A COATING COMPOSITION AND A PROCESS FOR ITS PREPARATION

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a coating composition and a process for its preparation. Particularly, the present disclosure relates to IK anti-corrosive weather resistance coating composition.

DEFINITIONS

As used in the present disclosure, the following terms are generally intended to have the meaning as set forth below, except to the extent that the context in which they are used indicates otherwise. 2K PU system: The term “2K PU system” refers to a two component polyurethane (PU) solvent borne system. In 2K PU system, a polyisocyanate hardener is reacted with a medium containing a polyhydroxyl acrylic binder to a blend. The blend is applied by conventional tools and the polymer network is developed after the completion of the cross-linking reaction. The 2K PU system requires a hardener, a catalyst or an activator. IK coating system: The term “IK coating system” refers to a single-component” coating system that does not require a hardener, catalyst or activator, which does not require blending at the time of application. The IK coating system can dry in the air and have faster drying times than 2K PU system.

Cathodic Electro-deposition (CED): The term “cathodic electro-deposition (CED)” refers to a process of coating an object having a conductive surface connected to a circuit as the cathode, by positively charged paint particles suspended in the aqueous medium, under direct current. CED coating is most widely used for automobile components.

Alkyd: The term “alkyd” refers to a polyester resin modified by the addition of fatty acid and other components. Alkyd resin is generated by the reaction of fatty acid (vegetable oil), polybasic acids and polyols.

Oil length: The term “oil length” refers to the percentage of the oil (fatty acid) in the alkyd solids. Suppose, the percentage of alkyd solids is 60 %, then the oil length is 100/60 x 40 = 66.66 % fatty acid by mass. Long oil length alkyd: The term “long oil length alkyd” refers to the resins that contain more than 60% fatty acid by mass.

Medium oil length alkyd: The term “medium oil length alkyd” refers to the resins that contain 40 to 60% fatty acids by mass. Short oil length alkyd: The term “short oil length alkyd” refers to the resins that contain less than 40% fatty acids by mass.

Drying oil: The term “drying oil” refers to an oil that hardens to a tough, solid film after exposure to air, at room temperature.

Slow-drying alkyd: The term “slow drying alkyd” refers to the type of alkyd, wherein oil has high unsaturation value and allows slow drying of the alkyd. The unsaturation value of oil decides the drying characteristics; lower is the unsaturation of oil, faster will be the drying, and higher is the unsaturation of oil, slower will be drying of the alkyd.

Fast-drying alkyd: The term “fast-drying alkyd” refers to the type of alkyd, wherein oil has very low unsaturation value and allows faster drying of the alkyd. The unsaturation value of oil decides the drying characteristics; lower is the unsaturation of oil, faster will be the drying, and higher is the unsaturation of oil, slower will be drying of the alkyd.

Medium-drying alkyd: The term “medium-drying alkyd” refers to the type of alkyd, wherein the oil has a medium unsaturation value and allows medium drying of the alkyd. The unsaturation value of oil decides the drying characteristics; medium is the unsaturation of oil, medium will be the drying.

Effective metal temperature (EMT): The term “effective metal temperature (EMT)” refers to a temperature at which the substrate and the coating composition is heated.

Stoving system: The term “stoving system” also known as “stoving paint” refers to a non yellowing fatty acid modified epoxy-amino thermosetting high temperature baking system. This system finds most important place in industrial applications for refrigerator, water filters, kitchen applications, washing machines, drum lining and decorative finishes, requiring very high resistance to water, detergents, mild acids and alkali, chemicals and solvents. It is suitably modified with mix of resins and additives to impart good flexibility, abrasion resistance, color retention and improved adhesion. Hiding power: The term “hiding power” also known as “opacity ratio” or “contrast ratio” refers to the ability of a coating composition or a paint to hide the surface of an object. When applied too thin, a coating lacks sufficient hiding power. The hiding power of paint measures its ability to obscure a background of contrasting color. BACKGROUND

The background information herein below relates to the present disclosure but is not necessarily prior art.

Generally, for the commercial vehicle, a stoving system is used for coating the chassis, which is required to bake at 130 °C for a minimum of 20 minutes of effective metal temperature (EMT). In order to reduce the process cost due to baking of the stoving system, 2K PU system (two-component polyurethane system) is used for coating the chassis thereby eliminating the baking process. However, the cost of 2K PU system is more than the stoving system. Also, 2K PU system needs a proper pro-mix machine to ensure the ratio of the two components. Another challenge while coating the chassis is to provide adhesive or cohesive compatibility of the coating composition with multi-metal surfaces such as blasted hot-rolled and degreased cold-rolled carbon steel (CRC), and pre-coated surfaces such as cathodic electro deposition (CED), and powder coated substrates. The problem of compatibility of the coating systems with multi-metal surfaces, pre-coat surfaces and powder coated substrates needs to be addressed.

Therefore, there is felt a need for a coating composition for a commercial vehicle that can mitigate the drawbacks mentioned hereinabove.

OBJECTS

Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows.

An object of the present disclosure is to ameliorate one or more problems of the prior art or to at least provide a useful alternative.

Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a coating composition. Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide a coating composition that is a single-component (IK) coating system, anti-corrosive, and weather resistant.

Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a coating composition for a commercial vehicle segment that is having the performance and weathering properties similar to 2K PU system along with fast drying property similar to IK coating system.

Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide a coating composition that has increased shelf life and stability.

Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a coating composition that has enhanced exposure properties and fast-drying properties. Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide a coating composition that has improved adhesive and cohesive properties.

Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a process for the preparation of a coating composition.

Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure relates to a coating composition. The coating composition comprising 5 to 15 mass% of a first alkyd, 40 to 50 mass% of a second alkyd, 1 to 4 mass% of a thixotropic clay based gel, 0.5 to 25 mass% of a pigment, 1 to 4 mass% of an adhesion promoter, 1 to 5 mass% of a heavy metal free drier, 0.05 to 0.5 mass% of an anti-oxidizing agent, 0.1 to 3 mass% of a first additive, 0.1 to 10 mass% of a second additive, and 2 to 30 mass% of a solvent. All the percentages are with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.

