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Title:
IN-LINE, CLOSED-SYSTEM, DOWNSTREAM ALTERATION OF FLUENT SUBSTANCE WITHIN FLEXIBLE-WALLED VESSEL USING APPARATUS WITH REACTION CHAMBER
Document Type and Number:
WIPO Patent Application WO/2005/103225
Kind Code:
A2
Abstract:
A system and technique for chem-mechanical alteration of a fluent substance upon being dispensed from a flexible-walled vessel, including: a cartridge apparatus (200) comprising a reaction chamber (215) within a housing connected in-line and downstream from an exit port of the vessel (230) into which the fluent substance had been filled for transport. The reaction chamber (215) is oriented for feed of the fluent substance through the chamber upon being dispensed from the vessel (230). The reaction chamber (215) comprises a media at least a portion of which is adapted to aid in the chem-mechanical alteration. This alteration may be by: purification by extraction of at least one contaminant within the fluent substance upon passing the fluent substance over the media; employing an enzymic agent to expedite a biochemical reaction occurring within the reaction chamber; employing an enzymic agent to expedite a biochemical reaction occurring within the reaction chamber;,employing an inorganic catalyst to expedite an inorganic reaction occurring within the reaction chamber, activating a component of the fluent substances by way of radiation emitted from a radiation source directed at the reaction chamber; deactivating a component of the fluent substance by way of radiation emitted from a radiation source directed at the reaction chamber (215); and infusing a gas into the fluent substance as it passes through the reaction chamber (215).

Inventors:
NEAS EDWIN D (US)
KUIKEN JERALD E (US)
Application Number:
PCT/US2005/013094
Publication Date:
November 03, 2005
Filing Date:
April 18, 2005
Export Citation:
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Assignee:
NEAS EDWIN D (US)
KUIKEN JERALD E (US)
CHATA BIOSYSTEMS INC (US)
International Classes:
A61L2/00; A61M5/14; B01D15/00; B01D24/00; B01D35/00; B01J4/00; B01J8/00; B01J8/02; B01J19/08; B01J19/12; B01L99/00; C12M1/00; C12M1/34; C12N11/14; (IPC1-7): C12M1/34
Foreign References:
US4895806A1990-01-23
US4627915A1986-12-09
US5092996A1992-03-03
US6251292B12001-06-26
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Macheledt, Jean M. (501 Skysail Lane Suite B10, Fort Collins CO, US)
Download PDF:
Claims:
We claim:
1. A cartridge apparatus for a chemmechanical alteration of a fluent substance upon being dispensed from a flexiblewalled vessel, the apparatus comprising: (a) a reaction chamber within a cartridge housing connected inline and downstream from an exit port of the flexiblewalled vessel into which the fluent substance had been filled for transport; (b) said reaction chamber oriented for feed of the fluent substance through said chamber upon being dispensed from the vessel; and (c) said reaction chamber comprising a media of a plurality of beadshapes at least a portion of which is adapted to aid in the chemmechanical alteration, said alteration selected from the group consisting of: purification by extraction of at least one contaminant within the fluent substance upon passing the fluent substance over said beadshapes; employing an enzymic agent to expedite a biochemical reaction occurring within said reaction chamber; and employing an inorganic catalyst to expedite an inorganic reaction occurring within said reaction chamber.
2. The cartridge apparatus of claim 1 wherein: said reaction chamber oriented for a gravityfeed of the fluent substance through said chamber upon being dispensed from the vessel; the chemmechanical alteration comprises purification using solidphase extraction; and said beadshapes are made of a sorbent material selective for said extraction of said contaminant.
3. The cartridge apparatus of claim 1 wherein the chemmechanical alteration comprises employing said enzymic agent to selectively react with a component of the fluent substance; and further comprising an external source of enzymes and a transport conduit through which said enzymic agent may pass into said reaction chamber.
4. The cartridge apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the chemmechanical alteration comprises employing said enzymic agent to selectively react with a component of the fluent substance; and at least a plurality of said beadshapes have a surface area adapted for adherence of said enzymic agent thereto.
5. The cartridge apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the chemmechanical alteration comprises employing said inorganic catalyst to selectively react with an inorganic substrate component of the fluent substance; and at least a plurality of said bead shapes have a surface area adapted for adherence of said inorganic catalyst thereto.
6. The cartridge apparatus of claim 1 wherein said reaction chamber is adapted for a second chemmechanical alteration to the fluent substance, said second chem mechanical alteration selected from the group consisting of: activating a component of the fluent substance by way of radiation emitted from an external radiation source directed at said reaction chamber; deactivating a component of the fluent substance by way of radiation emitted from an external radiation source directed at said reaction chamber; and infusing a gas into the fluent substance as it passes through said reaction chamber.
7. A system for a chemmechanical alteration of a fluent substance upon being dispensed from a flexible walled vessel, the system comprising: (a) a cartridge apparatus comprising a reaction chamber within a cartridge housing connected inline and downstream from an exit port of the flexiblewalled vessel into which the fluent substance had been filled for transport; (b) said reaction chamber oriented for feed of the fluent substance through said chamber upon being dispensed from the vessel; and (c) said reaction chamber comprising a media at least a portion of which is adapted to aid in the chemmechanical alteration, said alteration selected from the group consisting of: purification by extraction of at least one contaminant within the fluent substance upon passing the fluent substance over said media which comprises a plurality of beadshapes; employing an enzymic agent to expedite a biochemical reaction occurring within said reaction chamber; employing an inorganic catalyst to expedite an inorganic reaction occurring within said reaction chamber; activating a component of the fluent substance by way of radiation emitted from an external radiation source directed at said reaction chamber; deactivating a component of the fluent substance by way of radiation emitted from an external radiation source directed at said reaction chamber; and infusing a gas into the fluent substance as it passes through said reaction chamber.
8. The system of claim 7 further comprising a flow channel hermetically attached in communication with said exit port and a flow channel disposed between said exit port and said cartridge apparatus; and wherein the chemmechanical alteration comprises purification using solidphase extraction; said media comprises a plurality of beadshapes; said beadshapes are of a variety of shapes and made of a sorbent material selective for said extraction of said contaminant; and said fluent substance is selected from the group consisting of liquid reagents, solutions used for medical purposes, solvents, solutes, a fluid comprising a component of mammalian blood, fluent foodstuff for animal ingestion, and water.
