GRINDING MACHINE WITH METERING AUGER

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to United States provisional application Serial No.

62/393,170, filed on September 12, 2016, the contents of which is incorporated herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] This disclosure relates to a grinding machine for foodstuffs such as meat, and more particularly to a recovery system for an orifice plate-type grinding machine that includes a hard material collection arrangement with a ring-based adjustment mechanism.

[0003] A typical grinding machine includes a hopper that receives material to be ground and an advancement mechanism such as a rotatable auger that conveys the material away from the hopper toward a grinding head. The grinding head typically includes a discharge opening or outlet within which an orifice plate is positioned. A knife assembly is located between the end of the auger and the orifice plate, and is typically engaged with the auger and rotatable in response to rotation of the auger. The knives of the knife assembly cooperate to shear the material as it is forced through the orifices of the orifice plate.

[0004] Systems have been developed for the purpose of preventing hard material from passing through the orifices of the orifice plate. In a meat grinding application, for example, such systems function to route hard material such as bone, gristle and sinew away from the grinding orifices of the orifice plate. Representative hard material collection systems are shown and described in US patent 7,461,800 issued December 9, 2008; US patent 5,344,086 issued

September 6, 1994; US patent 5,289,979 issued March 1, 1994; and US patent 5,251,829 issued October 12, 1993, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Typically, hard material collection systems of this type route the hard material to collection passages located toward the center of the orifice plate, where the hard material is supplied to a discharge tube or the like.

[0005] The hard material that is discharged through the collection passages is typically contained within a mixture that includes both hard material and soft, usable material. Various arrangements have been developed to recover the soft, usable material within the mixture, some of which are shown and described in the above-noted patents.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] Some embodiments of the present invention provide an improved system for recovering the soft, usable material in the mixture of hard and soft material that is discharged from hard material collection passages in an orifice plate-type grinding machine. Other embodiments of the invention provide such a system that requires little or no adaptation of the grinding components of the grinding machine. In other embodiments of the invention, such a system is capable of adjustment for accommodating different types of material.

[0007] In accordance with embodiments of present invention, a recovery arrangement for a grinding machine is in the form of a separator assembly located downstream of the orifice plate of the grinding machine. The separator assembly includes an upstream inlet that receives the mixture of soft material and hard material from the collection passages of the orifice plate, in combination with a separator chamber having a wall that defines an axially extending tapered separator passage. The separator passage receives the mixture of soft material and hard material from the upstream inlet. The wall of the separator chamber includes a series of perforations that communicate between the separator passage and an outer surface defined by the wall. The separator assembly further includes a separator screw disposed within the separator passage of the separator chamber. The separator screw is interconnected with the rotatable advancement member and is rotatable within the separator passage in response to rotation of the rotatable advancement member. Rotation of the separator screw causes separation of soft material from the mixture of soft material and hard material, and forces the soft material through the perforations in the wall of the separator chamber. The separator chamber defines a downstream end that includes an outlet for discharging hard material.

[0008] The separator assembly may include an open support extending outwardly from the grinding head, and the separator chamber is engaged with and supported by the support at a location downstream of the orifice plate. In one embodiment, a centering pin extends from the rotatable advancement member. The centering pin rotates with the rotatable advancement member and is engaged within a center opening defined by the orifice plate, and the separator screw may be engaged with the centering pin so as to be rotatable with the rotatable advancement member via engagement with the centering pin. Engagement structure is interposed between the centering pin and the separator screw for non-rotatably securing the separator screw to the centering pin. An adjustment arrangement is operable to adjust the axial position of the separator screw within the separator passage, and the engagement structure between the separator screw and the centering pin is configured to accommodate axial movement of the separator screw relative to the centering pin by operation of the adjustment arrangement.

Representatively, the engagement structure may be in the form of a bore in the separator screw within which the centering pin is received, a transverse passage in the centering pin, a slot in the separator screw that overlaps the transverse passage, and a transverse engagement pin that extends through the slot and the transverse passage. With this arrangement, the slot

accommodates axial movement of the separator screw relative to the centering pin.

[0009] In one embodiment, the support and the orifice plate are configured and arranged to prevent axial movement of the separator chamber. The adjustment arrangement may be carried by the support and interconnected with the separator screw for providing axial movement of the separator screw within the separator passage. The adjustment arrangement may be in the form of an axially extending threaded adjustment member that extends through the support and into engagement with a threaded passage extending inwardly from a downstream end defined by the separator screw.

[0010] In another embodiment the grinding machine includes a grinding head defining an opening and a rotatable food-product advancement member contained within the grinding head. An orifice plate is located within the opening of the grinding head, wherein the orifice plate defines an upstream surface and a downstream surface, and includes a plurality of outer grinding openings extending between the upstream surface and the downstream surface for discharging soft material through the orifice plate upon rotation of the rotatable food-product advancement member. One or more collection passages extend between the upstream surface and the downstream surface for discharging a mixture of soft material and hard material through the orifice plate upon rotation of the rotatable food-product advancement member. A separator assembly is located downstream of the orifice plate, wherein the separator assembly includes an upstream inlet that receives the mixture of soft material and hard material from the collection passages, a cylindrical separator chamber having a sidewall that defines a constant diameter separator passage, wherein the separator passage receives the mixture of soft material and hard material from the upstream inlet, and where the sidewall of the separator chamber includes a plurality of apertures, and a separator screw disposed within the separator passage of the separator chamber, where the separator screw has a constant major diameter, and may have a constant or a variable minor diameter along a body portion thereof. In some embodiments, the minor diameter may be constant, while in other embodiments, the minor diameter may be fixed or constant. The separator screw is interconnected with the rotatable food-product advancement member and is rotatable within the separator passage in response to rotation of the rotatable food-product advancement member, wherein rotation of the separator screw causes separation of soft material from the mixture of soft material and hard material, and forces the soft material through the apertures in the sidewall of the separator chamber.