The present disclosure further relates to a process for the preparation of the coating composition. The process comprising pre-mixing predetermined amounts of a first alkyd, a first additive, a thixotropic clay based gel, a pigment and a first solvent followed by milling in an agitator bead mill to obtain a pre-mix. Predetermined amounts of a second alkyd, a second additive, an adhesion promoter, a heavy metal free-drier, an anti-oxidizing agent and a second solvent are sequentially added in the pre-mix to obtain a mixture. The mixture is then thinned by diluting with predetermined amount of at least one third solvent to obtain the coating composition having a particle size in the range of 5 to 40 mpi.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING

The present disclosure will now be described with the help of the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1 illustrates the images of adhesion check of the coating composition of the present disclosure on black CED frames using com spray (a) 1 ^st coat 20 min ageing, (b) 1 ^st recoat with 20 min ageing, (c) 2 ^nd recoat with 20 min ageing, (d) 1 ^st coat with 24 h ageing, (e) 1 ^st recoat with 24 h ageing, and (f) 2 ^nd recoat with 24 h ageing;

Figure 2 illustrates the images of adhesion check of the coating composition of the present disclosure on hot rolled steel (HRS) panel (a) 1 ^st recoat, 2 ^nd recoat 72 hours ageing, and 2 ^nd recoat 96 hours ageing, using activity 1A, (b) 1 ^st recoat and 2 ^nd recoat using activity IB with 72 h ageing, (c) 1 ^st recoat and 2 ^nd recoat using activity 2A with 72 h ageing (with scuffing), (d) 1 ^st coat, 1 ^st recoat and 2 ^nd recoat using activity 2B with 72 h ageing (without scuffing);

Figure 3 illustrates the images of adhesion check of the coating composition of the present disclosure on cold rolled steel (CRS) panel (a(i)) 1 ^st coat, (a(ii))l ^st recoat and (a(iii)) 2 ^nd recoat using activity 1 with 72 h ageing (without spray), (b(i)) 1 ^st coat, (b(ii)) 1 ^st recoat and (b(iii)) 2 ^nd recoat using activity 2 with 72 h ageing (using com spray);

Figure 4 illustrates the images of corrosion resistance test of the coating composition performed by using ASTM B117:2019 (a(i)) panels before test for sample 01, (a(ii)) panels before test for sample 02, (a(iii)) panels before test for sample 03, (b(i)) panel after 24 h for sample 01, (b(ii)) panel after 24 h for sample 02, (b(iii)) panel after 24 h for sample 03, (c(i)) panel after 192 h for sample 01, (c(ii)) panel after 192 h for sample 02, (c(iii)) panel after 192 h for sample 03, (d(i)) panel after 240 h for sample 01, (d(ii)) panel after 240 h for sample 02, (d(iii)) panel after 240 h for sample 03, (e(i)) panel after adhesion for sample 01, (e(ii)) panel after adhesion for sample 02, and (e(i)) panel after adhesion for sample 03;

Figure 5 illustrates (a) a graph of Dry Film Thickness (DFT) vs. time, and (b) an image of the BYK pencil hardness tester with 2B pencil Mitsubishi; Figure 6 illustrates salt spray resistance test on various type of metal sheet of the coating composition of the present disclosure in duplicates (a) Cold Rolled Steel + (pre-treatment) PT+1K Chassis Black, (b) Cold Rolled Steel+PT+Electro deposition +1K Chassis Black, (c) Cold Rolled Steel +Powder coating (PC)+1K Chassis Black, (d) Cold Rolled Steel + Powder Coating -i-Bare Metal sanding+lK Chassis Black, (e) Hot Rolled Steel +Powder Coating+IK Chassis Black, and (f) Hot Rolled Steel +Powder Coating + (bare metal) Bare Metal Sanding+lK Chassis Black;

Figure 7 illustrates Dry Film Thickness (DFT) vs. Salt spray resistance test of the coating composition of the present disclosure- (a) DFT 25 to 30 m with total creepage 6 mm, (b) DFT 35 to 40 m with total creepage 6 mm, (c) DFT 45 to 50 m with total creepage 3 mm, (d) DFT 70 to 75 m with total creepage 2 mm, and (e) DFT 90 to 95 m with total creepage 0 mm;

Figure 8 illustrates a corrosion resistance test of the coating composition of the present disclosure (IK Chassis Black) on Powder Coated HRS Panel and Metal grip Black Primer;

Figure 9 illustrates an adhesion test on different system with the coating composition of the present disclosure (IK Chassis black) - (a) system 1, and (b) system 2;

Figure 10 illustrates an image of exposure panel upon Salt Spray Test (SST) (Corrosion resistance test);

Figure 11 illustrates the images MS panel upon (a) exposure to accelerated weather for 400 h, (b) exposure to accelerated weather for 500 h, (c) exposure to accelerated weather for 600 h, (d) corrosion resistance with scribe for 250 hours in duplicates, (e) corrosion resistance - with scribe for 300 hours in duplicates, (f) corrosion resistance - unscribe for 480 hours, (g) corrosion resistance - unscribe for 530 hours, and (h) corrosion resistance - unscribe 580 hours;

Figure 12 illustrates a recoating adhesion test result of coating composition of the present disclosure using the corrosion resistance test unscribe (a) 1 ^st coating, and (b) 1 ^st recoating and 2 ^nd recoating;

Figure 13 illustrates the images of MS panel coated with metal grip primer and the coating composition of the present disclosure (a) depicting appearance of paint, color, glossiness, adhesion, hardness, (b) depicting corrosion resistance; and Figure 14 illustrates the various panels coated with the coating composition of the present disclosure (IK modified black) tested for water spot issue (a) CED grey, (b) CED black, (c) CED grey coated with aerosols, and (d) tin panel.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Embodiments, of the present disclosure, will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing.

Embodiments are provided so as to thoroughly and fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to the person skilled in the art. Numerous details are set forth, relating to specific components, and methods, to provide a complete understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the details provided in the embodiments should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, well-known processes, well-known apparatus structures, and well-known techniques are not described in detail.

The terminology used, in the present disclosure, is only for the purpose of explaining a particular embodiment and such terminology shall not be considered to limit the scope of the present disclosure. As used in the present disclosure, the forms "a,” "an," and "the" may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly suggests otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," “including,” and “having,” are open ended transitional phrases and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, modules, units and/or components, but do not forbid the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The particular order of steps disclosed in the method and process of the present disclosure is not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance as described or illustrated. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed elements.

The terms first, second, third, etc., should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure as the aforementioned terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another component, region, layer or section. Terms such as first, second, third etc., when used herein do not imply a specific sequence or order unless clearly suggested by the present disclosure.

The conventional 2K PU system is used for coating a chassis of the commercial vehicle is costlier than the stoving system. Also, the 2K PU system needs a proper pro-mix machine to ensure the ratio of the two components.

The present disclosure provides a coating composition and a process for its preparation.