9. The system of claim 7 wherein: the chemmechanical alteration comprises employing said enzymic agent to selectively react with a component of the fluent substance; and said media comprises at least a plurality of beadshapes having a surface area adapted for adherence of said enzymic agent thereto.
10. The system of claim 7 wherein: the chemmechanical alteration comprises employing said inorganic catalyst to selectively react with an inorganic substrate component of the fluent substance; and said media comprises at least a plurality of beadshapes having a surface area adapted for adherence of said inorganic catalyst thereto.
11. A method for a chemmechanical alteration of a fluent substance being dispensed from a flexiblewalled vessel, the method comprising the steps of: (a) connecting, inline and downstream from an exit port of the flexible walled vessel into which the fluent substance had been filled for transport, a cartridge apparatus comprising a reaction chamber; (b) upon being so dispensed, feeding the fluent substance through a flow channel and said reaction chamber oriented such that the fluent substance passes through a media contained within said reaction chamber wherein the chem mechanical alteration takes place; and (c) the chemmechanical alteration, said alteration selected from the group consisting of: • purification by extraction of at least one contaminant within the fluent substance upon passing the fluent substance over at least a portion of a surface area of said media which comprises a plurality of beadshapes; • employing an enzymic agent to expedite a biochemical reaction occurring within said reaction chamber; • employing an inorganic catalyst to expedite an inorganic reaction occurring within said reaction chamber; • activating a component of the fluent substance by way of radiation emitted from an external radiation source directed at said reaction chamber; • deactivating a component of the fluent substance by way of radiation emitted from an external radiation source directed at said reaction chamber; and • infusing a gas into the fluent substance as it passes through said reaction chamber.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein: the chemmechanical alteration comprises employing said enzymic agent to selectively react with a component of the fluent substance; and said media comprises at least a plurality of beadshapes having a surface area adapted for adherence of said enzymic agent thereto.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein: the chemmechanical alteration comprises employing said inorganic catalyst to selectively react with an inorganic substrate component of the fluent substance; and said media comprises at least a plurality of beadshapes having a surface area adapted for adherence of said inorganic catalyst thereto.
14. A method for a chemmechanical purification of a fluent substance being dispensed from a flexiblewalled vessel, the method comprising the steps of: (a) connecting, inline and downstream from an exit port of the flexible walled vessel into which the fluent substance had been filled for transport, a cartridge apparatus comprising a reaction chamber; and (b) upon being so dispensed, gravity feeding the fluent substance through a flow channel and then through said reaction chamber oriented such that the fluent substance passes over at least a portion of a surface area of a plurality of bead shapes contained within said reaction chamber to perform the chemmechanical purification by extraction of at least one contaminant within the fluent substance.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein said reaction chamber is adapted for a second chemmechanical alteration to the fluent substance, said second chem mechanical alteration selected from the group consisting of: activating a component of the fluent substance by way of radiation emitted from an external radiation source directed at said reaction chamber; deactivating a component of the fluent substance by way of radiation emitted from an external radiation source directed at said reaction chamber; and infusing a gas into the fluent substance as it passes through said reaction chamber.
16. A system for a chemmechanical purification of a fluent substance upon being dispensed from a flexible walled vessel, the system comprising: (a) a reaction chamber connected inline and downstream from an exit port of the flexiblewalled vessel into which the fluent substance had been filled for transport; (b) said reaction chamber oriented for a gravityfeed of the fluent substance through said chamber upon being so dispensed from the vessel; and (c) said reaction chamber comprising a plurality of beadshapes, each said beadshape having a surface area at least a portion of which is adapted for the chem mechanical purification by extraction of at least one contaminant within the fluent substance upon passing the fluent substance over said beadshapes.
17. The system of claim 16 wherein the chemmechanical purification comprises solidphase extraction and said beadshapes are made of a sorbent material selective for said extraction of said contaminant.
18. The system of claim 16 further comprising a flow channel hermetically attached in communication with said exit port and a valve disposed between said exit port and said reaction chamber; and wherein said beadshapes are of a variety of shapes, and said fluent substance is selected from the group consisting of liquid reagents, solutions used for medical purposes, solvents, solutes, a fluid comprising a component of mammalian blood, fluent foodstuff for animal ingestion, and water.
