TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to a container for storage of liquefied and compressed fluids, containing a body with frame of semitransparent composite material, which enlaces a transparent hermetic thin-walled thermoplastic lining with a neck located in the mouth of continuous axial bore of the body and a protective cover, which consists of a central cylindrical section with observation windows, upper cover and a base with a number of profile lengthwise and circular elastic ribs. This invention generally relates to high-pressure containers for liquid and gaseous substances, the power bodies of which are produced of composite material, inside they are furnished with hermetic lining and outside they are protected by a protective cover.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Containers of this type are mostly designed for storage and transport of liquid mixtures of pressured fluid or gas in common conditions, or for use as replaceable containers of vehicles in supply of combustion engines.

The constructions of these containers comprise of multi-layer fixed constructions, which consist of a protective cover, the high-pressure container, produced of composite material, which consists of hermetic lining on the inside, produced of thermoplastic, aluminium or stainless steel. The material is chosen based on the type and character of the liquid mixtures, which are filled in the container. The hermetic usually has a sleeve made of the same material, of which the hermetic lining is produced. The whole length of the sleeve is located in the axial bore of the mouth, built in the container body in the production.

Inside the sleeve, coaxially to the opening there is a centrally located neck, furnished with closing fittings of any suitable type. The mentioned solutions are described e. g. in files EP 0874187 Al, F 17C 1/16, RU 2162564 Cl F 17 C 1/16, GB 1023011 A, F 17 C1/16.

In usage, these containers are usually put through impact loads. For example, in accordance with the requirements of standards, like e. g. standard EN 12245, it is necessary for this container filled in accordance with standards to secure its serviceability after falling from the height of three metres. The level of the occurring dynamic loads is up to several tons. In accordance with the applicable standards, it is necessary to maintain for this container the limited damage of outer surface of the composite container. There are also other standards, e. g. EN 12245, EN ISO 11623, based on similar measurement principles.

That is why the material of the protective cover has a special importance for construction of containers of this type, because it protects the composite container against external mechanical, chemical and other impacts.

These containers are usually exposed to repeated strains caused by the internal pressure of the working environment. That is why the construction and material of the hermetic lining has a special importance in containers of this type. Also the hermetic sealing of the sleeve lining in the axial bore of the neck is important to avoid leakage of liquid mixtures or failure of leak tightness of the container.

There are known attempts to produce pressure vessels using protective devices- cases, produced in form of individual flexible layers of various materials. These layers are closely connected with the body frame, see e. g. files US 4925044 220/3, F 17C 1/06 or the patent WO 99/27293 A2 F 17C. The drawback of these solutions is the fact that absorption of energy from external impacts, e. g. in case of a fall, occurs here due to contact compression of the protective cover materials, which forms only a small percentage of the total value of the operating energy, and all loads from the operation thus pass to the composite frame of the pressure vessel body. This solution can be used in practice only for containers of smaller volumes.

There are also known constructive solutions, where wrought covers, which are a part of the container design at the same time, are installed to the pressure vessel and closely connected to its cylindrical part-see the file of company Scandinavia Compozite. A drawback of this solution is the fact that due to dynamic action, inner forces occur, which are a peripheral force flow at the same time and pass to the composite frame of the container body, through the polymer binder of the composite material. If we consider small

values of resistance of the composite polymer binder, we arrive to unreliability of connection of the wrought covers and the container.

The solution according to file WO 98/34063 Al F17C practically eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks. The problem is solved using the suggested construction of the protective cover, containing three sections, which are fastened by force profile edges. In accordance with the solution pursuant to file WO 98/34063 Al F17C, the pressure vessel is installed freely in the cover, and can move in case of deformation of the cover. In this case, the absorption of dynamic action energy occurs through bending of the base or the cover, and using the flexion of the supporting edges of cover components. However, in case of high levels of the dynamic action, this solution leads to increase of the total dimensions of the cover. The solution also leads to complexity of the technical realization and does not always provide the optimum solution of the problem-reliable protection of the composite container.

Last but not least, the general task of development of a reliable pressure vessel also depends on construction of the composite container and on the materials used in it.