[0011] A metering auger is fixedly coupled to a distal end of the separator screw and has a reduced diameter relative to the separator screw, where the metering auger is configured to advance in a downsteam direction, the hard material of the mixture of soft material and hard material. Also included is a metering cone having an internal conical portion and a metering passageway formed therein. The metering auger is in communication with the metering passageway, where a selected diameter of the metering auger defines an amount (and in some embodiments, the size) of the hard material that is advanced in the downsteam direction through the metering passageway toward a discharge end.

[0012] In another embodiment, a metering auger assembly for a grinding machine having a grinding head in communication with a cylindrical separator chamber, includes a cylindrical separator chamber having a sidewall that defines a constant diameter separator passage, where the sidewall includes a plurality of apertures. The separator chamber has an inlet end and an outlet end, and the inlet end is configured to receive a mixture of soft material and hard material from an upstream portion of the grinding head. A separator screw is disposed within the separator passage of the separator chamber, where the separator screw has a body portion and a distal end. A metering auger is operatively coupled to the distal end of the separator screw and has a reduced diameter relative to the separator screw. The metering auger configured to advance in a downsteam direction, the hard material of the mixture of soft material and hard material. Also included is a metering cone having an internal conical portion and a metering passageway formed therein, where the metering auger is in communication with the metering passageway. A selected diameter of the metering auger determines an amount of the hard material that is advanced in the downsteam direction through the metering passageway toward a discharge end.

[0013] These and other objects, advantages, and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and accompanying drawings, while indicating preferred embodiments of the present invention, are given by way of illustration and not of limitation. Many changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit thereof, and the invention includes all such modifications.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Various exemplary embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein are illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals represent like parts throughout, and in which:

[0015] Fig. 1 is an isometric view of a grinding machine incorporating the separator-type recovery system of the present invention;

[0016] Fig. 2 is an exploded isometric view showing the components of the separator- type recovery system of Fig. 1;

[0017] Fig. 3 is an enlarged partial isometric view showing a portion of the separator- type recovery system of Fig. 1 and engagement of the separator screw with the centering pin of the grinding machine;

[0018] Fig. 4 is a partial section view taken along line 4-4 of the Fig. 3;

[0019] Fig. 5 is a partial section view taken along line 5-5 of Fig. 1;

[0020] Fig. 6 is a section view taken along line 6-6 of Fig 5;

[0021] Fig. 7 is a partial section view taken along line 7-7 of Fig. 6;

[0022] Fig. 8 is a partial section view taken along line 8-8 of Fig. 5; [0023] Fig. 9 is a partial enlarged section view with reference to line 9-9 of Fig. 5, showing a first embodiment of perforations in the wall of a separator chamber incorporated in the separator-type recovery system of Fig 1;

[0024] Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 9, showing an alternate embodiment for the perforations in the wall of the separator chamber; and

[0025] Fig. 11 is a view similar to Figs. 9 and 10 showing another embodiment for the perforations in the wall of the separator chamber;

[0026] Fig. 12 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a grinding

arrangement;

[0027] Figs. 13 A and 13B are perspective views of support bridge and separator chamber for the grinding arrangement of Fig. 12;

[0028] Fig. 14 is an exploded view of the grinding arrangement of Fig. 12;

[0029] Fig. 15 is an exploded view of the ring valve assembly of Fig. 12;

[0030] Figs. 16A-16H show various views of the separation screw for the grinding arrangement of Fig. 12;

[0031] Figs. 17A-17D show various views of the ring valve of Fig. 12;

[0032] Fig. 18A is an exploded assembly view of all components of the grinder of Fig.

12;

[0033] Figs. 18B and 18C are side and end views, respectively, of the grinder of Fig.

18 A;

[0034] Fig. 19 is a cut-away elevational view of an alternate embodiment of the grinding arrangement of Fig. 12;

[0035] Figs. 20A-20G show various views of the separation screw for the grinding arrangement of Fig. 19;

[0036] Figs. 21 A-21F and Fig. 22 show various views of the metering auger for the grinding arrangement of Fig. 19;

[0037] Figs. 23 A-23H show various views of the metering cone for the grinding arrangement of Fig. 19;

[0038] Fig. 24A is an exploded assembly view of all components of the grinding arrangement of Fig. 19; and [0039] Figs. 24B and 24C are side and end views, respectively, of the grinding arrangement of Fig. 24 A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The various features and advantageous details of the subject matter disclosed herein are explained more fully with reference to the non-limiting embodiments described in detail in the following description.

[0041] Embodiments of the present invention is directed to a separator assembly 10 that can be coupled to a discharge or outlet end of a grinding machine, such as grinding machine 12. As generally known in the art, grinding machine 12 has a hopper 14 and a grinding arrangement shown generally at 16. In a manner as is known, grinding arrangement 16 includes a housing or head 18 which includes a mounting ring 20 that secures and orifice plate 32 within an opening or discharge outlet in the downstream end of grinding head 18. With reference to Figs. 2 and 5, grinding machine 12 further includes a rotatable advancement member which may be in the form of a feed auger or screw 26 that is rotatably mounted within head 18 so that, upon rotation of feed screw 26 within head 18, material is advanced from hopper 14 through the interior of head 18. A knife holder 28 is mounted at the end of, and rotates with, feed screw 26. Knife holder 28 has a number of arms 30a-30f and a corresponding number of knife inserts, one corresponding to each of arms 30a-f, and it is understood that any number of arms and corresponding inserts may be employed.

