CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This PCT application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application nos. 63/118,089; 63/118,122; 63/118,086; 63/118,107, 63/118,079; and 63/118,092; all of which were filed on November 25, 2020. These documents are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions that modulate GABA activity and are useful for treating CNS-related disorders.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Brain excitability is defined as the level of arousal of an animal, a continuum that ranges from coma to convulsions, and is regulated by various neurotransmitters. In general, neurotransmitters are responsible for regulating the conductance of ions across neuronal membranes. At rest, the neuronal membrane possesses a potential (or membrane voltage) of approximately -70 mV, the cell interior being negative with respect to the cell exterior. The potential (voltage) is the result of ion (K ⁺ , Na ⁺ , Cl-, organic anions) balance across the neuronal semipermeable membrane. Neurotransmitters are stored in presynaptic vesicles and are released under the influence of neuronal action potentials. When released into the synaptic cleft, an excitatory chemical transmitter such as acetylcholine will cause membrane depolarization (change of potential occurs from -70 mV to -50 mV). This effect is mediated by postsynaptic nicotinic receptors which are stimulated by acetylcholine to increase membrane permeability to Na ⁺ ions. The reduced membrane potential stimulates neuronal excitability in the form of a postsynaptic action potential.

[0004] In the case of the GABA receptor complex (GRC), the effect on brain excitability is mediated by g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter. GABA has a profound influence on overall brain excitability because up to 40% of the neurons in the brain utilize

GABA as a neurotransmitter. GABA regulates the excitability of individual neurons by regulating the conductance of chloride ions across the neuronal membrane. GABA interacts with its recognition site on the GRC to facilitate the flow of chloride ions down an electrochemical gradient of the GRC into the cell. An intracellular increase in the levels of this anion causes hyperpolarization of the transmembrane potential, rendering the neuron less susceptible to excitatory inputs, i.e., reduced neuron excitability. In other words, the higher the chloride ion concentration in the neuron, the lower the brain excitability and level of arousal. [0005] It is well-documented that the GRC is responsible for the mediation of anxiety, seizure activity, and sedation. Thus, GABA and drugs that act like GABA or facilitate the effects of GABA (e.g., the therapeutically useful barbiturates and benzodiazepines (BZs), such as Valium®) produce their therapeutically useful effects by interacting with specific regulatory sites on the GRC. Accumulated evidence has now indicated that, in addition to the benzodiazepine and barbiturate binding site, the GRC contains a distinct site for neuroactive steroids. See, e.g., Lan, N. C. et al., Neurochem. Res. (1991) 16:347–356. [0006] Neuroactive steroids can occur endogenously. The most potent endogenous neuroactive steroids are ^ α αhydroxy-5-reduced pregnan-20-one and 3 α-21-dihydroxy-5- reduced pregnan-20-one, metabolites of hormonal steroids progesterone and deoxycorticosterone, respectively. The ability of these steroid metabolites to alter brain excitability was recognized in 1986 (Majewska, M. D. et al., Science 232:1004-1007 (1986); Harrison, N. L. et al., J Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.241:346-353 (1987)). [0007] New and improved compounds are needed that act as modulating agents for brain excitability, as well as agents for the prevention and treatment of CNS-related diseases. The compounds, compositions, and methods described herein are directed toward this end. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0008] Provided herein are compounds designed, for example, to act as GABA modulators. In some embodiments, such compounds are useful as therapeutic agents for treating a CNS- related disorders. [0009] The present invention provides a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring D is selected from each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , R ¹⁷ , R ^20a , R ^20b , R ^20c , and R ²¹ , is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; each L ^A is independently selected from a bond and an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-6 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, –S(O)–, or –S(O) ₂ –; each R ³⁰ is independently selected from R', –OH, halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , and –CF ₃ ; each R' is independently selected from –H, optionally substituted C _1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C _2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C _2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C _1-6 alkyl- O-C _1-6 alkyl, and an optionally substituted 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, or R ^1a and R ^1b taken together form oxo, or R ^2a and R ^2b taken together form oxo, or R ^4a and R ^4b taken together form oxo, or R ^6a and R ^6b taken together form oxo, or R ^7a and R ^7b taken together form oxo, or R ^11a and R ^11b taken together form oxo, or R ^12a and R ^12b taken together form oxo, or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; each of R ⁵ and R ^20c is independently selected from –H and optionally substituted C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, optionally substituted C _1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^31a and R ^31b is independently selected from –H, halo, C _1-6 alkyl, and –OR ³² , wherein R ³² is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or a 3-6- membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S; m is 1 or 2; and n is 0, 1, or 2, provided that when one of R ^31a and R ^31b is –OR ³² , the other of R ^31a and R ^31b is –H. [0010] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring D, R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , R ¹⁷ , R ^20a , R ^20b , R ^20c , R ²¹ , R ^31a . R ^31b , m, and n are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compound of Formula (I). [0011] In some embodiments, ring D is a fused bicyclic ring selected from each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; each L ^A is independently selected from a bond and an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-6 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, –S(O)–, or –S(O) ₂ –; R ³⁰ is independently selected from R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , and –CF ₃ ; each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, C _2-6 alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, and a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or 3-8 membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ , or R ^1a and R ^1b taken together form oxo, or R ^2a and R ^2b taken together form oxo, or R ^4a and R ^4b taken together form oxo, or R ^6a and R ^6b taken together form oxo, or R ^7a and R ^7b taken together form oxo, or R ^11a and R ^11b taken together form oxo, or R ^12a and R ^12b taken together form oxo, or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H or optionally substituted C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹³ is –H or optionally substituted C _1-6 alkyl; each of R ^31a and R ^31b is independently selected from –H, halo, C _1-6 alkyl, and –OR ³² , wherein R ³² is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or a 3-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S; and n is 0, 1, or 2, provided that when one of R ^31a and R ^31b is –OR ³² , the other of R ^31a and R ^31b is –H. [0012] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a and R ^1b is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R', or R ^1a and R ^1b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, each of R ^1a and R ^1b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', or R ^1a and R ^1b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, one of R ^1a and R ^1b is –H, and the other is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, one of R ^1a and R ^1b is –H, and the other is –H or C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, one of R ^1a and R ^1b is –H, and the other is methyl. And, in some embodiments, each of R ^1a and R ^1b is –H. [0013] In some embodiments, each of R ^2a and R ^2b is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R', or R ^2a and R ^2b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, each of R ^2a and R ^2b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', or R ^2a and R ^2b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, one of R ^2a and R ^2b is –H, and the other is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, one of R ^2a and R ^2b is –H, and the other is –H or C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, one of R ^2a and R ^2b is –H, and the other is methyl. And, in some embodiments, each of R ^2a and R ^2b is –H. [0014] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, R ³ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , or –CH ₂ -O-CH ₃ . And, in some embodiments, R ³ is –H or methyl. [0015] In some embodiments, n is 0 and both of R ^4a and R ^4b are absent. In some embodiments, n is 1 and each of R ^4a and R ^4b is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R', or R ^4a and R ^4b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, n is 1 and each of R ^4a and R ^4b is independently selected from –H or C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', or R ^4a and R ^4b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, n is 1, one of R ^4a and R ^4b is –H, and the other is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, n is 1, one of R ^4a and R ^4b is –H, and the other is –H or C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, n is 1, one of R ^4a and R ^4b is –H, and the other is methyl. And, in some embodiments, n is 1 and each of R ^4a and R ^4b is –H. [0016] In some embodiments, R ⁵ is –H or methyl. In some embodiments, R ⁵ is –H. [0017] In some embodiments, each of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R', or R ^6a and R ^6b taken together form oxo, or R ^7a and R ^7b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, each of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, two of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b are –H, and the other two of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b are independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R'. In some embodiments, three of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b are –H, and the other of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, three of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b are –H, and the other is –H or methyl. And, in some embodiments, each of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b is –H. [0018] In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, or ethoxyethyl. And, in some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, methyl, or methoxymethyl. [0019] In some embodiments, each of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R', or R ^11a and R ^11b taken together form oxo, or R ^12a and R ^12b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, each of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, two of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b are –H, and the other two of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b are independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R'. In some embodiments, two of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b are –H, and the other two of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b are independently selected from –H or methyl. In some embodiments, three of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b are –H, and the other of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, three of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b are –H, and the other is –H or methyl. And, in some embodiments, each of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is –H. [0020] In some embodiments, R ¹³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹³ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹³ is –H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, or ethoxyethyl. In some embodiments, R ¹³ is –H, methyl, or methoxymethyl. And, in some embodiments, R ¹³ is methyl. [0021] In some embodiments, each of R ^20a and R ^20b are independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R', or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, each of R ^20a and R ^20b are independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R', or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, R ^20a and R ^20b are independently selected from –H, methyl, or –OH. In some embodiments, one of R ^20a and R ^20b is –OH, and the other is –H, or methyl. And, in some embodiments, R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo. [0022] In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, –CH ₂ –, –CH ₂ -CH ₂ –, –NH–, or –CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ –; and R ³⁰ is a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 3-8 membered ring is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, –CH ₂ –, or –NH–; and R ³⁰ is a 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 5-6-membered ring is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or –CH ₂ –; and R ³⁰ is a 5-6-membered partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 5-6-membered ring is optionally substituted with 1-2 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or –CH ₂ –; and R ³⁰ is wherein each of X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , and X ⁴ is independently N or CR", wherein each R" is independently selected from –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ , provided that (i) at least one of X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , and X ⁴ is N, and (ii) no greater than 2 instances of R" are independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , and –CH ₂ OH. In some embodiments, R ³⁰ is ¹ , X is N; and each of X ² , X ³ , and X ⁴ is independently selected from N and CR", wherein each R" is independently selected from –H, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , and –CH ₂ OH, provided that no greater than 2 instances of R" are independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , and –CH ₂ OH. [0023] In some embodiments, each of R ^31a and R ^31b is independently selected from –H, halo, and C _1-6 alkyl, or when one of R ^31a and R ^31b is –H, the other is –H, halo, C _1-6 alkyl, or –OR ³² , wherein R ³² is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or a 3-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S. In some embodiments, one of R ^31a and R ^31b is –H, and the other is –H, halo, C _1-6 alkyl, or –OR ³² , wherein R ³² is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or a 3-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S. In some embodiments, each of R ^31a and R ^31b is independently selected from –H, halo, and C _1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, one of R ^31a and R ^31b is –H, and the other is –OH, –O-C _1-6 alkyl, –O-phenyl, or –O-C _3-6 cycloalkyl. And, in some embodiments, each of R ^31a and R ^31b is –H. [0024] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (II-A) or (II-B) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I) or (II). [0025] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; each L ^A is independently selected from a bond and an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-6 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, –S(O)–, or –S(O) ₂ –; R ³⁰ is independently selected from R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , and –CF ₃ ; each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, C _2-6 alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, and a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or 3-8 membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ , or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H or optionally substituted C _1-3 alkyl; and R ¹³ is –H or optionally substituted C _1-3 alkyl. [0026] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl; R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, C _2-6 alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹³ is –H or optionally substituted C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, –CH ₂ OH, C _1-6 alkyl, and –NH ₂ , or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –S(O)–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, or –S(O) ₂ –; R ³⁰ is independently selected from