There is a known high-pressure vessel with a body consisting of composite material and mouth inbuilt in the container. This container is furnished with inside hermetic lining with a sleeve placed across the axial bore of the mouth, while it is in contact with its inner surface. Inside the sleeve, coaxially to the bore of the mouth, there is a centrally installed neck, which forces the sleeve of the lining to the inner surface of the mouth bore, and which has at least one outer circular or helical projection at the side of the container body cavity, and this projection rests on the lining sleeve and works against the lining for the purpose of sealing the sleeve. This solution is mentioned in files GB 1023011 A, 16. 03.66, F 17 C1/16.

However, the mentioned solutions are not sufficient for hermetic sealing of containers with high levels of pressure, because the gradual changes between the neck projections are within the limits of elastic deformations at high pressures, while the value of dilatability of the hermetic lining material and its sleeve is considerably higher, and this discrepancy in deformations is the main cause of de-sealing of the container, in case of its high pressure strain.

An attempt at development of a container with sealing construction of the lining is described in file EP 0300931 Al, F 17 C1/16, which describes a high-pressure vessel with body frame produces of composite material, mouth flange inbuilt in its production, with axial bore and bolt with thread at the output, located in this bore across its whole length pushed close to the bolt with thread of the sleeve of the inner hermetic lining, and installed in the sleeve coaxially to the bore of the mouth, a centrally located sleeve with closing fittings, which pushes the lining sleeve to the inner lining of the axial bore of the mouth, and is connected on the thread with the bolt with thread. Similar solutions are described in files WO 99/27293, W099/13263 a US 4925044.

However, at high pressures in the liquid medium, which fills the cavity of the container body, it is not possible to secure reliable leak tightness of connection of the lining with the output sleeve, especially at the places of its contact with the internal surface of the mouth bore and with the outer surface of the neck, mainly for the above-mentioned reasons.

The solution pursuant to patent RU 2150634 attempted to eliminate the above- mentioned drawbacks, and this attempt consisted in creation of a more reliable device for hermetic sealing of the inner lining sleeve in the container mouth at a much higher periodicity of the high-pressure strains.

This task can be solved using the suggested device for hermetic sealing of the inner lining sleeve in the mouth of a high-pressure vessel with the frame consisting of composite material, furnished with inside hermetic lining with a sleeve, which contains a mouth with axial bore embedded in the body frame. It is also furnished with a lining sleeve located across this bore, and a beck with closing fittings, located inside the sleeve coaxially to the mouth bore. According to the invention, a circular cavity is created between the lining sleeve and the neck, with a sealing located in the cavity, compressed in the axial direction by the pressure of the liquid medium. The pressure in the cavity of the container body frame acts radially outwards on the inner surface of the lining sleeve in the mouth bore.

In the method of invention realization, which is preferred, according to the patent RU 2150634, the end of the neck is directed to the cavity of the body frame, and its flange

protrudes outside, and mouth on its free end protruding from the container frame-leading inside and a flange adjoining to the neck surface, while both flanges serve for closing from the front of the circular cavity, where a sealing is located.

In this way, it is possible to conclude from the suggested solution according to the patent RU 2150634 that in construction of the device according to the invention, the sealing in the circular chamber is continuously exposed to axial strains from the side, which is under the pressure of the liquid mixtures of the neck flange, and due to the content malleability of its material, it exerts continuous radically pinched-out force on the lining sleeve, and pushes it firmly to the internal surface of the mouth axial bore, and thus secures its reliable sealing.

However, neither in this case is the task of securing of reliable hermetic sealing of the lining and neck completely solvable due to the fact that the general drawback of this construction solution and also of other previously known solutions is the fact that amorphous thermoplastics, for example polyethylene, are used as the lining material, and these materials have viscoelastic deformation, low coefficients of gas permeability virtually for all technical gases, and they dispose of the main drawback at all high pressures-loss of resistance upon decompression, i. e. caisson disease.