[0042] The knife holder 28 is located adjacent an inner grinding surface of orifice plate

32, which is secured in the open end of head 18 by mounting ring 20. The knife inserts bear against the inner grinding surface of orifice plate 32. In accordance with known construction, the end of head 18 is provided with a series of external threads 38, and mounting ring 20 includes a series of internal threads 40 adapted to engage the external threads 38 of head 18. Mounting ring 20 further includes an opening 42 defining an inner lip 44. While a threaded connection between mounting ring 34 and head 18 is shown, it is understood that mounting ring 34 and head 18 may be secured together in any other satisfactory manner.

[0043] A center pin 52 has its inner end located within a central bore 54 formed in the end of feed screw 26, and the outer end of center pin 52 extends through a central passage 56 formed in a central hub area of knife holder 28 and through the center of a bushing 58. In a manner to be explained, center pin 52 has a construction that is modified from that of a typical center pin, in order to accommodate the components of separator assembly 10. Bushing 58 supports center pin 52, and thereby the outer end of feed screw 26. In a manner to be explained, bushing 58 also functions to support certain components of the separator assembly 10 relative to orifice plate 32. The center pin 52 is non-rotatably secured to feed screw 26, such as by means of recessed keyways (not shown) on center pin 52 that correspond to keys (not shown) on the hub of knife holder 28, although it is understood that any other satisfactory engagement structure may be employed for ensuring that center pin 52 rotates with feed screw 26. Accordingly, rotation of feed screw 26 functions to rotate both center pin 52 and knife assembly 60, consisting of knife holder 28 and the knife inserts supported by the arms 30a-30f of knife holder 28.

Bushing 58 and orifice plate 32 remain stationary, and rotatably support the end of center pin 52.

[0044] As understood in the art, the head 18 is generally tubular and thus includes an axial bore 68 in which feed screw 26 is rotatably mounted. Bore 68 is typically provided with flutes 70 for controlling the flow of material through head 18, i.e. for preventing material from simply rotating with feed screw and for providing a downstream flow path to prevent

backpressure from pushing material back into hopper 14. Also as is known, the dimension of flutes 70 may vary along the flute length to produce different effects. Head 18 may have an increased diameter at its downstream end. Flutes 70 may be primarily located adjacent or along this increased diameter area. Flutes 70 may be dimensioned to move material more efficiently across the transition area between the main body of head 18 and the increased diameter area of head 18.

[0045] Referring to Fig. 6, the orifice plate 32 has an outer section 72 that includes a large number of relatively small grinding openings 74, and an inner section 76 that includes a series of radially spaced collection passages 78. The size of grinding openings 74 varies according to the type of material being ground and the desired end characteristics of the ground material. In accordance with known grinding principles, material within head 18 is forced toward orifice plate 32 by rotation of feed screw 26 and through openings 74, with the knife inserts of rotating knife assembly 60 acting to sever the material against the inner grinding surface of orifice plate 32 prior to the material passing through openings 74. [0046] In some instances, pieces of hard material, such as bone or gristle, which may be too large to pass through grinding openings 74, will be present along with the soft, useable material. These pieces, which are not cut by the action of the knife inserts against plate 32, are pushed toward inner section 76 of plate 32 by the rotating action of knife assembly 60, where the pieces of hard material can be removed from the primary ground material stream through collection passages 78. Collection passages 78 are large relative to grinding openings 74, and may be generally triangular, though it is understood that collection passages 78 may have any configuration as desired. Each of collection passages 78 may be provided with a ramped entryway 80 opening onto the surface of orifice plate 32. Ramped entryways 80 may be provided on both sides of plate 32, which may be double sided so as to extend the lifetime of use of plate 32.

[0047] Inevitably, the hard material that passes through collection passages 78 carries with it a certain amount of usable soft material. This mixture of soft and hard material passes through collection passages 78 of orifice plate 32 to the separator assembly 10, where it can be subjected to a secondary grinding and/or separation process to maximize ground material output. While it is advantageous to have separated as much usable soft material as possible from the hard material before it passes through the orifice plate 32, nevertheless, in most instances, good, usable soft material is carried with the hard material through the collection passages 78. In the past, conventional grinding machines have simply collected the hard material together with the soft material and treated them both as waste. The separator assembly 10 of the present invention, however, is designed to separate the usable soft material from the hard material that passes through the collection passages 78 of the orifice plate 32, deliver the soft material to an appropriate outlet, and pass the hard material to a discharge or collection arrangement.

[0048] Referring to Figs. 2 and 5, the separator assembly 10 includes a separator auger or screw 62 that is secured to, and rotates with, the center pin 52. The separator assembly 10 also includes a separator chamber or tube 64 that defines a separator passage 66 that communicates with a collection tube or receptacle. Separator screw 62 is driven by feed screw 26, and extends through the passage of separator chamber 64 and into and through discharge passage 66. In addition, the separator assembly 10 includes a support 84, which serves to support the outer ends of separator screw 62 and separator chamber 64. [0049] In the illustrated embodiment, the support 84 is in the form of a generally reverse

C-shaped member including a pair of legs 86 that are connected together by an outer bridge section 88. The inner ends of legs 86 are adapted to be secured to the structure of grinding head 18, such as to the outwardly facing annular surface defined by mounting ring 20.

Representatively, the inner ends of legs 86 may be secured to mounting ring 20 by welding, although it is understood that any other satisfactory arrangement may be employed. Support 84 provides an open configuration downstream of orifice plate 32, in that support 84 does not obstruct the discharge of material from the downstream surface of orifice plate 32. In addition, while support 84 is shown as a reverse C-shaped member, it is understood that support 84 may have any other satisfactory configuration.