R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , and –CF ₃ ; each R' is independently selected from –H, C _{1- 6} alkyl, and a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein each alkyl or 3-8 membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0027] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (II-C)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I) or (II). [0028] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4a , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; each L ^A is independently selected from a bond and an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-6 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –C(O)–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, –S(O)–, or –S(O) ₂ –; each R ³⁰ is independently selected from R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , and –CF ₃ ; each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, C _2-6 alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, and a 3-8- membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or 3-8 membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ , or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H or optionally substituted C _1-3 alkyl; and R ¹³ is –H or optionally substituted C _1-3 alkyl. [0029] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, C _{2- 6} alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹³ is –H or optionally substituted C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, –C _1-5 alkyl-OH, C _1-6 alkyl, and –NH ₂ , or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –S(O)–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, or –S(O) ₂ –; R ³⁰ is selected from R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , and –CF ₃ ; and each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein each alkyl or 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0030] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (II-A1) or (II-A2) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), or (II-A). [0031] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, C _2-6 alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹³ is –H or optionally substituted C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, –C _1-5 alkyl-OH, C _1-6 alkyl, and –NH ₂ , or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –S(O)–, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, or –S(O) ₂ –; R ³⁰ is selected from R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , and –CF ₃ ; and each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein each alkyl or 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0032] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (II-B1) or (II-B2) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), or (II-B). [0033] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, C _2-6 alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹³ is –H or optionally substituted C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, –C _1-5 alkyl-OH, C _1-6 alkyl, and –NH ₂ , or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –S(O)–, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, or –S(O) ₂ –; R ³⁰ is selected from R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , and –CF ₃ ; and each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein each alkyl or 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0034] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (II-C1) or (II-C2)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), or (II-C). [0035] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, C _{2- 6} alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹³ is –H or optionally substituted C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, –C _1-5 alkyl-OH, C _1-6 alkyl, and –NH ₂ , or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –S(O)–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, or –S(O) ₂ –; R ³⁰ is selected from R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , and –CF ₃ ; and each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein each alkyl or 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0036] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (II-A1a), (II-A1b), (II-A1c) or (II-A1d)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), (II-A), or (II-A1). [0037] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹³ is –H or optionally substituted C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, –C _1-5 alkyl-OH, C _1-6 alkyl, and –NH ₂ , or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, –S(O)–, or –S(O) ₂ –; R ³⁰ is selected from R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , and –CF ₃ ; and each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and a 3-8- membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein each alkyl or 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0038] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (II-A2a), (II-A2b), (II-A2c) or (II-A2d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), (II-A), or (II-A2). [0039] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹³ is –H or optionally substituted C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, –C _1-5 alkyl-OH, C _1-6 alkyl, and –NH ₂ , or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, –S(O)–, or –S(O) ₂ –; R ³⁰ is selected from R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , and –CF ₃ ; and each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and a 3-8- membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein each alkyl or 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0040] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (II-B1a), (II-B1b), (II-B1c) or (II-B1d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), (II-B), or (II-B1). [0041] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹³ is –H or optionally substituted C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, –C _1-5 alkyl-OH, C _1-6 alkyl, and –NH ₂ , or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, –S(O)–, or –S(O) ₂ –; R ³⁰ is selected from R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , and –CF ₃ ; and each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and a 3-8- membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein each alkyl or 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0042] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (II-B2a), (II-B2b), (II-B2c) or (II-B2d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), (II-B), or (II-B2). [0043] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹³ is –H or optionally substituted C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, –C _1-5 alkyl-OH, C _1-6 alkyl, and –NH ₂ , or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, –S(O)–, or –S(O) ₂ –; R ³⁰ is selected from R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , and –CF ₃ ; and each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and a 3-8- membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein each alkyl or 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0044] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (II-C1a), (II-C1b), (II-C1c) or (II-C1d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), (II-C), or (II-C1). [0045] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹³ is –H or optionally substituted C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, –C _1-5 alkyl-OH, C _1-6 alkyl, and –NH ₂ , or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, –S(O)–, or –S(O) ₂ –; R ³⁰ is selected from R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , and –CF ₃ ; and each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and a 3-8- membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein each alkyl or 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0046] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (II-C2a), (II-C2b), (II-C2c) or (II-C2d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4a , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), (II-C), or (II-C2). [0047] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹³ is –H or optionally substituted C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently –H, –OH, –C _1-5 alkyl-OH, C _1-6 alkyl, or –NH ₂ , or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –S(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, or –S(O) ₂ –; R ³⁰ is selected from R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , and –CF ₃ ; and each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein each alkyl or 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0048] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring D, R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , R ¹⁷ , R ^20a , R ^20b , R ^20c , R ²¹ , R ^31a , R ^31b and m are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I) or (II). [0049] In some embodiments, Ring D is a fused bicyclic ring selected from R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹³ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently –H, –OH, C _1-6 alkyl, or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, a branched or straight C _1-6 alkylene chain, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 3-8 membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0050] In some embodiments, R ³ is C _1-6 alkyl or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ³ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, butyl, iso-butyl, neopentyl, methyoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, propoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, or propoxyethyl. In some embodiments, R ³ is –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ -CH ₃ , –CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , or –CH ₂ -O-CH ₃ . And, in some embodiments, R ³ is –CH ₃ . [0051] In some embodiments, R ⁵ is –H or C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ⁵ is –H or methyl. [0052] In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, methyoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, propoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, or propoxyethyl. In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H or methyl. [0053] In some embodiments, R ¹³ is C _1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹³ is methyl, ethyl, or propyl. In some embodiments, R ¹³ is –H or methyl. And, in some embodiments, R ¹³ is methyl. [0054] In some embodiments, R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, one of R ^20a and R ^20b is –H, and the other of R ^20a and R ^20b is C _1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, one of R ^20a and R ^20b is C _1-6 alkyl, and the other of R ^20a and R ^20b is –OH. In some embodiments, one of R ^20a and R ^20b is methyl, ethyl, or propyl, and the other of R ^20a and R ^20b is –OH. In some embodiments, R ^20a , R ^20b , and the carbon to which they are attached form [0055] In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, a branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is –H, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 5-6-membered partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 5-6 membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, –CH ₂ –, –CH ₂ -CH ₂ –, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is –H or a 5-6-membered partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 5-6-membered ring is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, –CH ₂ –, –CH ₂ -CH ₂ –, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is a 5-6-membered partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 5-6-membered ring is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, –CH ₂ –, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is , , , wherein each of X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , and X ⁴ is independently N or CR", wherein each R" is independently selected from –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ , provided that (i) at least one of X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , and X ⁴ is N, and (ii) no greater than 2 instances of R" are independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , and –CH ₂ OH. In some embodiments, R ³⁰ is or X ¹ is N; and each of X ² , ^{3 4} X , and X is independently selected from N or CR", wherein each R" is independently selected from –H, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , and –CH ₂ OH, provided that no greater than 2 instances of R" are independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , and –CH ₂ OH. [0056] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (III-A) or (III-B) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), or (III). [0057] In some embodiments, R ³ is methyl; R ⁵ is –H; R ¹⁰ is –H; R ¹³ is –H or methyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, and methyl, or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, -NH-, or –CH ₂ -; R ³⁰ is independently selected from pyrazolyl, tetrazolyl, and pyridyl, each of which is optionally substituted with halo, C _1-6 alkyl, or cyano. [0058] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (III-C) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), or (III). [0059] In some embodiments, R ³ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, or methoxymethyl; R ⁵ is –H; R ¹⁰ is –H; R ¹³ is –H or methyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, and methyl, or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, –NH–, or –CH ₂ –; R ³⁰ is independently selected from methyl, pyrazolyl, tetrazolyl, and pyridyl, each of which is optionally substituted with halo, C _1-6 alkyl, or cyano. [0060] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (III-A1) or (III-A2) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), (III), or (III-A). [0061] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (III-B1) or (III-B2) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), (III), or (III-B). [0062] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (III-C1) or (III-C2) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), (III), or (III-C). [0063] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (III-A1a), (III-A1b), (III-A1c), or (III-A1d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), (III), (III-A), or (III-A1). [0064] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (III-A2a), (III-A2b), (III-A2c), or (III-A2d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), (III), (III-A), or (III-A2). [0065] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (III-B1a), (III-B1b), (III-B1c), or (III-B1d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), (III), (III-B), or (III-B1). [0066] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (III-B2a), (III-B2b), (III-B2c), or (III-B2d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), (III), (III-B), or (III-B2). [0067] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (III-C1a), (III-C1b), (III-C1c), or (III-C1d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), (III), (III-C), or (III-C1). [0068] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (III-C2a), (III-C2b), (III-C2c), or (III-C2d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (II), (III), (III-C), or (III-C2). [0069] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , R ^20a , R ^20b , R ²¹ , m, and n are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I). [0070] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; each L ^A is independently selected from a bond and an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-6 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O)–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, or –S(O) ₂ –; each R ³⁰ is independently selected from R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , and –CF ₃ ; each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, C _2-6 alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, and a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ , or R ^1a and R ^1b taken together form oxo, or R ^2a and R ^2b taken together form oxo, or R ^4a and R ^4b taken together form oxo, or R ^6a and R ^6b taken together form oxo, or R ^7a and R ^7b taken together form oxo, or R ^11a and R ^11b taken together form oxo, or R ^12a and R ^12b taken together form oxo, or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; m is 1 or 2; and n is 0, 1, or 2. [0071] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a and R ^1b is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R', or R ^1a and R ^1b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, each of R ^1a and R ^1b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', or R ^1a and R ^1b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, one of R ^1a and R ^1b is –H, and the other is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, one of R ^1a and R ^1b is –H, and the other is –H or C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, one