The principal task of the invention consists in development of a more reliable solution of construction of a container with composite body, which would contain a hermetic lining, which would be serviceable with higher periodicity of high-pressure strain, and would also accept external dynamic influences.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The above-mentioned drawbacks are largely eliminated by a container for storage of liquefied and compressed fluids, containing a body with frame of semitransparent composite material, which enlaces a transparent hermetic thin-walled thermoplastic lining with a neck located in the mouth of continuous axial bore of the body and a protective cover, which consists of a central cylindrical section with observation windows, upper

cover and a base with a number of profile lengthwise and circular elastic ribs, according to this invention. Its substance is the fact that the body is located in a cover with clearance above the base and under the top cover in a spatial cage, consisting of individual elastic packaging segments, enlacing the body in its lower and upper part, while individual elastic packaging segments are connected with each other at one their end by a fixed protective ring with a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the body fixed connected with the middle cylindrical section of the protective cover, and on their other free end they are connected by at least one protective ring with a diameter smaller than the body diameter.

Free ends of individual elastic packaging segments are ideally furnished with at least one corrugation for placing of the protective ring. In the advantageous variant, the protective ring is made of a composite material corresponding to the material of the body.

The elastic packaging segments may be furnished with meridian ribs for contact with the body at the place of the curves forming its bottom surfaces, while it is expedient, if the packaging segments form one unit with the middle cylindrical section of the cover. In the section from the middle cylindrical section of the cover to the protective ring, the meridian curvature cuts of the elastic packaging segments may have different curvature than the curvature of the bottom surface of the body.

The elastic packaging segments are advantageously connected with each other in several circular cuts using protective inserts with mutually different tensile strength.

In the advantageous variant, the hermetic lining of the body consists of a crystalline thermoplastic with grading on the walls in the amount of 3 to 5 percent by weight, and with frost line measured using differential scanning calorimetry with rate of heating 10 °C/min., in the range of 100 to 280 °C, and with standard viscosity measured in a mixture of phenol and 1,2 dichlorobenzene in the ratio 50: 50, in the range 75 to 85, in dichloride dichloroacetic acid-in the range 800 to 1800. The crystalline thermoplastic of the lining is chosen from a group, which contains polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, cyclopheline polymers and cyclopheline copolymers, while in the advantageous variant, the material of the lining is polyethyleneterephthalate with the temperature of additional cold crystallization at the intervals of 120 to 160 °C.

Between the lower front of the composite body and the lower outline area of the container, there is ideally a clearance, which is larger than a triple of the width of the middle section wall of the cover.

In accordance with the invention, the container is furnished with at least one spatial segment, or cage, which is produced of individual elastic layered segments. The cage is also located inside the cover with clearance, above the ribbed base of the container and/or under the top cover. This cage also encircles the body frame on some areas of the container bottom, the segments are connected with each other in one circular cross section by a fixed protective ring, and in the other circular cross section they are firmly connected with the middle of the cylindrical section of the cover.

In a possible realization of the invention, the inner profile of the spatial segment in the retaining sections blends with the outer profile of the bottom of the composite frame of the body. In one of the purpose-built variants of this solution, it is assumed that along the meridian cuts, the curvature of the profile segments of the spatial cage in the area from the middle cylindrical section of the cover to the protective ring is smaller than the curvature of the bottom of the container body frame.

In another of the special variants, this solution assumes that along the meridian cuts, the curvature of the profile segments of the spatial cage in the area from the middle cylindrical section of the cover to the protective ring is larger than the curvature of the bottom of the container body frame.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be described in greater detail on a particular example of realization using the enclosed drawings, where fig. 1 diagrammatically shows a sample container in front view and in sectional view. Fig. 2 shows this container in partial sectional view. Fig. 3 shows the bottom detail in sectional view. Fig. 4 to 7 show in detail the cutouts of the bottom with various variants. Fig. 8 and 9 show the variants of realization

of elastic packaging segments of the spatial cage. Fig. 10 shows a variant of the industrial realization of a model construction of the protective cover with spatial cage.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The container for storage of liquefied and compressed fluids contains the body 1 with frame of semitransparent composite material, which enlaces a transparent hermetic thin-walled thermoplastic lining 6 with a neck 7 located in the mouth of continuous axial bore of the body 1 and a protective cover 8. The protective cover 8 consists of a central cylindrical section 81 with observation windows, upper cover 9 and base 10 with a number of profile lengthwise and circular elastic ribs. Body 1 is located in a protective cover 8 with clearance above the base 10 and under the top cover 9 in a spatial cage, consisting of individual elastic packaging segments 11, enlacing the body 1 in its lower and upper part.

