OR DC BRAKE, AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SUCH A DEVICE

The object of the invention is an electrical device in the form of a motor or a brake with a control system, or a generator - having permanent magnets and using direct current.

The description of the patent No KR101798331 (Bl) shows a brushless DC motor (BLDC motor) with the rotor in which a rotary shaft is placed between the front cover and the rear cover and a coil. Another coil installed on the outer circumference is wound on the coil of the rotor with housing.

The motor contains a number of magnets producing a magnetic field corresponding to the electric field of the coil in each of the groove assemblies formed in the upper part, the lower part and both inner sides of the rotor.

The description of the patent application No JP2017208973 (Al) shows coreless motor, which contains: a rotary shaft, rotary plate attached to a rotary shaft and a cylindrical rotor coil, one end of which is supported on a rotary support. The rotor coil contains: coil winding and apparent winding that is not energized.

The stator windings are coils in each of the above constructions, and only indirectly interact with rotor magnets to produce magnetic fields.

A magnetic film, which enables visual control of the position of the boundary line between the poles of a permanent magnet (interpole line) is known from the Enes catalogue.

The aim of the invention is to improve the efficiency of the motor, generator or brake, having permanent magnets and using direct current.

The object of the invention is a device in the form of a motor or a generator, or a DC brake with permanent magnets having a rotor, rotor axis, permanent magnets and a stator winding. The essence of the invention is that it consists of a rotor, mounted on the axis of the rotor. The pair of poles of the permanent magnet assembly, having poles in an even number are arranged on the rotor edges placed in equal distances from each other, by the same angle to the axis of the rotor. The axis of the rotor belongs to the planes defined by the interpolar lines between the poles of the permanent magnet assembly. Sections of the stationary winding of the stator are arranged in such a way that in the fixed position of the rotor they lie near the interpolar lines and on the planes defined by the interpolar lines of the permanent magnet assembly of the rotor. A sensor is placed close to at least one of the sections of the stationary winding of the stator.

The rotor is preferably shaped as cylindrical or annular.

Beneficially, a permanent magnet assembly consists of permanent magnets placed in such a way that the poles of adjacent permanent magnets are identical.

Alternatively, a permanent magnet assembly is a multipolar magnet.

The axes of the first sections of the stator winding are parallel to the axis of the rotor. In addition, it is recommended that the axes of the second sections of the stator winding are perpendicular to the axis of the rotor.

Alternatively, the magnets in the permanent magnet assembly are cylindrical in shape and the third sections of the stator's winding have the outlines of arcs.

It is desirable that the axes of the stator windings are at equal distances from the magnets in the permanent magnet assembly.

The sensor can be a hall-effect sensor or an inductive sensor. Additionally, an angle position sensor is mounted in the rotor axis.

The essence of the system to control an electrical device in the form of a DC motor or brake with a hall sensor, operation amplifiers, H bridge and voltage regulator is that the sensor in the form of hall effect sensor is placed near at least one of the sections of the stator's stationary winding, which is connected to the first operation amplifier in the non-reversing amplifier configuration and to the second operating amplifier in the reversing amplifier configuration. The operating amplifiers are connected to the H-bridge, which is connected to the stator winding. The H-bridge is connected to the signal fill change regulator, which is connected to the voltage source. Advantage of using the device in the form of a DC motor, generator or brake with permanent magnets, according to the invention is that its construction is simpler to execute and lighter than a classic device of this type and there are no losses of core magnetizing as well as tap locking forces between the stator and the rotor.

An electrical device in the form of a motor, generator or with permanent magnets, according to the invention is that its construction is simpler to execute and lighter than a classic device of this type and there are no losses of core magnetizing as well as locking cogging forces between the stator and the rotor. An electrical device in the form of a motor, generator or brake uses the direct effect of a current-carrying conductor in the field of a permanent magnet. Stator winding is not a coil (no winding inductance) generating a magnetic field. The controller enables starting, correct operation of the motor or brake and regulation of its rotational speed.

The invention is presented in the embodiments in the drawing in which fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a device with an internal cylindrical rotor in the first embodiment together with a block diagram of the motor control system, fig. 2 - perspective view of the device with internal rotor and multipolar magnet in the second embodiment, fig. 3 - perspective view of the device with an internal toroidal rotor in the third embodiment, fig. 4 - perspective view of the device with an external annular rotor in the fourth embodiment, figs. 5 - perspective view of the device with an external annular rotor and a multipolar magnet in the fifth embodiment, fig. 6 - perspective view of the device with an internal rotor and an external annular rotor with a multipolar magnet in the sixth embodiment, fig. 7 - RPM = l(U) characteristic curve of the motor without load, fig. 8. - RPM = f(U) characteristic curve of the generator with lkQ load resistor.