Description:
Inventors/ applicants: Edwin P Neas, Ph.D. & Terald E. Kuiken (as filed Monday 18th-Aρr-05) IN-LINE, CLOSED-SYSTEM, DOWNSTREAM ALTERATION OF FLUENT SUBSTANCE WΠΉIN FLEXIBLE-WALLED VESSEL USING APPARATUS WΓΓH REACTION CHAMBER

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention In general, the present invention relates to downstream alteration of fluent substance being held in a container. Such alteration includes the purification of fluent substances used in a wide variety of environments such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and other chromatography techniques; drugs/ therapeutics, blood, plasma, and other fluent substances intravenously (IV) delivered, injected, and otherwise dosed into an animal for medicinal or therapeutic purposes ("animals" to include humans and other mammals, fish, birds, and reptiles); dissolution baths for analytical/ research and commercial production; mixing of solutions for testing/ analytical/ research and commercial production, and other such applications whereby purity of the fluent substance flowing from a contained source, such as a plastic pack or container/ vessel, is critical to the intended use of the fluent substance. In particular, the present invention is directed to a new, preferably disposable cartridge apparatus and associated system and technique for chem-mechancial alteration (such as purification of, activation or deactivation of a component of, dissolving of a gas within, biochemical reaction of, and/ or inorganic chemical reaction of) a fluent substance as it is dispensed from a flexible-walled vessel in a gravity-fed, or similar, fashion. Alteration preferably takes place down-stream from an exit port and flow channel hermetically extending from the vessel, within a reaction chamber of a cartridge apparatus. The reaction chamber preferably contains a media, sometimes referred to as 'trapping media', at least a portion of which is adapted to aid in the chem.-mechanical alteration; alteration mechanisms as contemplated herein include selectively 'trapping' contaminants within the fluent substance (purification by extraction of at least one contaminant within the fluent substance upon passing the fluent substance over the media, which may comprise a plurality of bead-shapes), activating or deactivating a substance within the fluent substance by way of radiation emitted from an external source directed at the reaction chamber, infusing a gas into the fluent substance (e.g., such that it is dissolved therein) as it passes through the chamber, employing an enzymic agent to expedite a biochemical reaction occurring within the chamber, and/ or employing an inorganic catalyst (e.g., lead, zinc, etc.) to expedite an inorganic reaction occurring within the chamber. Extractables/ contaminants that have leached into or otherwise contaminated, the fluent substance(s) being stored within, for example, the polymeric flexible- walled vessels designed by an applicant hereof (and owned by the assignee hereof), as well as those contaminants introduced into the fluent substances during initial bag filling process, create problems for many applications of the fluent substance(s). To address this particular issue, the invention encompasses dispensing by way of gravity flow, the fluent substance contained in the vessel through a cartridge apparatus, or device, having a reaction chamber containing a SPE sorbent packing, for example. Other alteration mechanisms are contemplated herein, as explained. The cartridge apparatus is located downstream of the vessel such that a fluent substance passes through on its way to an analysis instrument, beaker, patient, etc. The sorbent packing may comprise, for example, bead-shapes of suitable size made of a material that is selective for extraction of a targeted/ specific extractable(s) anticipated within the fluent substance. As is known, different types and amounts of contaminants are encountered depending upon the lining/ inner-wall material of the vessel and the environment, technique(s), and care employed when filling the vessel with the fluent substance. Preferably applicant's earlier developed flexible- walled vessel is used in concert with the new reaction chamber apparatus, in a novel 'closed-system' combination that is handy to employ in a wide variety of situations where purity is sought, and/ or other contemplated alteration of the fluent substance is intended, as mentioned, while reducing the risk of introducing additional, unanticipated contaminants typically associated with exposure to outside environment(s), as is commonly encountered in the filling of traditional hard walled open packaging (such as glass or ceramic bottles, beakers, pipettes, and so on). The cartridge/ trap apparatus has a housing with a reaction chamber in which a trapping media is contained between two porous-type filters (e.g., filter frits) through which the fluent substance is allowed to pass. The trapping media may be comprised of particles of a resin (whether coated) or other suitable material in granular-form (see also listings below), chosen to selectively reduce the migration rate of a target contaminant (for example, unwanted plasticizers/flexibilizers, antioxidants, grease, etc., that have leached into the fluent substance) to a point that such that only an acceptable level(s), if any, of the contaminant reaches the downstream fluent substance dispensed/ dosed for use. At least a portion of the trapping media may be coated or covered to some extent with an enzyme whereby a desired alteration of the fluent substance comprises a biochemical reaction within the reaction chamber. In this case, a source of enzymes is provided; such source having been produced and maintained available by way of known techniques for supporting organisms containing the enzyme or other enzymic agents. The reaction chamber is preferably made with an inert inner wall and may be a cylindrically-shaped tubular length, capsule shaped, irregularly shaped, and so on, selected to accommodate the number and size of bead-shapes placed therewithin, while remaining cost-effective to manufacture and distribute. The apparatus housing can be likewise shaped, or the reaction chamber may have a shape other than that viewed from the exterior to the cartridge apparatus. Factors that can affect gravity flow purification/ pass-through time through the reaction chamber according to the invention, include: Total volume and shape of the reaction chamber, size and shape of the bead-shapes within the chamber, material and/ or coating of the bead-shapes, pore size of the filter frits used to contain the bead- shapes within the chamber, the cross-sectional area of the in-port and out-port of the channels leading into and out of the reaction chamber, and viscosity of the fluent substance. Once fluent substance has passed through the reaction chamber the downstream purified substance is generally free of the target contaminant.

An Historical Perspective In the late 1960's and early 1970's polymer engineers were led to identify a replacement material for blood bags (used to store mammalian blood collected for later use by patients), which ultimately resulted in the replacement of glass bottles then-used for Intravenous (IV) dispensing of drugs into patients. The primary polymer used for IV bags was Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). Since that time there have been other polymer films created for use in flexible walled containers which have had special application advantages in the medical industry as well as the food industry. Some of these films include (but are not limited to) Ethyl-Vinyl Acetate, Polyesters, Poly olefin Blends, Poly olefin Laminates, and Functionalized Poly olefin's (l,Len Czuba,MDDI). However, PVC is still the predominant polymer used in IV bags today. Through the years other applications for flexible walled bags have surfaced. One of the applicants hereof is co-inventor on U.S. patent 6,729,369 issued 05-May-04 for a unique flexible-walled vessel (U.S. Pat. App. 09/772,054). The filling of plastic bags with a liquid for general storage and dispensing, taken alone, is not new. Modern human and veterinary medicine