In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a coating composition. The coating composition comprises 5 to 15 mass% of a first alkyd, 40 to 50 mass% of a second alkyd, 1 to 4 mass% of a thixotropic clay based gel, 0.5 to 25 mass% of a pigment, 1 to 4 mass% of an adhesion promoter, 1 to 5 mass% of a heavy metal free drier, 0.05 to 0.5 mass% of an anti-oxidizing agent, 0.1 to 3 mass% of a first additive; 0.1 to 10 mass% of a second additive; 2 to 30 mass% of a solvent. All the percentages are with respect to the total mass of the composition.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the first alkyd is at least one selected from the group consisting of fast-drying alkyd, non-drying alkyd, and medium-drying alkyd.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the fast-drying alkyd is of long oil length (>60 %) and is at least one selected from the group consisting of soya oil based alkyd, castor oil based alkyd, coconut oil based alkyd, and derivatives thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the fast-drying alkyd is soya oil based alkyd.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the non-drying alkyd is a slow drying alkyd and at least one selected from the group consisting of linseed oil based alkyd, stand oil based alkyd, walnut oil based alkyd, tung oil based alkyd, perilla oil based alkyd, poppy oil based alkyd, safflower oil based alkyd, and derivatives thereof.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the medium-drying alkyd is of medium oil length and is at least one selected from the group consisting of corn oil based alkyd, cottonseed oil based alkyd, sesame oil based alkyd, grape seed oil based alkyd, sunflower oil based alkyd and derivatives thereof.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the amount of the first alkyd is in the range of 5 to 15 mass% with respect to the total mass of the composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the amount of the first alkyd is 9.17 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.

The fast-drying alkyd, non-drying alkyd and medium-drying alkyd impart adhesion and film formation in the coating composition. In accordance with the present disclosure, the second alkyd is a reaction product of at least two alkyds selected from the group consisting of fast-drying alkyd, non-drying alkyd, and medium-drying alkyd. In an exemplary embodiment, the second alkyd is a reaction product of soya oil based alkyd (fast drying alkyd) and castor oil based alkyd (fast drying alkyd).

In accordance with the present disclosure, the second alkyd is present in an amount in the range of 40 to 50 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the second alkyd is present in an amount of 46 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. The second alkyd has fast-drying and film forming properties.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the thixotropic clay-based gel is at least one selected from the group consisting of kaolin, bentonite, attapulgite, and a mixture of (C9-

C13) isoparaffin, disteardimonium hectorite and propylene carbonate (Bentone Gel for hammer finishes). In an exemplary embodiment, the thixotropic clay-based gel is bentone gel for hammer finishes, which is a mixture of (C9-C13) isoparaffin, disteardimonium hectorite, and propylene carbonate (Bentone Gel for hammer finishes). In accordance with the present disclosure, the thixotropic clay-based gel is present in an amount in the range of 1 to 4 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the thixotropic clay-based gel is present in an amount of 3.11 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.

The thixotropic clay-based gel imparts the rheological properties to the coating composition. In accordance with the present disclosure, the pigment is at least one selected from carbon black pigment and anti-corrosive pigment. The amount of pigment is in the range of 0.5 to 25 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the carbon black pigment is at least one selected from the group consisting of lampblack, carbon black, ivory black, vegetable black, graphite, charcoal, bone black, black iron oxide, mars black, manganese black, iron gallotannate, nigrosine, aniline black, logwood, paracrystalline carbon, a mixture of diaperoxide based black pigments. In an exemplary embodiment, the carbon black pigment is paracrystalline black pigment (Carbon black Ma 100 and Regal 400 R).

In accordance with the present disclosure, the carbon black pigment is present in an amount in the range of 0.5 to 5 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the carbon black pigment is present in an amount of 1.16 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.

The carbon black pigments impart opacity and colour to the coating composition.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the anti-corrosive pigment is a zinc derivative and is at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc phosphate, zinc oxide and zinc chromate. In an exemplary embodiment, the anti-corrosive pigment is zinc phosphate.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the anti-corrosive pigment is present in an amount in the range of 10 to 20 mass% with respect to the total mass of the composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the anti-corrosive pigment is present in an amount of 11.14 mass% with respect to the total mass of the composition.

The anti-corrosive pigment imparts corrosion resistance in the coating composition.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the adhesion promoter is at least one selected from the group consisting of mucin, polyimide macromolecule, silane, siloxane, poly(propylene), g-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, a solution of a hydroxy-functional copolymer with acidic groups. In an exemplary embodiment, the adhesion promoter is hydroxy-functional copolymer with acidic groups (Byk-4510). In another exemplary embodiment, the adhesion promoter is g-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (Z 6040 silane).

In accordance with the present disclosure, the adhesion promoter is present in an amount in the range of 1 to 4 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the adhesion promoter is present in an amount of 3.00 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. The adhesion promoter improves the bonding of the coating composition with the substrates. Since there is no pre-treatment in the form of conversion coatings on the substrates (conversion coating refers to a coating produced by chemical or electrochemical treatment on a metallic surface), the adhesion on these substrates is difficult. Hence, the combination of adhesion promoters is used for better adhesive and cohesive properties. In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the substrate is selected from the group consisting of cathodic electro deposition coated (CED) substrate, epoxy or polyester powder coated substrate, shot blasted hot-rolled substrate, and degreased cold-rolled carbon steel (CRC) substrate. A combination of the anti-corrosive pigments with optimum amount of the adhesion promoters is used for preventing creepage during the corrosion test to meet the corrosion resistance and the exposure resistance similar to the 2K PU paint/coating composition.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the heavy metal-free drier is at least one selected from the group consisting of zirconium octoate, cobalt octoate, calcium octoate, and manganese octoate. In an exemplary embodiment, the heavy metal-free drier is a blend of 1.03 mass% of zirconium octoate, 0.35 mass% of calcium octoate, 0.17 mass% of cobalt octoate and 0.69 mass% of manganese octoate.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the heavy metal-free drier is present in an amount in the range of 2 to 5 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the heavy metal-free drier is present in an amount of 2.24 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.

The blend of the heavy metal-free drier used in the coating composition provides better air drying properties to the coating composition. Due to the drying nature of the alkyd backbone and an optimized amount of the driers, the challenges of setting time and handling time are eliminated.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the anti-oxidizing agent is a solvent based anti oxidizing agent and is at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl ethyl ketoxime, dimethyl sulfoxide, phenols, and aromatic amines such as anilines. In an exemplary embodiment, the anti-oxidizing agent is methyl ethyl ketoxime. In accordance with the present disclosure, the anti-oxidizing agent is present in an amount in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 mass% with respect to the total mass of the composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the anti-oxidizing agent is present in an amount of 0.1 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. The anti-oxidizing agent can act as an anti- skinning agent in the coating composition.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the first additive is a dispersion additive (surfactant) and is at least one selected from the group consisting sodium stearate, 4-(5- dodecyl) benzenesulfonate, docusate (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate), alkyl ether phosphates, benzalkonium chloride (BAC), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), sodium salt of polyacrylic acid, and block copolymer with pigment affinic group (Disperbyk 160). In an exemplary embodiment, the dispersion additive is 50% solution of block copolymer with pigment affinic group in xylene (Disperbyk 160).