of R ^1a and R ^1b is –H, and the other is methyl. And, in some embodiments, each of R ^1a and R ^1b is –H. [0072] In some embodiments, each of R ^2a and R ^2b is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R', or R ^2a and R ^2b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, each of R ^2a and R ^2b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', or R ^2a and R ^2b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, one of R ^2a and R ^2b is –H, and the other is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, one of R ^2a and R ^2b is –H, and the other is –H or C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, one of R ^2a and R ^2b is –H, and the other is methyl. And, in some embodiments, each of R ^2a and R ^2b is –H. [0073] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, R ³ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , or –CH ₂ -O-CH ₃ . And, in some embodiments, R ³ is –H or methyl. [0074] In some embodiments, n is 0 and both of R ^4a and R ^4b are absent. In some embodiments, n is 1 and each of R ^4a and R ^4b is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R', or R ^4a and R ^4b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, n is 1 and each of R ^4a and R ^4b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', or R ^4a and R ^4b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, n is 1, one of R ^4a and R ^4b is –H, and the other is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, n is 1, one of R ^4a and R ^4b is –H, and the other is –H or C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, n is 1, one of R ^4a and R ^4b is –H, and the other is methyl. And, in some embodiments, n is 1 and each of R ^4a and R ^4b is –H. [0075] In some embodiments, R ⁵ is –H. [0076] In some embodiments, each of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R', or R ^6a and R ^6b taken together form oxo, or R ^7a and R ^7b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, each of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, two of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b are –H, and the other two of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b are independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R'. In some embodiments, three of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b are –H, and the other of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, three of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b are –H, and the other is –H or methyl. And, in some embodiments, each of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b is –H. [0077] In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, or ethoxyethyl. And, in some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, methyl, or methoxymethyl. [0078] In some embodiments, each of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R', or R ^11a and R ^11b taken together form oxo, or R ^12a and R ^12b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, each of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, two of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b are –H, and the other two of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b are independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R'. In some embodiments, two of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b are –H, and the other two of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b are independently selected from –H and methyl. In some embodiments, three of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b are –H, and the other of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, three of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b are –H, and the other is –H or methyl. And, in some embodiments, each of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is –H. [0079] In some embodiments, m is 1 and R ¹⁵ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, m is 1 and R ¹⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, m is 1 and R ¹⁵ is –H or C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, m is 1 and R ¹⁵ is –H or methyl. And, in some embodiments, m is 1 and R ¹⁵ is –H. [0080] In some embodiments, R ¹⁶ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, R ¹⁶ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, R ¹⁶ is –H or C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹⁶ is –H or methyl. And, in some embodiments, R ¹⁶ is –H. [0081] In some embodiments, each of R ^20a and R ^20b are independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R', or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, each of R ^20a and R ^20b are independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R', or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, R ^20a and R ^20b are independently selected from –H, methyl, and –OH. In some embodiments, one of R ^20a and R ^20b is –OH, and the other is –H, or methyl. In some embodiments, R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo. [0082] In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, –CH ₂ –, –CH ₂ -CH ₂ –, –NH–, or –CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ –; and R ³⁰ is a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 3-8-membered ring is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, –CH ₂ –, or –NH–; and R ³⁰ is a 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 5-6-membered ring is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or –CH ₂ –; and R ³⁰ is a 5-6-membered partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 5-6-membered ring is optionally substituted with 1-2 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or –CH ₂ –; and R ³⁰ is , wherein each of X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , and X ⁴ is independently N a CR", wherein each R" is independently selected from –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ , provided that (i) at least one of X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , and X ⁴ is N, and (ii) no greater than 2 instances of R" are independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , and –CH ₂ OH. In some embodiments, R ³⁰ is or , X ¹ is N; and each of X ² , X ³ , and X ⁴ is independently selected from N or CR", wherein each R" is independently selected from –H, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , and –CH ₂ OH, provided that no greater than 2 instances of R" are independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , and –CH ₂ OH. [0083] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (IV-A) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I) or (IV). [0084] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; each L ^A is independently selected from a bond and an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-6 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O)–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, or –S(O) ₂ –; each R ³⁰ is independently selected from R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , and –CF ₃ ; each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, C _2-6 alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, and a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ , or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-3 alkyl; and R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl. [0085] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹⁵ , and R ¹⁶ is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl; R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, C _2-6 alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, or C _1-5 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ¹⁵ and R ¹⁶ is independently –H or C _1-6 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, –C _1-5 alkyl-OH, C _1-6 alkyl, and –NH ₂ , or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, –S(O)–, or –S(O) ₂ –; R ³⁰ is R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , and –CF ₃ ; and each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein each alkyl or 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0086] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (IV-A1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (IV), or (IV-A). [0087] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , and R ^2b is independently selected from –H and C _1-3 alkyl; R ³ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, –CH ₂ OH, C _1-3 alkyl, and –NH ₂ , or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or a straight or branched C _1-3 alkylene chain; R ³⁰ is R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , or –CF ₃ ; and R' is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or a 3-8-membered partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0088] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (IV-A1a) or (IV-A1b) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (IV), (IV-A), or (IV-A1). [0089] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , and R ^2b is selected from –H and C _1-3 alkyl; R ³ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, –CH ₂ OH, C _1-3 alkyl, and –NH ₂ , or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or a straight or branched C _1-3 alkylene chain; R ³⁰ is R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , or –CF ₃ ; and R' is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or a 3-8-membered partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0090] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (IV-A1a1) or (IV-A1a2) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (IV), (IV-A), (IV-A1), or (IV-A1a). [0091] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , and R ^2b is independently selected from –H and C _1-3 alkyl; R ³ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, –CH ₂ OH, C _1-3 alkyl, and –NH ₂ , or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or a straight C _1-3 alkylene chain; R ³⁰ is R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , or –CF ₃ ; and R' is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or a 3-8-membered partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0092] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (IV-A1b1) or (IV-A1b2) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ , are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (IV), (IV-A), (IV-A1), or (IV-A1b). [0093] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , and R ^2b is independently selected from –H and C _1-3 alkyl; R ³ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, –CH ₂ OH, C _1-3 alkyl, and –NH ₂ , or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or a straight C _1-3 alkylene chain; R ³⁰ is R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , or –CF ₃ ; and R' is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or a 3-8-membered partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0094] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (V) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I) or (IV). [0095] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, and C _1-6 alkyl, or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, a branched or straight C _1-6 alkylene chain, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 3-8 membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0096] In some embodiments, R ³ is C _1-6 alkyl or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ³ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, butyl, iso-butyl, neopentyl, methyoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, propoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, or propoxyethyl. In some embodiments, R ³ is –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ -CH ₃ , –CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , or –CH ₂ -O-CH ₃ . And, in some embodiments, R ³ is –CH ₃ . [0097] In some embodiments, R ⁵ is –H or C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ⁵ is –H or methyl. [0098] In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, methyoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, propoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, or propoxyethyl. In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H or methyl. [0099] In some embodiments, R ¹³ is C _1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹³ is methyl, ethyl, or propyl. In some embodiments, R ¹³ is –H or methyl. And, in some embodiments, R ¹³ is methyl. [0100] In some embodiments, R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, one of R ^20a and R ^20b is –H, and the other of R ^20a and R ^20b is C _1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, one of R ^20a and R ^20b is C _1-6 alkyl, and the other of R ^20a and R ^20b is –OH. In some embodiments, one of R ^20a and R ^20b is methyl, ethyl, or propyl, and the other of R ^20a and R ^20b is –OH. In some embodiments, R ^20a , R ^20b , and the carbon to which they are attached form [0101] In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, a branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is –H, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 5-6-membered partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 5-6 membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, –CH ₂ –, –CH ₂ -CH ₂ –, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is –H or a 5-6-membered partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 5-6-membered ring is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, –CH ₂ –, –CH ₂ -CH ₂ –, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is a 5-6-membered partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 5-6-membered ring is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, –CH ₂ –, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is whe ^{1 2 3} rein each of X , X , X , and X ⁴ is independently N or CR", wherein each R" is independently selected from –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ , provided that (i) at least one of X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , and X ⁴ is N, and (ii) no greater than 2 instances of R" are independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , and –CH ₂ OH. In some embodiments, R ³⁰ is or X ¹ is N; and each of X ² , X ³ , and X ⁴ is independently selected from N or CR", wherein each R" is independently selected from –H, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , and –CH ₂ OH, provided that no greater than 2 instances of R" are independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , and –CH ₂ OH. [0102] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (V-A) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ , are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (IV), or (V). [0103] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, and C _1-6 alkyl, or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, a branched or straight C _1-6 alkylene chain, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 3-8 membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0104] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or methyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, and C _1-3 alkyl, or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 5-6- membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0105] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (V-A1) or (V-A2) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ , are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (IV), (V), or (V-A). [0106] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, and C _1-6 alkyl, or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, a branched or straight C _1-6 alkylene chain, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 3-8 membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0107] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or methyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, and C _1-3 alkyl, or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 5-6- membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0108] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (V-A1a) or (V-A1b) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ , are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (IV), (V), (V-A), or (V- A1). [0109] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, and C _1-6 alkyl, or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, a branched or straight C _1-6 alkylene chain, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 3-8 membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0110] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or methyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, and C _1-3 alkyl, or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 5-6- membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0111] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (V-A2a) or (V-A2b) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ^20a , R ^20b , and R ²¹ , are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (IV), (V), (V-A), or (V- A2). [0112] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, and C _1-6 alkyl, or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, a branched or straight C _1-6 alkylene chain, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 3-8 membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0113] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or methyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^20a and R ^20b is independently selected from –H, –OH, and C _1-3 alkyl, or R ^20a and R ^20b taken together form oxo; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 5-6- membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0114] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (VI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , R ¹⁷ , R ^20c , R ²¹ , R ^31a , R ^31b , m, and n are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I). [0115] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , R ¹⁷ , and R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; each L ^A is independently selected from a bond and an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-6 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O)–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, or –S(O) ₂ –; each R ³⁰ is independently selected from R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , and –CF ₃ ; each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, C _2-6 alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, and a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or 3-8 membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ , or R ^1a and R ^1b taken together form oxo, or R ^2a and R ^2b taken together form oxo, or R ^4a and R ^4b taken together form oxo, or R ^6a and R ^6b taken together form oxo, or R ^7a and R ^7b taken together form oxo, or R ^11a and R ^11b taken together form oxo, or R ^12a and R ^12b taken together form oxo; each of R ⁵ and R ^20c is independently selected from –H and methyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ^31a and R ^31b is (i) independently selected from –H, halo, and C _1-6 alkyl, or (ii) when one of R ^31a and R ^31b is –H, the other of R ^31a and R ^31b is –H, halo, C _1-6 alkyl, or –OR ³² , wherein R ³² is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or a 3-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S; n is 0, 1, or 2; and m is 1 or 2. [0116] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a and R ^1b is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R', or R ^1a and R ^1b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, each of R ^1a and R ^1b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', or R ^1a and R ^1b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, one of R ^1a and R ^1b is –H, and the other is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, one of R ^1a and R ^1b is –H, and the other is –H or C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, one of R ^1a and R ^1b is –H, and the other is methyl. And, in some embodiments, each of R ^1a and R ^1b is –H. [0117] In some embodiments, each of R ^2a and R ^2b is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R', or R ^2a and R ^2b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, each of R ^2a and R ^2b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', or R ^2a and R ^2b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, one of R ^2a and R ^2b is –H, and the other is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, one of R ^2a and R ^2b is –H, and the other is –H or C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, one of R ^2a and R ^2b is –H, and the other is methyl. And, in some embodiments, each of R ^2a and R ^2b is –H. [0118] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, R ³ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , or –CH ₂ -O-CH ₃ . In some embodiments, R ³ is –H or methyl. [0119] In some embodiments, n is 0 and both of R ^4a and R ^4b are absent. In some embodiments, n is 1 and each of R ^4a and R ^4b is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R', or R ^4a and R ^4b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, n is 1 and each of R ^4a and R ^4b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', or R ^4a and R ^4b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, n is 1, one of R ^4a and R ^4b is –H, and the other is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, n is 1, one of R ^4a and R ^4b is –H, and the other is –H or C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, n is 1, one of R ^4a and R ^4b is –H, and the other is methyl. And, in some embodiments, n is 1 and each of R ^4a and R ^4b is –H. [0120] In some embodiments, R ⁵ is –H or methyl. In some embodiments, R ⁵ is –H. [0121] In some embodiments, each of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R', or R ^6a and R ^6b taken together form oxo, or R ^7a and R ^7b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, each of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, two of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b are –H, and the other two of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b are independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R'. In some embodiments, three of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b are –H, and the other of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, three of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b are –H, and the other is –H or methyl. And, in some embodiments, each of R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , and R ^7b is –H. [0122] In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, or ethoxyethyl. And, in some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, methyl, or methoxymethyl. [0123] In some embodiments, each of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R', or R ^11a and R ^11b taken together form oxo, or R ^12a and R ^12b taken together form oxo. In some embodiments, each of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, two of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b are –H, and the other two of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b are independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , and –O-R'. In some embodiments, two of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b are –H, and the other two of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b are independently selected from –H and methyl. In some embodiments, three of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b are –H, and the other of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, three of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b are –H, and the other is –H or methyl. And, in some embodiments, each of R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , and R ^12b is –H. [0124] In some embodiments, R ¹³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, R ¹³ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, R ¹³ is –H or C _1-3 alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl). In some embodiments, R ¹³ is –H. And, in some embodiments, R ¹³ is –CH ₃ (methyl). In some embodiments, R ¹³ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹³ is –H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, or ethoxyethyl. In some embodiments, R ¹³ is –H or C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹³ is –H, methyl, or methoxymethyl. And, in some embodiments, R ¹³ is methyl. [0125] In some embodiments, m is 1 and R ¹⁵ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, m is 1 and R ¹⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, m is 1 and R ¹⁵ is –H or C _1-3 alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl). And, in some embodiments, R ¹⁵ is –H. [0126] In some embodiments, R ¹⁶ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, R ¹⁶ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, R ¹⁶ is –H or C _1-3 alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl). And, in some embodiments, R ¹⁶ is –H. [0127] In some embodiments, R ¹⁷ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R', –N(R') ₂ , or –O-R'. In some embodiments, R ¹⁷ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with R'. In some embodiments, R ¹⁷ is –H or C _1-3 alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl). And, in some embodiments, R ¹⁷ is –H. [0128] In some embodiments, R ^20c is –H. [0129] In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, –CH ₂ –, –CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ –, or –CH ₂ -CH ₂ –; and R ³⁰ is a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 3-8-membered ring is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or –CH ₂ –; and R ³⁰ is a 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 5-6-membered ring is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or –CH ₂ –; and R ³⁰ is a 5-6-membered partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 5-6-membered ring is optionally substituted with 1-2 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or –CH ₂ –; and R ³⁰ is wherein each of X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , and X ⁴ is independently N or CR", wherein each R" is independently selected from –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ , provided that (i) at least one of X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , and X ⁴ is N, and (ii) no greater than 2 instances of R" are independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , and –CH ₂ OH. In some embodiments, R ³⁰ is , X ¹ is N; and ² each of X , X ³ , and X ⁴ is independently selected from N or CR", wherein each R" is independently selected from –H, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , and –CH ₂ OH, provided no greater than 2 instances of R" are independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , and –CH ₂ OH. [0130] In some embodiments, each of R ^31a and R ^31b is independently selected from –H, halo, C _1-6 alkyl, or when one of R ^31a and R ^31b is –H, the other is –H, halo, C _1-6 alkyl, or –OR ³² , wherein R ³² is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or a 3-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S. In some embodiments, one of R ^31a and R ^31b is –H, and the other is –H, halo, C _1-6 alkyl, or –OR ³² , wherein R ³² is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or a 3-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S. In some embodiments, each of R ^31a and R ^31b is independently selected from –H, halo, and C _1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, one of R ^31a and R ^31b is –H, and the other is –OH, –O-C _1-6 alkyl, –O-phenyl, or –O-C _3-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, each of R ^31a and R ^31b is –H. [0131] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (VI-A) or (VI-B) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , R ¹⁷ , R ^20c , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I) or (VI). [0132] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , and R ¹⁷ is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl; R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, C _2-6 alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; each of R ⁵ and R ^20c is independently selected from –H and methyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, –S(O)–, or –S(O) ₂ –; R ³⁰ is R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , or –CF ₃ ; and each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein each alkyl or 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0133] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (VI-A1) or (VI-A2) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , R ¹⁷ , R ^20c , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (VI), or (VI-A). [0134] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , and R ¹⁷ is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl; R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, C _2-6 alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; each of R ⁵ and R ^20c is independently selected from –H and methyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, –S(O)–, or –S(O) ₂ –; R ³⁰ is R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , or –CF ₃ ; and each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein each alkyl or 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0135] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (VI-B1) or (VI-B2) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , R ¹⁷ , R ^20c , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (VI), or (VI-B). [0136] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , and R ¹⁷ is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl; R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, C _2-6 alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; each of R ⁵ and R ^20c is independently selected from –H and methyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, –S(O)–, or –S(O) ₂ –; R ³⁰ is R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , or –CF ₃ ; and each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein each alkyl or 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0137] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (VI-A1a), (VI-A1b), (VI-A1c), or (VI-A1d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , R ¹⁷ , R ^20c , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (VI), (VI-A), or (VI-A1), or (VI-A2). [0138] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , and R ¹⁷ is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl; R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, C _2-6 alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; each of R ⁵ and R ^20c is independently selected from –H and methyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, –S(O)–, or –S(O) ₂ –; R ³⁰ is R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , or –CF ₃ ; and each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein each alkyl or 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0139] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (VI-B1a), (VI-B1b), (VI-B1c), or (VI-B1d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ⁵ , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ¹⁰ , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , R ¹⁷ , R ^20c , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (VI), (VI-B), (VI-B1), or (VI-B2). [0140] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^6a , R ^6b , R ^7a , R ^7b , R ^11a , R ^11b , R ^12a , R ^12b , R ¹³ , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , and R ¹⁷ is independently selected from –H and C _1-6 alkyl; R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, C _2-6 alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; each of R ⁵ and R ^20c is independently selected from –H and methyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, wherein up to two carbon atoms of L ^A are optionally and independently replaced by –NR'–, –S–, –O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)O–, –C(O)–, –C(O)C(O)–, –C(O)NR'–, –NR'C(O)–, –NR'C(O)O–, –S(O) ₂ NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ –, –C(O)NR'NR'–, –NR'C(O)NR'–, –OC(O)NR'–, –NR'NR'–, –NR'S(O) ₂ NR'–, –S(O)–, or –S(O) ₂ –; R ³⁰ is R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , or –CF ₃ ; and each R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein each alkyl or 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0141] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (VI-A3a), (VI-A3b), (VI-B3a), or (VI-B3b) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , R ^2b , R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ , R ¹⁷ , R ^20c , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (VI), (VI-A), (VI-B), (VI-A1), (VI-A2), (VI-B1), (VI-B2), (VI-A1a), (VI-A1b), (VI-A1c), (VI-A1d), (VI-B1a), (VI-B1b), (VI-B1c), or (VI-B1d), as applicable. [0142] In some embodiments, each of R ^1a , R ^1b , R ^2a , and R ^2b is independently selected from –H and C _1-3 alkyl; R ³ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; each of R ⁵ , R ¹³ , R ¹⁷ , and R ^20c is independently selected from –H and methyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or a straight C _1-3 alkylene chain; R ³⁰ is R', halo, –CN, –NO ₂ , or –CF ₃ ; and R' is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and a 3-8-membered partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 3-8-membered ring of R' is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , and –CH ₃ . [0143] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (VII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I) or (VI). [0144] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; each of R ¹⁰ and R ¹³ is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, a branched or straight C _1-6 