conveniently use IV bags for bedside administration of medicine, nutrients, and other solutions (water, saline solution, dialysis solutions, etc) to patients in hospitals, nursing-care facilities, clinics, mobile critical-care transporters (life-flight helicopters, ambulances, and medically-equipped airplanes), and to patients who are well enough to have been sent home. In the past, the design efforts of storage and transport containers for use to hold solutions have been driven, by-and-large, by the requirement that the walls of the containers be compatible with the solutions contained therein (such as reagents, solvents, solutes, organics, drugs, IV solutions, cleaning/ sterilizing solutions, ingestible foodstuff, etc.). Prior to the widespread use of conventional blood and nutrient IV bag, glass bottles, although very breakable and heavy to transport, were primarily the container of choice due to the relative stability of glass and the compatibility of glass (as inert) with so many solutions. And, while wall- compatibility is an important design consideration of storage vessels (due to the need to use containers made of materials that are substantially inert with respect to corrosion and do not leach extractables into the solutions they contain) 'wall- compatibility' can no longer remain, alone, at the top of the list of major design considerations of solution storage vessels. This is especially true as shipping and handling costs continue to sharply increase; such costs include the additional labor of skilled technicians that must be employed to properly measure/ dispense and carefully use (without contaminating) the solutions, the cost of brittle-container breakage during shipment and/ or use, as well as costs associated with the sheer weight of hard walled containers. Despite identified advantages in transport/ shipping of flexible-walled containers as opposed to conventional hard-walled, brittle containers, advantages of employing flexible-walled containers for storage and dispensing of fluid solutions are many — as pointed out in published US patent app. US 2003/0080140 Al (issued as U.S. Pat. 6,729,369 to a co-applicant hereof). In this earlier published work concerning new production and test packaging technology, one applicant hereof focused on design of the novel concepts embodied in a flexible-walled vessel for transport of fluent substances in a closed-system. Commonly owned US patent app. NQ 09/772,054 filed on behalf of the assignee hereof for one of the applicants and another inventor —later issued as U.S. Pat. No 6,729,369, is incorporated herein by reference for its general technical background information. One advantage to the flexile-walled vessel design is that to dispense a solution contained in a flexible-walled container exposure to air is minimized; also gravity along with opening a downstream valve, permits a dosage to be dispensed. Whereas to fill or empty conventional hard walled container, one must either remove a cap to pour the fluid solution from the container, thus exposing the solution to contaminated air, or dispense by some method from a completely sealed container. As most would know, dispensing a solution from a sealed hard walled container is not possible without the introduction of air to prevent vacuum from stopping flow. Therefore, hard walled containers necessarily allow air exposure, or exposure to inert gasses, to the contained solutions. The introduction of unfiltered air can lead to microbial contamination of the contained chemistry. In addition, unfiltered or filtered air can cause de-stabilization and/ or evaporation of the chemical solution. Because flexible-walled bags can be filled aseptically in a closed system there is, generally, little risk of microbial contamination. With the use of multi-layered polymer films and 'over- wraps' there is not a need to expose the contained chemistry in a flexible walled polymer bag to air or other environmental contaminants. Also, chemistries contained within flexible walled polymer bags can be frozen for preservation which is not possible with many hard walled containers such as glass. While one can readily appreciate the advantages offered by using flexible-walled vessels over hard walled containers for storing and transporting solutions, there remains a significant disadvantage of using flexible walled bags: To at least some extent, extractables within the matrix wall of the vessel will leach into the solution. Where it is critical that the fluent substance by-and-large be pure, that is where only a very small (or even negligible amount) of a contaminant may be tolerated, a problem arises. For most every polymeric film suitable for use as an inner wall of a flexible- walled polymer vessel, it is expected that— given enough time— extractables within the matrix of the film will leach out into a solution contained within the vessel. Often, these extractables are the result of the addition of catalyst and free molecules required to give the films flexibility. However, the problem of matrix contaminants in the vessel walls is not exclusive to polymer films. For example, chemical solutions within glass bottles cannot be used in the electronic industry because of the migration of ions from the glass into the contained chemical solution. Depending upon the polymer material used in fabricating a flexible walled vessel, the potential extractables vary in structure and molecular weight. Most of these extractables fall into organic molecule classifications such as phthalates, oligomers, and anti-oxidants. In addition, depending upon the polymerization process, inorganic Ions can also migrate from the polymer materials of the bag. Over time it is possible that these extractables will migrate from the polymer matrix of the bag walls into the contained chemical solution. In many cases, the extractable chemistries do not affect the use of the contained chemical solution. However, questions remain concerning whether these extractables can cause undetected ill effects to patients being given chemical solutions from IV bags, for example. Also, it is known that extractables from plastic polymer containers can operate as 'interferences' in many testing methods employed by industries such as Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance and Research laboratories. Examples of these testing methods include High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and/ or Mass Spectrophotometry. Recall as mentioned, contaminants can be introduced into a chemical solution during the filling process, itself. Thus the possibility of extracted contaminants being present in a chemical solution in any container is high. Over the past 25 years, methods have been devised to "clean up" or extract and then concentrate samples prior to analysis including supercritical fluid extraction, liquid/ liquid extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, flash and preparative chromatography, solid phase extraction (SPE) as well as others. Many of these methods involve the use of a liquid phase to extract the compounds of interest from a liquid sample leaving the resultant liquid sample "contaminated" with the extraction solvent. In contrast, SPE techniques utilize a solid stationary support material, known as sorbent, to extract target compounds from the liquid sample. Proper selection of stationary sorbents offers the advantage of easily separating interferences from the liquid sample without introducing any subsequent, additional contaminants during purification. SPE sorbent materials suitable for use here, include chemically modified silica based stationary phases, molecularly imprinted polymers, polymeric based stationary phases, antibody phases, ligand modified materials, molecular sieves, zeolites, and others. These sorbents work by a chem-mechanical, or physical interaction with the target compounds of interest within the sample thereby removing them. One may pack the sorbent material in syringe barrels, pipetter tips, filter type disks, 96-well plates, large volume cartridges for higher sample throughput (Ron Majors; LC-GC VoI 19, No. 7, July 2001) and other formats and then passing the liquid sample through