[0050] At the center of bridge section 88, support 84 includes a support area shown generally at 90. Support area 90 functions to engage and support the outer end of separator chamber 64. In the illustrated embodiment, the support area 90 includes an annular lip 92 which defines a recess that faces orifice plate 32. The end of separator chamber 64 has a reduced diameter area 94 defining a shoulder that is received within the recess defined by the lip 92, which functions to securely engage and retain separator chamber 64 between support area 90 and orifice plate 32. With this arrangement, separator chamber 64 is engaged to between orifice plate 32 and support area 90 in a manner that prevents axial movement of separator chamber 64.

Alternatively, the separator chamber 64 may be attached using a threaded arrangement.

[0051] The separator chamber 64 of separator assembly 10 is in the form of a generally elongated and tubular body that tapers or narrows from an intake end 96 at the downstream surface of orifice plate 32 to a discharge end 98 that interfaces with the support area 90 of support 84 as noted above. The separator passage 66 of separator chamber 64 is configured to allow the separator screw 62 to be passed through the separator chamber 64 and coupled to the feed screw 26, so that the separator screw 62 rotates with the feed screw 26. It is understood, however, that the separator screw 62 could be directly coupled to the feed screw 26 or coupled using a suitable coupler.

[0052] In the illustrated embodiment as best shown in Figs. 2 and 5, the separator chamber 64 has a two-piece construction. It is understood, however, that the separator chamber 64 may also have a one-piece construction or maybe formed of any other number of components. As shown, the intake end 96 of separator chamber 64 has a generally conical shaped inlet that defines a frustoconical inlet volume 82, which alternatively may be a series of individual inlet passages. The diameter of the intake end 84 is slightly greater than that of the inner section 76 of the orifice plate 32 so that the hard material that is passed through hard material collection passages 78 of the orifice plate 32 is received by the frustoconical inlet volume 82 of separator assembly 10.

[0053] The intake end 96 of separator chamber 64, in some embodiments, may be formed with spiral flutes 83. Similarly, the discharge end 98 of separator chamber 64, in some embodiments, may be provided with spiral flutes 85. The spiral flutes 83 cooperate with separator screw 62 to provide positive engagement and downstream advancement of the material as it passes through inlet volume 82 at the upstream end of separator chamber 64. Likewise, the spiral flutes 85 at the downstream end of separator chamber passage 66 provide positive engagement and downstream advancement of the material as it is discharged from separator chamber 66.

[0054] The separator screw 62 includes helical pressure flights 87 that extend along its length. The diameter of the helical pressure flights 87 decreases from the intake end 96 to the discharge end 98. In this regard, the diameters of the pressure flights 87 decrease along the length of the separator screw 62 to match the taper of the passage 66 defined by the wall of the separator chamber 64, shown at 97. A series of discharge perforations or openings 99 are formed in the wall 97 of the separator chamber 64. The discharge openings 99 are formed in a perforation or hole zone of the separator chamber 64 located between the intake end 96 and the discharge end 98, and are designed to pass soft material from the passage 66 of the separator chamber 64 to the exterior of the separator chamber 64. The openings 99 are located between the spiral flutes 83 at the intake and 96 and the spiral flutes 85 at the discharge and 98 of separator chamber 64. The separator chamber wall 97 defines a smooth inner surface within the perforation or whole zone of the separator chamber 64.

[0055] The pressure flights 87 serve two primary functions. First, the flights 87 advance the mixture of soft and hard material from the collection passages 78 toward the discharge end 98 through the passage 66 of the separator chamber 64. Second, the flights 87 force the mixture of soft and hard material against the inner surface of the wall 97 of the separator chamber 64. As the separator screw 62 is rotated, flow of the mixture of soft and hard material through the passage 66 is restricted by the tapered inner surface of the wall 97. This restriction functions to separate the soft material from the hard material, and the pressure within the passage 66 of the separator chamber 64 functions to force the separated soft material through the discharge openings 99 in the wall 97. Moreover, since the separator chamber 64 is tapered, a shearing force applied to the mixture of soft and hard material by rotation of separator screw 62 remains relatively constant as it travels along the length of the separator chamber passage 66. As a result, a continuous shearing force is applied to the hard material even as it is reduced in size as it is forced through passage 66.

[0056] At the discharge and of the separator chamber 64, the passage 66 defined by the separator chamber 64 communicates with an outlet passage 100 that extends through support area 90 of support 84. In the illustrated embodiment, the outlet passage 100 is in the form of a constant diameter passage that extends from the downstream end of support area 90 to the upstream end, with the downstream end having a diameter that corresponds to the diameter of separator chamber passage 66 at discharge and 98. It is understood, however, that outlet passage 100 may flare outwardly in an upstream -to-downstream direction so as to relieve pressure when the hard material is discharged from separator chamber passage 66, to effectively release the hard material so that it can be propelled through outlet passage 100 to a collection arrangement, which may be a receptacle or a discharge conduit in a manner as is known.

[0057] Referring to Figs. 2 and 5, centering pin 52 generally includes an inner section

102 that is configured to be received within the bore 54 in the end of feed screw 26. In addition, centering pin 52 includes a knife mounting section 104 that is engaged within passage 56 in the hub section of knife holder 28, and a bushing engagement section 106 that is received within the passage of bushing 58, to rotatably support the centering and 52 relative to orifice plate 32. In addition, the centering pin 52 includes a separator screw mounting section 108 adjacent bushing engagement section 106, and an extension section 110 that extends outwardly from separator screw mounting section 108. A transverse passage 112 extends through separator screw mounting section 108.

