsunami warning, based on their spatial position.

German patent description DE 10201 1120053 Al shows a hand-attached device, similar to a wristband watch, to provide personal warning for individuals, having light displays for notification.

Japanese publication document JP 2010035094 A offers an individual warning device too, implementing warning notification from both a master device to a slave warning device, and from a national instant alarm system, in a distinguishable manner. Russian patent document RU 2369417 C2 describes a method and apparatus for personal notification and safety enhancement from tsunami waves. The detection of the tsunami is based on monitoring seismic activity locally at the user with provided means, and upon a confirmed tsunami threat, a user can swiftly reach safety by boarding the provided inflatable emergency boat, which may be also fixed by a cable.

US publication document US 2017019776 Al describes another similar solution, namely a communicational station having means (and a protocol describing the method of application) to receive warnings from an earthquake and tsunami warning system (ETWS) through a Mobility Management Entity (MME), deliver the warnings to a plurality of wireless communication devices (e.g. cell phones), receive message delivery response from, as well as status information of one or more wireless communication devices, and passes them back to the MME. This allows to keep better record of the warned user devices (UE), i.e. whether the warning was successfully received or not.

International patent application WO 2017026806 Al discloses a machine type communication (MTC) based user equipment (UE) suited for receiving information, possibly warnings of various kinds such as system information updates and public warning system messages via a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). The MTC allows the UE to be energy efficient, thus reducing costs and providing stability through simplicity.

The problem to be solved is to provide individuals with personalized warning in waterside-related emergencies, such as a tsunami, flooding, or jellyfish invasion, and thus offer an overall sense of safety. The solution has to make the individual warning available on a great area hard to cover by centralized telecommunication, such as a long coast, sectioned by hills, high cliffs or any kind of possible natural or artificial obstacles. In addition, the solution needs to be easily available for visitors, tourists, being easily rentable, and needs to have long battery life.

None of the presented, state of the art inventions are decentralized, compact and mobile personal warning arrangements dedicated for providing tsunami or jellyfish warning. Some deal with complex tsunami forecasting methods based on large data simulations, satellite based altimetry, and deep-water buoys, but are too expensive and complicated to implement for providing personal warning for individuals along extensive coastlines. Others claim to provide personal safety equipment and personal warning notification through standard communicational procedures such as a cellular communication network, or dedicated devices, but they lack the means for being integrated into a dedicated warning monitoring system, such as the present invention. Additionally, they do not have a solution for a decentralized, mobile warning center.

The purpose of the invention is to eliminate the faults of known solutions and to create an arrangement providing personal warning for individuals scattered along a wide coastal area, with stable, redundant threat- monitoring solutions.

A safety kit, as part of said arrangement is proposed to offer a synergic composition having additional solutions for personal safety in case of a tsunami.

The inventive step is based on the recognition, that it is advantageous to provide dedicated, direct and stable personal warning for individuals at coastal areas to enhance the feel of safety and to lower the chances for human life loss even in case of a tsunami, or in other cases where pre-arrival, swift alert is crucial. It is also advantageous if it can alert for usual natural dangers, such as a strong tropic storm, jellyfish invasion or shark sightings, which are less monitored and generally detected only post-arrival.

The inventive step is also based on the recognition, that such a personalized warning arrangement is to be combined with a danger monitoring and aerial relaying system for optimal performance, providing reliable warning signals for the warning devices in an unobstructed line of sight, most preferably by a buoy- satellite system. A purely aerial danger monitoring and relaying system, comprised by pilotless aircrafts (also known as unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV), is an alternative. The dedicated tsunami monitoring offers an alternative, reliable tsunami-detection solution, and in cases, when the tsunami is not of seismic origin, an ultimate way. Such cases are, for instance, meteotsunamis, triggered by rapid atmospheric pressure changes rather than earthquakes. The aerial or buoy monitoring makes it possible to detect other life-threatening phenomena as well, such as heavy storms, jellyfish swarms, sharks, and so on.

A further inventive step is based on the recognition, that such an arrangement for personal warning is best supplemented with additional personal safety equipment, ordered into a synergic kit to be at hand when performing coastal activities, such as beach-going, water-skiing, windsurfing, and so on.

The presented arrangement has numerous advantages.

