The subject of the invention is a building element made from ashes, and a process for producing the building element, as well as a building and/or building ensemble produced from said building element, and is suitable for creating a cultic place or system.

Patent No. HU 171322 describes a cultic system for burial after incineration in the state of art. The system is characterized by that, it is assembled from one or more building elements of cultic type and said building elements can be further improved. At least a part of the building elements is shaped so, that information regarding the deceased and a cavity for an urn is formed in a way, that the cavities of the built-in element have access from outside of the wall surface of cultic character.

There are embossments and hollows on the outer surface of the building elements fitting into each other. It is not necessary to build the total cultic unit in full size, as it can be further improved if desired.

The Hungarian patent application No. P 97 01102 published on 29 March 1999 makes known a process for disposing human remains in urns or coffins by creating burial places. The process is characterized by that, a natural or artificial underground passage or passage system is formed so, that under the ground level, but above the prevailing underground water-level of the given cavity several cavities of solid walls are formed. The cavities are shaped so, that they can be reached through a single horizontal opening. Each communicate the common underground passage or passage system and the single opening access is fitted to a prefabricated artificial solid wall element, with which the cavity can be hermetically sealed.

When working out the solution according to the invention our aim was to create a building element and a building and/or building ensemble built with said building element, which was made from ashes produced during incineration and is suitable for creating a cultic establishment suitable for incineration burials.

Working out the solution according to the invention we realized as an inventory step, that if the ashes produced during incineration are mixed with a bonding agent having bonding strength and load-bearing capacity suitable for forming a building element, then the set aim can be achieved.

The invention relates to a process for producing a building element from ashes, during said process a solid unit stabilized physically and/or chemically is produced. Said process is characterized by that, during the process ashes produced during incineration are used as raw material and a bonding agent and/or a stabilizer is added to said ashes and preferably additives are mixed to said ashes and a mixture produced this way is shaped to a given size, shape, and form, and said mixture is set corresponding with technological steps prescribed for the applied bonding agent and/or stabilizer.

In a preferred application of the process according to the invention, the applied bonding agent and/or stabilizer is a hydraulic bonding agent, for example cement, lime mortar and/or clay and/or ceramic raw material and/or resin and/or adhesive.

In a further preferred application of the process according to the invention, broken stone is used as additive, which can be in given case for example marble or granite determining the outer appearance. The ready element will be provided with surface treating, surface shapes, epitaphs, ornaments furthermore mechanical accessories.

The invention relates to a building element made of ashes produced preferably by the method according to the invention. Said building element is characterized by that, on the outer surface of said building element produced from ashes of incineration with using bonding agent and/or stabilizer a solid unit of bonded structure bordered by plane and/or arched surfaces is created.

In a preferred embodiment the shape of the building element is a regular geometrical shape, for example a rectangle, prismatic, cylinder, spherical or amorphous spatial shape and/or ensemble of all above mentioned shapes. In a further preferred embodiment the sides of the building element are shaped so, during ranging and/or placing them beside each

other, that said building elements fit to or into each other. The outer surface of the building element can be provided with epitaphs with the personal particulars, ornaments, embossments and portraits.

In a further preferred embodiment the building element is provided with accessories corresponding with the given burial customs and provided with bearer bar, flaps, damps, fastening elements, consoles, suitable for placing objects of piety, ornaments and flower-holder.

The invention relates further to a building and/or building ensemble made by using ashes of incineration, which are characterized by that, the building elements forming one structural unit are shaped as a wall or a part of a wall stretching continuously or with intervals formed from straight and/or arched parts and said building elements are placed beside or above each other.

In a preferred embodiment of the building and/or building ensemble according to the invention the individual building elements are placed beside and above each other fitting to each other. In a further preferred embodiment of the building and/or building ensemble according to the invention the building elements are placed in a frame or framework or on bars. In this case the building elements do not have to join each other only to the shape of the frame so, that it can include them.

In a further preferred embodiment of the building and/or building ensemble according to the invention the building elements are placed beside or above each other combined with gaps and/or other elements. In a further preferred embodiment the building elements are placed on a base or substructure of a given height.