alkylene chain, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 3-8 membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0145] In some embodiments, R ³ is C _1-6 alkyl or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ³ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, butyl, iso-butyl, neopentyl, methyoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, propoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, or propoxyethyl. In some embodiments, R ³ is –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ -CH ₃ , –CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , or –CH ₂ -O-CH ₃ . And, in some embodiments, R ³ is –CH ₃ . [0146] In some embodiments, R ⁵ is –H or C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ⁵ is –H or methyl. [0147] In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, methyoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, propoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, or propoxyethyl. In some embodiments, R ¹⁰ is –H or methyl. [0148] In some embodiments, R ¹³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹³ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R ¹³ is –H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, methyoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, propoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, or propoxyethyl. In some embodiments, R ¹³ is –H or methyl. And, in some embodiments, R ¹³ is methyl. [0149] In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, a branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is –H, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 5-6-membered partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 5-6 membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, –CH ₂ –, –CH ₂ -CH ₂ –, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is –H or a 5-6-membered partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 5-6-membered ring is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, –CH ₂ –, –CH ₂ -CH ₂ –, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is a 5-6-membered partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 5-6-membered ring is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . In some embodiments, R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, –CH ₂ –, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is ^{1 2 3} wherein each of X , X , X , and X ⁴ is independently N or CR", wherein each R" is independently selected from –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ , provided that (i) at least one of X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , and X ⁴ is N, and (ii) no greater than 2 instances of R" are independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , and –CH ₂ OH. In some embodiments, R ³⁰ is or ^{1 2 3} , X is N; and each of X , X , and X ⁴ is independently selected from N or CR", wherein each R" is independently selected from –H, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , and –CH ₂ OH, provided that no greater than 2 instances of R" are independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , and –CH ₂ OH. [0150] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (VII-A) or (VII-B) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (VI), or (VII). [0151] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; each of R ¹⁰ and R ¹³ is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, a branched or straight C _1-6 alkylene chain, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 3-8 membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0152] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or methyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹³ is –H, or C _1-3 alkyl; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 5-6- membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0153] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (VII-A1) or (VII-A2) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (VI), (VII), or (VII-A). [0154] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; each of R ¹⁰ and R ¹³ is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, a branched or straight C _1-6 alkylene chain, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 3-8 membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0155] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or methyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹³ is –H, or C _1-3 alkyl; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 5-6- membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0156] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (VII-B1) or (VII-B2) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (VI), (VII), or (VII-B). [0157] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; each of R ¹⁰ and R ¹³ is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, a branched or straight C _1-6 alkylene chain, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 3-8 membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0158] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or methyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹³ is –H, or C _1-3 alkyl; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 5-6- membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0159] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (VII -A1a), (VII -A1b), (VII -A1c), or (VII -A1d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (VI), (VII), (VII-A), (VII-A1), or (VII-A2). [0160] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; each of R ¹⁰ and R ¹³ is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, a branched or straight C _1-6 alkylene chain, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 3-8 membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0161] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or methyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹³ is –H, or C _1-3 alkyl; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 5-6- membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0162] Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of Formula (VII-B1a), (VII-B1b), (VII-B1c), or (VII-B1d) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R ³ , R ⁵ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ , and R ²¹ are as defined in any of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula (I), (VI), (VII), (VII-B), (VII-B1), or (VII-B2). [0163] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-6 alkyl, or C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or C _1-6 alkyl; each of R ¹⁰ and R ¹³ is independently selected from –H, C _1-6 alkyl, and C _1-6 alkyl-O-C _1-6 alkyl; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond, a branched or straight C _1-6 alkylene chain, or –N(H)–; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, wherein the 3-8 membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0164] In some embodiments, R ³ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ⁵ is –H or methyl; R ¹⁰ is –H, C _1-3 alkyl, or C _1-3 alkyl-O-C _1-3 alkyl; R ¹³ is –H, or C _1-3 alkyl; R ²¹ is –L ^A -R ³⁰ ; L ^A is a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C _1-3 alkylene chain; and R ³⁰ is –H, halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , or a 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 1-4 nitrogen atoms, wherein the 5-6- membered ring of R ³⁰ is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from halo, –OH, –CN, –NO ₂ , –CF ₃ , –CH ₃ , –CH ₂ OH, and –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ . [0165] Another aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of compounds described herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle, or excipient. [0166] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of modulating a GABAA receptor in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of compounds described herein or any pharmaceutical composition described herein. [0167] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of modulating a GABAA receptor mediated CNS-related disorder in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the compounds described herein or any pharmaceutical composition described herein. [0168] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating a CNS-related disorder in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the compounds described herein or any pharmaceutical composition described herein. In some implementations of the abovementioned methods, the CNS-related disorder is a sleep disorder, a mood disorder, a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, a convulsive disorder, a disorder of memory and/or cognition, a movement disorder, a personality disorder, an autism spectrum disorder, pain, traumatic brain injury, a vascular disease, a substance abuse disorder and/or withdrawal syndrome, tinnitus, or status epilepticus. In some implementations, the CNS-related disorder is a mood disorder. In some implementations, the mood disorder is depression. In some implementations, the depression is postpartum depression. In some implementations, the depression is a major depressive disorder. In some implementations, the major depressive disorder is a moderate major depressive disorder. And, in some implementations, the major depressive disorder is a severe major depressive disorder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0169] As generally described herein, the present invention provides neuroactive steroids designed, for example, to act as GABA _A receptor modulators. In certain embodiments, such compounds are envisioned to be useful as therapeutic agents for treating a CNS-related disorder (e.g., a disorder as described herein, for example depression, such as post-partum depression or major depressive disorder). [0170] I. DEFINITIONS [0171] A. Chemical Definitions [0172] Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail below. The chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75 ^th Ed., inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional moieties and reactivity, are described in Thomas Sorrell, Organic Chemistry, University Science Books, Sausalito, 1999; Smith and March, March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry, 5 ^th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2001; Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 1989; and Carruthers, Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, 3 ^rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987. [0173] Isomers, e.g., stereoisomers, can be isolated from mixtures by methods known to those skilled in the art, including chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the formation and crystallization of chiral salts; or preferred isomers can be prepared by asymmetric syntheses. See, for example, Jacques et al., Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (Wiley Interscience, New York, 1981); Wilen et al., Tetrahedron 33:2725 (1977); Eliel, Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (McGraw–Hill, NY, 1962); and Wilen, Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p.268 (E.L. Eliel, Ed., Univ. of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN 1972). The invention additionally encompasses compounds described herein as individual isomers substantially free of other isomers, and alternatively, as mixtures of various isomers. [0174] “Stereoisomers”: It is also to be understood that compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the nature or sequence of bonding of their atoms or the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed “isomers.” Isomers that differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed “stereoisomers.” Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another are termed “diastereomers” and those that are non- superimposable mirror images of each other are termed “enantiomers.” When a compound has an asymmetric center, for example, it is bonded to four different groups, a pair of enantiomers is possible. An enantiomer can be characterized by the absolute configuration of its asymmetric center and is described by the R– and S–sequencing rules of Cahn and Prelog, or by the manner in which the molecule rotates the plane of polarized light and designated as dextrorotatory or levorotatory (i.e., as (+) or (–)–isomers respectively). A chiral compound can exist as either individual enantiomer or as a mixture thereof. A mixture containing equal proportions of the enantiomers is called a “racemic mixture”. [0175] As used herein a pure enantiomeric compound is substantially free from other enantiomers or stereoisomers of the compound (i.e., in enantiomeric excess). In other words, an “S” form of the compound is substantially free from the “R” form of the compound and is, thus, in enantiomeric excess of the “R” form. The term “enantiomerically pure” or “pure enantiomer” denotes that the compound comprises more than 75% by weight, more than 80% by weight, more than 85% by weight, more than 90% by weight, more than 91% by weight, more than 92% by weight, more than 93% by weight, more than 94% by weight, more than 95% by weight, more than 96% by weight, more than 97% by weight, more than 98% by weight, more than 98.5% by weight, more than 99% by weight, more than 99.2% by weight, more than 99.5% by weight, more than 99.6% by weight, more than 99.7% by weight, more than 99.8% by weight or more than 99.9% by weight, of the enantiomer. In certain embodiments, the weights are based upon total weight of all enantiomers or stereoisomers of the compound. [0176] In the compositions provided herein, an enantiomerically pure compound can be present with other active or inactive ingredients. For example, a pharmaceutical composition comprising enantiomerically pure R–position/center/ carbon compound can comprise, for example, about 90% excipient and about 10% enantiomerically pure R– compound. In certain embodiments, the enantiomerically pure R–compound in such compositions can, for example, comprise, at least about 95% by weight R–compound and at most about 5% by weight S–compound, by total weight of the compound. For example, a pharmaceutical composition comprising enantiomerically pure S–compound can comprise, for example, about 90% excipient and about 10% enantiomerically pure S–compound. In certain embodiments, the enantiomerically pure S–compound in such compositions can, for example, comprise, at least about 95% by weight S–compound and at most about 5% by weight R– compound, by total weight of the compound. In certain embodiments, the active ingredient can be formulated with little or no excipient or carrier. [0177] The term “diastereomierically pure” denotes that the compound comprises more than 75% by weight, more than 80% by weight, more than 85% by weight, more than 90% by weight, more than 91% by weight, more than 92% by weight, more than 93% by weight, more than 94% by weight, more than 95% by weight, more than 96% by weight, more than 97% by weight, more than 98% by weight, more than 98.5% by weight, more than 99% by weight, more than 99.2% by weight, more than 99.5% by weight, more than 99.6% by weight, more than 99.7% by weight, more than 99.8% by weight or more than 99.9% by weight, of a single diastereomer. Methods for determining diastereomeric and enantiomeric purity are well-known in the art. Diastereomeric purity can be determined by any analytical method capable of quantitatively distinguishing between a compound and its diastereomers, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). [0178] Compounds disclosed herein may be "isomerically pure" compounds. As used herein, the term "isomerically pure" refers to an isomeric form of a compound that is substantially free from other isomeric forms of the compound (e.g., substantially free from other stereoisomers (e.g., enantiomers, diastereomers, geometric (or conformational) isomers, etc.), constitutional isomers, isotopomers, etc.). For example, an “isomerically pure” compound having at least one asymmetric center of a particular configuration (i.e., R or S configuration) is substantially free from other isomeric forms of the compound having a different configuration at the at least one asymmetric center. An “isomerically pure” compound comprises more than 75% by weight, more than 80% by weight, more than 85% by weight, more than 90% by weight, more than 91% by weight, more than 92% by weight, more than 93% by weight, more than 94% by weight, more than 95% by weight, more than 96% by weight, more than 97% by weight, more than 98% by weight, more than 98.5% by weight, more than 99% by weight, more than 99.2% by weight, more than 99.5% by weight, more than 99.6% by weight, more than 99.7% by weight, more than 99.8% by weight, or more than 99.9% by weight, of a single isomer of the compound based on the total weight of all isomers of the compound that are present. [0179] The articles “a” and “an” may be used herein to refer to one or to more than one (i.e., at least one) of the grammatical objects of the article. By way of example “an analogue” means one analogue or more than one analogue. [0180] When a range of values is listed, it is intended to encompass each value and sub-range within the range. For example “C _1-6 alkyl” is intended to encompass, C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ , C ₄ , C ₅ , C ₆ , C _1-6 , C _1-5 , C1-4, C _1-3 , C1-2, C _2-6 , C2-5, C2-4, C2-3, C _3-6 , C ₃ -5, C ₃ -4, C ₄ -6, C ₄ -5, and C ₅ -6 alkyl. [0181] The following terms are intended to have the meanings presented therewith below and are useful in understanding the description and intended scope of the present invention. [0182] “Alkyl” refers to a radical of a straight-chain or branched saturated hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms (“C1-20 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 12 carbon atoms (“C1-12 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms (“C _1-10 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 9 carbon atoms (“C1-9 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms (“C _1-8 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 7 carbon atoms (“C1-7 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms (“C _1-6 alkyl”, also referred to herein as “lower alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms (“C _1-5 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms (“C _1-4 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms (“C _1-3 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 2 carbon atoms (“C _1-2 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 carbon atom (“C ₁ alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms (“C _2-6 alkyl”). Examples of C _1-6 alkyl groups include methyl (C ₁ ), ethyl (C ₂ ), n-propyl (C ₃ ), isopropyl (C ₃ ), n-butyl (C ₄ ), tert-butyl (C ₄ ), sec-butyl (C ₄ ), iso-butyl (C ₄ ), n- pentyl (C ₅ ), 3-pentanyl (C ₅ ), amyl (C ₅ ), neopentyl (C ₅ ), 3-methyl-2-butanyl (C ₅ ), tertiary amyl (C ₅ ), and n-hexyl (C ₆ ). Additional examples of alkyl groups include n-heptyl (C ₇ ), n- octyl (C ₈ ) and the like. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an alkyl group is independently optionally substituted, i.e., unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted alkyl”) or substituted (a “substituted alkyl”) with one or more substituents; e.g., for instance from 1 to 5 substituents, 1 to 3 substituents, or 1 substituent. In certain embodiments, the alkyl group is unsubstituted C _1-10 alkyl (e.g., –CH ₃ ). In certain embodiments, the alkyl group is substituted C _1-10 alkyl. Common alkyl abbreviations include Me (–CH ₃ ), Et (–CH ₂ CH ₃ ), iPr (–CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ ), nPr (–CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ ), n-Bu (–CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ ), or i-Bu (–CH ₂ CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ ). [0183] “Alkylene” refers to an alkyl group wherein two hydrogens are removed to provide a divalent radical, and which may be substituted or unsubstituted. Unsubstituted alkylene groups include, but are not limited to, methylene (–CH ₂ –), ethylene (–CH ₂ CH ₂ –), propylene (–CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ –), butylene (–CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ –), pentylene (–CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ –), hexylene (–CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ –), and the like. Exemplary substituted alkylene groups, e.g., substituted with one or more alkyl (methyl) groups, include but are not limited to, substituted methylene (–CH(CH ₃ )–, (–C(CH ₃ ) ₂ –), substituted ethylene (–CH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ –, –CH ₂ CH(CH ₃ )–, –C(CH ₃ ) ₂ CH ₂ –, –CH ₂ C(CH ₃ ) ₂ –), substituted propylene (–CH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ CH ₂ –, –CH ₂ CH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ –, –CH ₂ CH ₂ CH(CH ₃ )–, –C(CH ₃ ) ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ –, –CH ₂ C(CH ₃ ) ₂ CH ₂ –, –CH ₂ CH ₂ C(CH ₃ ) ₂ –), and the like. When a range or number of carbons is provided for a particular alkylene group, it is understood that the range or number refers to the range or number of carbons in the linear carbon divalent chain. Alkylene groups may be substituted or unsubstituted with one or more substituents as described herein. [0184] “Alkenyl” refers to a radical of a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, one or more carbon-carbon double bonds (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 carbon-carbon double bonds), and optionally one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 carbon-carbon triple bonds) (“C _2-20 alkenyl”). In certain embodiments, alkenyl does not contain any triple bonds. In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 10 carbon atoms (“C _2-10 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 9 carbon atoms (“C _2-9 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 8 carbon atoms (“C2-8 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 7 carbon atoms (“C2-7 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms (“C _2-6 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 5 carbon atoms (“C _2-5 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 4 carbon atoms (“C _2-4 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 3 carbon atoms (“C2-3 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 carbon atoms (“C2 alkenyl”). The one or more carbon- carbon double bonds can be internal (such as in 2-butenyl) or terminal (such as in 1-butenyl). Examples of C2–4 alkenyl groups include ethenyl (C2), 1-propenyl (C ₃ ), 2-propenyl (C ₃ ), 1- butenyl (C ₄ ), 2–butenyl (C ₄ ), butadienyl (C ₄ ), and the like. Examples of C2–6 alkenyl groups include the aforementioned C _2–4 alkenyl groups as well as pentenyl (C ₅ ), pentadienyl (C ₅ ), hexenyl (C ₆ ), and the like. Additional examples of alkenyl include heptenyl (C ₇ ), octenyl (C8), octatrienyl (C8), and the like. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an alkenyl group is independently optionally substituted, i.e., unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted alkenyl”) or substituted (a “substituted alkenyl”) with one or more substituents, e.g., from 1 to 5 substituents, 1 to 3 substituents, or 1 substituent. In certain embodiments, the alkenyl group is unsubstituted C _2-10 alkenyl. In certain embodiments, the alkenyl group is substituted C _2-10 alkenyl. [0185] “Alkynyl” refers to a radical of a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 carbon-carbon triple bonds), and optionally one or more carbon-carbon double bonds (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 carbon-carbon double bonds) (“C2-20 alkynyl”). In certain embodiments, alkynyl does not contain any double bonds. In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 2 to 10 carbon atoms (“C _2-10 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 2 to 9 carbon atoms (“C _2-9 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 2 to 8 carbon atoms (“C2-8 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 2 to 7 carbon atoms (“C2-7 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms (“C _2-6 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 2 to 5 carbon atoms (“C _2-5 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 2 to 4 carbon atoms (“C2-4 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 2 to 3 carbon atoms (“C2-3 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 2 carbon atoms (“C ₂ alkynyl”). The one or more carbon- carbon triple bonds can be internal (such as in 2-butynyl) or terminal (such as in 1-butynyl). Examples of C2-4 alkynyl groups include, without limitation, ethynyl (C ₂ ), 1-propynyl (C ₃ ), 2- propynyl (C ₃ ), 1-butynyl (C ₄ ), 2-butynyl (C ₄ ), and the like. Examples of C _2-6 alkenyl groups include the aforementioned C _2-4 alkynyl groups as well as pentynyl (C ₅ ), hexynyl (C ₆ ), and the like. Additional examples of alkynyl include heptynyl (C ₇ ), octynyl (C8), and the like. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an alkynyl group is independently optionally substituted, i.e., unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted alkynyl”) or substituted (a “substituted alkynyl”) with one or more substituents; e.g., from 1 to 5 substituents, 1 to 3 substituents, or 1 substituent. In certain embodiments, the alkynyl group is unsubstituted C _2-10 alkynyl. In certain embodiments, the alkynyl group is substituted C _2-10 alkynyl. [0186] The term “heteroalkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, which further comprises 1 or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, boron, silicon, phosphorus) within the parent chain, wherein the one or more heteroatoms is inserted between adjacent carbon atoms within the parent carbon chain and/or one or more heteroatoms is inserted between a carbon atom and the parent molecule, i.e., between the point of attachment. In certain embodiments, a heteroalkyl group refers to a saturated group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms (“heteroC _1-10 alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms and 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms (“heteroC1-9 alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms (“heteroC _1-8 alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms and 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms (“heteroC1-7 alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and 1, 2, or 3 heteroatoms (“heteroC _1-6 alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and 1 or 2 heteroatoms (“heteroC _1-5 alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and 1or 2 heteroatoms (“heteroC _1-4 alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 heteroatom (“heteroC _1-3 alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms and 1 heteroatom (“heteroC _1-2 alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 carbon atom and 1 heteroatom (“heteroC1 alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and 1 or 2 heteroatoms (“heteroC _2-6 alkyl”). Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a heteroalkyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heteroalkyl”) or substituted (a “substituted heteroalkyl”) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkyl group is an unsubstituted heteroC _1-10 alkyl. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkyl group is a substituted heteroC _1-10 alkyl. [0187] “Aryl” refers to a radical of a monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic or tricyclic) 4n+2 aromatic ring system (e.g., having 6, 10, or 14 π electrons shared in a cyclic array) having 6-14 ring carbon atoms and no heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system (“C _6-14 aryl”). In some embodiments, an aryl group has six ring carbon atoms (“C ₆ aryl”; i.e., phenyl). In some embodiments, an aryl group has ten ring carbon atoms (“C ₁₀ aryl”; e.g., naphthyl such as 1-naphthyl or 2-naphthyl). In some embodiments, an aryl group has fourteen ring carbon atoms (“C ₁₄ aryl”; e.g., anthracyl). “Aryl” also includes ring systems wherein the aryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl groups wherein the radical or point of attachment is on the aryl ring, and in such instances, the number of carbon atoms continue to designate the number of carbon atoms in the aryl ring system. Typical aryl groups include, but are not limited to, groups derived from aceanthrylene, acenaphthylene, acephenanthrylene, anthracene, azulene, benzene, chrysene, coronene, fluoranthene, fluorene, hexacene, hexaphene, hexalene, as-indacene, s-indacene, indane, indene, naphthalene, octacene, octaphene, octalene, ovalene, penta-2,4-diene, pentacene, pentalene, pentaphene, perylene, phenalene, phenanthrene, picene, pleiadene, pyrene, pyranthrene, rubicene, triphenylene, and trinaphthalene. Particularly aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, and tetrahydronaphthyl. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an aryl group is independently optionally substituted, i.e., unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted aryl”) or substituted (a “substituted aryl”) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the aryl group is unsubstituted C _6-14 aryl. In certain embodiments, the aryl group is substituted C _6-14 aryl. [0188] In certain embodiments, an aryl group substituted with one or more of groups selected from halo, C _1-8 alkyl, C _1-8 haloalkyl, cyano, hydroxy, C _1-8 alkoxy, and amino. [0189] Examples of representative substituted aryls include the following: , wherein one of R ⁵⁶ and R ⁵⁷ may be hydrogen and at least one of R ⁵⁶ and R ⁵⁷ is independently selected from C _1-8 alkyl, C _1-8 haloalkyl, 4-10 membered heterocyclyl, alkanoyl, C _1-8 alkoxy, heteroaryloxy, alkylamino, arylamino, heteroarylamino, –NR ⁵⁸ COR ⁵⁹ , –NR ⁵⁸ SOR ⁵⁹ , –NR ⁵⁸ SO ₂ R ⁵⁹ , –COOalkyl, –COOaryl, –CONR ⁵⁸ R ⁵⁹ , –CONR ⁵⁸ OR ⁵⁹ , –NR ⁵⁸ R ⁵⁹ , –SO ₂ NR ⁵⁸ R ⁵⁹ , –S-alkyl, –SOalkyl, –SO ₂ alkyl, –Saryl, –SOaryl, and –SO ₂ aryl; or R ⁵⁶ and R ⁵⁷ may be joined to form a cyclic ring (saturated or unsaturated) having 5 to 8 atoms, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S. R ⁶⁰ and R ⁶¹ are independently hydrogen, C _1-8 alkyl, C _1-4 haloalkyl, C _3-10 cycloalkyl, 4-10 membered heterocyclyl, C _6-10 aryl, substituted C _6-10 aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl. [0190] “Fused aryl” refers to an aryl having two of its ring carbons in common with a second aryl or heteroaryl ring or with a carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl ring. [0191] “Heteroaryl” refers to a radical of a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic 4n+2 aromatic ring system (e.g., having 6 or 10 π electrons shared in a cyclic array) having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from N, O, and S (“5-10 membered heteroaryl”). In heteroaryl groups that contain one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as valency permits. Heteroaryl bicyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or both rings. “Heteroaryl” includes ring systems wherein the heteroaryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl groups wherein the point of attachment is on the heteroaryl ring, and in such instances, the number of ring members continue to designate the number of ring members in the heteroaryl ring system. “Heteroaryl” also includes ring systems wherein the heteroaryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl groups wherein the point of attachment is either on the aryl or heteroaryl ring, and in such instances, the number of ring members designates the number of ring members in the fused (aryl/heteroaryl) ring system. Bicyclic heteroaryl groups wherein one ring does not contain a heteroatom (e.g., indolyl, quinolinyl, carbazolyl, and the like) the point of attachment can be on either ring, i.e., either the ring bearing a heteroatom (e.g., 2-indolyl) or the ring that does not contain a heteroatom (e.g., 5-indolyl). [0192] In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group is a 5-10 membered aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from N, O, and S (“5-10 membered heteroaryl”). In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group is a 5-8 membered aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from N, O, and S (“5-8 membered heteroaryl”). In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group is a 5-6 membered aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from N, O, and S (“5-6 membered heteroaryl”). In some embodiments, the 5-6 membered heteroaryl has 1-3 ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S. In some embodiments, the 5-6 membered heteroaryl has 1-2 ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S. In some embodiments, the 5-6 membered heteroaryl has 1 ring heteroatom selected from N, O, and S. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a heteroaryl group is independently optionally substituted, i.e., unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heteroaryl”) or substituted (a “substituted heteroaryl”) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl group is unsubstituted 5-14 membered heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl group is substituted 5-14 membered heteroaryl. [0193] Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, pyrrolyl, furanyl and thiophenyl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing two heteroatoms include, without limitation, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, and isothiazolyl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing three heteroatoms include, without limitation, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, and thiadiazolyl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing four heteroatoms include, without limitation, tetrazolyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, pyridinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing two heteroatoms include, without limitation, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrazinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing three or four heteroatoms include, without limitation, triazinyl and tetrazinyl, respectively. Exemplary 7-membered heteroaryl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azepinyl, oxepinyl, and thiepinyl. Exemplary 5,6-bicyclic heteroaryl groups include, without limitation, indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl, isobenzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, benzoisofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzthiadiazolyl, indolizinyl, and purinyl. Exemplary 6,6- bicyclic heteroaryl groups include, without limitation, naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, and quinazolinyl. [0194] Examples of representative heteroaryls include the following: , wherein each Z is independently selected from carbonyl, N, NR ⁶⁵ , O, and S; and R ⁶⁵ is independently hydrogen, C _1-8 alkyl, C _3-10 cycloalkyl, 4-10 membered heterocyclyl, C _6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl. [0195] “Carbocyclyl” or “carbocyclic” refers to a radical of a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group having from 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (“C _3-10 carbocyclyl”) and zero heteroatoms in the non-aromatic ring system. In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (“C _3-8 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C _3-6 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C _3-6 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 5 to 10 ring carbon atoms (“C _5-10 carbocyclyl”). Exemplary C _3-6 carbocyclyl groups include, without limitation, cyclopropyl (C ₃ ), cyclopropenyl (C ₃ ), cyclobutyl (C ₄ ), cyclobutenyl (C ₄ ), cyclopentyl (C ₅ ), cyclopentenyl (C ₅ ), cyclohexyl (C ₆ ), cyclohexenyl (C ₆ ), cyclohexadienyl (C ₆ ), and the like. Exemplary C _3-8 carbocyclyl groups include, without limitation, the aforementioned C _3-6 carbocyclyl groups as well as cycloheptyl (C ₇ ), cycloheptenyl (C ₇ ), cycloheptadienyl (C ₇ ), cycloheptatrienyl (C ₇ ), cyclooctyl (C8), cyclooctenyl (C ₈ ), bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl (C ₇ ), bicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl (C ₈ ), and the like. Exemplary C _3-10 carbocyclyl groups include, without limitation, the aforementioned C _3-8 carbocyclyl groups as well as cyclononyl (C ₉ ), cyclononenyl (C ₉ ), cyclodecyl (C ₁₀ ), cyclodecenyl (C ₁₀ ), octahydro-1H-indenyl (C ₉ ), decahydronaphthalenyl (C ₁₀ ), spiro[4.5]decanyl (C ₁₀ ), and the like. As the foregoing examples illustrate, in certain embodiments, the carbocyclyl group is either monocyclic (“monocyclic carbocyclyl”) or contain a fused, bridged or spiro ring system such as a bicyclic system (“bicyclic carbocyclyl”) and can be saturated or can be partially unsaturated. “Carbocyclyl” also includes ring systems wherein the carbocyclyl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups wherein the point of attachment is on the carbocyclyl ring, and in such instances, the number of carbons continue to designate the number of carbons in the carbocyclic ring system. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a carbocyclyl group is independently optionally substituted, i.e., unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted carbocyclyl”) or substituted (a “substituted carbocyclyl”) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the carbocyclyl group is unsubstituted C _3-10 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, the carbocyclyl group is a substituted C _3-10 carbocyclyl. [0196] In some embodiments, “carbocyclyl” is a monocyclic, saturated carbocyclyl group having from 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (“C _3-10 cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (“C _3-8 cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C _3-6 cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 5 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C _5-6 cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 5 to 10 ring carbon atoms (“C ₅ -10 cycloalkyl”). Examples of C _5-6 cycloalkyl groups include cyclopentyl (C ₅ ) and cyclohexyl (C ₅ ). Examples of C _3-6 cycloalkyl groups include the aforementioned C _5–6 cycloalkyl groups as well as cyclopropyl (C ₃ ) and cyclobutyl (C ₄ ). Examples of C _3-8 cycloalkyl groups include the aforementioned C _3-6 cycloalkyl groups as well as cycloheptyl (C ₇ ) and cyclooctyl (C8). Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a cycloalkyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted cycloalkyl”) or substituted (a “substituted cycloalkyl”) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is unsubstituted C _3-10 cycloalkyl. In certain embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is substituted C _3-10 cycloalkyl. [0197] “Heterocyclyl” or “heterocyclic” refers to a radical of a 3– to 10–membered non– aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, boron, phosphorus, and silicon (“3-10 membered heterocyclyl”). In heterocyclyl groups that contain one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as valency permits. A heterocyclyl group can either be monocyclic (“monocyclic heterocyclyl”) or a fused, bridged or spiro ring system such as a bicyclic system (“bicyclic heterocyclyl”), and can be saturated or can be partially unsaturated. Heterocyclyl bicyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or both rings. “Heterocyclyl” also includes ring systems wherein the heterocyclyl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more carbocyclyl groups wherein the point of attachment is either on the carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl ring, or ring systems wherein the heterocyclyl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups, wherein the point of attachment is on the heterocyclyl ring, and in such instances, the number of ring members continue to designate the number of ring members in the heterocyclyl ring system. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of heterocyclyl is independently optionally substituted, i.e., unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heterocyclyl”) or substituted (a “substituted heterocyclyl”) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the heterocyclyl group is unsubstituted 3-10 membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, the heterocyclyl group is substituted 3-10 membered heterocyclyl. [0198] In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is a 5-10 membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, boron, phosphorus, and silicon (“5-10 membered heterocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is a 5-8 membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-8 membered heterocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is a 5-6 membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-6 membered heterocyclyl”). In some embodiments, the 5-6 membered heterocyclyl has 1-3 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the 5-6 membered heterocyclyl has 1-2 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the 5-6 membered heterocyclyl has one ring heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. [0199] Exemplary 3-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azirdinyl, oxiranyl, thiorenyl. Exemplary 4-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azetidinyl, oxetanyl and thietanyl. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, dihydrothiophenyl, pyrrolidinyl, dihydropyrrolyl and pyrrolyl-2,5-dione. Exemplary 5- membered heterocyclyl groups containing two heteroatoms include, without limitation, dioxolanyl, oxasulfuranyl, disulfuranyl, and oxazolidin-2-one. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups containing three heteroatoms include, without limitation, triazolinyl, oxadiazolinyl, and thiadiazolinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyridinyl, and thianyl. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing two heteroatoms include, without limitation, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, dioxanyl. Exemplary 6- membered heterocyclyl groups containing two heteroatoms include, without limitation, triazinanyl. Exemplary 7-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azepanyl, oxepanyl and thiepanyl. Exemplary 8-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azocanyl, oxecanyl and thiocanyl. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups fused to a C ₆ aryl ring (also referred to herein as a 5,6-bicyclic heterocyclic ring) include, without limitation, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydrobenzothienyl, benzoxazolinonyl, and the like. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups fused to an aryl ring (also referred to herein as a 6,6-bicyclic heterocyclic ring) include, without limitation, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and the like. [0200] “Nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl” group means a 4- to 7- membered non-aromatic cyclic group containing at least one nitrogen atom, for example, but without limitation, morpholine, piperidine (e.g., 2-piperidinyl, 3-piperidinyl and 4-piperidinyl), pyrrolidine (e.g., 2-pyrrolidinyl and 3-pyrrolidinyl), azetidine, pyrrolidone, imidazoline, imidazolidinone, 2- pyrazoline, pyrazolidine, piperazine, and N-alkyl piperazines such as N-methyl piperazine. Particular examples include azetidine, piperidone and piperazone. [0201] “Hetero” when used to describe a compound or a group present on a compound means that one or more carbon atoms in the compound or group have been replaced by a nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur heteroatom. Hetero may be applied to any of the hydrocarbyl groups described above such as alkyl, e.g., heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, e.g., heterocyclyl, aryl, e.g,. heteroaryl, cycloalkenyl, e.g,. cycloheteroalkenyl, and the like having from 1 to 5, and particularly from 1 to 3 heteroatoms. [0202] “Acyl” refers to a radical –C(O)R ¹⁰⁰ , where R ¹⁰⁰ is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, as defined herein. “Alkanoyl” is an acyl group wherein R ¹⁰⁰ is a group other than hydrogen. Representative acyl groups include, but are not limited to, formyl (–CHO), acetyl (–C(=O)CH ₃ ), cyclohexylcarbonyl, cyclohexylmethylcarbonyl, benzoyl (–C(=O)Ph), benzylcarbonyl (–C(=O)CH ₂ Ph), –C(O)-C _1-8 alkyl, –C(O)-(CH ₂ )t(C _6-10 aryl), –C(O)-(CH ₂ )t(5-10 membered heteroaryl), –C(O)-(CH ₂ )t(C _3-10 cycloalkyl), and –C(O)-(CH ₂ )t(4-10 membered heterocyclyl), wherein t is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, R ¹⁰⁰ is C _1-8 alkyl, substituted with halo or hydroxy; or C _3-10 cycloalkyl, 4-10 membered heterocyclyl, C _6-10 aryl, arylalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl, each of which is substituted with unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, halo, unsubstituted C1-4 alkoxy, unsubstituted C1-4 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C1-4 hydroxyalkyl, or unsubstituted C1-4 haloalkoxy or hydroxy. [0203] “Alkoxy” refers to the group –OR ¹⁰¹ wherein R ¹⁰¹ is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. Particular alkoxy groups are methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, sec-butoxy, n-pentoxy, n- hexoxy, and 1,2-dimethylbutoxy. Particular alkoxy groups are lower alkoxy, i.e. with between 1 and 6 carbon atoms. Further particular alkoxy groups have between 1 and 4 carbon atoms. [0204] In certain embodiments, R ¹⁰¹ is a group that has 1 or more substituents, for instance from 1 to 5 substituents, and particularly from 1 to 3 substituents, in particular 1 substituent, selected from the group consisting of amino, substituted amino, C _6-10 aryl, aryloxy, carboxyl, cyano, C _3-10 cycloalkyl, 4-10 membered heterocyclyl, halogen, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, hydroxyl, nitro, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thiol, alkyl-S(O)-, aryl–S(O)-, alkyl–S(O) ₂ - and aryl- S(O) ₂ -. Exemplary ‘substituted alkoxy’ groups include, but are not limited to, –O-(CH ₂ ) _t (C _6-10 aryl), –O-(CH ₂ ) _t (5-10 membered heteroaryl), –O-(CH ₂ ) _t (C _3-10 cycloalkyl), and –O-(CH ₂ )t(4-10 membered heterocyclyl), wherein t is an integer from 0 to 4 and any aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl groups present, may themselves be substituted by unsubstituted C _1-4 alkyl, halo, unsubstituted C _1-4 alkoxy, unsubstituted C _1-4 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C1-4 hydroxyalkyl, or unsubstituted C1-4 haloalkoxy or hydroxy. Particular exemplary ‘substituted alkoxy’ groups are –OCF ₃ , –OCH ₂ CF ₃ , –OCH ₂ Ph, –OCH ₂ -cyclopropyl, –OCH ₂ CH ₂ OH, and –OCH ₂ CH ₂ NMe ₂ . [0205] “Amino” refers to the radical –NH ₂ . [0206] “Oxo group” refers to =O. [0207] “Substituted amino” refers to an amino group of the formula –N(R ³⁸ ) ₂ wherein R ³⁸ is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or an amino protecting group, wherein at least one of R ³⁸ is not a hydrogen. In certain embodiments, each R ³⁸ is independently selected from hydrogen, C _1-8 alkyl, C _3-8 alkenyl, C _3-8 alkynyl, C _6-10 aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocyclyl, or C _3-10 cycloalkyl; or C _1-8 alkyl, substituted with halo or hydroxy; C _3-8 alkenyl, substituted with halo or hydroxy; C _3-8 alkynyl, substituted with halo or hydroxy, or -(CH ₂ )t(C _6-10 aryl), -(CH ₂ )t(5- 10 membered heteroaryl), -(CH ₂ )t(C _3-10 cycloalkyl), or -(CH ₂ )t(4-10 membered heterocyclyl), wherein t is an integer between 0 and 8, each of which is substituted by unsubstituted C _1-4 alkyl, halo, unsubstituted C1-4 alkoxy, unsubstituted C1-4 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C1-4 hydroxyalkyl, or unsubstituted C1-4 haloalkoxy or hydroxy; or both R ³⁸ groups are joined to form an alkylene group. [0208] Exemplary “substituted amino” groups include, but are not limited to, –NR ³⁹ -C _1-8 alkyl, –NR ³⁹ -(CH ₂ )t(C _6-10 aryl), –NR ³⁹ -(CH ₂ )t(5-10 membered heteroaryl), –NR ³⁹ -(CH ₂ )t(C ₃ - 10 cycloalkyl), and –NR ³⁹ -(CH ₂ )t(4-10 membered heterocyclyl), wherein t is an integer from 0 to 4, for instance 1 or 2; each R ³⁹ independently represents H or C _1-8 alkyl; and any alkyl groups present may themselves be substituted by halo, substituted or unsubstituted amino, or hydroxy; and any aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl groups present may themselves be substituted by unsubstituted C _1-4 alkyl, halo, unsubstituted C _1-4 alkoxy, unsubstituted C _1-4 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C1-4 hydroxyalkyl, or unsubstituted C1-4 haloalkoxy or hydroxy. For the avoidance of doubt the term ‘substituted amino’ includes the groups alkylamino, substituted alkylamino, alkylarylamino, substituted alkylarylamino, arylamino, substituted arylamino, dialkylamino, and substituted dialkylamino as defined below. Substituted amino encompasses both monosubstituted amino and disubstituted amino groups. [0209] “Carboxy” refers to the radical –C(O)OH. [0210] “Cyano” refers to the radical –CN. [0211] “Halo” or “halogen” refers to fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I). In certain embodiments, the halo group is either fluoro or chloro. [0212] “Haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical in which the alkyl group is substituted with one or more halogens. Typical haloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, dibromoethyl, tribromomethyl, tetrafluoroethyl, and the like. [0213] “Hydroxy” refers to the radical –OH. [0214] “Nitro” refers to the radical –NO ₂ . [0215] “Oxo” refers to the group =O. [0216] “Thioketo” refers to the group =S. [0217] Alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl groups, as defined herein, are optionally substituted (e.g., “substituted” or “unsubstituted” alkyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” alkenyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” alkynyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” carbocyclyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heterocyclyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” aryl or “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heteroaryl group). In general, the term “substituted”, whether preceded by the term “optionally” or not, means that at least one hydrogen present on a group (e.g., a carbon or nitrogen atom) is replaced with a permissible substituent, e.g., a substituent which upon substitution results in a stable compound, e.g., a compound which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, or