First, it is fitted to danger monitoring and relaying systems, primarily to a system comprising deep-water buoy pairs for danger monitoring and satellite communication for aerial relaying. It is easily adjustable to systems of drones patrolling the coastal areas as well, and is further applicable to any aerial system that can relay a signal, to provide personal warnings transmitted from the monitoring system to individuals. The aerial relaying method results in a very high warning signal coverage along the coast even if the coast is rocky, sectioned by steep cliffs, hills and other blocking objects. The reason is that the aerial relay system can transmit the warning signal undisturbed, which is obvious in case of satellites, but in case of patrolling drones they can broadcast the signal from the open and unobstructed water view as well. This provides a more direct, personal and infallible solution compared to central signaling means on land, e.g. siren poles or flashing lights on poles, which may be blocked from a person on the coast by natural and artificial landscape objects.

Moreover, the proposed warning device, as part of the invention, has a longer battery life and is overall superior in durability compared to smartphones. These features provide greater sense of safety for the whole touristic stay at coastal areas compared to solutions utilizing one' s own mobile phone, such as a warning monitoring software application on a smartphone, which is utilizing 3G, 4G or other wireless networks. A smartphone has a shorter standby battery time and is used for various activities thus resulting in an even shorter overall battery time, while a significant number of touristic coastal areas e.g. in Thailand rarely offer many electric supply means.

Furthermore, the proposed retailer and distributor system, as part of the arrangement, offers a simple and user friendly way of handing out, registering, and enabling personal warning devices.

According to the above purpose, the most general implementation form of the solution according to the invention is described in the independent claims. The individual implementation forms are described in the subclaims. The invention is presented in more detail by examples of implementation, using drawings.

On the following drawings,

Figure 1 shows one schematic example of the invention coupled to an aerial danger monitoring and relaying system.

Figure 2 shows one preferred, detailed embodiment of a warning device as part of the invention.

Figure 3 shows the warning device ordered into a synergic safety kit.

Figure 4 shows another schematic example of the invention coupled to a buoy danger monitoring and relaying system.

Figure 5 shows the preferred schematic example of the invention.

Figure 1 depicts one schematic working arrangement, where the arrangement for providing personal warning functions combined with an aerial, pilotless aircraft based danger monitoring and relay system. The primary threat-monitoring device la is a long distance pilotless aircraft having a threat sensor unit 8 and a long distance antenna 5, and the relay threat-monitoring device 2a is a relay pilotless aircraft having a relay antenna 4, a repeater antenna 29, a signal-processing unit 6a and a camera 7a. The threat sensor unit 8 preferably contains a relative altimeter such a light radar (LIDAR) for telemetry. Based on the relative altimeter and the pilotless aircrafts own absolute altimeter data, the weight height can be calculated. The primary threat-monitoring device la may also contain a camera 7b for optical surveillance. The primary signal 30, preferably being a long distance aerial radio signal, connects the primary antenna 5 to the relay antenna 4. The camera 7a of the relay threat-monitoring device 2a offers optical surveillance near-coast, to detect jellyfish, sharks. The camera 7b of the primary threat-monitoring device la is used for control, and can detect sudden tropic storms supplemented by a barometer and humidity sensors, which is also suitable for absolute altimetry. The warning center 3 has a dedicated antenna 9 to either directly communicate with the relay antenna 4 through relay signals 31. The signal-processing unit 6b of the warning center 3 receives the relay signal 31. Additionally, the signal-processing unit 6a of the relay threat-monitoring device 2a can preprocess the signal. After processing, the control unit 10 determines, whether a warning signal 32 is to be formed. The control unit 10 further controls a power supply unit 11 , a display unit 12, a communication unit 14, a transmitter unit 15, an alarm unit 17 and a memory unit 20. With a direct input unit 13, preferably a terminal with manual input means such as buttons and switches, an operator of the warning center 3 can override the actions of the control unit 10. The direct input unit 13 allows the operator to issue a warning signal 32 through manual input means even if the control unit 10 is not automatically requesting it, or on the contrary, can shut off a warning signal 32 if suspecting false alarm, or based on national warning. Most preferably, a seismic sensor is connected to the direct input, providing a swift, and in case of a tsunami of seismic origin, primary observational input for issuing a warning. Also a digital barometer can be connected to the direct input unit 13 for automatic warning in case of a sudden change of atmospheric pressure, indicating a high intensity storm possibly endangering the beach-goers, or cameras can be connected to direct input unit 13 to offer visual surveillance for the operator, as well as automatic warning generation based on image recognition techniques implemented by the control unit 10. The cameras can monitor the water surface, allowing the recognition of dangerous patterns indicating sharks or jellyfish swarms, or a storm. The transmitter unit 15 is connected to the antenna 18 and is preferably a unit capable of bidirectional communication, also known as a transceiver. A warning unit 19 is also connected to the control unit 10 providing additional means for forming a warning signal, preferably being a backup warning signal transmitter antenna for the warning devices 25. The antenna 18 transmits the warning signal to the warning device 25, if it is in communicational distance. The warning device 25 has a GPS module to provide position data for safety tracking, only used in emergencies, such as to provide help for rescue parties after a tsunami, or in locating a lost child. The aerial relay threat-monitoring device 2a, having the repeater antenna 29, can provide extra communicational coverage via the repeater signal 34 of the antenna 18. The repeater signal 34 of the repeater antenna 29 can reach warning devices 25 otherwise obstructed, shielded from the antenna 18, providing a better warning coverage to the users, by simply repeating the signal of the antenna 18 of the warning center 3. The antenna 18 and/or the communication unit 14, preferably both, connect to the cloud 21 , meaning an internet connection, to offer a stable data transfer 33 between the warning center 3 and the server unit 22 of a distributor or retailer. Alternatively, the antenna 18 provides radio connection with the server unit 22 directly or via a relay threat- monitoring device 2 indirectly. The warning device 25 is identified by reading the identification (ID) code, commonly abbreviated as ID code 26a, with an identifier device 24 at a distributor or retailer upon hand-out or take-in. The identifier device 24 may have a wired connection with a partner machine 23a or a wireless connection to a partner machine 23b. The partner machine 23a or 23b communicates the ID and registration data to the server unit 22 through the data- recording signal 35. The ID and registration data of the warning device 25 is transmitted through the cloud 21 to the warning center 3, where the warning device 25 is enabled or disabled and the memory unit 20 records its ID code 26a. The memory unit 20 allows for storage of the last known position data of warning devices 25, being regularly updated when a warning device 25 checks in. The personal identification data of the user is also recorded at the partner machines 23a, 23b or forwarded from preassembled databases, for example when the guests of a hotel receive the personal warning service, and the hotel forwards the already listed data to the server unit 22, all forming a user database stored at the server unit 22. The respecting data entries are deleted upon retrieval of the handed out warning device 25, meaning the end of the personal warning service, but are forwarded to authorities to support the rescue parties if an emergency occurs. This offers an instant and premium listing of users endangered in the area struck by an emergency situation, while the warning center 3 can even provide the last known GPS position data of the warning device 25. A couple of function buttons provide 47 additional functions for the warning device 25. There is at least two function buttons 47 on each warning device 25, one being a panic button, offering means for the user to indicate an emergency towards the warning center 3, where the authorities can be notified, and one offering means for the user to indicate that he or she is all right, and do not require assistance. In case of a tsunami, using the latter option gives the authorities and rescue parties opportunity for better allocation of searching resources. Preferably there are at least three function buttons 47 on each warning device 25, and any of the previous two actions (panic- , or OK signaling) can only be triggered if the function buttons 47 are pushed in a predetermined sequence. For example, with a third function button 47, one need to simultaneously push the panic button and the third button for calling an emergency, and simultaneously push the OK button and the third button for calling it off. The warning device 25 is preferably coated with waterproof material, and has trapped air inside the coating to allow a density lower than water, preventing its loss in water.