In accordance with the present disclosure, the first additive is present in an amount in the range of 1 to 3 mass% with respect to the total mass of the composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the first additive is present in an amount of 1.67 mass% with respect to the total mass of the composition.

The first additive acts as a dispersing agent in the coating composition.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the second additive is at least one selected from the group consisting of flow and rheological agent, non-fading additive, and anti-slip additive. In accordance with the present disclosure, the flow and rheological agent is an acrylic polymer. In an exemplary embodiment, the flow and rheological agent is an acrylic polymer (Resiflow-Lf/Modaflow/Disperlon Ox/Flowlen Ac 26).

In accordance with the present disclosure, the flow and rheological agent is present in an amount in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the flow and rheological agent is present in an amount of 0.65 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.

The flow and rheological agent increases the shelf life and stability of the coating composition. The flow and rheological agent acts as an anti-settling additive in the coating composition. In accordance with the present disclosure, the non-fading additive acts as a light stabilizer, and is at least one selected from the group consisting of benzophenone, benzotriazole, a mixture of 95% benzene propanoic acid, 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(l,l-dimethylethyl)-4- hydroxy-, C7 to C9-branched and linear alkyl esters, and 5% l-methoxy-2 -propyl acetate (Tinuvin 384 / E 81), a mixture of 2-[4-[(2-Hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl)oxy]-2- hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-l,3,5-triazine and 2-[4-[(2-Hydroxy-3- tridecyloxypropyl)oxy]-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl phenyl)-l,3,5-triazine) in 1- methoxy-2-propanol (85% solution) (Tinuvin-400), basic pentamethylpiperidine and derivatives thereof, and tetra-methyl piperidine and derivative thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the non-fading additive is a mixture of 95% benzenepropanoic acid, 3-(2H- benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(l,l-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, C7 to C9-branched and linear alkyl esters, 5% l-methoxy-2-propyl acetate (Tinuvin 384/ E81) and a mixture of 2-[4-[(2- Hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl)oxy]-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4 -dimethylphenyl)-l,3,5- triazine and 2-[4-[(2-Hydroxy-3-tridecyloxypropyl)oxy]-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4 ,6-bis(2,4- dimethylphenyl)-l,3,5-triazine) in l-methoxy-2-propanol (85% solution) (Tinuvin-400). In accordance with the present disclosure, the non-fading additive is present in an amount in the range of 1 to 4 mass% with respect to the total mass of the composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the non-fading additive is present in an amount of 1.7 mass% with respect to the total mass of the composition.

There are two types of light stabilizers. One is UV absorber which absorbs harmful UV light to protect the coating. The other is hindered amine light (HAL) stabilizer which captures free radicals to avoid coating degradation. The non-fading additive provides protection and light stability against UV rays. An optimized dosage of the non-fading additive leads to the enhanced exposure properties. Use of a combination of the anti-fading additive and the alkyds in the coating composition provides better light stability against the ultraviolet rays.

UV lights cause color fading, chalking and film decay and like of the coated surface. The alkyds have lower stability against UV light. Therefore, an anti-fading additive is used along with alkyds.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the anti-slip additive is silicone based and is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane, and polyester modified hydroxyl functional polydimethyl siloxane. In an exemplary embodiment, the anti-slip additive is polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane (silicone#Byk 306). In accordance with the present disclosure, the anti-slip additive is present in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 1 mass% with respect to the total mass of the composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the anti-slip additive is present in an amount of 0.45 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.The anti-slip additive acts as surface additive in the coating composition.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the solvent is at least one selected from hydrocarbon aromatic solvent, aromatic long-chain solvent, polar solvent and ester based solvent.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the hydrocarbon aromatic solvent is a straight chain hydrocarbon at least one selected from the group consisting of mixed xylene, toluene, benzene, ethyl benzene and phenol. In an exemplary embodiment, the hydrocarbon aromatic solvent is a mixture of mixed xylene, toluene, benzene, butanol, and methanol. Mixed xylenes refers to a mixture of the ortho-xylenes, para- xylene and meta- xylene.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the hydrocarbon aromatic solvent is present in an amount in the range of 5 to 20 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the hydrocarbon aromatic solvent is present in an amount of 13.05 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.

The hydrocarbon aromatic solvent is used for viscosity adjustment and for stability in the homogenous mixture of the coating composition. In accordance with the present disclosure, the aromatic long chain solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of nonyl benzene, decyl benzene, nonyl xylene, decyl xylene, nonyl toluene, decyl toluene, nonyl phenol, and decyl phenol.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the aromatic long chain solvent is present in an amount in the range of 5 to 20 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. The aromatic long chain solvent imparts the rheological properties to the coating composition.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the polar solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of methanol, acetone, butanol, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), isopropanol, and water. In an exemplary embodiment, the polar solvent is methanol and butanol.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the polar solvent is present in an amount in the range of 2 to 5 mass% with respect to the total mass of the composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the polar solvent is present in an amount of 4 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. The polar solvent increases the stability of the coating composition.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the ester based solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, 2-butoxyethanol acetate, benzyl benzoate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. In an exemplary embodiment, the ester based solvent is butyl acetate.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the ester based solvent is present in an amount in the range of 2 to 5 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the ester based solvent is present in an amount of 2.78 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. The ester based solvent prevents the agglomeration of the ingredient particles present in the coating composition.

The coating composition of the present disclosure has good air drying properties and requires about 10 minutes time for drying. A combination of first alkyd and second alkyd improve the air-drying property of the coating composition of the present disclosure. The use of heavy metal-free driers in the coating composition of the present disclosure aided in further enhancing the surface area thereby reducing the drying time of the coating.

In addition, the coating composition of the present disclosure can be applied on the mineral turpentine oil (MTO) cleaned bare mild steel substrates and shot blasted hot-rolled substrates, cathodic electro deposition (CED) and powder coated surfaces.