Individual elastic packaging segments 11 are connected with each other at one their end by a fixed protective ring 12 with a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the body 1 fixed connected with the middle cylindrical section 81 of the protective cover 8, and on their other free end they are connected by a protective ring 13 with a diameter smaller than the diameter of body 1. Free ends of individual elastic packaging segments 11 are furnished with a corrugation for placing of the protective ring 13. The protective ring 13 is made of a composite material corresponding to the material of the body 1. The elastic packaging segments 11 are furnished with meridian ribs for contact with the body 1 at the place of the curves forming its bottom surfaces. The elastic packaging segments 11 form one unit with the middle cylindrical section 81 of the protective cover 8. The elastic packaging segments 11 are connected with each other in several circular cuts using protective inserts with mutually different tensile strength.

The meridian cuts of curvature of the elastic packaging segments 11 may have in the area from the middle cylindrical section 81 of the protective cover 8 to the protective ring 13 a different curvature than the curvature of the bottom are of the body 1.

The hermetic lining 6 of body 1 consists of a crystalline thermoplastic with grading on the walls in the amount of 3 to 5 percent by weight, and with frost line measured using differential scanning calorimetry with rate of heating 10 °C/min., in the range of 100 to

280 °C, and with standard viscosity measured in a mixture of phenol and 1, 2 dichlorobenzene in the ratio 50: 50, in the range 75 to 85, in dichloride dichloroacetic acid - in the range 800 to 1800. The crystalline thermoplastic of the lining 6 is chosen from a group, which contains polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, cyclopheline polymers and cyclopheline copolymers. In the advantageous variant, the material of the lining 6 is polyethyleneterephthalate with the temperature of additional cold crystallization at the intervals of 120 to 160 °C.

Between the lower front of the composite body 1 and the lower outline area of the container, there is a clearance, which is larger than a triple of the width of wall of the middle section 81 of the cover.

In the solution according to the invention, it starts with the balance of energy of the system with the assumption of absence of deformation of the composite container: K-Wl-W2-W3 =0 (1) where: K = mgh-portion of the kinetic energy of fall of the container; <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> W1 = 1/2#(B11#12 + 2B12#1#2 + B22#22)d# - energy consumed for deformation of<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> # compression of the cylindrical part of the cover base; <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> W2 = 1/2#(D11#12 + 2D12#1#2 + D22#22)d# - energy consumed for deformation of<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> # the bend of the cover base; W3 = 1/2#(B11#12 + 2B12#1#2 + B22#22)d# - energy consumed for deformation of Q expansion of the spatial cage, here n-volume of the assessed element.

Analysis of the task with reaction to the shock upon impact on the floor of the assess container construction shows that by introduction of the cage, it is possible to substantially change the condition of the occurring contact deformations and forces, and thus increase the serviceability of the construction or reduce its weight, i. e. production costs. While based

on the suggested construction solutions of its realization, where the total energy of deformation W3 is a part of it, it can be change in wide limits.

In analysis of the basic characteristics of some most frequently used thermoplastics listed in table no. 1, it can be stated that if we start on the requirements of gas permeability and resistance, which is provided by the lining, it is most advantageous, according to the physical and deformational characteristics, as well as according to the gas permeability, to use polyethyleneterephthalate for the lining, belonging to the group of crystalline thermoplastics. Destruction Oxygen, Relative Vapour l Relative Vapour Name of State of tensile permeability stretch in permeability Melting point C polymers matter strength 2 cm'/ (m2*atm) rupture % g/m MPa per 24 hours PENTamorphous 917SCO15-206500-8500"102-105 I PEVP amorphous 17-35 300 5 1600-2000 125-137 PP amorphous 41 300 IO-20 370 160-176 PVC, non-plastic amorphous 45-55 120 30-40 150-350 150-220 . 4r. 1 PVDCamorphous 48-13720-40 t1. 5-5. 0' 825220 F--l amorphous 20 70-150 4500-6000 I PA amorphous 69-97 ! 250-400. 40-80 500 225 | PETamorphous 150-180 70-11025-3040-50250-260 PE crystalline 190-260. 20-30 2. 5-15 2-20 250-260 amorphous 77-93 IF 4500 ACamorphous 49-8315-45100-3202000-3000 t ! 5-15, F 670 F- Cellalose hydrate amorphous 48-110 15-2S 5-15 670