Figure 2 shows the schematics of a warning device 25 as part of the invention. The shown wire-connections indicate the communicational, functional connections between elements, not power supply lines. An ID code 26a is placed on the device for registration when stocked, handed-out or returned to the retailer or distributor organization. The antenna module 28, preferably comprising a monopole antenna, receives input, or transmits output analog signals. An input analog signal can be warning signal 32, or an enabling signal, which orders the control module 40 to activate the warning display means of the warning device 25. An output analog signal can be a check-in signal to the threat- monitoring system, or a locating signal assisting a rescue party. The receiver module 41 , preferably having a GSM module, or a low power wide area network (LPWAN) adapter (such as a LoRaWAN™ module), or a GPS module, is capable of bidirectional communication. The receiver module 41 connects to the antenna module 28, and to the control module 40. The task of the receiver module 41 is to process and form the input signals, and preferably, the output signals too, which means that it converts analog input signals into digital input signals, or the digital output signals into analog output signals. Alternatively, the control module 40 includes an analog-digital (A/D) and a digital-analog (D/A) converter to handle the analog-digital signal conversions, and the analog signals are formed, filtered, amplified by the receiver module 41 prior to output or input, depending on the direction of communication. The control module 40, preferably being a low power, 16-bit microcontroller unit (MCU), is further connected to the power supply module 42, and to the display module 27, either in a wireless or wired manner. The control module 40 determines if the personal warning device 25 is enabled or disabled by the warning center 3, interprets the received input signals, determines the necessary output by the display module 27, and monitors the power supply module 42. The power supply module 42 connects preferably via independent power supply lines to the modules. Alternatively, the control module 40 distributes the power through power supply lines, from the power supply modules 42 to the other modules. The power supply module, preferably having a polymer lithium-ion (Li-ion Polymer) battery as power source, can communicate its power level to the control module 40. The SIM (Subscriber Identification Module) holder 48 is also connected to the control module 40 to accept a SIM card. The display module 27 contains a status light indicator 37, and three warning light indicators 38a, 38b, 38c, and an acoustic indicator 39. The status light indicator 37 presents the operation state, being lit if the warning device 25 functions in order. One warning light indicator 38a is lit in case of jellyfish invasion, another warning light indicator 38b represents whether a preliminary tsunami warning is issued, and the third warning light indicator 38c lit means a confirmed tsunami warning, accompanied by an earthquake. Alternatively, the display module 27 may contain a solar powered LCD screen, photovoltaic touch screen, or any screen suitable for displaying short messages. A manual switch 36 intersects the power supply line, which powers all the other modules from the power supply module 42. With the switch 36, the user can turn on and off the warning device 25. The user can indicate emergencies; i.e. a panicked situation, requiring assistance, with the activation of a sequence of function buttons 47. With a different sequence of the function buttons 47 pushed, he or she can indicate that he or she is safe, not requiring immediate assistance. This feature allows for personal alarm issuing, and helps rescue parties to better allocate resources in case of natural catastrophes or other major events when the authorities need to locate a set of endangered individuals. A standard module capable of connecting to a global positioning system, a GPS or other national service, preferably being a GPS module connected to the control module 40, can further assist locating the users through their warning devices 25. The transceiver sends the position acquired by the global positioning module of the warning device 25 to the warning center 3, where it is stored in the memory unit 20 to assist authorities if necessary. This tracking routine is preferably intermittent, performed at certain intervals of time passed, to save battery time. The receiver module 41 may also be configured to sense the locating signal of a searching party, so that the control module 40 can set a higher rate of position broadcast, and, within a certain distance, set the display module 27 to flash with maximum light intensity to catch the eye. The most power efficient, universal solution for communication is, if the receiver module 41 has a GSM module, and the warning device 25 connects to consumer, public cellular networks, mobile internet networks through a SIM card inserted into the SIM holder 48. Overall, the minimum necessary modules of the warning device 25 are all standard modules in smartphones, or even smartwatches, meaning, that such user owned devices can be integrated into the arrangement for providing personal warning. Smartphones and smartwatches, tablets or the kind mobile smart devices can fill the part of warning device 25, however, with less battery time and naturally in a less reliable manner, but for a reduced implementation cost.