The coating composition of the present disclosure is the IK coating system having similar performance and weathering properties to that of 2K PU coating system. Further, the coating composition of the present disclosure has fast drying property and air-drying property, which makes the composition economical. In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the coating composition comprises the following components as given in Table 1 below:

Table 1 In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a process for the preparation of the coating composition. Initially, a predetermined amount of a first alkyd, a first additive, a thixotropic clay based gel, a pigment and a first solvent are pre-mixed followed by milling in an agitator bead mill to obtain a pre-mix.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the pre-mixing is performed by using a high speed stirrer.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the milling is performed by using a Dyano Dispersion machine to obtain a uniform dispersion.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the first alkyd is at least one selected from the group consisting of fast-drying alkyd, non-drying alkyd, and medium-drying alkyds. In accordance with the present disclosure, the fast-drying alkyd is of long oil length (>60%) and is at least one selected from the group consisting of soya oil based alkyd, castor oil based alkyd, coconut oil based alkyd, and derivatives thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the fast-drying alkyd is soya oil based alkyd.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the non-drying alkyd is a slow drying alkyd and at least one selected from the group consisting of linseed oil based alkyd, stand oil based alkyd, walnut oil based alkyd, tung oil based alkyd, perilla oil based alkyd, poppy oil based alkyd, safflower oil based alkyd, and derivatives thereof.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the medium-drying alkyd is of medium oil length and is at least one selected from the group consisting of corn oil based alkyd, cottonseed oil based alkyd, sesame oil based alkyd, grape seed oil based alkyd, sunflower oil based alkyd and derivatives thereof.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the amount of the first alkyd is in the range of 5 to 15 mass% with respect to the total mass of the composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the amount of the first alkyd is 9.17 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the first additive is a dispersion additive (surfactant) and at least one selected from the group consisting sodium stearate, 4-(5-dodecyl) benzenesulfonate, docusate (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate), alkyl ether phosphates, benzalkonium chloride (BAC), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), sodium salt of polyacrylic acid, and block copolymer with pigment affinic groups (Disperbyk 160). In an exemplary embodiment, the dispersion additive is 50% solution of and block copolymer with pigment affinic groups in xylene (Disperbyk 160).

In accordance with the present disclosure, the first additive is present in an amount in the range of 1 to 3 mass% with respect to the total mass of the composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the first additive is present in an amount of 1.67 mass% with respect to the total mass of the composition.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the thixotropic clay-based gel is at least one selected from the group consisting of kaolin, bentonite, attapulgite, and a mixture of (C9- C13) isoparaffin, disteardimonium hectorite and propylene carbonate (Bentone Gel for hammer finishes). In an exemplary embodiment, the thixotropic clay-based gel is bentone gel for hammer finishes, which is a mixture of (C9-C13) isoparaffin, disteardimonium hectorite, and propylene carbonate (Bentone Gel for hammer finishes).

In accordance with the present disclosure, the thixotropic clay-based gel is present in an amount in the range of 1 to 4 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the thixotropic clay-based gel is present in an amount of 3.11 mass% with respect to the total mass of the composition.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the pigment is at least one selected from carbon black pigment and anti-corrosive pigment. The amount of pigment is in the range of 0.5 to 25 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the carbon black pigment is at least one selected from the group consisting of lampblack, carbon black, ivory black, vegetable black, graphite, charcoal, bone black, black iron oxide, mars black, manganese black, iron gallotannate, nigrosine, aniline black, logwood, paracrystalline black and a mixture of diaperoxide based black pigments. In an exemplary embodiment, the carbon black pigment is paracrystalline black pigment (Carbon black Ma 100 and Regal 400 R).

In accordance with the present disclosure, the carbon black pigment is present in an amount in the range of 0.5 to 5 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the carbon black pigments is present in an amount of 1.16 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the anti-corrosive pigment is a zinc derivative and is at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc phosphate, zinc oxide and zinc chromate. In an exemplary embodiment, the anti-corrosive pigment is zinc phosphate.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the anti-corrosive pigment is present in an amount in the range of 10 to 20 mass% with respect to the total mass of the composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the anti-corrosive pigment is present in an amount of 11.14 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.

In the second step, the predetermined amounts of a second alkyd, a second additive, an adhesion promoter, a heavy metal free-drier, an anti-oxidizing agent and a second solvent are added sequentially in the pre-mix to obtain a mixture.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the second alkyd is a reaction product of at least two alkyds selected from the group consisting of fast-drying alkyd, non-drying alkyd, and medium-drying alkyd. In an exemplary embodiment, the second alkyd is a reaction product of soya oil based alkyd (fast-drying alkyd) and castor oil based alkyd (fast drying alkyd).

In accordance with the present disclosure, the second alkyd is present in an amount in the range of 40 to 50 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the second alkyd is present in an amount of 46 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the second additive is at least one selected from the group consisting of flow and rheological agent, non-fading additive, and anti-slip additive. The amount of the second additive is in the range of 0.1 to 10 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the flow and rheological agent is an acrylic copolymer. In an exemplary embodiment, the flow and rheological agent is acrylic copolymer (Resiflow-Lf/Modaflow/Disperlon Ox/Flowlen Ac 26).

In accordance with the present disclosure, the flow and rheological agent is present in an amount in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the flow and rheological agent is present in an amount of 0.65 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. In accordance with the present disclosure, the non-fading additive acts as a light stabilizer, and is at least one selected from the group consisting of benzophenone, benzotriazole, a mixture of 95% benzenepropanoic acid, 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(l,l-dimethylethyl)-4- hydroxy-, C7-9-branched and linear alkyl esters and 5% l-methoxy-2-propyl acetate (Tinuvin 384 / E 81), a mixture of 2-[4-[(2-Hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl)oxy]-2- hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-l,3,5-triazine and 2-[4-[(2-Hydroxy-3- tridecyloxypropyl)oxy]-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl phenyl)-l,3,5-triazine) in 1- methoxy-2-propanol (85% solution) (Tinuvin-400), a basic pentamethylpiperidine and derivatives thereof, and tetra-methyl piperidine and derivative thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the non-fading additive is a mixture of 95% benzenepropanoic acid, 3-(2H- benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(l,l-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, C7-9-branched and linear alkyl esters, and 5% l-methoxy-2-propyl acetate (Tinuvin 384/ E81) and a mixture of 2-[4-[(2-Hydroxy- 3-dodecyloxypropyl)oxy]-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethy lphenyl)-l,3,5-triazine and 2-[4-[(2-Hydroxy-3-tridecyloxypropyl)oxy]-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4 ,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)- 1,3,5-triazine) in l-methoxy-2-propanol (85% solution) (Tinuvin-400).

In accordance with the present disclosure, the non-fading additive is present in an amount in the range of 1 to 4 mass% with respect to the total mass of the composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the non-fading additive is present in an amount of 1.7 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the anti-slip additive is silicone based and is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane, and polyester modified hydroxyl functional polydimethyl siloxane. In an exemplary embodiment, the anti-slip additive is polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane (silicone#Byk 306).

In accordance with the present disclosure, the anti-slip additive is present in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 1 mass% with respect to the total mass of the composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the anti-slip additive is present in an amount of 0.45 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the adhesion promoter is at least one selected from the group consisting of mucin, polyimide macromolecule, silane, siloxane, poly(propylene), g-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, a solution of a hydroxy-functional copolymer with acidic groups. In an exemplary embodiment, the adhesion promoter is hydroxy-functional copolymer with acidic groups (Byk-4510). In another exemplary embodiment, the adhesion promoter is g-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (Z 6040 silane).