PENP-low density polyethylene, PEVP-high density polyethylene, PP-polypropylene, PVC-polyvinyl chloride, PVDC-polyvinyl carbazole, OPS-directional polystyrene, PA-polyamide, PET- polyethyleneterephthalate, PK-polycarbonate, AC-cellulose acetate

In design of the container, the admissible quantity of the leaking gas is determined during a certain period of usage. For example EN 12245 requirement-0.25 cm/litre per hour.

The width of the wall of its bottom and cylindrical part can be determined subject to the condition: 8 > k * P* S* t/AV where AV-gas leakage volume k-coefficient of gas permeability through the used material P-operating gas pressure in the container S-area of the surface, through which the gas leaks t-operation time of the container with gas 5-width of the wall of container lining The mean comparative characteristics of various thermoplastics listed in the table imply that to secure the requirements stipulated by various standards (for example EN 12245 or NGV-4) based on gas permeability, the width of walls of the bottom and the central section of the lining from crystalline thermoplastic is determined in the range of 0. 001 to 0. 01 multiple of the maximum diameter of the lining, and is considerably smaller than the width of walls of the other types of thermoplastics-for example, it is 100 times smaller in case of polyethylene. For the reason of small width of the lining walls and the low gas permeability in case of use of crystalline thermoplastic, loss of thermoplastic resistance in decompression of the lining is excluded. Crystallization of the thermoplastic on the bottoms and on the cylindrical part of the lining in the range of 5 to 15 weight particles at crystallization temperature in the range 100 to 280 °C, which is measured using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at the rate of heating 10 C/min, allows to substantially reduce the gas permeability of the lining walls, while preserving its deformation characteristics.

According to fig. 1 in one of the model realizations, the high-pressure vessel contains the frame of body 1, which consists of a composite material in form of a multi- layer skeleton, the layers of which are created by cross winding of one-way threads of

glass of carbon fibres with impregnation of polymer binder. In the process of production of this frame of body I, coaxially located bottom flanges with a mouth for connection of the cavity of the frame of body 1 with the surrounding space are wound in it. The inside of the body 1 frame of the container is furnished with hermetic lining 6, which is produced of crystalline thermoplastic.

In one of the variants of realization of the construction of the pumping mouth according to the invention, the lining 6, covering the inside of body 1 frame, has a sleeve 7 located across the axial bore of the mouth, and attached to its inner surface. Inside the sleeve 7, coaxially to this sleeve 7 and to the mouth, there is centrally located neck bearing at its end, directed to the cavity of the frame of body 1 of the container, a protruding flange, which is attached by its circular surface to the inner surface of sleeve 7 of lining 6, while the diameter of the flange equals to the inner diameter of sleeve 7 of lining 6. Last but not least, the free end of the mouth, protruding from the frame of body 1, contains an inwardly protruding flange, which is adjacent by its circular surface to the outer surface of the neck.

The result of this is the fact that between the sleeve 7 of lining 6 and the neck, a circular concentrically located cavity is created, which is frontally closed by the flange of the neck and flange of the mouth. Inside the cavity, when its whole content is filled, there is a sealing, which is compressed in axial direction in case of axial movement of the neck to its flange by extrusion of the liquid medium in the cavity of the frame of body 1, and at the same time it acts radially in the outward direction on the inner surface of the sleeve 7 of lining 6, which is pushed by force to the inner surface of the axial bore of the mouth.

At high pressures in the cavity of frame of the body 1, a pressure, which is 3 to 5 times higher than the pressure in the cavity, occurs in the circular cavity.