Figure 3 helps to visualize a proposed safety kit 43 as part of the invention. This set of equipment comprises a personal warning device 25, a foldable helmet 45, a life jacket 44, and a waterproof container 46. They may have a physical package, preferably provided with an ID code 26b, which allows the distributor to register the handed-out equipment without opening it. Most importantly, this realizes the swift registration of the handed-out warning device 25. The registration of the warning device 25 triggers its activation process.

Figure 4 depicts another working arrangement, where the arrangement for providing personal warning functions combined with a preferred, buoy-satellite danger monitoring and relay system. Beyond the differences listed in the followings, the arrangement is identical to the one shown in Figure 1. The primary threat-monitoring device lb is a seabed device comprising a threat sensor unit 8, one relay threat-monitoring device 2b is a surface buoy, and another relay threat- monitoring device 2c is a satellite. The threat sensor unit 8 preferably contains a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure change of the water body above, indicating the wave height. The primary threat-monitoring device lb and the first relay threat-monitoring device 2b have a primary signal 30 in between for telemetry, preferably by wireless communication. Alternatively the primary signal 30 runs through a direct, physical communication line connecting the primary threat-monitoring device lb to the first relay threat-monitoring device 2b. Both relay threat-monitoring devices 2b, 2c have a relay antenna 4, to transmit a relay signal 31. The transmit signal can directly be transmitted to antenna 18 of the warning center 3, or transmitted to an intermediate station, and forwarded to the communication unit 14 of the warning center 3. In this arrangement the warning center 3 distributes the central warning signal of the authorities to the users through the warning signals 32, meaning, that a seismic sensor connected to the direct input unit 13 is unnecessary.