In accordance with the present disclosure, the adhesion promoter is present in an amount in the range of 1 to 4 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the adhesion promoter is present in an amount of 3.00 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the heavy metal-free drier is at least one selected from the group consisting of zirconium octoate, cobalt octoate, calcium octoate, and manganese octoate. In an exemplary embodiment, the heavy metal-free drier is a blend of 1.03 mass% of zirconium octoate, 0.35 mass% of calcium octoate, 0.17 mass% of cobalt octoate and 0.69 mass% of manganese octoate.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the heavy metal-free drier is present in an amount in the range of 2 to 5 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the heavy metal-free drier is present in an amount of 2.24 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the anti-oxidizing agent is a solvent based anti oxidizing agent and is at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl ethyl ketoxime, dimethyl sulfoxide, phenols, and aromatic amines such as anilines. In an exemplary embodiment, the anti-oxidizing agent is methyl ethyl ketoxime. In accordance with the present disclosure, the anti-oxidizing agent is present in an amount in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 mass% with respect to the total mass of the composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the anti-oxidizing agent is present in an amount of 0.1 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.

In the last step, the mixture is thinned by diluting with predetermined amount of a third solvent to obtain the coating composition having particle size in the range of 5 to 40 mpi. The dilution of the mixture is performed to obtain the coating composition having the viscosity in the range of 54 to 72 Kreb’s Unit (KU).

In accordance with the present disclosure, the first solvent, the second solvent and the third solvent are same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon aromatic solvent, aromatic long-chain solvent, polar solvent, and ester based solvent. The total amount of the solvents added during the process for preparing the coating composition is in the range of 2 to 30 mass% with respect to the total mass of the coating composition.

The process for the preparation of the coating composition of the present disclosure is simple and economical.

The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Individual components of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment but are interchangeable. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the present disclosure, and all such modifications are considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure is further described in light of the following experiments which are set forth for illustration purpose only and not to be construed for limiting the scope of the disclosure. The following experiments can be scaled up to industrial/commercial scale and the results obtained can be extrapolated to industrial scale.

EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF COATING COMPOSITION IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE

Example 1: The coating composition in accordance with the present disclosure (IK Chassis Black or sample 01)

Predetermined amounts of a first alkyd, a first additive, a thixotropic clay based gel, a pigment and a first solvent were premixed in a high speed stirrer followed by milling in an agitator bead mill (Dyanomill) to obtain a pre-mix (see table 2). In table 2, the components 1 to 7 were for obtaining pre-mix. Then, predetermined amounts of a second alkyd, a second additive, an adhesion promoter, a heavy metal free-drier, an anti-oxidizing agent and a second solvent were added in a sequential manner in the pre-mix to obtain a mixture (see table 2). The components 8-27 were sequentially added to obtain a mixture. The mixture was then thinned by diluting with predetermined amount of a third solvent (components 28 and 29 of table 2) to obtain the coating composition of the present disclosure. The details of the components are provided in table 2 below with their respective amounts.

Table 2

* indicates the percentage of metal contents in the driers

Example 2: The coating composition in accordance with the present disclosure (sample 02)

Sample 02 was prepared in accordance with the process given in example 1, except for the additional amounts of the driers (0.8 to 1.03% of zirconium octoate, 0.12% to 0.17% of cobalt octoate, and 0.5 % to 0.69% of manganese octoate) were added.

Example 3: The coating composition in accordance with the present disclosure (IK modified Chassis Black or sample 03)

Sample 03 was prepared in accordance with the process given in example 1, except for the additional amounts of driers (0.8 to 1.03% of zirconium octoate, 0.12% to 0.17% of cobalt octoate, and 0.5 % to 0.69% of manganese octoate) and an additive (0.45% BYK 306) were added.

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE COATING COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE

• Laboratory testins: The laboratory testing of the coating composition of the present disclosure was conducted as per the test specification given below in Table 3. The field trials were done on a commercial vehicle chassis and results are provided herein below Table 3. Table 3: Lab test findings

It can be observed from table 3 that the coating composition of the present disclosure met the standard specifications and have comparable results with that of the 2K PU black system.

• Evaluation of the coating composition of the present disclosure for adhesion (IK modified Chassis Black):

1) Recoat on Black Cathodic Electro-deposition (CED) Frames

Objective - To check recoatability of IK modified Chassis Black (sample 03) on actual Black CED frame with Com spray at different ageing time

Evaluated - Jointly by Kansai Nerolac Paints Ltd and Daimler India Commercial Vehicle (QA) Frame shop

Evaluation method - Activity 1: Black CED Frame — > Com spray application — > 20 min ageing — > IK modified Chassis Black (1 ^st coat 30-35 m) — > 72 hrs ageing — > Testing — > IK modified Chassis Black (1 ^st recoat 30-35 m) — >72 hrs ageing — > Testing — > IK modified Chassis Black (2 ^nd recoat 30-35 m) — >72 hrs ageing — > Testing Evaluation method - Activity 2: Black CED Frame — > Com spray application — > 24 hrs ageing — > IK modified Chassis Black (1 ^st coat 30-35 m) — > 72 hrs ageing — > Testing — > IK modified Chassis Black (1 ^st recoat 30-35 m) — >72 hrs ageing — > Testing — > IK modified Chassis Black (2 ^nd recoat 30-35 m) — >72 hrs ageing — > Testing

Table 4

Conclusion: The coating composition of the present disclosure passed adhesion test on 1 ^st coat, 1 ^st recoat , 2 ^nd recoat on CED frame with com spray.

2) Recoat on hot rolled steel (HRS) Panels

Objective - To check recoatability of IK modified Chassis Black coating composition on HRS panel with and without Com spray at different ageing time. Evaluated by - Kansai Nerolac Paints Ltd and Daimler India Commercial Vehicle (QM)

Evaluation Method - Activity 1 HRS panel — > Shot Blasting — > Powder coating - >

IK modified Chassis Black (1 ^st coat 140 -150 m) — >

(IA) 5 Hrs ageing — >Testing - > IK modified Chassis Black (1 ^st recoat 180 -190 m) —

> 72 hrs ageing — > Testing — > IK modified Chassis Black (2 ^nd recoat 240- 250 m) — >72 hrs ageing — > Testing

(IB) 72 Hrs ageing — >Testing - > IK modified Chassis Black (1 ^st recoat 180 -190 m) —

-> 72 hrs ageing — > Testing — > IK modified Chassis Black (2 ^nd recoat 240- 250 m) — >72 hrs ageing — > Testing Evaluation Method - Activity 2 (With Com spray) HRS panel — > Shot Blasting —

>Powder coating - > Com Spray — >1K modified Chassis Black (1 ^st coat

160 -170 m) — >

(2A) 72 Hrs ageing — >Testing - > Scuffing — > IK Chassis Black (1 ^st recoat 200 -210 m) — > 72 hrs ageing — > Testing — > Scuffing — >1K modified Chassis Black (2 ^nd recoat 260- 280 m) — >72 hrs ageing — > Testing

(2B) 72 Hrs ageing — >Testing - > IK modified Chassis Black (1 ^st recoat 200 -210 m) -

— > 72 hrs ageing — > Testing — >1K modified Chassis Black (2 ^nd recoat 260- 280 m) — >72 hrs ageing — > Testing Table 5

Conclusion: The coating composition of the present disclosure passed the adhesion test on 1 ^st coat, 1 ^st recoat, 2 ^nd recoat on HRS panel with and without com spray.