other reaction. Unless otherwise indicated, a “substituted” group has a substituent at one or more substitutable positions of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure is substituted, the substituent is either the same or different at each position. The term “substituted” is contemplated to include substitution with all permissible substituents of organic compounds, any of the substituents described herein that results in the formation of a stable compound. The present invention contemplates any and all such combinations in order to arrive at a stable compound. For purposes of this invention, heteroatoms such as nitrogen may have hydrogen substituents and/or any suitable substituent as described herein which satisfy the valencies of the heteroatoms and results in the formation of a stable moiety. [0218] Exemplary carbon atom substituents include, but are not limited to, halogen, –CN, –NO ₂ , –N ₃ , –SO ₂ H, –SO ₃ H, –OH, –OR ^aa , –ON(R ^bb ) ₂ , –N(R ^bb ) ₂ , –N(R ^bb ) ₃ ⁺ X ^– , –N(OR ^cc )R ^bb , –SH, –SR ^aa , –SSR ^cc , –C(=O)R ^aa , –CO ₂ H, –CHO, –C(OR ^cc ) ₂ , –CO ₂ R ^aa , –OC(=O)R ^aa , –OCO ₂ R ^aa , –C(=O)N(R ^bb ) ₂ , –OC(=O)N(R ^bb ) ₂ , –NR ^bb C(=O)R ^aa , –NR ^bb CO ₂ R ^aa , –NR ^bb C(=O)N(R ^bb ) ₂ , –C(=NR ^bb )R ^aa , –C(=NR ^bb )OR ^aa , –OC(=NR ^bb )R ^aa , –OC(=NR ^bb )OR ^aa , –C(=NR ^bb )N(R ^bb ) ₂ , –OC(=NR ^bb )N(R ^bb ) ₂ , –NR ^bb C(=NR ^bb )N(R ^bb ) ₂ , –C(=O)NR ^bb SO ₂ R ^aa , –NR ^bb SO ₂ R ^aa , –SO ₂ N(R ^bb ) ₂ , –SO ₂ R ^aa , –SO ₂ OR ^aa , –OSO ₂ R ^aa , –S(=O)R ^aa , –OS(=O)R ^aa , –Si(R ^aa ) ₃ , –OSi(R ^aa ) ₃ –C(=S)N(R ^bb ) ₂ , –C(=O)SR ^aa , –C(=S)SR ^aa , –SC(=S)SR ^aa , –SC(=O)SR ^aa , –OC(=O)SR ^aa , –SC(=O)OR ^aa , –SC(=O)R ^aa , –P(=O) ₂ R ^aa , –OP(=O) ₂ R ^aa , –P(=O)(R ^aa ) ₂ , –OP(=O)(R ^aa ) ₂ , –OP(=O)(OR ^cc ) ₂ , –P(=O) ₂ N(R ^bb ) ₂ , –OP(=O) ₂ N(R ^bb ) ₂ , –P(=O)(NR ^bb ) ₂ , –OP(=O)(NR ^bb ) ₂ , –NR ^bb P(=O)(OR ^cc ) ₂ , –NR ^bb P(=O)(NR ^bb ) ₂ , –P(R ^cc ) ₂ , –P(R ^cc ) ₃ , –OP(R ^cc ) ₂ , –OP(R ^cc ) ₃ , –B(R ^aa ) ₂ , –B(OR ^cc ) ₂ , –BR ^aa (OR ^cc ), C _1-10 alkyl, C _1-10 haloalkyl, C _2-10 alkenyl, C _2-10 alkynyl, C _3-10 carbocyclyl, 3–14 membered heterocyclyl, C _6-14 aryl, and 5–14 membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 R ^dd groups; or two geminal hydrogens on a carbon atom are replaced with the group =O, =S, =NN(R ^bb ) ₂ , =NNR ^bb C(=O)R ^aa , =NNR ^bb C(=O)OR ^aa , =NNR ^bb S(=O) ₂ R ^aa , =NR ^bb , or =NOR ^cc ; each instance of R ^aa is, independently, selected from C _1-10 alkyl, C _1-10 haloalkyl, C _2-10 alkenyl, C _2-10 alkynyl, C _3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl, C _6-14 aryl, and 5-14 membered heteroaryl, or two R ^aa groups are joined to form a 3-14 membered heterocyclyl or 5-14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 R ^dd groups; each instance of R ^bb is, independently, selected from hydrogen, –OH, –OR ^aa , –N(R ^cc ) ₂ , –CN, –C(=O)R ^aa , –C(=O)N(R ^cc ) ₂ , –CO ₂ R ^aa , –SO ₂ R ^aa , –C(=NR ^cc )OR ^aa , –C(=NR ^cc )N(R ^cc ) ₂ , –SO ₂ N(R ^cc ) ₂ , –SO ₂ R ^cc , –SO ₂ OR ^cc , –SOR ^aa , –C(=S)N(R ^cc ) ₂ , –C(=O)SR ^cc , –C(=S)SR ^cc , –P(=O) ₂ R ^aa , –P(=O)(R ^aa ) ₂ , –P(=O) ₂ N(R ^cc ) ₂ , –P(=O)(NR ^cc ) ₂ , C _1-10 alkyl, C _1-10 haloalkyl, C _2-10 alkenyl, C _2-10 alkynyl, C _3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl, C _6-14 aryl, and 5-14 membered heteroaryl, or two R ^bb groups are joined to form a 3-14 membered heterocyclyl or 5-14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 R ^dd groups; each instance of R ^cc is, independently, selected from hydrogen, C _1-10 alkyl, C _1-10 haloalkyl, C _2-10 alkenyl, C _2-10 alkynyl, C _3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl, C _6-14 aryl, and 5-14 membered heteroaryl, or two R ^cc groups are joined to form a 3-14 membered heterocyclyl or 5-14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 R ^dd groups; each instance of R ^dd is, independently, selected from halogen, –CN, –NO ₂ , –N ₃ , –SO ₂ H, –SO ₃ H, –OH, –OR ^ee , –ON(R ^ff ) ₂ , –N(R ^ff ) ₂ , –N(R ^ff ) ₃ ⁺ X ^– , –N(OR ^ee )R ^ff , –SH, –SR ^ee , –SSR ^ee , –C(=O)R ^ee , –CO ₂ H, –CO ₂ R ^ee , –OC(=O)R ^ee , –OCO ₂ R ^ee , –C(=O)N(R ^ff ) ₂ , –OC(=O)N(R ^ff ) ₂ , –NR ^ff C(=O)R ^ee , –NR ^ff CO ₂ R ^ee , –NR ^ff C(=O)N(R ^ff ) ₂ , –C(=NR ^ff )OR ^ee , –OC(=NR ^ff )R ^ee , –OC(=NR ^ff )OR ^ee , –C(=NR ^ff )N(R ^ff ) ₂ , –OC(=NR ^ff )N(R ^ff ) ₂ , –NR ^ff C(=NR ^ff )N(R ^ff ) ₂ ,–NR ^ff SO ₂ R ^ee , –SO ₂ N(R ^ff ) ₂ , –SO ₂ R ^ee , –SO ₂ OR ^ee , –OSO ₂ R ^ee , –S(=O)R ^ee , –Si(R ^ee ) ₃ , –OSi(R ^ee ) ₃ , –C(=S)N(R ^ff ) ₂ , –C(=O)SR ^ee , –C(=S)SR ^ee , –SC(=S)SR ^ee , –P(=O) ₂ R ^ee , –P(=O)(R ^ee ) ₂ , –OP(=O)(R ^ee ) ₂ , –OP(=O)(OR ^ee ) ₂ , C _1-6 alkyl, C _1-6 haloalkyl, C _2-6 alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, C _3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, C _6-10 aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 R ^gg groups, or two geminal R ^dd substituents can be joined to form =O or =S; each instance of R ^ee is, independently, selected from C _1-6 alkyl, C _1-6 haloalkyl, C _2-6 alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, C _3-10 carbocyclyl, C _6-10 aryl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, and 3-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 R ^gg groups; each instance of R ^ff is, independently, selected from hydrogen, C _1-6 alkyl, C _1-6 haloalkyl, C _2-6 alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, C _3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, C _6-10 aryl and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or two R ^ff groups are joined to form a 3-14 membered heterocyclyl or 5-14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 R ^gg groups; and each instance of R ^gg is, independently, halogen, –CN, –NO ₂ , –N ₃ , –SO ₂ H, –SO ₃ H, –OH, –OC _1-6 alkyl, –ON(C _1-6 alkyl) ₂ , –N(C _1-6 alkyl) ₂ , –N(C _1-6 alkyl) ₃ ⁺ X ^– , –NH(C _1-6 alkyl) ₂ ⁺ X ^– , –NH ₂ (C _1-6 alkyl) ⁺ X ^– , –NH ₃ ⁺ X ^– , –N(OC _1-6 alkyl)(C _1-6 alkyl), –N(OH)(C _1-6 alkyl), –NH(OH), –SH, –SC _1-6 alkyl, –SS(C _1-6 alkyl), –C(=O)(C _1-6 alkyl), –CO ₂ H, –CO ₂ (C _1-6 alkyl), –OC(=O)(C _1-6 alkyl), –OCO ₂ (C _1-6 alkyl), –C(=O)NH ₂ , –C(=O)N(C _1-6 alkyl) ₂ , –OC(=O)NH(C _1-6 alkyl), –NHC(=O)( C _1-6 alkyl), –N(C _1-6 alkyl)C(=O)( C _1-6 alkyl), –NHCO ₂ (C _1-6 alkyl), –NHC(=O)N(C _1-6 alkyl) ₂ , –NHC(=O)NH(C _1-6 alkyl), –NHC(=O)NH ₂ , –C(=NH)O(C _1-6 alkyl),–OC(=NH)(C _1-6 alkyl), –OC(=NH)OC _1-6 alkyl, –C(=NH)N(C _1-6 alkyl) ₂ , –C(=NH)NH(C _1-6 alkyl), –C(=NH)NH ₂ , –OC(=NH)N(C _1-6 alkyl) ₂ , –OC(NH)NH(C _1-6 alkyl), –OC(NH)NH ₂ , –NHC(NH)N(C _1-6 alkyl) ₂ , –NHC(=NH)NH ₂ , –NHSO ₂ (C _1-6 alkyl), –SO ₂ N(C _1-6 alkyl) ₂ , –SO ₂ NH(C _1-6 alkyl), –SO ₂ NH ₂ , –SO ₂ C _1-6 alkyl, –SO ₂ OC _1-6 alkyl, –OSO ₂ C _1-6 alkyl, –SOC _1-6 alkyl, –Si(C _1-6 alkyl) ₃ , –OSi(C _1-6 alkyl) ₃ –C(=S)N(C _1-6 alkyl) ₂ , C(=S)NH(C _1-6 alkyl), C(=S)NH ₂ , –C(=O)S(C _1-6 alkyl), –C(=S)SC _1-6 alkyl, –SC(=S)SC _1-6 alkyl, –P(=O) ₂ (C _1-6 alkyl), –P(=O)(C _1-6 alkyl) ₂ , –OP(=O)(C _1-6 alkyl) ₂ , –OP(=O)(OC _1-6 alkyl) ₂ , C _1-6 alkyl, C _1-6 haloalkyl, C _2-6 alkenyl, C _2-6 alkynyl, C _3-10 carbocyclyl, C _6-10 aryl, 3–10 membered heterocyclyl, 5–10 membered heteroaryl; or two geminal R ^gg substituents can be joined to form =O or =S; wherein X ^– is a counterion. [0219] A “counterion” or “anionic counterion” is a negatively charged group associated with a cationic quaternary amino group in order to maintain electronic neutrality. Exemplary counterions include halide ions (e.g., F ^– , Cl ^– , Br ^– , I ^– ), NO ₃ ^– , ClO ₄ ^– , OH ^– , H ₂ PO ₄ ^– , HSO ₄ ^– , sulfonate ions (e.g., methansulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, 10-camphor sulfonate, naphthalene-2-sulfonate, naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid-5-sulfonate, ethan-1-sulfonic acid-2-sulfonate, and the like), and carboxylate ions (e.g., acetate, ethanoate, propanoate, benzoate, glycerate, lactate, tartrate, glycolate, and the like). [0220] These and other exemplary substituents are described in more detail in the Detailed Description, and Claims. The invention is not intended to be limited in any manner by the above exemplary listing of substituents. [0221] B. Other Definitions [0222] As used herein, the term “modulation” refers to the inhibition or potentiation of GABA _A receptor function. A “modulator” (e.g., a modulator compound) may be, for example, an agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, or partial antagonist of the GABAA receptor. [0223] “Pharmaceutically acceptable” means approved or approvable by a regulatory agency of the Federal or a state government or the corresponding agency in countries other than the United States, or that is listed in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia or other generally recognized pharmacopoeia for use in animals, and more particularly, in humans. [0224] “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to a salt of a compound of the invention that is pharmaceutically acceptable and that possesses the desired pharmacological activity of the parent compound. In particular, such salts are non-toxic, and may be inorganic or organic acid addition salts and base addition salts. Specifically, such salts include: (1) acid addition salts, formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like; or formed with organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, 3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl) benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1,2-ethane-disulfonic acid, 2- hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid, 2- naphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-toluenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, 4- methylbicyclo[2.2.2]-oct-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid, glucoheptonic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, trimethylacetic acid, tertiary butylacetic acid, lauryl sulfuric acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, hydroxynaphthoic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid, muconic acid, and the like; or (2) salts formed when an acidic proton present in the parent compound either is replaced by a metal ion, e.g., an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth ion, or an aluminum ion; or coordinates with an organic base such as ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, N- methylglucamine and the like. Salts further include, by way of example only, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, tetraalkylammonium, and the like; and when the compound contains a basic functionality, salts of non-toxic organic or inorganic acids, such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, tartrate, mesylate, acetate, maleate, oxalate and the like. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable cation” refers to an acceptable cationic counter– ion of an acidic functional group. Such cations are exemplified by sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, tetraalkylammonium cations, and the like. See, e.g., Berge, et al., J. Pharm. Sci. (1977) 66(1): 1–79. [0225] The term “prodrug” is intended to encompass therapeutically inactive compounds that, under physiological conditions, are converted into the therapeutically active agents of the present invention. One method for making a prodrug is to design selected moieties that are hydrolyzed or cleaved at a targeted in vivo site of action under physiological conditions to reveal the desired molecule which then produces its therapeutic effect. In certain embodiments, the prodrug is converted by an enzymatic activity of the subject. [0226] In an alternate embodiment, the present invention provides prodrugs of compounds described herein, wherein the prodrug includes a cleavable moiety on the C3 hydroxy as depicted in Formulae depicted herein. [0227] “Tautomers” refer to compounds that are interchangeable forms of a particular compound structure, and that vary in the displacement of hydrogen atoms and electrons. Thus, two structures may be in equilibrium through the movement of π electrons and an atom (usually H). For example, enols and ketones are tautomers because they are rapidly interconverted by treatment with either acid or base. Another example of tautomerism is the aci- and nitro- forms of phenylnitromethane that are likewise formed by treatment with acid or base. Tautomeric forms may be relevant to the attainment of the optimal chemical reactivity and biological activity of a compound of interest. [0228] A “subject” to which administration is contemplated includes humans, i.e., a male or female of any age group. Exemplary human subjects include, e.g., “a pediatric subject” (e.g., infant, child, adolescent) or “adult subject” (e.g., young adult, middle-aged adult or senior adult). [0229] In certain embodiments, the substituent present on an oxygen atom is an oxygen protecting group (also referred to as a hydroxyl protecting group). Oxygen protecting groups include, but are not limited to, –R ^aa , –N(R ^bb ) ₂ , –C(=O)SR ^aa , –C(=O)R ^aa , –CO ₂ R ^aa , –C(=O)N(R ^bb ) ₂ , –C(=NR ^bb )R ^aa , –C(=NR ^bb )OR ^aa , –C(=NR ^bb )N(R ^bb ) ₂ , –S(=O)R ^aa , –SO ₂ R ^aa , –Si(R ^aa ) ₃ , –P(R ^cc ) ₂ , –P(R ^cc ) ₃ , –P(=O) ₂ R ^aa , –P(=O)(R ^aa ) ₂ , –P(=O)(OR ^cc ) ₂ , –P(=O) ₂ N(R ^bb ) ₂ , and –P(=O)(NR ^bb ) ₂ , wherein R ^aa , R ^bb , and R ^cc are as defined herein. Oxygen protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3 ^rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999, incorporated herein by reference. [0230] Exemplary oxygen protecting groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, methoxylmethyl (MOM), 2-methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM), benzyl (Bn), triisopropylsilyl (TIPS), t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), t-butylmethoxyphenylsilyl (TBMPS), methanesulfonate (mesylate), and tosylate (Ts). [0231] In certain embodiments, the substituent present on a sulfur atom is an sulfur protecting group (also referred to as a thiol protecting group). Sulfur protecting groups include, but are not limited to, –R ^aa , –N(R ^bb ) ₂ , –C(=O)SR ^aa , –C(=O)R ^aa , –CO ₂ R ^aa , –C(=O)N(R ^bb ) ₂ , –C(=NR ^bb )R ^aa , –C(=NR ^bb )OR ^aa , –C(=NR ^bb )N(R ^bb ) ₂ , –S(=O)R ^aa , –SO ₂ R ^aa , –Si(R ^aa ) ₃ , –P(R ^cc ) ₂ , –P(R ^cc ) ₃ , –P(=O) ₂ R ^aa , –P(=O)(R ^aa ) ₂ , –P(=O)(OR ^cc ) ₂ , –P(=O) ₂ N(R ^bb ) ₂ , and –P(=O)(NR ^bb ) ₂ , wherein R ^aa , R ^bb , and R ^cc are as defined herein. Sulfur protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3 ^rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999, incorporated herein by reference. [0232] In certain embodiments, the substituent present on a nitrogen atom is an amino protecting group (also referred to herein as a nitrogen protecting group). Amino protecting groups include, but are not limited to, –OH, –OR ^aa , –N(R ^cc ) ₂ , –C(=O)R ^aa , –C(=O)OR ^aa , –C(=O)N(R ^cc ) ₂ , –S(=O) ₂ R ^aa , –C(=NR ^cc )R ^aa , –C(=NR ^cc )OR ^aa , –C(=NR ^cc )N(R ^cc ) ₂ , –SO ₂ N(R ^cc ) ₂ , –SO ₂ R ^cc , –SO ₂ OR ^cc , –SOR ^aa , –C(=S)N(R ^cc ) ₂ , –C(=O)SR ^cc , –C(=S)SR ^cc , C _1-10 alkyl, C _2-10 alkenyl, C _2-10 alkynyl, C _3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-14-membered heterocyclyl, C _6-14 aryl, and 5-14-membered heteroaryl groups, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 R ^dd groups, and wherein R ^aa , R ^bb , R ^cc and R ^dd are as defined herein. Amino protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3 ^rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999, incorporated herein by reference. [0233] Exemplary amino protecting groups include, but are not limited to amide groups (e.g., –C(=O)R ^aa ), which include, but are not limited to, formamide and acetamide; carbamate groups (e.g., –C(=O)OR ^aa ), which include, but are not limited to, 9-fluorenylmethyl carbamate (Fmoc), t-butyl carbamate (BOC), and benzyl carbamate (Cbz); sulfonamide groups (e.g., –S(=O) ₂ R ^aa ), which include, but are not limited to, p-toluenesulfonamide (Ts), methanesulfonamide (Ms), and N-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methylamine (SEM). [0234] The terms, “disease”, “disorder”, and “condition” are used interchangeably herein. [0235] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the terms “treat”, “treating”, and “treatment” contemplate an action that occurs while a subject is suffering from the specified disease, disorder or condition, which reduces the severity of the disease, disorder or condition, or retards or slows the progression of the disease, disorder or condition (“therapeutic treatment”), and also contemplates an action that occurs before a subject begins to suffer from the specified disease, disorder or condition.