Figure 5 shows the preferred working arrangement, where the arrangement for providing personal warning is applied with the above described buoy- satellite danger monitoring and relay system. The main difference is, that the server unit 22 is integrated into the warning center 3, being internally connected to the control unit 10. This further means, that all parts of the arrangement are interconnected through the cloud 21. The primary threat-monitoring device lb collects primary observational data with the threat sensor unit 8, and connects to the relay threat- monitoring device 2b with the primary signal 30. The relay antennas 4 connect the relay threat-monitoring devices 2b, 2c via the relay signal 31. The relay signal 31 is then further connected to the cloud 21 , preferably first being transmitted to a central warning center via radio signals, then passed to the warning center 3 via internet connection. Alternatively, the relay threat-monitoring device 2c has an internet connection with the communication unit 14 of the warning center 3, to pass on the relay signal 31. The communication unit 14 connects to the receiver modules 41 of the active warning devices 25, preferably being GSM modules, to offer mobile internet connection, for passing on the warning signal 32. The data- recording signal 35 connects to the server unit 22, preferably through the internet connection of the communication unit 14 as well, to provide the warning center 3 with registration data, such as both device- and user ID data. The antenna module 28 of the warning device 25 allows better receiving signal for mobile internet networks, which means a stronger connection to the cloud 21. The antenna module 28 can also connect to a GPS module, as part of the receiver module 41 , to provide position data of the warning device 25 for the warning center 3, which makes the tracking of the warning device 25 possible. The internet-centered arrangement allows easy, real-time data acquisition of weather-, tsunami- and earthquake forecasting-, and monitoring websites, which can be processed at the warning center 3, and transmitted to provide the users with extra warning functionalities.

In one embodiment of the most general form the arrangement for providing personal warning, primarily for enhanced waterside safety, comprises a warning center 3, at least one signal-processing unit 6a, 6b connected to the warning center 3, at least one server unit 22 connected to the warning center 3. At least one partner machine 23a, 23b is also included, and an identifier device (24), which is connected to any of the partner machines 23a, 23b to register an ID code 26a, 26b. The warning center 3 comprises a control unit 10, a power supply unit 11 and a partner machine 23a, 23b connects to a server unit 22 via a data-recording signal 35. The arrangement is characterized by that it further comprises warning devices 25 suitable for tsunami warning reception and a user database connected to the server unit 22. The warning device 25 has an ID code 26a and a receiver module 41. The receiver module 41 may be any kind of combination of a GPS module for communicating the position data, a LPWAN module for direct machine-to- machine (M2M) telecommunication, a standard GSM module for cellular telecommunication, or VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) satellite WAN and BGAN (Broadband Global Area Network) radio modules capable of satellite- based telecommunication. The warning center 3 is connected to at least one relay threat-monitoring device 2. The relay threat-monitoring device 2 connects to at least one primary threat-monitoring device 1 suitable for tsunami detection.

In another embodiment, the primary threat-monitoring device lb is a seabed device, one relay threat-monitoring device 2b is a surface buoy having a wire or wireless connection in between, preferably meaning wireless, acoustic telemetry, and another relay threat-monitoring device 2c is satellite. The two relay threat- monitoring devices 2b, 2c connect directly, or indirectly through a central station, to the warning center 3, with the help of relay antennas 4 connected to each relay threat-monitoring device 2b, 2c. At least one threat-monitoring device lb, 2b comprises a threat sensor unit 8 suitable for tsunami detection. The threat sensor unit 8 comprises pressure sensors, so preferably there is at least one on the primary threat-monitoring device lb. From the pressure change measured, the momentary wave height can be calculated. The relay threat-monitoring device 2b is floats on the water surface due to air tanks and is chained to a seabed anchor to arbitrarily fix its position. The primary threat-monitoring device lb, which is the seabed device, is weighed down to be fixed at the seabed.

In another embodiment, the arrangement the primary threat-monitoring device la is a pilotless aircraft (also known as unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV) and the relay threat-monitoring device 2a is a pilotless aircraft, each primary threat-monitoring device la comprises a primary antenna 5, and the relay threat-monitoring device 2a comprises a relay antenna 4. Naturally, the threat-monitoring devices la, 2a may be manned as well, being piloted aircrafts, while the arrangement remains principally unaltered. The new generation pilotless aircrafts are fast, cheap, and have long operational hours, allowing them to be used in serious threat- monitoring such as tsunami detection, enable them to detect the waves early at a large distance. A forecast of approximately 15 minutes is achieved before wave arrival, when patrolled at an average 100 km distance off-land. The primary threat-monitoring device la further contains a threat sensor unit 8 suitable for tsunami detection and at least one camera 7b, and a relay threat-monitoring device 2a further comprises a camera 7a suitable for jellyfish detection, the threat sensor unit 8 comprises a light- and/or microwave radio detection and ranging device (LIDAR and/or microwave RADAR) for relative altimetry. The relative altimetry can be supplemented by video footage from the camera 7b, but is primarily based on the measurement of the threat sensor unit 8. The threat sensor unit 8 offers wave height calculation from the relative altitude data supplemented by the absolute altitude data of the primary threat-monitoring device la and a reference wave height database, the absolute altitude data preferably provided by a combination of global positioning and inertial navigation means as common in aeronautics. The jellyfish-detecting is realized by at least one camera 7a to detect sea creatures, primarily jellyfish swarms, by image recognition means in shallow waters.