This implies that at the place of contact of the sealing with the sleeve 7, an increased hardness of the thermoplastic and its low creep is necessary. This solved by crystallization of the lining sleeve. Thermoplastic crystallization in the range 75 to 99 weight particles at the place of the pumping neck allows increasing the thermoplastic hardness on the respective place, and to substantially, i. e. several times reduce the

characteristics of long-term creep of the crystalline thermoplastic. This also causes an increase of the operating characteristics of the connection node. The molecular weight of the used polymer generally characterizes the limiting number if polymer viscosity. In practice, the check of molecular weight is performed by calculation according to the stipulated internal viscosity, which is understood to be the actual increase of the solvent viscosity upon mixing with a certain quantity of the polymer under certain conditions on the divided concentration of the solution in g/ml. The viscosity limiting number T is determined according to the following method (DIN 53728 (GOST 18249)).

The polymer is solved in a solvent, for example in the mixture of phenol and 1,2 dichlorobenzene at the ratio 50: 50. Concentration C of polymer solution 0.005 g/ml. The dissolution is performed at the temperature of 135 to 140 °C for a certain period. For the given solvent it is 15 minutes.

1. Measure the viscosity of the solvent and the solution.

2. Determine the relative viscosity of the solution (x).

3. The viscosity limiting number P is determined based on the formula : n =025 (x-1+3 Inx)/C x-measured relative viscosity of the solution C-solution concentration The following substances are used as solvents: Name of solvent Recommended dissolution Recommended temperature, C dissolution period, min. Phenol-1,2-dichlorobenzene 135-140 15 phenol-1. 1.2. 2-tetrachloroethane 135-140 15 50: 50 phenol-1. 1. 2. 2- tetrachloroethane 135-140 15 40: 60 o-chlorophenol 135-140 15 dichloride dichloroacetic acid 62-67 60

To achieve the above-mentioned characteristics of the crystalline thermoplastics, it is most effective to use thermoplastics with standard viscosity, measured in a mixture of phenol and 1,2 dichlorobenzene, at the ratio 50 : 50, in the range 75 to 85, or in dichloride dichloroacetic acid, in the range 800 to 1800.

Within the overall availability, most frequent use amount the known thermoplastics and well-adjusted processing technologies, one of the purpose-built variants of realization of the lining construction is use of polyethyleneterephthalate with the temperature of additional cold crystallization in the range of 120 to 160 °C, instead of crystalline thermoplastic.

The principle of operation of the high-pressure vessel consists in its filling with liquid substance-fluid or gas, up to the required pressure level, required storage, transport, emptying, subsequent refilling, consumption of liquid substance and so on. In continuously repeating activities and operations with multiple cyclic loading.

The function of the device according to the invention has been described in individual variants of construction realization and does not require a special explanation.

In creation of the suggested construction, the possibility of use of a high-pressure vessel of composite material and with hermetic lining proved to be practicable. The production and testing of high-pressure vessels with the suggested lining for their hermetic sealing have confirmed their high reliability and effect.

The invention is not limited to the above-described methods of realization, used only to illustrate the invention, and may include changes in realizations within the patent claims.

The body 1 located in the protective cover 8 with elastic spatial cages 3, 4, is be caught by these spatial cages, and hangs inside the space of the protective cover 8.

In case the bottle falls down, the body 1, which hangs inside the protective cover 8 on spatial cages, tries to move in the direction of the movement and thus, resting on the

protective ring 13, initiates operation of the spatial cage by the way of its expansion. The spatial cage, together with the elements of the protective cover 8, absorbs the energy of the fall of the bottle, while it does not cause any local damages in the composite body 1. The internal strain, which passes to body 1 during the fall, has the shape of pressure distributed across the whole surface of the body, and thus considerably simplifies its work and does not lead to local damages, unlike the existing constructive solutions. The value of the contact pressure generated during the process depends on the parameters of the material of the spatial cage, or on the spatial cage elements, diameter of the protective ring 13, the constructional variant and the hardness of the elements of protective cover 8.

The experimental tests performed on bottles of 5,12, 27 litres, produced according to this solution, have shown that in case of tenfold fall of these bottles, virtually no reduction of their firmness occurs, and their functional serviceability does not disappear, which fact allows their certification for compliance with the European standards (e. g. EN 12245).

INDUSTRIAL UTILIZATION The container for storage of liquefied and compressed fluids according to this invention finds its use especially in storage and transport of fluids primarily in the area of transport, industry, as well as in recreation.