In a further preferred embodiment of the building and/or building ensemble according to the invention the connecting, fastening of the building elements into each other takes place with well-know methods with adhesives or mortar or with mechanical ways, for example with screws, or with combined application of the above methods.

The solution according to the invention is described with the help of the enclosed figures:

Fig. l shows a preferred embodiment of the building element according to the invention in elevation drawing.

Fig. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the building element according to the invention in lateral view.

Fig. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the building assembled from the building element.

Fig. 4 shows another preferred embodiment of the building assembled from the building element.

Fig. 5 shows a preferred embodiment of the building assembled from regular multiangular building elements.

Fig. 6 shows a preferred embodiment of the building built from building elements of irregular shapes, in given case from building elements of arched sides.

Fig. 7 shows a preferred embodiment of the building formed from the building elements.

Fig. 8 shows another preferred embodiment of the building formed from the building elements.

Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the building element according to the invention in elevation drawing. The front surface of the building element 1 is provided with an epitaph 5 containing the name and age of the dead person, as well as a bearer bar 4 suitable for placing flower or wreath or other cultic object on it. The bearer bar 4 can be placed into the building element 1 simultaneously with the making of the building element 1, or can be fixed afterwards. The building element in the figure is of rectangle shape, which is preferably located in given case with its biggest side outward, so both the epitaph 5 and the bearer bar 4 are fixed on it. The epitaph 5 is of a shape corresponding with practice of making grave-stones, it can be deepened, respectively embossed from the face, beside it an additional inscription, picture and ornament can be in given case placed.

Fig. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the building element 1 according to the invention in lateral view. The bearer bar 4 suitable for placing the flower or cultic object is protruding in lateral direction from the face of the characteristically narrow building element 1 shaping a standing prism.

Fig. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the building assembled from the building element 1. This case the building elements 1 are not placed tightly next to each other, but with gaps, shifted above each other. In given case a supporting structure can be applied with this form, providing the frame of the building and the building elements 1 are placed into it. This way after the location of the frame the building elements 1 can be placed separately, independently from each other, similarly to the customary burial in urn-walls. In case there is no frame, the building is gradually built from the building elements 1 placed above each other, so a mechanically stable wall 2 of memory standing by itself is erected with the building elements 1.

Fig. 4 shows another preferred embodiment of the building assembled from the building element 1. This case there is no significant distance between the building elements 1, but they are placed beside and above each other in a close way. In given case a supporting structure can be applied with this form as well, which serves as the frame 6 of the building and into which the building elements 1 are placed. This way after the location of the frame 6 the building elements 1 can be placed separately, independently from each other, similarly to the customary burial in urn-walls. It is also valid this case, that if there is no frame 6, the building is gradually built from the building elements 1 placed above each other, so the building elements 1 form a mechanically stable memorial wall 2 standing by itself.

Fig. 5 shows a preferred embodiment of the building assembled from regular multiangular building elements 1. In the given case the building elements 1 of regular, hexagonal shape main sides make possible the fitting into each other and placing closely beside each other. So a structure of elements of continuous surface built on each other can be created, which is built as a memorial wall 2. For making a surface of this kind any geometrical shape can be applied, which ensures a continuous

surface filling. A frame 6 can be applied in this kind of embodiment as well, or if there is no frame 6, then the building elements 1 are placed continuously above each other.

Fig. 6 shows a preferred embodiment of the building built from building elements 1 of irregular shapes, in given case from building elements 1 of arched sides. The building elements 1, which are in the given case bordered on their main sides by wavy lines are shaped so, that the profiles coming beside or above each other make possible the joining each other and the direct placing beside or above each other. This way a structure of continuous surface can be created from elements built on each other as a memorial wall 2. For making a surface of this kind any geometrical shape can be applied that ensures a continuous surface filling. A frame 6 can be applied in this kind of embodiment as well, or if there is no frame 6, then the building elements 1 are placed continuously above each other.