[0058] Separator screw 62 has a generally hollow construction, defining an axial passage

114 extending throughout its length. At the inner or downstream end of separator screw 62, passage 114 has a slightly enlarged diameter relative to the remainder of the length of the passage 114, so as to define a recess 116 that extends into the inner end of separator screw 62. At its outer or downstream end, passage 112 is formed with a series of internal threads 118. In assembly, separator screw 62 is engaged with centering pin 52 such that extension section 110 of centering pin 52 is received within axial passage 114 of separator screw 62. When separator screw 62 is fully engaged with centering pin 52, separator screw mounting section 108 of centering pin 52 is received within recess 116 in the inner or downstream end of separator screw 62. As shown in Fig. 5, there are close tolerances between the outside surfaces of separator screw mounting section 108 and extension section 110 and the respective facing surfaces of recess 116 and axial passage 114, so that separator screw 62 is centered on the longitudinal axis of centering pin 52.

[0059] Referring to Figs. 3 and 4, the inner end of separator screw 62 may be formed with a pair of transversely aligned slots 120, which extend in a downstream direction from the inner or upstream end of separator screw 62. To non-rotatably mount the separator screw 62 to centering pin 52, a drive pin 122 may extend through transverse passage 112 in the separator screw mounting section 108, such that its ends are positioned within slots 120. In this manner, separator screw 62 is mounted to drive pin 52 in a manner that ensures separator screw 62 rotates with centering pin 52, while enabling axial movement of separator screw 62 relative to drive pin 52 by movement of slots 120 relative to drive pin 122.

[0060] An adjustment arrangement 124 is engaged with the downstream end of separator screw 62 in order to enable adjustment in the axial position of separator screw 62 within passage 66 defined by separator chamber 64. In this manner, the clearance between separator screw pressure flights 87 and the inner surface of separator chamber wall 97 can be adjusted to accommodate different material characteristics. Adjustment arrangement 124 includes a threaded adjustment member 126, which may generally be in the form of a bolt having a head 128 and a shank 130 that is threaded throughout its length, in combination with a spacer or sleeve 132 and a locking member 134, which may be in the form of a lock nut that is engageable with the threads of adjustment member 126. As shown in Figs. 5 and 8, sleeve 132 and shank 130 of adjustment member 126 extend through passage 100 in support area and 90 defined by support 84, so that the outer end of sleeve 132, locking member 134 and head 128 of adjustment member 126 are located outwardly of the downstream end of support area 90. With this construction, sleeve 132 cooperates with passage 100 to form an annular discharge passage that is in communication with the downstream end of separator chamber passage 66 and extends through support area 90, so as to enable hard material discharged from the downstream end of separator chamber passage 66 to flow through support area 90 for collection or discharge.

[0061] Locking member 134 is engaged with the threads of adjustment member shank

130 and is located toward head 128. Shank 130 of adjustment member 126 extends through sleeve 132 and is engaged with internal threads 118 at the downstream end of axial passage 114 in separator screw 62. In operation, the end of adjustment member shank 130 is engaged with the facing end of extension section 110 of centering pin 52, and the inner end of sleeve 132 is engaged with the downstream end of separator screw 62. Locking member 134 is rotatably advanced into engagement with the outer or downstream end of sleeve 132, which thus prevents rotation of adjustment member 126 and locks the axial position of separator screw 62. When it is desired to change the axial position of separator screw 62 so as to adjust the spacing between pressure fights 87 and the inner surface of separator chamber wall 97, locking member 134 is moved toward head 128 so as to enable adjustment member 126 to be rotated. The user then rotates adjustment member 126 using head 128, and engagement between separator screw threads 118 and the threads of shank 130 function to change the axial position of separator screw 62. Relative axial movement between separator screw 62 and drive pin 52 is accommodated by slots 120 in the inner end of separator screw 62. Once the desired axial position of separator screw 62 is attained, sleeve 132 is advanced inwardly so that its inner end is engaged with the end of separator screw 62, and locking member 134 is again advanced into engagement with the outer end of sleeve 132 so as to secure the axial position of separator screw 62.

[0062] Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of the wall 97 of separator chamber 64, showing the discharge perforations or openings 99 that extend through the wall 97 so as to establish communication between separator chamber passage 66 and the exterior of separator chamber 64. The openings 99 as shown in Fig. 9 have a constant diameter throughout the length of each opening 99. In an alternative construction as shown in Fig. 10, the openings in the separator chamber wall 97 may be formed so as to have a reduced dimension inlet portion 136 and an expanded dimension outer portion 138. The expanded dimension outer portion 138 may be formed with a transverse inner surface shown at 140, which provides a relatively sudden transition between inlet portion 136 and outer portion 138. In an alternative embodiment as shown in Fig. 11, an expanded dimension outer portion 142 may be formed with flared side walls which provide a more gradual transition between inlet portion 136 and the exterior surface of wall 97. In both alternative embodiments, the expanded dimension outer portion provides pressure relief so as to facilitate the passage of material from passage 66 in separator chamber 64 through the openings or perforations in separator chamber wall 97 to the exterior of separator chamber 64.

[0063] Figs. 12-17 disclose an alternate embodiment of the grinding arrangement 16.

Referring to Figs. 12, 13A, and 13B, Fig. 12 shows the grinder head 18 and mounting ring 20, which may be similar to or the same as the components shown in the embodiment of Figs. 2 and 5. The mounting ring 20 may be supported by a ring lifter trolley 1202, which supports a front- end of the grinding arrangement 16 at an attachment point 1204. Rather than the tapered separator chamber 64 of Fig. 2, this embodiment may include a cylindrical separator chamber 1208 or tubular structure having a cylindrical (parallel) sidewall 1210 that defines a constant diameter separator passage 1304. The sidewall 1210 may include a plurality of sidewall apertures 1216. The direction of product flow (a downstream direction) is shown generally as 1218.