The electrical device in the form of a DC motor with control system in the first embodiment shown in fig. 1 of the drawing consisted of a rotor la in the shape of an 80 mm diameter cylinder made of filament, mounted on the steel axis of the rotor 2. Six neodymium magnets MPtl5xl5xl5/N42 were placed in the permanent magnet assembly 3a on the edges of rotor la. They were arranged in equal distances from each other, at an equal angle of 60° to the axis of rotor 2 so that the poles of the adjacent magnets were identical and the axis of rotor 2 belonged to the planes defined by the inter-polar lines 4 between the poles of the magnets. The stationary winding of the stator 5 consisting of fifty copper winding wires connected in series - DN2E with a diameter of 0,75 mm and a total resistance of R = 1,1 W was outside the rotor la. The winding of the stator 5 had the first sections 5a, whose axes were parallel to the axis of the rotor 2 and the second sections 5b, whose axes were perpendicular to the axis of the rotor 2. The sections 5a, 5b of the stationary winding of the stator 5 were arranged in such a way that in the fixed position of the rotor la they lay on the planes defined by the interpolar lines 4 in the permanent magnet assembly 3a of the rotor la. The axes of 5a and 5b sections of the stator 5 windings were at equal distances of 6 mm from the magnets. The linear hall sensor 6 - AH3503, connected to the control system, which changed the direction of current flow through the stator 5 winding, was near the section 5a of the stationary winding of the stator 5. The hall sensor 6 was connected to the first operating amplifier 8a - LM358 in the non-reversing amplifier configuration and to the second operating amplifier 8b - LM358 in the reversing amplifier configuration. The 8a, 8b operating amplifiers were connected to bridge H 9 - module IBT_2, which was connected to the ends 7 of the windings of the stator 5. The bridge H 9 was connected to the signal fill change regulator 10 - AVT735, which was connected to voltage source 11 - by a gel battery 12V^ Ah.

The device in the form of a DC motor in the second embodiment, depicted in fig. 2 consisted of the rotor la in the shape of an 30 mm diameter cylinder made of filament, mounted on the steel axis of the rotor 2. The assembly of permanent magnets 3b - an annular multipolar magnet with six poles - was placed on the edges of the rotor la. They were arranged in such a way that the axis of rotor 2 belonged to the planes defined by the interpolar lines 4 between the poles of the magnet. The stationary winding of the stator 5 consisting of fifty copper winding wires connected in series - DN2E with the diameter of 0.75 mm and total resistance of R = 1.1 W were outside the rotor la. The winding of the stator 5 had the first sections 5a, whose axes were parallel to the axis of rotor 2 and the second sections 5b, whose axes were perpendicular to the axis of rotor 2. Sections 5a, 5b of the stationary stator 5 winding were arranged in such a way that in the fixed position of the rotor la they laid on the planes defined by the interpolar lines 4 of the permanent magnet 3 of the rotor la. The axes of 5a and 5b sections of the stator 5 windings laid at equal distances of 3 mm from the magnet. The linear hall sensor 6 - AH3503, connected to the control system, which changed the direction of current flow through the stator 5 winding, was near the section 5a of the stationary winding of the stator 5.

The device in the form of a DC motor in the third embodiment , shown in fig. 4 of the drawing, consisted of a rotor la in the shape of a filled torus having 100 mm diameter, made of a filament, attached to the steel axis of the rotor 2. Eight neodymium magnets MW20x5/N38 in the shape of cylinders were placed in a assembly of permanent magnets 3a in the notches at the edges of the rotor la. They were placed at equal distances from each other, at an equal angle of 45° to the axis of the rotor 2, in such a way that the poles of adjacent magnets were identical and the axis of the rotor 2 belonged to the planes defined by the interpolar lines 4 between the poles of magnets. The stationary stator 5 winding consisting of fifty copper winding wires connected in series - DN2E with the diameter of 0.75 mm and a total resistance of R = 1,5 W was situated outside the rotor la . The winding of the stator 5 had third sections of 5c in the form of arcs, which were arranged coaxially with the axes of magnets. The 5c sections of the stationary winding of the stator 5 were arranged in such a way that in the fixed position of rotor la they laid on the planes defined by the interpolar lines 4 of the magnets of the rotor la. The axes of sections 5c of the winding of the stator 5 laid at equal distances of 5 mm from the magnets. The linear hall sensor 6 - AH3503, connected to the control system, which changed the direction of current flow through the stator 5 winding, was near the section 5c of the stationary winding of the stator 5.