In another embodiment, a reference database, comprising wave heights from earlier measurements or external source, and atmospheric pressure values, is connected to the warning center 3. With the reference database directly connected, the warning center 3 can issue a tsunami warning independently by comparing actual values to reference values, after a signal-processing unit 6b processed the input relay signals 31 of the threat-monitoring devices 1 , 2 comprising actual data or after receiving preprocessed data. A memory unit 20 can store registration and ID data of the warning devices 25 to activate and make contact with, as well as personal identification and location data of users. A communication unit 14 provides internet connection with the server unit 22, allowing them to be far apart, even on a different continent, separating the customer services and the warning, threat-monitoring and relaying services. This latter case also divides the registration process in space, meaning pre-registration at the server unit 22, possibly at a distributor or retailer, and functional registration of a handed-out or collected in warning device 25 into the personal warning providing arrangement at the warning center 3. Preferably, the server unit 22 is internally connected to the control unit 10, meaning, that the warning center 3 functions as the server too, and the communication unit 14 handles all input- and output communication with other parts of the arrangement. In such a configuration, the warning center 3 accesses the warning devices 25 via internet, the warning devices 25 having a mobile internet connection through a cellular network, which enables the arrangement to tunnel in warning information from various, public websites. The access is resolved by the SIM holder 48 and a GSM module of the receiver module 41. Another implementation is that the antenna 18 provides radio connection with the server unit 22 directly or via a relay threat-monitoring device 2 indirectly. A display unit 12 provides feedback for an operator of the warning center 3. The signal-processing unit 6b, the memory unit 20, the communication unit 14 and the display unit 12 are all connected to the control unit 10 for the most multifunctional solution. A support module can connect the warning center 3 to a fix spatial point, preferably to a pole at high ground near to the coast. When unfixed, the warning center 3 is movable, mobile, allowing to relocate and reallocate, for example to place it on an otherwise uninhabited island in case of a temporary visit, such as a tourist trip. A solar panel connects to the power supply unit 1 1 offering recharge, especially useful in mobile application. The warning center 3 further contains a direct input unit 13 connected to the control unit 10, through which either an operator of the warning center 3 can issue a jellyfish-, shark-, or storm warning manually, or the warning center 3 receives automated warning issues from additional sensor units connected to the warning center 3. Seismic sensors-, digital barometers-, cameras- and manual input means connected to the direct input unit 13 provide the surveillance and control for jellyfish and storm warning. A seismic sensor, preferably a dedicated P- and S-wave sensor, primarily P-wave sensor, or any other elastic wave sensor suitable for earthquake detection, grants direct two-level based threat-monitoring, providing a direct seismic observational input independent from central, governmental seismic laboratories.

In another embodiment, the warning device 25 further has a switch 36, a control module 40 controlling and synchronizing a power supply module 42, an antenna module 28, an acoustic indicator 39, a display module 27, and the receiver module 41. The display module 27 has at least one light indicator. A light indicator is preferably either status light indicator 37 or a warning light indicator 38a, 38b, 38c. The control module 40 can set the status light indicator 37 or the warning light indicator 38a, 38b, 38c lit, as well as sound the acoustic indicator 39, only if the switch 36 does not break the power supply circuit for said elements. The power supply module 42 has either a Nickel-Metal Hybride (NiMH) battery, being preferably of prismatic form, a Li-ion battery, or a Li-ion Polymer battery. The ID code 26a, 26b can be encoded into either a magnet card, a microchip, a bar code, QR code® (Denso Wave), or a motion-dynamic QR code®. The display module 27 may include one warning light indicator 38a for displaying a high number of jellyfish sightings, another warning light indicator 38b for displaying a tsunami warning, another warning light indicator 38c for displaying an accompanying earthquake as well. Two-stage warning for tsunami can be issued, since a tsunami without a noticeable earthquake is less likely and less dangerous generally, lighting up only one warning light indicator 38b, while a confirmed earthquake accompanying a tsunami warning lights up two warning light indicators 38b, 38c, and even sounds the acoustic alarm 39. Additional light indicators may communicate weather status, wave height, or any kind of relevant information, which is freely available at the internet to be algorithmically collected at the warning center 3, and transmitted to the warning device 25. Even earthquake- tsunami- or typhoon warnings and forecasts can be collected, then processed, and fed to the warning device 25, to finally address the user via the display module 27. Any or all of the status light indicator 37 and warning light indicators 38a, 38b, 38c may be a light emitting diode (LED), or a compact fluorescent light (CFL), or any electronic screen configured to display warning levels. The switch 36 preferably comprises a physical push button, or a toggle switch, or a contactless magnetic switch, such as a reed switch, or a Near Field Communication (NFC) device. A SIM holder 48 connected to the control module 40 allows the use of cellular communication networks. Overall, the warning device 25 can be a smartphone, smartwatch, tablet, or any other standard electronic device comprising said modules, and integrated into the arrangement for providing personal arrangement through a suitable software. If connected to a cellular network, the location data of the warning device 25 can be extracted even without GPS module as part of the receiver module 41. Based on the cellular data, location-specific information can be transmitted to the warning device 25. In another embodiment, the warning device 25 is waterproof, having a waterproof coating with trapped air inside, which also allows the overall density of the warning device 25 to be less than or equal to the density of seawater or water, which usually ranges from 1.00 to 1.02 kg/1.