[0064] Figs. 13 A and 13B show the mounting ring 20 further coupled to a support bridge

1308, which includes a circular bridge ring 1310 and two or more support bridge ribs 1312. Only a small cut-away portion of a support bridge rib 1312 is shown in Fig. 12 for purposes of clarity. The support bridge 1308 performs a similar support function as the bridge section 88 and support 84 shown in the embodiment of Fig. 2. The support bridge ribs 1312 may couple a bridge collar 1336 to the circular bridge ring 1310. The circular bridge ring 1310 may have threads 1314 and a shoulder 1316, which operatively couple the bridge ring 1310 with corresponding threads 1224 on the mounting ring 20. Alternatively, the shoulder may be formed in mounting ring 20.

[0065] The cylindrical separator chamber 1208 includes a flared input flange 1320 and a flared output flange 1322, both integrally formed with the cylindrical separator chamber 1208. The flared input flange 1320 operatively mates with the bushing 58 so as to receive the food- product material via the collection passages 78 (and through corresponding apertures in the bushing 58) in the orifice plate 32 (Fig. 5). [0066] Figs. 14 and 15 illustrate some of the same components as shown in Figs. 2, 5, and 6, such as the center pin 52, the knife holder 28, the blades 30a-30f, the orifice plate 32, and the bushing 58. Moreover, the embodiments of Figs. 12-17 discloses differences from the embodiments of Figs. 2, 5, and 6, such as a constant diameter separator screw 1410 and the cylindrical separator chamber 1208. Also included in this embodiment is a ring valve assembly 1420 having a ring valve 1424, a ring valve carrier 1426, and a ring lock 1428. The ring valve assembly 1420 provides an adjustment to control the amount (and in some embodiments, the size) of the hard material processed through the separation chamber 1208, as described below.

[0067] The ring valve 1424 has an internal conical portion 1434 (best seen in Fig. 17C) in communication with the nose portion 1506 of the separator screw 1410, where the ring valve 1424 is in axial alignment with the separator screw 1410. The ring valve carrier 1426 is configured to reciprocally displace the ring valve 1424 in an axial direction relative to the separator screw 1410 so as to vary a gap 1440 between the nose portion 1506 of the separator screw 1410 and the internal conical portion 1434 of the ring valve 1424. The size of the gap 1440 determines an amount, and in some embodiments, the size, of the hard material (along with some soft material) that may be passed toward a discharge outlet 1450. In particular, the gap 1440 in the axial direction directly determines the amount of space between the inside diameter of the ring valve 1423 and the nose 1506 of the separator screw 1410, and thus determines an amount, and in some embodiments, the size, of hard matter that can pass therethrough. The discharge outlet 1450 may be a pipe 1802 (see Fig. 18) or other conduit operatively coupled to an end of the ring lock 1428. The discharge outlet leads to a waste container (not shown).

[0068] As shown in Figs. 13 A and 13B, the flared output flange 1322 includes one or more slots 1330 that communicate with corresponding pins 1332 in the fixed support collar 1336. Further, the ring valve 1424 may be reciprocally and axially displaced relative to the fixed bridge support collar 1336. The ring valve 1424, the ring valve carrier 1426, and the ring lock 1428 of the ring valve assembly 1420 are configured to adjust the axial displacement of the ring valve 1424 relative to the support collar 1336. This, in turn, adjusts the distance or gap 1440 between the nose portion 1506 of the separator screw 1410 and the internal conical portion 1434 of the ring valve 1424. Note that the separator screw 1410 may be driven by rotation of the center pin 52 (Fig. 14) as in the embodiments of Figs. 2, 5, and 6, and may be coupled to the center pin 52 using a spline fitting (see Fig. 16G) or other known interlocking configuration.

[0069] As best shown in Fig. 15, the support collar 1336 includes a threaded portion

1502, the ring valve 1424 includes a threaded portion 1510, the ring valve carrier 1426 includes a threaded portion 1512, and the ring lock 1428 also includes a threaded portion 1516. To adjust the gap 1440, the threaded portion 1512 of the ring valve carrier 1426, when rotated, cooperates with the internal threaded portion 1502 of the support collar 1336 to axially displace the ring valve 1424 within the ring valve carrier 1426. When the ring valve carrier 1426 is tightened against the support collar 1336, a shoulder 1518 of the ring valve 1424 is urged against a corresponding shoulder 1520 of the ring valve carrier 1426 so as to urge the ring valve 1424 toward the separation chamber 1208. Accordingly, rotation of the ring valve carrier 1426 axially may displace the ring valve 1424 within the collar 1336. Once the desired gap is achieved, the ring lock 1428 is tightened using a wrench 1526 or other suitable tool to prevent further rotation of the ring valve carrier 1426.

[0070] Figs. 16A-16H show the separator screw 1410 in greater detail. The separator screw 1410 is disposed within the separator passage 1304 of the separator chamber 1208, and includes a thread 1604, also referred to as a non-tapering helical pressure flight. The separator screw 1410 is defined by constant major diameter 1610 and a constant minor diameter 1612 along its body portion 1616. However, in some embodiments, the separator screw 1410 may have a variable minor diameter 1612. Rotation of the separator screw 1410 within the separator chamber 1208 causes separation of soft material from the mixture of soft material and hard material, and forces most of the soft material through the apertures 1216 in the sidewall 1210 of the separator chamber 1208, and advances the hard material that does not fit through the apertures 1216 in the downstream direction 1218 toward the discharge outlet 1450.

[0071] The nose portion 1506 includes a plurality of angled ports or grooves 1620.