the resultant device. Conventional devices in use for removing contaminants from liquids such as ground water, in order to determine the contaminant level therein, typically require that the liquid sample be either pulled through the device using a vacuum source or pushed through using a positive pressure device. The primary analysis methods using such an extraction procedure include those known as HPLC, MS, LC-MS, LC-MS-MS, NMR, etc. A variety of surface chemistries for the sorbent packings may be employed in a chem-mechanical purification according to the invention; specific design is done to match the target extractable to handle a specific task of the chemist. It is noted here that use of SPE's is known generally, as SPE's have been employed in several areas of chemistry and biotechnology such as Organic Synthesis (Howells et alv Pittsburgh Conference Presentation, 2001), extraction of drugs from biological samples (Blomgren et al, Pittsburgh Conference Presentation, 2001), Isolation and quantification of food chemistries (Ham et al; LCGC Vol. 18, No. 11, November 2000), and purification of water before use in analysis methods (Dolan et al LCGC Vol. 14, No. 3, 202-208, 1996; Dolan, LCGC Vol. 3, No. 7, 576-577, 1985; Ringo et al, LCGC Vol. 21, No. 2, 168-178, 2003).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Briefly described, in one characterization, the invention is a system for chem- mechanical alteration of a fluent substance upon being dispensed from a flexible- walled vessel. The system has a unique cartridge apparatus comprising a reaction chamber within a cartridge housing connected in-line and downstream from an exit port of the flexible-walled vessel into which the fluent substance had been filled for transport. The reaction chamber is oriented for feed of the fluent substance through the chamber upon being dispensed from the vessel. Chamber orientation may be such that feed is a 'gravity-feed' with or without positive back-pressure applied from 'upstream' of the cartridge location to aid in pushing the fluent substance through. The reaction chamber contains a media at least a portion of which is adapted to aid in the chem-mechanical alteration, which comprises at least one of the following: purification by extraction of at least one contaminant within the fluent substance upon passing the fluent substance over the media (which, for example, may comprise a plurality of bead-shapes); employing an enzymic agent to expedite a biochemical reaction occurring within the reaction chamber; employing an inorganic catalyst to expedite an inorganic reaction occurring within the reaction chamber; activating a component of the fluent substance by way of radiation emitted from an external radiation source directed at the reaction chamber; deactivating a component of the fluent substance by way of radiation emitted from an external radiation source directed at the reaction chamber; and infusing a gas into the fluent substance as it passes through the reaction chamber. Where the chem-mechanical alteration comprises employing an enzymic agent, with the agent selectively reacting with a component of the fluent substance, the enzymes may be provided by way of an external source along with a transport conduit through which the enzymic agent passes into the reaction chamber, and/ or the enzymic agent may be incorporated into the reaction chamber upon fabrication of the cartridge such that, for example, the media has bead-shapes, at least a plurality of which have a surface area adapted for adherence of the enzymic agent thereto. Where the chem-mechanical alteration comprises employing an inorganic catalyst, with the catalyst selectively reacting with an inorganic substrate component of the fluent substance, the catalyst may be incorporated into the reaction chamber upon fabrication of the cartridge such that, for example, the media has bead-shapes, at least a plurality of which have a surface area adapted for adherence of the inorganic catalyst thereto. The chem-mechanical purification may be a solid-phase extraction, with the bead-shapes composed of a sorbent material selective for extraction of the targeted contaminant. A flow channel hermetically attached in communication with the exit port and a valve disposed between the exit port and reaction chamber may be further included. The bead-shapes may be substantially similar in shape or of a variety of shapes. The fluent substance having been filled and being stored in the flexible-walled vessel/ container ready for dispensing, may include a liquid reagent, solution used for medical purposes (such as solutions consumed intravenously, solutions injected into a patient, etc.), a solvent, a solute, a fluid comprising a component of mammalian blood, fluent foodstuff for animal ingestion, water, etc. Also characterized is a technique for a chem-mechanical alteration of a fluent substance being dispensed from a flexible-walled vessel. This unique method includes the steps of: (a) connecting, in-line and downstream from an exit port of the flexible walled vessel into which the fluent substance had been filled for transport, a cartridge apparatus comprising a reaction chamber; and (b) upon being so dispensed, gravity feeding the fluent substance through a flow channel and then through the reaction chamber oriented such that the fluent substance passes through a media contained within the reaction chamber wherein the chem-mechanical alteration takes place. The chem-mechanical alteration to comprise one or more of the unique techniques listed above, and elsewhere herein.. The particular aspect of the method characterization for the chem-mechanical purification of a fluent substance being dispensed from a flexible-walled vessel, includes the steps of: (a) connecting, in-line and downstream from an exit port of the flexible walled vessel into which the fluent substance has been filled for transport, a reaction chamber; and (b) the fluent substance is dispensed by gravity feeding the fluent substance through a flow channel (of very short or of a longer length, length is not critical) and then through the reaction chamber oriented such that the fluent substance passes over at least a portion of a surface area of a plurality of bead-shapes contained within the chamber to perform the chem-mechanical purification by extraction of at least one contaminant within the fluent substance. Distinguishable from conventional devices are the apparatus, system and associated fluent substance downstream alteration technique, and associated cartridge apparatus of the invention. As one will appreciate, certain of the unique features of the invention, and some of the further-unique combinations of these features, as supported and contemplated in the instant technical discussion may provide a variety of advantages; among these include one or more of the following: (a) The inventive vessel is preferably used for one-time dispensing of its contents (and, thereafter, disposed-of). (b) Versatility —The invention can be used for dispensing non-contaminated reagents, drugs, IV solutions, mobile phases (used in HPLC, Ion Chromatography, Mass Spectrophotometry, or other chromatography techniques), electronics, etc. The invention can be used in a wide range of production/ testing and hospital environments to carry out associated processes (whether carried out as part of a commercial enterprise or done in a basic-research facility) such as: end-product fabrication and/ or QC testing; in-line monitoring and/ or mixing of constituents of a product; sample bench-testing of end-products or constituents thereof for purposes of quality control (QC); bench-testing of a product undergoing research to assess its manufacturability; plus, traditional lab research testing/ sample monitoring, etc., of a material or substance (e.g., material ID, measuring properties and behavior, etc.). (c) Simplicity of use—The new vessel allows for reliable transporting to a dispensing site, ease of positioning/ orienting for dispensing and ready use of chem- mechanical alteration cartridge apparatus, plus straightforward repositioning within the process, as necessary, and later removal of the vessel from the