3) Recoat on cold rolled steel (CRS) Panels Objective - To check recoatability of IK modified Chassis Black on CRS panel with and without Com spray.

Evaluated by - Jointly by Kansai Nerolac Paints Ltd and Daimler India Commercial Vehicle (QA) Frame shop

Evaluation Method - Activity 1 CRS panel — > Shot Blasting — >Powder coating - > IK modified Chassis Black ( 1 ^st coat 90 to 100 m) — >72 h ageing — >Testing - > IK modified Chassis Black (1 ^st recoat 120 to 130 m) — > 72 h ageing — > Testing — > IK modified Chassis Black (2 ^nd recoat 170 to 190 m) — >72 h ageing — > Testing

Evaluation Method - Activity 2 (With Com spray) CRS panel — > Shot Blasting — ->Powder coating - > Com spray - >1K modified Chassis Black ( 1 ^st coat 120 -130 m) —

>72 h ageing — >Testing - > IK modified Chassis Black (1 ^st recoat 150 -160 m) — > 72 h ageing — > Testing — > IK modified Chassis Black (2 ^nd recoat 200 - 220 m) — >72 h ageing — > Testing

Table 6

Conclusion: The coating composition of the present disclosure passed the adhesion test on 1 ^st coat, 1 ^st recoat , 2 ^nd recoat on CRS panel with and without com spray.

• Evaluation of the coatins composition of the present disclosure for Corrosion Resistance Test (ASTM B117:20191

Test Method: Tested in accordance with ASTM B 117:2019 Standard practice for operating Salt Spray Apparatus.

Type of Salt used: NaCl (M.W. 58.44) with minimum assay 99.9%, total impurities < 0.1% Water type: Conforms to Type IV Water in Specification ASTM D 1193:2006(RA 2018)

Table 7: Test condition

Requirements to pass the corrosion test in accordance with ASTM B 117:2019 are: a) Surface corrosion : No surface rust b) X-cut peel off width : < 6 mm c) Rust width : <6 mm d) Blister width : < 6mm Table 8

Table 9: Sample 01 (IK Chassis black sample prepared in accordance with example 1)

Fig. 4a(i) and 4e(i) refers to images before test and after corrosion using sample 01, respectively. Conclusion: No rust observed till 168 hours for the coating composition of the present disclosure (sample 01)

Table 10: Sample 02 prepared in accordance to example 2 of the present disclosure

Fig. 4a(ii) and 4e(ii) refers to images before test and after corrosion using sample 02, respectively.

Conclusion: There was no rust observed till 169 hours for sample 02.

Table 11: Sample 03 (IK modified Chassis Black prepared in accordance with example 03 of the present disclosure)

Fig. 4a(iii) and 4e(iii) refers to images before test and after corrosion using sample 03, respectively.

Conclusion: There was no rust observed till 168 hours for sample 03.

The given sample met the specification provided by the customer. This observation was made considering the test results only for the given sample and specification.

• Physical Properties o f IK Chassis Black IK Chassis Black was tested for various physical properties for short term and long term.

Table 12: Short term test report

Table 13: Long term test report

• Dry Film Thickness (DFT) Vs. Hardness Analysis (Pencil Hardness Analysis)

Application method: Metal steel (MS)/ cold rolled steel (CRS) Panel — >mineral turpentine oil (MTO) Wiping— > IK Chassis Black — > Air dry — >Test to be carried after 72 Hrs.

Testing method: Testing done by BYK pencil hardness tester, Pencil Used -(Mitsubishi 2B) (Fig. 5a)

Table 14 Conclusion: The film of the coating composition up to thickness of 65 m achieve required hardness within 72 Hrs.

• Salt Spray Test (SST) On Different Substrate

Description: Salt spray resistance test on various type of metal sheet (MS). Application method: MS panel — > MTO Wiping — > IK Chassis Black (30-35 m) DFT — > Testing start after 72 Hrs Ageing — > salt spray — > creepage check after 240 h (Fig. 6a- 6f)

Table 15: Report summary

#CRS- Cold Rolled steel, # HRS- Hot rolled steel, #PT- Pre-treatment, #CED- Cathodic Electric Deposition, #PC- Powder Coating, # B/M- Bare Metal

The width of peel off, rust spot and Blister width are measured on one side of Scribed Line.

Conclusion: The coating composition of the present application passed the salt spray resistance test when applied on CRS.

• Dry Film Thickness (DFT) Ls Salt Spray Resistance Test

Description: The effect of various dry film thicknesses of coating composition (IK Chassis Black) were tested for salt spray resistance test by scribing X-cut peel on metal sheet panels

Application Method: Metal sheet (MS) panel — > Mineral Turpentine Oil (MTO) Wiping - — > IK Chassis Black — > Testing start after 72 h ageing

Table 16 Conclusion: The performance of salt spray resistance improve with increase in DFT of the coating composition (IK Chassis Black) of the present disclosure.

• Salt Spray Resistance on Bare Metal Substrate

Description: Corrosion resistance test of applications of Metal grip Black Primer and IK Chassis Black on Powder Coated HRS Panel (Fig. 8)

Application method: HRS Powder coated — > Bare Metal sanding— > Metal Grip Black (35 to 40 m) DFT — > flash off time 5 min.— >1K Chassis Black (40-45 m) DFT — > Testing start after 72 h Ageing

Table 17 Flash off time refers to drying time between the two coats.

Conclusion: The coating composition of the present disclosure passed the corrosion resistance test by SST method upon application on HRS Powder coated material and metal grip black primer.

• Adhesion of the coating composition on Aerosol Spray Description: Adhesion test on different system with IK Chassis Black

Table 18

PU Black was obtained from Pittsburg Plate Glass Company and DIC Black was obtained from DIC Corporation.