Preferably, the separator screw 1410 includes six grooves 1620, however any suitable number of grooves 1620 may be included. Hard matter that is transported toward the nose 1506 of the separator screw 1410 within the separator chamber 1208 is partially crushed and advanced forwardly as the nose portion 1506 rotates proximate to the internal conical portion 1434 of the ring valve 1424. The grooves 1620 in the nose portion 1506 and scalloped depressions 1710 in the valve ring 1424 assist in grinding down and reducing in size hard material that may be too large to pass through the discharge end 1450. Approximately 99.8% of the soft material is collected through the apertures 1216 with only about 0.2% of the soft material inadvertently exiting toward the discharge end 1450 as waste along with the hard material. This percentage may vary slightly depending on the size of the gap 1440.

[0072] Figs. 17A-17D show the ring valve 1424 in greater detail. Fig. 17C particularly shows the internal conical portion 1434 of the ring valve 1424, which preferably includes the eight equi distantly spaced scalloped depressions 1710. However, any suitable number of scalloped depressions may be used. The scallop depressions 1710, in conjunction with the nose 1506 of the separator screw 1410 and associated grooves 1620, may regulate the amount or size of hard material passed through a passageway formed in the ring valve 1424, the ring valve carrier 1426, and the ring lock 1428.

[0073] The ring valve assembly 1420 provides a quick, easy, and accurate mechanism for manually adjusting the grinder 16 parameters, typically relating to a particular batch of food- product to process. Once set for a particular desired type of food processing, the amount of rejected material, and hence overall yield, is relatively fixed and constant.

[0074] Fig. 18A is an exploded assembly view of pertinent components of the grinding arrangement 6 of Figs 12-17, while Figs 18B and 18C are side and end views, respectively of the grinding arrangement of Fig. 18 A.

[0075] Fig. 19-24 disclose a further alternate embodiment of the grinding arrangement 16 of Fig. 12. Referring to Fig. 19, this embodiment includes some of the same components as shown in Figs. 12-18, such as the center pin 52, the knife holder 28, the blades 30a-30f, the orifice plate 32, the bushing 58, and support bridge ribs 1308. Moreover, the embodiments of Figs. 19-24 discloses differences from the embodiments of Figs. 12-18, such as a modified separator screw 1910, a metering auger 1912, and a metering cone 1920.

[0076] The metering auger 1912 may be operatively coupled to a distal end 1926 of the separator screw 1910, and has a reduced diameter relative to the separator screw 1910. The metering auger 1912, in cooperation with the metering cone 1920, is configured to advance in the downsteam direction 1218 the hard material of the mixture of soft material and hard material. The metering cone 1920 includes an internal conical portion 1930 and a metering passageway 1934 formed therein. The metering auger 1912 may communicate with the metering passageway 1934, and based on a selected diameter and thread arrangement of the metering auger 1912, defines an amount or in some embodiments, a size of the hard material that is advanced in the downsteam direction 1218 through the metering passageway 1934 toward a discharge end 1936 of the metering cone 1920.

[0077] Preferably, the metering auger 1912 is configured to be replaceably attached to the separator screw 1910 so that a variety of differently sized metering augers 1912 may be selected for interchangeable use. Before the start of a batch run of food-product processing, an operator may select the appropriately-sized metering auger 1912 based on the expected bone content and bone density, and affix the selected metering auger 1912 to the separation screw 1910. Such appropriate selection governs the amount, and in some embodiments, the size of the hard material that is advanced by the metering auger 1912 within the metering passageway 1934, and which hard material ultimately becomes waste product to be discharged from the discharge end 1936 of the metering cone 1920.

[0078] Preferably, the metering auger 1912 may be removeably fixed to the distal end

1926 of the separation screw 1910 using a threaded arrangement, but any suitable attachment method may be used. Alternatively, the metering auger 1912 may be permanently fixed to the separation screw 1910 using welds and the like. Alternatively, the metering auger 1912 may be integrally formed with the separation screw 1910 as a one-piece arrangement. In such

embodiments where the metering auger 1912 is not separable from the separation screw 1910, the operator may select and install an appropriately-sized combined one-piece dual-screw arrangement, which appropriate selection would govern the amount, and in some embodiments, the size of the hard material that is advanced within the metering passageway 1934.

[0079] An advantage of the embodiment of Fig. 19 is that once the operator has installed the appropriately-sized metering auger 1912 for the particular batch run, no further adjustment at all is necessary until the end of the batch run. Thus, the grinder arrangement 16 of the embodiment of Fig. 19 may be easier to maintain and operate than the embodiment of Fig. 12, and requires no adjustment during the batch processing run of the food-product.

[0080] Figs. 19 and 20A-120H show the separator screw 1910 in greater detail. The separator screw 1910 in this specific embodiment may be disposed within the separator passage 1304 of the separator chamber 1208, and includes a thread 2004, also referred to as a non- tapering helical pressure flight. In one embodiment, the separator screw 1910 is defined by a constant major diameter 2010 and a constant minor diameter 2012 along its body portion 2016. However, in some embodiments, the separator screw may have a variable minor diameter 2012 such that the body portion tapers but the outside diameter of the threads remain constant, as best shown in Fig. 19. Rotation of the separator screw 1910 within the separator chamber 1208 causes separation of soft material from the mixture of soft material and hard material, and forces most of the soft material through the apertures 1216 in the sidewall 1210 of the separator chamber 1208, and advances the hard material that does not fit through the apertures 1216 in the downstream direction 1218 toward the discharge outlet 1936.

[0081] A nose portion 2020 of the separator screw 1910 may include a plurality of radial ports or grooves 2022. Preferably, the separator screw 1910 includes six radial grooves 2022, however any suitable number of radial grooves 2022 may be included. Preferably, the grooves 2020 are in a radial configuration, but in some embodiments, may have a different orientation, such as like the angled ports or grooves 1620 of Fig. 16 A.