In another embodiment, the personal warning device 25 is part of a synergic combination of a life jacket 44 and light foldable helmet 45, and they have a common packaging having an ID code 26b, altogether forming a safety kit 43 assigned to the warning device 25. The safety kit 43 can also have a waterproof container 46 for safety containment of personal values and/or the warning device 25. The waterproof container 46 preferably has a fix physical connection to the life jacket 44, being a leash, polyester string, harness, or even an adhesive or sown connection. The life jacket 44 is preferably an inflatable solution, being conveniently wearable during various activities, or is a foam life jacket 44. The safety kit 43 can have multiple life jackets 44, foldable helmets 45 and waterproof containers 46 to one warning device 25 for families, but can have dedicated warning devices 25 for children as extra safety.

In another embodiment, the identifier device 24 comprises a light-based scanner, or NFC reader, or camera, or magnetic card reader integrated into a partner machine 23a, 23b, or connectable to a partner machine 23a, 23b. This means that the identifier device 24 can be a standard computer-integrated part, such as a Bluetooth or Wi-Fi adapter communicating with the warning device 25 wirelessly.

The followings demonstrate the application routine of the arrangement for providing personal warning.

In one method of the most general form, we perform registration, observation, and reaction. The registration step comprises the steps of registering the identity of at least one handed out or collected device, and then communicating the ID and registration data to at least one server. The method is characterized by that such devices are warning devices 25 suitable for tsunami-, preferably also jellyfish- and storm warning reception, and that we also register personal identification data of the users receiving the handed out warning devices 25 for easier identification and tracking users in case of an emergency. We also receive observational input from threat-monitoring devices 1 , 2, and then in the reacting step we create a connection with a receiver module 41 of at least one warning device 25. The observational input can also be statistical data or data extracted from simulations, available at external sources. Preferably, external data is collected regularly via internet connection from specified websites, such as national and regional weather-, earthquake-, and tsunami- forecast webpages. We can even provide location-specific, more personalized warnings based on position data of the warning devices 25. The location-specific data may be wave heights near the position of the warning device 25, a national weather forecast or actual, local weather data such as, chance of rain, humidity, typhoon warning, or earthquake notices from the monitoring websites of local authorities.

In another embodiment of the method, the reacting step comprises the step of broadcasting a warning or standby signal by a transmitter unit 15 via an antenna 18 directly, or via a relay threat-monitoring device 2 indirectly, or via a warning unit 19 directly. The warning unit 19 is preferably a dedicated antenna for warning signal broadcasting, as a primary or backup source of warning signals relative to antenna 18. The reacting step further comprises the steps of tracking and retrieving. We track the warning device 25 by the GPS position broadcasted by the warning device 25 and by flashing the lights of the warning device 25 for easier detection.

In another embodiment, in the observation step we record the location data of the users when the warning device 25 automatically checks in. Then we add it to the user database. In the reacting step, we provide the authorities with a list of endangered users based on the precollected user database. The user database comprises the identification data and last known position data of the users, as we record the last known position data of the users we signal to local authorities if a sequence of function buttons 47 is pushed on a warning device 25 indicating an emergency, and signal the authorities if a different sequence of function buttons 47 is pushed indicating that the user of the warning device 25 is safe.