Conclusion: The coating composition of the present disclosure passed the adhesion test even with the base coat of 2K PU system. It is therefore evident that the coating composition of the present disclosure (IK Chassis Black) is compatible with the 2K PU system or the DIC Black Spray Paint. Further, it was not required to remove the already coated 2K PU system or the DIC Black Spray Paint from the MS panel, prior to coating the IK Chassis Black of the present disclosure.

• Salt Spray Test ( SST ) on Exposure Panel Description: Test report of IK Chassis Black SST on Exposure Panel

Application Method: MS panel — > MTO wiping — > IK Chassis Black (40-45m DFT) — > Testing start after 72 Firs Ageing

Table 19

* Exposure panels are the bigger panels of size 150x300x0.8 mm Conclusion: The coating composition of the present disclosure passes the SST on exposure panel

• Threshold of UV and SST Properties

Description: Test report of IK Chassis Black- Maximum Threshold for SST and UV properties

Application method: MS panel — > MTO Wiping — > IK Chassis Black 40-50m — >

Testing after 72 Hrs Ageing

A) Accelerated Weathering (effect of UV light)

Table 20 Conclusion: After 400 hours product meets the gloss retention specification but discoloration/ fading was observed.

B) Corrosion resistance (SST)

Table 21 Conclusion: Corrosion resistance with scribe passing 250 hours, but failing at 300 hours. Corrosion resistance unscribe passing 530 hrs, but failing at 580 hrs.

• Recoat Test of IK Chasssis Black

Description: Test report of IK Chassis Black Recoating on Powder Coated Panel Table 22

Conclusion: IK Chassis Black passes the 2 ^nd recoat adhesion.

• Effect of coatins of Metal Grip primer and IK Chassis Black on MS vanel usine salt spray test _

Description: Test report of IK Chassis Black on Metal Grip primer Application method: MS panel — > MTO Wiping — > Metal grip primer 25-30m — > IK Chassis Black 40-45m — > Testing start after 72 Hrs Ageing

Table 23 The scribes are covered with clear coat to protect and preserve the test portions so as to prevent further corrosion

Conclusion: Initial properties and long term corrosion resistance properties of the system (Metal grip primer + IK Chassis black) passes the requirements. · Water Spot Report of IK Modified Chassis Black

Description: To check water spot issue on various different panels

Application method : Panel — >Mineral Turpentine Oil (MTO) Wiping — > IK Chassis Black — > Water spot after interval of 15, 20 ,45,60,90,120,150 Min and keep overnight, wipe with wet cloth and observe for water mark issue Table 24

IK Modified black (sample 03) demonstrated improved water spotting/repellency.

Conclusion: Slight water mark issue observed in all systems • Stability Report of IK Chassis Black Description: IK CHASSIS BLACK Table 25 End of Life Vehicle (ELY)

Nature of the sample: Paint (IK Chassis Black)

Test Method: With reference to IEC -62321/IS 16197 (Part 1-5)

Test Purpose: To screen for Restriction of Hazardous Substance (RoHS) Directive 2011/65/EU Requirements

Test Equipment: PORTABLE XRF SPECTROMETER (Thermo Niton XL2-800)

Table 26 depicts the standard requirement for Restriction of Hazardous Substance (RoHS) as per Directive 2011/65/EU Requirements

P- Pass, F- Fail and S- Standard deviation, 3d- because 3 samples were checked for each test, LOD- Limit of detection, X is a function or variable ( the test result value after testing)

Example- P <(700-35)<(1300+35)>F

The above term means that as per IS 16197 the metallic or polymeric form of Hg could be between 697 to 1303 ppm (Part per million) or Mg/Kg.

Table 27- depicts the test results obtained for the IK Chassis Black

The table 26 showed the result which were tested, after testing there were no traces of Hg or any of above heavy material. The test finding table requirements are under limit of IS16197.

Conclusion: The above material met the requirements of RoHS directive 2011/65/EU and it’s subsequent.

This was tested by a TCR engineering a NABL accredited lab for detecting heavy metals.

CED components when received from vendor end are sometimes spot touched up with Aerosal kind of coating. IK Chassis Black has to have compatibility with the aerosol also. This was tested at customer end and found to be OK.

TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENTS AND ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE

The present disclosure described herein above has several technical advantages including, but not limited to, the realization of a coating composition and the process of preparation thereof, that has:

• an optimized dosage of the driers which eliminates the challenges of settling and handling time;

• improved air drying properties;

• corrosion resistance and exposure resistance which is similar to the 2K PU system;

• an optimized dosage of non-fading additives which provides enhanced exposure properties to the coating composition;

• a combination of the adhesion promoters which give better adhesive and cohesive properties to the coating composition; and

• the anti-fading additives that lead to better light stability against the ultraviolet rays in the coating composition.

The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained with reference to the non-limiting embodiments in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein. The foregoing description of the specific embodiments so fully reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein.

Throughout this specification the word “comprise”, or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.

The use of the expression “at least” or “at least one” suggests the use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the use may be in the embodiment of the disclosure to achieve one or more of the desired objects or results.

Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the like that has been included in this specification is solely for the purpose of providing a context for the disclosure. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form a part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the disclosure as it existed anywhere before the priority date of this application.

The numerical values mentioned for the various physical parameters, dimensions or quantities are only approximations and it is envisaged that the values higher/lower than the numerical values assigned to the parameters, dimensions or quantities fall within the scope of the disclosure, unless there is a statement in the specification specific to the contrary.

While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the components and component parts of the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment as well as other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.

One of the objects of the Patent Law is to provide protection to new technologies in all fields and domain of technologies. The new technologies shall or may contribute in the country economy growth by way of involvement of new efficient and quality method or product manufacturing in India.

To provide the protection of new technologies by patenting the product or process will contribute significant for innovation development in the country. Further by granting patent the patentee can contribute in manufacturing the new product or new process of manufacturing by him or by technology collaboration or through the licensing.

The applicant submits that the present disclosure will contribute in country economy, which is one of the purposes to enact the Patents Act, 1970. The product in accordance with present invention will be in great demand in country and worldwide due to novel technical features of a present invention is a technical advancement in the coating technology. The technology in accordance with present disclosure will provide product cheaper, saving in time of total process of manufacturing. The saving in production time will improve the productivity, and cost cutting of the product, which will directly contribute to economy of the country.

The product will contribute new concept in the disinfection, wherein patented process and product will be used. The present disclosure will replace the whole concept of coating composition being used in the world from several decades. The product is developed in the national interest and will contribute to country economy.

The economy significance details requirement may be called during the examination. Only after filing of this Patent application, the applicant can work publically related to present disclosure product/process/method. The applicant will disclose all the details related to the economic significance contribution after the protection of invention.