process, without disruption of the production/ test environment. (d) The design of the apparatus and method is such that it allows for handy integration into automated equipment currently in use in the lab or on-the-floor. The use of the apparatus in automated equipment decreases the opportunity for mistake(s) occurring and presence of safety hazards associated with making large quantities of chemical reagents and transporting from a mixing site to equipment. (e) Structural design flexibility—The reaction chamber may contain bead- shapes (e.g., SPE sorbent packing) and can be made from a variety of structurally stable materials such as Glass, Teflon, Nylon, Polypropylene, etc. depending upon the fluent substance passing into and through the chamber and the contaminant(s) targeted for extraction. In addition, the bead-shapes have a surface chemistry designed for the specific alteration. For example, the surface chemistry and reaction chamber material employed to remove organic molecules from a chemical solution contained within a polymer bag would be different than the device material and surface chemistry of the sorbent packing to remove inorganic molecules. (f) Design for cost-effectiveness-~The vessel, as designed, lowers the cost to ship/ transport (especially, since the vessel walls are preferably not hard/brittle and heavy), and indicia on the vessel can include many coded pieces of information for cost-effective automatic tracking of vessel as well as tracking use of its contents (especially important for patient recognition, inventory control, tracking lots, monitoring product shelf -life, and so on). The new technique may permit useful information to be provided at a faster rate. By eliminating certain labor-intensive steps involved in cleaning up or removing contaminants (typically done by skilled chemists) production and lab costs may be decreased. (g) Design for decreasing the chance of operator error. The novel apparatus and method may decrease the amount of handling required by technicians during vessel transport and contents dispensing during production/ test process. Operator handling has traditionally included: removing the correct bottle from shelving holding similarly-shaped bottles, pouring-out and measuring requisite amount of liquid reagent into a clean beaker, warming/ sterilizing/ mixing beaker contents if necessary, dumping the contents of the beaker into a test tube or vat to carry-out a step in the production/ test process (e.g., a chemical reaction, analysis, dissolving of a solute, cleaning to remove contaminants and cleaning beaker for reuse). Decreasing operator handling during production and test may decrease costs associated therewith, especially where highly trained chemists are needed to perform the tasks (as is most often the case when performing steps to manufacture/ produce/ test chemicals whether destined for commercial use or done in a research facility).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS For purposes of illustrating the innovative nature plus the flexibility of design and versatility of the apparatus, system and associated technique of the invention figures have been included. The figures have been included to communicate the features of applicants' innovative apparatus, system and technique by way of example, only, and are in no way intended to unduly limit the disclosure hereof. FIGURE IA schematically represents a cartridge apparatus 100 of the invention having a reaction chamber 115 within which a chem-mechanical

IO alteration, such as the removal of extractables, takes place downstream of a vessel. FIGURE IB schematically represents a system 200 of the invention depicting a cartridge apparatus 210 downstream in-line from vessel 230 for chem-mechanical alteration, such as by purification of the fluent substance dispensed/ dosed for use. FIGURES 1C - IE depict alternative embodiments of a flexible container/ vessel for containing a fluent substance, each supported by a support member, which may be used to hold the chemical preparation/ fluent substance prior to flowing into and through an apparatus such as is shown in FIGURES IA - IB. FIGURE 2 includes information graphically and in table format, concerning results of tests performed on purified fluent substance having been treated according to the present invention.

DESCRIPTION DETAILING EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION By viewing FIGs. IA - IB and associated representative example results in FIG. 2 for one type of alteration (purification), along with a flexible-walled vessel such as that depicted in FIGs.1C - IE, one can further appreciate the unique nature of core as well as additional and alternative features of the system, cartridge apparatus and associated technique for purification according to the invention. Referring to both Figures IA and IB schematically represents a cartridge apparatus (100) containing the media (depicted in FIG. IB), such as SPE sorbent packing, within a reaction chamber (115) having been defined by two filter frits (112) and (114). Tubing coming from a flexible-walled vessel, such as at 230 containing a fluent substance filled for transport, is interconnected to a cartridge body/housing (110) via suitable fitting (101) and the chemical solution contained within the bag will flow along direction 102 through chamber (115) and its interior bead-shapes (e.g., sorbent packing) as illustrated. As mentioned, size and shape of housing (110/210) as well as chamber (115/215) depend upon the capacity and residence time required for the targeted alteration, such as in the case of purification, size and shape of chamber (115/215) depend on chemical solution exposure to the sorbent packing using to accomplish desired (in many cases, a substantially 'complete') removal of extractables/ contamination/ impurities. For example, the greater the exposure time requirements, more sorbent packing might be required and therefore the larger the chamber (115/215) and housing (110/210) will need to be. Once again, the unique apparatus (labeled in FIG. IA at 100) consists of a length of chamber 115 within which a trapping media is contained between two porous-type filters 112, 114 through which the fluent substance is allowed to pass into the apparatus through port 101 along a direction labeled 102 and to exit through port 120 (such as a quick-connect type assembly). Although shown as an elongated cylindrical-shape, the reaction chamber may have a variety of shapes and volume(s) based upon the chosen 'slowed' migration rate of the contaminant and the fluent substance passing through the apparatus 100. The apparatus is preferably positioned downstream of the contained source/ vessel filled with fluent substance as identified in FIG.1C or in place of the connector labeled 34C (FIG.1C) interposed between pieces of tubing extends out of the contained source (vessel/ container, etc.). As supported by the technical disclosure hereof many alternative suitable materials can be chosen from those identified. One example of suitable material is a silica based trapping media, whether contained within chamber 115 as a single particulate of silica gel (such as that distributed as Chromatographic Silica Media by Davison Chemical, A Grace Division, of Baltimore MD, GRADE 646150A) or a silica-based bonded phase, a generally uniformly distributed mixture of particulates, or as layers of different particulate media (layered in a manner similar to bottled sand sculptures). The specific composition of particulate media employed will depend upon fluent substance flowing through the apparatus — such as a mobile phase used in HPLC or other chromatography techniques; intravenous (IV) fluids, dissolution bath fluids for analytical/ research and commercial production, etc. The system 200 represented in Figure IB has: A vessel 230, such as one of the unique flexible containers described U.S. Pat. Ne 6,729,369 owned by the assignee hereof (see, also, FIGs. 1C - IE hereof), is supported by support framework 240. A cartridge body 210 housing reaction chamber 215 downstream, in-line from vessel 230 permits a closed-system chem-mechanical alteration of the fluent substance dispensed/ dosed in a gravity-fed fashion (in the direction of reference arrows 202) through channels 201 and 220 for ready use, as dosed at 250. Bead-shapes within 215 held between porous members 212 and 214 have, for example, chemically active surfaces for removing the targeted contaminant from the fluent substance. FIGs. IA and IB also depict components useful in carrying out the following alteration(s) as disclosed: employing an enzymic agent (e.g., source might be external at 330, otherwise bead-shapes may be pre-treated prior to fabrication between frits 112/212, 114/214) to expedite a biochemical reaction occurring within reaction chamber 115/215; activating a component of the fluent substance by way of radiation emitted from an external radiation source (e.g., at 310) directed at the chamber 115/215; deactivating a component of the fluent substance by way of radiation emitted from an external radiation source (e.g., at 310) directed at the chamber 115/215; and infusing a gas (source 320 along direction 322 through port 324) into the fluent substance as it passes through the chamber. While a variety of gases are contemplated, by way of example, one might infuse oxygen, hydrogen, or helium gas, depending upon the fluent substance and how it will be later used. As used throughout "enzymic agent" includes stationary antibodies selected to react with target component molecules of the fluent substance. Radiation may include irradiating a monomer of the fluent substance such that a polymeric reaction is initiated within chamber 115/215, for the chem-mechanical alteration. Additionally, for example, a radiation source 320 may be employed to selectively destroy a target cell which is a component of the fluent substance. Further unique, where a preparation contained in vessel 230 is stable, and a final product for use 250 requires further reaction into an unstable substance unsuitable for storage with vessel 230, the novel cartridge is utilized for chem-mechanical alteration via employing an inorganic catalyst (e.g., lead, zinc, etc.) to expedite an inorganic reaction that occurs within chamber 115/215, producing the desired final substance ready for dosing. Certain features of FIGs.1C - IE are further described in published pat. app. US 2003/0080140 Al (issued as U.S. Pat.6,729,369) reference herein; as labeled FIGs. 1C - IE of the instant application are referred to, respectively, as FIGs. 6 - 8 below: ***start quote from U.S. Pat. NQ 6,729,369*** DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As identified above, the handling difficulties encountered by using typical hard- walled container packaging and transport systems currently in use are not hard to imagine: The glass bottles (10) having removable caps (11) often break during shipping; and for those bottles 10 packed well enough in heavy-sturdy cardboard boxes (12) with packing material (FIG. 1 ) to make it to a destination site in-tact, there are handling concerns along the production line related to storage, pulling of stock. . . The preferred vessel 30 illustrated in FIG.6 has an upper-end 37 and a lower- portion 39 having at least one port 36 through which the fluent substance is dispensed. Port 36 is in communication with a primary flow channel 34B and an interlocking pinch-clip valve 34A that is engaged to pinch the walls of tubing 34D connected to port 36 via suitable unitary connector 34C. At some point downstream from port 36 (for example, at the point connector 34C has been positioned), a flowmeter device can be readily added to measure flow out of vessel 30; this flow measurement can readily be converted into a measurement of volume dispensed. Devices that take measurements of fluid flow through an orifice of known diameter are available on the market. Alternatively, the vessel may be made with a single piece of tubing an end of which is hermetically sealed directly to the lower-end 35 (eliminating the use of connector 34C). Many suitable connectors and valves may be employed to control the flow along flexible tubing 34D, such as the unitary plastic valve shown at 34A (pinch-clamp distributed by Fresenius Medical Care AG). Here, upper-end 37 and a lower-end 35 of lower-portion 39 have been hermetically formed from polymeric tubular stock material such that: preferably at least the front of the vessel 30 is transparent for viewing the level of its contents; and a pillow-shaped volume of vessel 30 has been formed between ends 35 and 37 having a capacity greater than that required to contain the preselected amount. Also, primary flow channel 34B has been hermetically sealed to prevent leakage and a support opening 38 is integrated within upper-end 37. Although not shown specifically, here, primary flow channel 34B could readily be sealed to extend from along a sidewall of vessel 30. Port 36 can be used for filling, as well as the dispensing, of vessel 30; alternatively, a second port 32A in communication with a second flow channel 32B may be desired for filling, and once the vessel has been filled, this second flow channel can be permanently or temporarily blocked. An indicia 31 is affixed to vessel 30 by suitable means such as stick-backed label, silkscreened onto the flexible wall, connected by way of a pull-tag secured through opening 38, and so on. The indicia can, without being overly large in size, contain many different pieces of valuable information about the vessel 30, its contents, and the purchaser of the filled vessel 30, including a package serial number (PSN) tying the vessel to a lot-number of the batch from which it was manufactured/filled, shelf-life, the stock material used to form the vessel, and so on. The value of indicia 31 can be better appreciated in . . . One of several preferred support framework structures is shown at 40 in FIG. 6. It is not critical to have such a framework, especially if the vessel is formed into a shape that is self-supportive and can remain oriented for dispensing. Framework 40 is formed of forward and aft walls (41 and 42 respectively) and side strut- walls (43, 44) which have been adhesively interconnected, plus a lower aperture 46 through which a primary flow channel can fit for dispensing the fluent substance. Here, for viewing the level of fluent substance in vessel 30, framework walls 41, 42, 43, 44 have been made of a transparent, plastic-resin material having sufficient structural integrity to orient vessel 30 upright. FIG. 7 illustrates an alternative vessel 50 of the invention formed between ends 57 and 55 having indicia 51 and primary flow channel 54B. Flexible tubing 54D may have an integral connector-piece 54C as shown to connect the tubing to the dispensing port. A valve 54A for controlling the dispensing has a knurled set-screw 54E for pinching tubing 54D to stop flow of the substance contained in vessel 50. Second flow channel 52B communicates with a second port 52A for filling along direction (arrow 54); and once filled, suitable plug such as that labeled 53 may be employed to temporarily or permanently block channel 52B. Vessel 50 is oriented by framework 60 having a weighted base 65 and stand 64. Upper-end 57 can be 'pinched" between forward and aft fingers (61 and 62), having first been opened by pivoting the fingers at hinge 63. FIG. 8 illustrates yet another novel apparatus of the invention wherein vessel 80 with indicia 81 and primary flow channel 84 is hung on a projection 91 of framework 90 having a stand 94 and a base 95 with rollers/wheels at 96 for moving the framework 90 from station-to-station within the production/test process, and dispensing, for example, into a container 89. ***start quote from U.S. Pat. NQ 6,729,369***

As mentioned, the shape of apparatus housing 210 will depend upon, among other things, the required flow rate as well. For example, if a fast flow rate is needed for dispensing, then the device might have a large diameter of sorbent packing (shapes within chamber 215) where there would be less back pressure. In contrast, if flow rate is not an issue because the instrument that the bag is connected to has a pumping system then the device diameter could be small for cost savings and greater exposure efficiency to the sorbent packing.