Electrical device in the form of a DC motor with external rotor in the fourth embodiment shown in fig. 4 of the drawing was composed of the rotor lb with the annular shape and internal diameter of 96 mm, external diameter of 130 mm and height of 18 mm, made from filament. The rotor lb had a blank cover on one side, in the axis of which the steel axis of the rotor 2 was mounted. Six neodymium magnets MPtl5xl5xl5/N42 were installed in the permanent magnet assembly 3c. They were placed at equal distances from each other, at an equal angle of 60° to the axis of the rotor 2, in such a way that the poles of adjacent magnets were identical and the axis of the rotor 2 belonged to the planes defined by the interpolar lines 4 between the poles of magnets. The stationary winding of the stator 5, consisting of fifty copper winding wires connected in series - DN2E with the diameter of 0.5 mm and total resistance of R = 3.6 W, was inside the rotor lb. The winding of the stator 5 had the first sections 5a, whose axes were parallel to the axis of rotor 2 and the second sections 5b, whose axes were perpendicular to the axis of the rotor 2. The sections 5a and 5b of the stationary winding of the stator 5 were arranged in such a way that in the fixed position of the rotor lb they laid on the planes defined by the interpolar lines 4 in the permanent magnet assembly 3c of the rotor lb The axes of 5a and 5b sections of the stator 5 windings were at equal distances of 3.5 mm from the magnets. The linear hall sensor 6 - AH3503, connected to the control system, which changed the direction of current flow through the stator 5 winding, was near the section 5a of the stationary winding of the stator 5.

The device in the form of a DC motor in the fifth embodiment, depicted in fig. 5 consisted of a annular-shaped rotor lb with the internal diameter of 116 mm, external diameter of 130 mm and height of 18 mm, made of a filament. The rotor lb had a blank cover on one side, in the axis of which the steel axis of the rotor 2 was mounted. The annular multipolar magnet with the internal diameter of 96 mm, external diameter of 116 mm and height of 18 mm, having six poles was placed inside the rotor 1 in the permanent magnet assembly 3d. They were arranged in such a way that the axis of rotor 2 belonged to the planes defined by the interpolar lines 4 between the poles of the magnet.. The stationary winding of the stator 5 consisting of fifty copper winding wires connected in series - DN2E with the diameter of 0,5 mm and total resistance of R = 3,6 W was outside the rotor lb. The winding of the stator 5 had the first sections 5a, whose axes were parallel to the axis of rotor 2 and the second sections 5b, whose axes were perpendicular to the axis of rotor 2. The 5a, 5b sections of the stationary stator 5 winding were arranged in such a way that in the fixed position of the rotor lb they laid on the planes defined by the interpolar lines 4 in the permanent magnet assembly 3d of the rotor lb . The axes of 5a and 5b sections of the stationary windings of the stator 5 were at equal distances of 3.5 mm from the magnets. The linear hall sensor 6 - AH3503, connected to the control system, which changed the direction of current flow through the stator 5 winding, was near the section 5a of the stationary winding of the stator 5. An angle position sensor 12 was mounted on axis 2 of the rotor lb.

The electrical device in the form of a two-rotor DC motor in the sixth embodiment shown in fig. 6 of the drawing consisted of an internal rotor la in the shape of an 80 mm diameter cylinder made of filament, mounted on the steel axis of the rotor 2.

Six neodymium magnets MPtl5xl5xl5/N42 were placed in the permanent magnet assembly 3a on the edges of the rotor la. They were arranges in an equal distances from each other, at the equal angle of 60° to the axis of the rotor 2 so that the poles of the adjacent magnets were identical and the axis of the rotor 2 belonged to the planes defined by the inter-polar lines 4 between the poles of the magnets. The stationary winding of the stator 5 consisting of fifty copper winding wires connected in series - DN2E with the diameter of 0.5 mm and total resistance of R = 7.6 W were outside the rotor la. The stator 5 winding had 5a sections which axes were arranged parallel to the axis of the rotor 2 and in a fixed position of the rotor la they laid on the planes defined by the interpolar lines 4 in the permanent magnet assembly 3a of the rotor la. The axes of 5a sections of the stator 5 windings were at equal distances of 3.5 mm from the magnets of the first rotor la. The linear hall sensor 6 - AH3503, connected to the control system, which changed the direction of current flow through the stator 5 winding, was near the section 5a of the stationary winding of the stator 5. Another external rotor lb in the annular shape with the internal diameter of 190 mm, external diameter of 210 mm and height of 18 mm, made of filament, was on the outside of the winding of the stator 5, coaxially to the rotor la.

The ring was blinded on one side and the blind had a hole in the middle with a bearing fixed to the blind, which was rotatably installed on the steel axis of rotor 2. The annular multipolar magnet with the internal diameter of 180 mm, external diameter of 190 mm and height of 18 mm, with six poles, was placed inside the rotor lb in the permanent magnet assembly 3d.

The windings of the stator 5 had additional sections 5d, which axes were arranged paralell to the axis of the rotor 2a and in the fixed position of the rotor lb they laid on the planes defined by the interpolar lines 4 in the permanent magnet assembly 3d of the rotor lb. The axes of 5d sections of the stator 5 windings were at equal distances of 3.5 mm from the magnets of the second rotor lb. They were arranged so that the axis of rotor 2 belonged to the planes defined by the interpolar lines 4 between the poles of the multipolar magnet of the rotor lb.

The operation of a DC motor with permanent magnets is based on the fact that the current flowing through the stationary winding of the stator 5 directly interacts with the assembly of the permanent magnets 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d of the rotor la, lb, causing the force to shift the assembly of permanent magnets 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d in the rotor la, lb in relation to the windings of the stator 5, which causes the rotor la, lb to rotate. The electronic commutator with sensor 6 changes the direction of current flowing through the stator 5 winding depending on the pole of the permanent magnet assembly 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d detected by the sensor 6 in the rotor la, lb. Tests were carried out with the use of the motor, without motor load, in which an electronic commutator was connected to the ends 7 of the stationary windings of the stator 5, which by means of signals obtained from the sensor 6 switched the current direction between the ends 7 of the windings. The electronic commutator was powered from a regulated voltage stabilized power supply and the motor speed was recorded by means of an optical rotary speed meter. The read data are shown in fig. 7 of the drawing.

The operation of a DC generator with permanent magnets consists in that the la, lb rotor set in rotary motion, through the assembly of permanent magnets 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d mounted on it, directly interacts with a stationary winding of the stator 5, causing a flow of current in the winding of the stator 5, changing the direction depending on the order of magnetic pole changes on the interpolar line 4. The Graetz bridge attached by means of rectifying diodes to the ends 7 of the winding directs the current in such a way that it has one direction at the bridge output, and an electrolytic capacitor connected in parallel equalizes the output potential reducing ripple.

The tests with a loading resistor were carried out with the use of a generator, during which the rectifier diodes in the Graetz bridge system were connected to the terminals 7 of the stationary windings of the stator 5 and the 1000pF/35V electrolytic capacitor and 1 kQ loading resistor were connected in parallel to the polarized outputs. The DC voltage at the Graetz bridge output was measured with a digital multimeter and the rotary speed of the generator was recorded with an optical rotary speed meter. The read data are shown in fig. 8 of the drawing.

The operation of the DC brake with permanent magnets consists in that the rotor la, lb, externally set into rotational motion, by changing the order of poles in the permanent magnet assembly 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d forces the change of signals on the sensor 6 - connected to an electronic commutator - mounted on the stationary windings of the stator 5. The current flowing from the commutator through the stationary windings of the stator 5 directly interacts with the permanent magnet assembly 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d of the rotor la, lb, causing the force acting on the poles in the rotor la, lb in relation to the winding of the stator 5, which results in a braking force of rotor la, lb.

List of symbols la, lb - rotor

2 - rotor axis 3a - first assembly of permanent magnets

3b - second assembly of permanent magnets

3c - third assembly of permanent magnets 3d - fourth assembly of permanent magnets 4 - interpole line

5 - stator winding 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d - stator winding section

6 - sensor

7 - winding end

8a - first operating amplifier

8b - second operating amplifier

9 - H -bridge

10 - signal filling change regulator

11 - voltage source

12 - angular position sensor