[0082] Hard matter that is transported toward the nose portion 2020 of the separator screw 1910 within the separator chamber 1208 is partially crushed and advanced forwardly as the nose portion 2020 rotates proximate to the internal conical portion 1930 of the metering cone 1920. The radial grooves 2022 in the nose portion 2020 assist in grinding down and reducing in size hard material that may be too large to pass through the metering passageway 1934.

[0083] Note that approximately 99.8% of the soft material is collected through the apertures 1216 with only about 0.2% of the soft material inadvertently exiting toward the discharge end 1936 as waste along with the hard material. This percentage may vary slightly depending on the size selection of the metering auger 1912.

[0084] The separator screw 1910 of Figs. 19 and 20A-120H is similar, but not identical to the separator screw 1410 of Figs. 14 and 16A and 16H, with the differences directed to the type of grooves formed in the respective nose portions, and the nose portion itself. As can be seen from the drawings, the nose portion 2020 of the separator screw 1910 is somewhat truncated in cross-section compared to the nose portion 1506 of the separator screw 1410 of Fig. 14. Further, the nose portion 2020 of the separator screw 1910 preferable includes an axially threaded center insert or recess 2028 configured to receive a corresponding threaded end (see 2118, Fig 21B) of the metering auger 1912. However, as described above, any suitable connection method may be used to either permanently or removable fix the metering auger 1912 to the separator screw 1910. Also, as is similar to the embodiment of Fig. 14, the separator screw 1910 of Fig. 19 may be driven by rotation of the center pin 52, and may be coupled to the center pin 52 using a spline arrangement 2030 as shown in the various views of Figs 20A-20G.

[0085] Figs. 21 A-21F and 22 show the metering auger 1912 in greater detail. The metering auger 1912 may include a body portion 2106, metering auger threads 2110, a base portion 2116, and a threaded insert portion 2118 configured to be received within the corresponding recess 2028 of the separator screw 1910. Preferably, the insert portion 2118 is threaded so as to removeably mate with the separator screw 1910. The selection of the appropriate metering auger may be based on many factors, such as the major diameter, minor diameter, root size (minor diameter), depth from root to crest, thread angle, thread pitch, helix angle, and pitch diameter. The major diameter, the minor diameter, the difference therebetween, and the thread pitch, may all be factors in determining the amount of hard material that is passed through the metering passageway 1934. As shown in Figs. 21 A-21F and 22, the metering auger 1912 may have a variable pitch or alternatively, a first body portion 2204 and a second body portion 2208 with each body portion having a different thread pitch. The thread pitch along of the first body portion 2204 is preferably less than the thread pitch along the second body portion 2208. The thread pitch along the first body portion 2204 is preferable constant. Thus, the metering auger 1912, in some embodiments, may be a variable-pitch auger.

[0086] Fig. 23 shows the metering cone 1920 in greater detail, including the internal conical portion 1930 and the metering passageway 1934. The inside surface of the internal conical portion 1930 may include three or more radially directed flutes 2310 or semicircular recesses formed therein, which extend longitudinally from an upsteam end 2316 of the internal conical portion 1930 to a downsteam end 2318 of the internal conical portion 1930. Any suitable number of flutes 2310 may be included. Essentially, the flutes 2310 may extend along the entire length of the internal conical portion 1930 in an axial direction. Preferably, the flutes 2310 end where the metering passageway 1934 begins. [0087] The flutes 2310 in the internal conical portion 1930 in conjunction with the base portion 2116 of the metering auger 1912 may assist in grinding down and reducing in size the hard material that may be too large to pass through the discharge end 1936. As is similar to embodiments described above, approximately 99.8% of the soft material is collected through the apertures 1216 with only about 0.2% of the soft material inadvertently exiting toward the discharge end 1450 as waste along with the hard material. This percentage may vary slightly depending on the size of the gap 1440.

[0088] To further assist with the size regulation, size reduction, and transport of the hard material within the metering cone 1920, the metering passageway 1934 may include an internal spiral groove or channel 2330 formed in its internal surface. The dimensions of the metering auger 1912, and particular its major diameter, relative to the inside diameter of the metering passageway 1934, determine the proximity of the metering auger threads 2110 to the metering passageway 1934, and thus may define a gap therebetween. Such a gap, in part, determines an amount, and in some embodiments, the size, of the hard material that may be transported in the downsteam direction to the discharge end 1936.

[0089] Referring back to Fig. 19, note that although the cylindrical wall 1210 of the separator chamber 1208 includes the plurality of sidewall apertures 1216 along a substantial portion of its length, a solid sidewall portion 1950 is shown, which is devoid of apertures, and which extends from just upsteam of the nose 2020 of the separator screw 1910 to a downsteam end of the separator chamber. Thus, in the vicinity of the nose 2020 portion of the separator screw 1910, and in the vicinity of the intersection between the metering auger 1912 and the separator screw 1910, no soft matter can exit the separation chamber 1208 as no apertures are provided in this area. This may cause some buildup of the hard material in this area, which buildup serves to regulate and maintain the backpressure near the neck of the metering auger 1912. Such appropriate backpressure assists in forcing the desirable soft food-product through the apertures 1216 in the separator chamber 1208 so that a vast majority of desired product is collected, and very little is wasted.

[0090] Fig. 24A is an exploded assembly view of all of the pertinent components of the grinder 16 of Figs 19-23, while Figs 24B and 24C are side and end views, respectively of the grinder of Fig. 24 A. [0091] It should be understood that the invention and its various embodiments are not limited in its application to the details of construction and arrangements of the components set forth herein. Variations and modifications of the foregoing are within the scope of the present invention. It also being understood that the invention disclosed and defined herein extends to all alternative combinations of two or more of the individual features mentioned or evident from the text and/or drawings. All of these different combinations constitute various alternative aspects of the present invention. The embodiments described herein explain the best modes known for practicing the invention and will enable others skilled in the art to utilize the invention.