EXAMPLE 1. A chemical solution of 80% Acetonitrile, 20% water, and 1.8% Formic Acid was filled into a flexible-vessel. Information regarding chemical extractables from this 5 L flexible polymer bag appearing in the contained solution over time, in the form of a LC-MS scan two weeks after the filling date (LC-MS is an analytical technique that is able to separate individual chemical molecules in a liquid matrix and ultimately identify what those molecules are) indicated that: There was no sign of extractables after two weeks. EXAMPLE 2. FIG. 2 depicts results/ information regarding the use of an SPE sorbent packing for removal of extractables migrating from the polymer film of a flexible walled bag. USP Pharmaceutical Grade water was incubated in a flexible walled bag for two years. Afterward, the water was tested for extractables by measuring its absorption of ultraviolet (UV) light at a wavelength of 250 ran (this is a common wavelength used in HPLC analysis). FIG. 2 represents results wherein ~ 60% of the extractables were removed by gravity flow through a reaction chamber of the contaminated water through media comprising a SPE sorbent packing of Divinyl Benzene (DVB). As demonstrated, extractable contamination from flexible walled polymer bags can be removed from their contained solution. Flexible-walled vessels may be fabricated out of a wide variety of specifically designed flexible polymer films. For example a film designed to specifically inhibit the passage of a gas, such as air, or a specific air molecule like CO2 (known to have a large amount of extractable molecules in the matrix) may now be used in analysis or patient treatment since the extractable molecules could be removed by a device containing a specific "designer" bead-shapes (e.g., SPE sorbent) packing. Supportive background references are listed, by way of technical reference only, below: (1) Selective Sorbentsfor Solid-Phase Extraction Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, LCGC Volume 19 No. 9 (September 2001). (2) New Designs and Formats in Solid-Phase Extraction Sample Preparation, LCGC Volume 19 No. 7 (July 2001). (3) The Application Notebook— February 2004 Waters Innovative SPE Technology: Ultra Low Elution Volumes and No Evaporation Steps. (4) Mobile-Phase Cleanup Using Solid-Phase Extraction Disks, LCGC North America Volume 21 No. 2 (February 2003). (5) SPE Method Improves Drug Analysis, Chemistry/ Analytical Instruments (November/ December 2000). (6) Gel Filtration Chromatography with Biocompatible, SUPELCO Bulletin 891 A (1997 Sigma- Aldrich Co.). (7) two 2-pg articles Troubleshooting, 576, 577 LC Volume 3 No.7 (dated?) and 640, 642 LC-GC Volume 11, No. 9 (September 1993). (8) Troubleshooting, 202, 204, 208 LC-GC Volume 14, No. 3 (March 1996). (9) Fat Soluble Vitamin Analyses by HPLC, SUPELCO The Reporter Volume 15 No. 5 T296045 (1996, Sigma-Aldrich Co.). (10) 2-pg DATA SHEET Procedures for Preparing and Using Columns of Amberlite XAD, Diaion, Dowex, MCI GEL, Sepabeads, and Supelite DAX Adsorbent Resins, (1998, Sigma-Aldrich Co.). (11) Determination of Common Inorganic Anions in Environmental Waters Using a Hydroxide Selective Column, LCGC North America Volume 22 No.2 (February 2004). (12) Speciation Studies of Metal Ions in Environmental and Biological Media Using Supported Liquid Membrane Extraction, LCGC North America Vol.22 No.2 (Feb 2004). (13) single-page article Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) for the Selective Solid Phase Extraction of Clenbuterol from Biological Samples, A. Blomgren et al. MIP Technologies, Sweden (date?). (14) Evaluating the Isolation and Quantification of Sterols in Seed Oils by SoUd- Phase Extraction and Capillary Gas-Liquid Chromatography, LCGC Volume 18 No. 11 (November 2000). (15) Opportunities for PVC Replacement in Medical Solution Containers, L. Czuba, Medical Device & Diagnostic Industry Magazine (MD&DI) (April 1999) printed from www.devicelink.com on 27 March 2004. (16) Improved baselines in gradient elution, P.L. Zhu et ah, Journal of Chromatography A, 718 (1995) 429 - 435.

i6 (17) Listing from Phenomenex of several commercially-available bonded phases for HPLC suitable for use as trapping media according to the invention. (18) Reissued US Patent NQ 34,910 (Funkenbusch et al.) having technical discussion and background information regarding the operation of one type of HPLC machine (FIG. 1). As quoted in connection with HPLC columns: The present carbon-clad ZrO.sub.2 particles may be used as an adsorbent; e.g., for gas or liquid purification. Further, the present carbon-clad ZrO.sub.2 particles can be formed into a bed, and employed as the stationary phase in separations performed via chromatography, e.g., by gas, liquid, or super-critical fluid chromatography. Therefore, the particles can be used as the stationary phase in conventional chromatography columns which have an axial flow path, with or without rigid walls. For example, the particles, preferably spherules, can be packed into an HPL C column, where the packing functions as the stationary phase during HPLC separations. The carbon-clad particles of the present invention can also be combined with a suitable binder and used to coat a glass or plastic substrate to form plates for thin-layer chromatography. In addition to their utility in chromatographic applications, the present carbon-clad ZrO.sub.2 particles may be useful as an adsorptive medium in non-chromatographic applications <END QUOTE> (19) US Patent N° 5,305,232 discusses design and operation of another type of chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), which uses a column. (20) US Patent Ne 6,342,161 Bl regarding the design and operation of another type of chromatography, Matched Ion Polynucleotide Chromatography (MIPC), which uses a column with a separation medium (discussed in cols. 6 - 7).

While certain representative embodiments and details have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the invention, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications, whether specifically or expressly identified herein, may be made to these representative embodiments without departing from the novel core teachings or scope of this technical disclosure. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the claims. Although the commonly employed preamble phrase "comprising the steps of" may be used herein, or hereafter, in a method claim, the Applicants do not intend to invoke 35 U.S.C. §112 \ 6. Furthermore, in any claim that is filed herewith or hereafter, any means-plus-function clauses used, or later found to be present, are intended to cover at least all structure(s) described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures.