ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR DISCHARGING OVERVOLTAGES The present invention refers to an electronic device for discharging overvoltages. Surge arresters are devices that allow the equipment to be safeguarded from overvoltages and are characterized in that their use makes it possible to secure the electrical system from critical issues such as voltage surges and peaks that may come from the operator, or from atmospheric phenomena such as lightning, causing serious damage to the devices connected to the sockets, and can also be inserted into an existing system. Multiple devices for discharging overvoltages are known in the art, of the switching or trigger type, of the combined type, non-resettable, disposable, passive and without intelligence. For example, document DE202018006385 describes a surge protection device having input terminals, output terminals and at least two surge protection elements to form multi-level protection levels, or the document DE102017218582 which describes a device with at least two protection element s overvoltage protection in parallel current branches , in which a first force accumulator is associated with the first overvoltage protection element and a second force accumulator is associated with the second overvoltage protection element so that in case of heating of an element the electrical connection is interrupted beyond the overvoltage point , and also the document DE4124321 which describes a device inherent in an overload protection circuit with a pair of parallel varistors (VI , V2 ) connected between the active phase and ground in parallel , in which if the varistor coupled the fuse switch overheat s and the second varistor is switched to maintain the conductive path to earth, and an optical and/or acoustic indicator warns the operator that it is neces sary to replace the first varistor .

The main disadvantage of existing approaches is the use of non-resettable devices following a non-reusable detachment intervention, in which it is not pos sible to have an indication of the system status on display or remotely, and in some cases provided only an optical and/or acoustic indicator for signaling an anomaly. Furthermore, the known art is focused on non-modular surge arresters models, ie without the possibility of being able to scale the varistors in order to adapt to the required smoothing voltage. Object of the present invention is solving the aforementioned prior art problems by means of an innovative and intelligent electronic device for the discharge of overvoltages, which can be modulated according to the needs of the line and can be reused, capable of providing an indication of the status by means of an integrated, resettable display. following a disconnection intervention, it is able to monitor the status of the main electrical quantities with the possibility of remote viewing and management using Wi-Fi technology. Another object of the present invention is the possibility of having a protection of electrical and electronic systems and equipment against continuous, transient and impulsive overvoltages, and also the management of statistical data relating to overvoltages with their geo- localization. The aforesaid and other objects and advantages of the invention, as will emerge from the following description, are achieved with an electronic device for the overvoltage discharge such as that described in claim 1. Preferred embodiments and non-trivial variations of the present invention form the subject of dependent claims.

It is understood that all attached claims form an integral part of the present description.

It will be immediately obvious that innumerable variations and modifications (for example relating to shape, dimensions, arrangements and parts with equivalent functionality) can be made to what is described without departing from the scope of the invention as appears from the attached claims.

The present invention will be better described by some preferred embodiments, provided by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

- FIG. 1 shows the overall diagram of the electronic device for overvoltage discharge (100) composed of functional blocks according to the present invention;

- FIG. 2 shows the internal structure of the output stage (2) consisting of the parallel of some varistors with a predetermined voltage and of different types;

- FIG. 3 shows the internal structure of the input stage (1) consisting of a resistive divider;

- FIG. 4 shows a view of a possible configuration that allows connection to a standard DIN rail and therefore easy to integrate into existing electrical panels.

The electronic device for overvoltage discharge (100) is based on a suitably designed and sized electronic power board and includes an electronic input stage (1) designed to take the input voltage necessary for monitoring and generating the necessary voltage to the collection and monitoring circuit of line voltages and currents (3) , an electronic output stage (2) designed for the protection of the load from overvoltage and the reabsorption of its energy and for monitoring the output voltage, and a collection and monitoring circuit for line voltages and currents (3) designed to monitor the input and output voltages and the galvanic isolation with respect to the input/output voltages .

Advantageously, the electronic input stage (1) , connected to the line (L) , neutral (N) and earth (PE) terminal, has the phase (L) and neutral (N) lines connected to a protection with fuses (4) with the function of protecting the equipment connected therein from any continuous, transient and impulsive overvoltages. The impulse overvoltage between the line terminal (L) and neutral (N) , if of short duration, passing along the connections established by the double-sided printed circuit and the protection elements in series, is applied both on the output circuit (Out) and on users.

Furthermore, the current flowing through the protection elements with fuses (4) is sized according to the rated capacity of the device.

The electronic device for overvoltage discharge (100) is equipped with a circuit for collecting and monitoring the line voltages and currents (3) which sends the signals of the line voltages and currents for information processing and device management to the microcontroller / microprocessor (5) to which it is connected.

Furthermore, the microcontroller / microprocessor (5) is equipped with a remote connection system (6) using Wi-Fi technology, connected to a server (7) to ensure data management from the remote terminal (8) in order to view the quantities measured in real time, and said microcontroller/microprocessor (5) is provided with a display (9) to ensure an immediate display of the parameters by the end user.

In particular, the microcontroller / microprocessor (5) is designed to monitor the line voltage, the line current and the system status, i.e. operational, fault, fault Fuse 1, fault Fuse 2.

Advantageously, the electronic output stage (2) consists of the parallel of a set of varistors of different types, connected to the output between the line (L) and the neutral (N) of said varistors (10) , between the line (L) and the earth

(PE) of said varistors (11) and between the neutral (N) and earth (PE) of said varistors (12) , numerically sized according to the capacity of the protection elements with fuses (4) . Furthermore, if the voltage across the line (L) and neutral (N) ) or between the line (L) and earth (PE) or between neutral (N) and earth (PE) of the output electronic stage (2) exceeds the smoothing voltage imposed by the varistors in parallel, the excess voltage is dissipated in the protection elements and depends on the number of varistors and their type .

In particular, the layout of figure 2 which houses the various varistors allows effective reclosing of the discharge currents, as well as adequate galvanic isolation between the input and output section, which is essential for breaking the arc in the event of overvoltage and tripping of the device electronic for overvoltage discharge .

Advantageously, the high overvoltage per peak and/or duration not dissipated by the varistors (10, 11 and 12) of the electronic output stage (2) is dispersed by opening a pair of switches (14) connected between the input (1) and output (2) and in parallel with the protection elements with fuses (4) , thus preventing the overvoltage from spreading to the users. After the intervention with disconnection, to restore the power supply to the users, the switches can be switched on remotely (14) . This operation is intended as temporary, since the device requires the replacement of the fuses.

In particular, moreover, the electronic input stage (1) is designed by means of a resistive divider consisting of high voltage resistors ( 13 ) through which the voltage to be sent to the collection and monitoring circuit of the voltages and current s is attenuated , line ( 3 ) and also the one needed to power the microcontroller / microproces sor ( 5 ) .

The operation of the invention is optimized by the presence of the printed circuit which provides both the channeling of the current s and the galvanic isolation of the load, thanks to it s geometry developed on a double side .

The main features of the invention are summarized in table 1 :

The electronic device for overvoltage discharge ( 100 ) can be installed inside a DIN rail container and therefore can be fully integrated with any electrical panel , reusable and able to manage, through the microcontroller / microprocessor, the data both functionally (electronic by-pass, remote connection, data monitoring) , and statistically (energy consumption in the various time bands, instant, daily, average consumption, etc. ) .

The processing of the voltage and current allows the calculation of the active and reactive power that passes through the system, with the possibility for the user to check the energy absorption and any overloads of the network; any shortages of electricity by the supplier are also monitored. In the event of intervention of the protection elements with fuses (4) , the user is promptly notified by means of his own application and can provide for the temporary remote hooking up of the electronic device for the overvoltage discharge, enabling the switches (14) in order to supply power supply to the loads. This restoration is to be considered temporary, since by keeping the system in this condition, the protection object of the invention is not enabled. Thanks to the presence of a buffer battery, the system can operate for several hours even in the absence of power from the mains, ensuring communication with the remote user.

Another possible configuration of the electronic device for overvoltage discharge (100) is of the portable type by placing it outside the electrical panel, inside a container with IP65 protection for quick installation even in environments with environmental conditions. unfavorable .