In another embodiment of the method in the observation step during the communication with the threat-monitoring devices 1, 2 we collect observational input from a threat sensor unit 8 placed on any of the primary threat-monitoring devices 1, and in specific cases from cameras 7a, 7b placed on the threat- monitoring devices 1, 2. In the latter case, the relay threat-monitoring device 2 is multifunctional, because with the camera 7a we can surveille the shallow, close waters to the beach, searching for threats posed by animals, such as jellyfish or sharks, or other natural threats, such as a rapidly approaching, high intensity tropic storm. Another camera 7b supplements the monitoring means of the primary threat-monitoring device 1 with optical surveillance, as ground for threat recognition based on image processing. We collect direct observational input from a seismic sensor, digital barometer, camera and manual input means connected to the warning center 3 as well. A seismic sensor, preferably a dedicated P- and S- wave sensor, primarily P-wave sensor, or any other elastic wave sensor suitable for earthquake detection, grants direct two-level based threat-monitoring, providing a direct seismic observational input independent from central, governmental seismic laboratories.

In another embodiment of the method in the registration step, we further perform the registration of an ID code 26a on a warning device 25, or of an ID code 26b on a safety kit 43 assigned to the warning device 25, latter case being particularly useful if the packaging of the safety kit 43 is non-transparent.

In another embodiment of the method in the observation step we process the observation inputs at any of the threat-monitoring devices 1 , 2 instantaneously or in a warning center 3 afterwards, or we perform a preprocessing on at any of the threat-monitoring devices 1 , 2 followed by a post-processing at the warning center 3. After the analysis of the processed observation inputs, based on a reference database, we can issue appropriate warnings, i.e., if the water height calculated is above the reference limit, we issue a preliminary tsunami warning. When an underwater earthquake is also recorded, we issue a serious, second-level tsunami warning, since tsunamis of seismic origin are usually more dangerous than tsunamis of atmospheric or landslide origin. In case that after image processing of the camera footage, we recognize a number of jellyfish above the usual, reference value, we issue a jellyfish warning, as they tend to arrive in dangerous swarms.

In another embodiment, the observation step further includes the steps of measuring the pressure by at least one seabed device, collecting the pressure data through the relay surface buoy directly or a relay satellite indirectly, processing the pressure data by calculating the water height and comparing it to reference values fitting the circumstances. Alternatively, we measure the absolute altitude and the altitude relative to the water surface of at least one altimetry pilotless aircraft, transmitting the altitude data to an intermediate pilotless aircraft (also known as unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV) from the altimetry pilotless aircraft, taking images or video footage of the water surface from the intermediate pilotless aircraft and collecting the altitude and camera data through the intermediate pilotless aircraft. While processing the input data we calculate the water height either based on both absolute altitude, and altitude data relative to the water surface of the altimetry pilotless aircraft, or we calculate the water height or wave height based on the pressure difference recorded by the pressure sensors at both seabed and sea surface. Then we compare the calculated wave height to a reference value fitting the circumstances. The circumstances determine the applicable reference values. In a storm, higher possible water level and different pressure distribution occurs than in calm, clear weather. Either we build up the reference database gradually from earlier measurements or we license it from external sources. The observation may continue with the steps of processing the input video footage by counting the jellyfish through an image recognition method, and issuing a preliminary tsunami warning if the measured water height is above critical, or a jellyfish warning if the jellyfish count is above critical, i.e. we quantify the relation between current observational input and reference input based on supplementary measurements, and comparative-, or simulation methods, then we perform a judgement. We issue a confirmed, more severe tsunami warning, if we receive observational input from a seismic sensor directly or indirectly connected to the warning center 3 indicating an underwater earthquake of a magnitude above a certain reference value, making it the likely underlying cause for the tsunami, because such a tsunami of seismic origin is significantly more dangerous. The underwater origin can be determined as combining the calculations for the distance of the epicenter at multiple warning centers 3. We perform an epicenter-distance calculation from the time measured between P- and S-wave detection, as common. We indicate the different severity of the tsunami warnings by different combinations of warning light indicators 38a, 38b, 38c and the acoustic indicator 39. Regardless of the sequence of warning levels, the basic method and working arrangement remain the same. The sequence may differ from the preferred sequence as described above, meaning, that we issue a preliminary tsunami warning in case of reported seismic activity, and issue a confirmed tsunami warning if the aerial monitoring supports it, or we issue both tsunami warnings at the same time. Issued warnings based on processed observational inputs can be received from a dedicated antenna 9 or from an internet connection, provided by the responsible authorities or other danger monitoring agencies. However the warnings can directly come from a signal-processing unit 6a on the threat-monitoring device 2a, a signal-processing unit 6b connected to a warning center 3, or a control unit 10 connected to said warning center 3. Then we simply distribute the warnings in form of warning signals 32 for all the warning devices 25 through a general-purpose antenna 18 or a dedicated warning unit 19 of the warning center 3. In addition to the above examples, the invention may be implemented and used in other forms within the scope of protection.