Fig. 7 shows a preferred embodiment of the building formed from the building elements 1. This case the structure is shaped as a memorial wall 2 consisting of several parts, where the building elements 1 are preferably placed on the base 3 or substructure and are ranged in straight line according to the figure or in other case along an arched line or in any optional line. The proportion of the structures, their distance, placing can be determined optionally taking into consideration a wide range of aesthetic and cemetery arrangement concepts.

Fig. 8 shows another preferred embodiment of the building formed from the building elements 1. This case the structure is shaped as a bigger size memorial wall 2 of one piece. The building elements 1 are preferably placed this case as well on the base 3 or substructure. The structure can be of straight line along the length of the structure according to the figure, but in other case it can be realized along an arched line, or according to any optional line. The measurement, the proportion and the placement of the sides of the structure can be determined optionally taking into consideration a wide range of aesthetic and cemetery arrangement concepts.

In a preferred application of the process according to the invention, the ashes are stabilized physically, then mixed with a stabilizer and bonding

agent. During the process the full amount of ashes is used, this should be processed, and the bonding agent is put into it. From the mixture produced this way bricks, or blocks are. formed, the name is cast or embossed in it as desired. The material can be mixed with granite, marble, using cement, resin or clay as bonding agent.

During the process the building elements can be produced preferably with a cold technology, by applying bonding agent, or with thermoforming technology. The building element can be mixed with a bonding agent as a brick or ceramics. In case of applying a thermoforming technology temperature should not exceed 1200°C as it would initiate additional processes in the ashes.

During the process any bonding agent suitable for making solid material is applicable. Cement, lime-mortar, resin can be applied as bonding agents. Any stone, broken stone, for example marble, granite can be used -as additive determining the outer appearance of the structure. It is essential to ensure in case of the applied bonding agent and additives that the produced building elements are mechanically stable structure of proper load-bearing capacity, which remain stable for a long time and resist to environmental and climatic effects. Due to this criteria bonding agents of plastic raw material should be UV stabilized resins and adhesives.

In a preferred embodiment of the building element according to the invention if the volume of the ashes is in given case 2-2,5 litres, the measurement of the brick in given case is 3,5-4 litres. In an other definite case the measurement of the brick or block is for example 10 x 22 x 28 cm = 6, 16 litres, or 15 x 20 x 30 cm = 9 litres. The shape of the lateral sides of the bricks can be amorphous or a regular geometrical shape.

Various shape blocks can be created subject to the condition, that as building material it should be suitable for erecting a memorial wall or buildings of memory.

In preferred embodiments of the building elements they are provided with the epitaph containing the personal particulars of the deceased, ornaments, embossements portrait, connecting profile, fitting, flap respectively a hanger or loop, with the help of which it can be attached

to the bar. The building element can be further provided with flaps, hooks or other fastening elements.

In a preferred definite embodiment the structure according to the invention is formed as an independent wall. In a preferred embodiment the building elements are put into a frame fabricated in advance, as for example an urn-wall. It can be formed as a system or a definite wall fitting not tightly together of which this element is its building element.

In a further preferred embodiment of the structure according to the invention the building elements are placed on a substructure of given height, on which the building elements, memorial bricks start above a given level.

The fastening, connecting of the building elements in the structure is made in the well-known method, with adhesive or mortar or in a mechanical way, for example with screw connections or with the complex application of all these. According to additional definite methods the building elements are placed in the wall in a frame, or they are hung or attached on a bar. It is essential in case of making a wall standing by itself, that the bricks fit to and into each other and a wall can be erected with them. It gives proper mechanical stability, load-bearing capacity and ensures the structural safety of the constructed building and proper endurance of the climatic and environmental burdens.

The advantage of the solution according to the invention is, that it is aesthetic, mixed with the broken stone (with resin bonding agent) gives a direct experience, suggests stability, in which the ashes can be seen. The building element according to the invention is suitable for placing it in a wall or at home on a wall. The shape of the element can be any geometrical form, it can be shaped as an outer ornamented covering, and at the same time it can be placed in an urn-niche instead of a urn, without using a separate urn. The structure created with the building elements according to the invention can be shaped as the wall of silence, as a memorial wall.