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Title:
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
Document Type and Number:
WIPO Patent Application WO/1992/016730
Kind Code:
A1
Abstract:
The invention refers to a two or four stroke internal combustion engine, having either spark or compression ignition, with centralized transmission of the pressure force from the pistons, destined for use in the most diverse fields: automobile and tractor industry, locomotives, ships, self-propelled agricultural machinery, power generators, etc. In the present invention in order to increase the efficiency of the transformation of the linear movement of the pistons into rotation movement of the crankshaft, the middle points of the connection bridges (6) are articulated by means of bridge bolts (7) to balance diagonals (8), which oscillate coaxially with the bearing journals of the crankshaft (9), on whose maneton freely rests by means of bushings (11) the crank end of a connecting rod (10), while the crosshead end of a connecting rod is freely pinned to one of the piston bolts (5).

Inventors:
MARINESCU DUMITRU (RO)
Application Number:
PCT/RO1992/000006
Publication Date:
October 01, 1992
Filing Date:
March 19, 1992
Export Citation:
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Assignee:
MARINESCU DUMITRU (RO)
International Classes:
F02B75/22; F02B75/32; F02B75/02; F02B75/18; (IPC1-7): F02B75/22; F02B75/32
Foreign References:
DE2720357A11978-11-16
FR866060A1941-06-16
US4093405A1978-06-06
US1594045A1926-07-27
US3274982A1966-09-27
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Claims:
CLAIMS
1. Two or four stroke internal combustion engine, with either spark or compression ignition, having four working volumes of cylindrical shape situated in the same plane and radially disposed with a shift of 90 in the cylinder block, in which volumes glide in a radial translation movement pistons equiped with fire, watertight and lubricating rings, and whose piston bolts are interconnected by means of con¬ necting bridges, the engine beeing characterized by the fact that, in order to increase the efficiency of the transfor a tion of the linear movement of the pistons into rotation mo¬ vement of the crank shaft, the middle points of the connec¬ ting bridges (6) are articulated by means of bridge bolts (7 to Dalance diagonals (8) , which oscilate coaxially with the Dearing journals of the crank shaft (9), on whose maneton freely rests by means of bushings (11) the crank end of a connectingrod (lθ) , while the crosshead end of the connec¬ tingrod is freely pinned to one of the piston bolts (5).
2. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that, the distance between the axes of the bridge bolts (7) , measured along the projections of the balance diagonals (8) on the plane of the reference circle equals the diameter of the reference circle, the lenght of the connecting bridges (6) measured along the axes of the piston bolts (5) is also equal to this diameter, and the oscilation centres of the connecting bridges (6) , placed on the axes of the bridge bolts (7) , and the oscilation cen¬ tres of the balance diagonals (8) , placed on the axis of the Dearing journals of the crank shaft (9), are respectively equidistantly placed to the piston bolts (5) and to the Driαge bolts (7), being equal to the radius of the reference circle.
Description:
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

The invention refers to a two or four stroke internal combustion engine, having either spark or compression igni¬ tion, with centralized transmission of the pressure force from the pistons.

There are internal combustion engines which use indivi¬ dual crank and connecting-rod assemblies in order to trans¬ form translation movement into rotation movement. The indivi¬ dual mechanisms are cupled to each piston, and the dimensio¬ ning is made according to the maximum strains which appear during the active expansion stroke, such engines have disad¬ vantage that during passive strokes (sucktion, compression, exhaust) the mechanism becomes overdi ensioned and is an im¬ portant power consumer in order to keep moving relatively Dig inertial masses.

There also are internal comoustion engines with mecha¬ nisms transforming linear movement into rotation movement which consist of technical solutions which allow centralized transmission of the pressure force, and which are based on complex-shaped cams, fixly mounted on the driving shaft, and on the surface of these cams press rolls placed in the joint points of the connecting elements between the pistons, such solutions have the disadvantage that they are characterized Dy nigh contact pressures between the rolls and the cam's profiles and by high peripheral roll speeds, which affect the efficiency of the transformation of linear movement into ro¬ tation movement.

The purpose of this invention is increasing the effici¬ ency of the transformation of translation movement of the υistons into rotation movement of the crank snafts.

The problem which this invention solves is conceiving an internal combustion engine with wide technical applicability, naving a simple and robust mechanism with kinematical and dy¬ namical features fit to the purpose of efficient transforma¬ tion of the power rezulted from the burning of the fuel mix- ture into useful work at the driving shaft.

This invention removes the previously described disad¬ vantages by the fact that : the middle points of the connec¬ ting Dridges a re articulated by the means of bridge bolts with balance diagonals which oscilate coaxially with the bea- ring journals of the crank shaft, on whose maneton the crank end of a connecting-rod freely rests by means of bushings, while the crosshead end of the connecting-rod is freely pin¬ ned to one of the piston bolts; the distance between the axes of the bridge bolts measured along the projections of the Dalance diagonals on the plane of the reference circle equals the diameter of this circle, the lenght of the connecting Dridges measured between the axes of the piston bolts is also equal to this diameter; the oscilation centres of the connec¬ ting bridges placed on the axes of the bridge bolts and the oscilation centres of the balance diagonals placed on the axis of the bearing journals of the crank shaft are respecti¬ vely equidistantly placed to the piston bolts and to the briαge bolts, the distances being equal to the radius of the reference circle.

The invention presents the following advantages:

- ensures the increase of the efficiency of the transformation of linear movement of the pistons into rota¬ tion movement of the crank shaft;

- creates optimal conditions for switching to low working levels, with piston stroke/cylinder diameter ratios smaller than one;

- allows diminishing of the component of the pressure force which pushes the piston on the inner surface of the cylinαer; _ increases the functioning time of the engine until

trie occurrence of the maximum allowed wears.

We shall now present an example of the invention's imple¬ mentation in connection with figures 1 and 2 which represent;

- fig.l -cross section of the internal combustion en- 7u gine wich is the object of the invention;

- fig. -the scheme of the geometrical relations in the quarter of the circle which are used in the invention.

The internal combustion engine with centralized trans¬ mission of the pressure force from the pistons consists of a

75 cylinder block 1, with a number of working cylinders 2, for in¬ stance four cylinders radially disposed in the same plane, with a shift of a quarter of circle between their axes, in each of the cylinders 2 there is a piston 3, with a radial translation movement, which has fire, watertight and lubri-

8o eating rings 4. piston bolts 5 are fixed in the pistons' bos- sages. On the middle part of the bolt 5 are freely mounted the ends of connecting bridges 6, whose middle point are arti¬ culated by means of bridge bolts 7, with the ends of two ba¬ lance diagonals 8, mounted with their centres coaxial with

65 the bearing journals of crank shaft 9, with oscilation allo¬ wed.

The suggested invention is based on the properties of the segments delimited by the extreme radiuses of a quarter of a circle and their extensions and are either tangent or se-

90 cant to the circumference of the quarter of a circle, and from with the extensions of the extreme radiuses angles equal to the angle between the radius corresponding to the point of tangence or to the point of intersection with the secant and the closest extreme radius of the quarter of a circle, that

95 is: all segments defined as above have constant length, which is equal to the circle's diameter; the locus of the middle points of these segments is placed on the circumference of the quarter of circle; the locus of the ends of these segments is placeo on the extreme radiuses of the quarter of a circle and ICC tneir extensions towarαs the exterior of the circle.

in the pistons connecting mechanism with we described, the above properties result in the fact that the length of the balance diagonals 8, measured on their projection in the plane in which the cylinders are placed between the axes of the bri-

105 age Dolts 7, and the length of the connecting bridges 6, mea¬ sured on their projection in the plane of the axes of the piston bolts 5, are both equal to the reference circle's dia¬ meter. The centre of this circle is placed on the axis of the bearing journals of the crank shaft 9, in the plane in which llO working cylinders 2 are placed, and the circumference of the circle passes through the axes of the bridge bolts 7.

By means of a bolt 5 of one of the pistons 3, is freely pinned the crosshead end of a connecting-rod lo, while the crank end is freely mounted on the maneton of the crank shaft 115 9, by means of connecting-rod bushings 11. The bearing jour¬ nals of the crank shaft 9, placed in bearing bushings 12, are freely pinned in the cylinder block 1, which consists of four iαentical elements, fixly assembled by means of assembly or¬ gans.

120 The centralized transmission of the pressure force from the pistons only one connecting-rod, according to this con¬ struction solution, provides proper conditions for obtaining piston stroke/cylinder diameter ratios smaller than one.

Depending on the way the ignition is realised -spark or 125 compression ignition- and on the number of strokes, the other parts of the engine and auxiliary equipment are similar to those of normal engines, with changes specific to the cons¬ tructive structure of the engine proposed for certification. The only exception is the distribution mechanism in which the 130 opening and closing of the inlet and exhaust valves is con¬ trolled, in the case of the four stroke engine, by two cams placeα on an axis coupled coaxially with the driving shaft 9, on the side opposed to the flywheel, with a transmission ratio of 1/2. in the two stroke engine having only one valve, we can 135 use one cam only placed right on the driving shaft.

Tne functioning of the internal combustion engine, with centralized transmission of the pressure force from pistons, presents the following particular features: by burning the fuel mixture in the combustion chambers, the pressure exer-

140 ted on the active surface of the pistons 3 determins a pres¬ sure force which, by means of the piston bolts 5, is trans¬ mitted from the pistons without connecting-rod through the connecting bridges 6 to the bolt of the piston with connec¬ ting-rod, and from here, by means of the connecting-rod lo,

145 to the crank shaft 9, and from the piston with connecting- rod is directly transmitted by means of connecting-rod lo to the crank shaft 9.

in both cases, by means of the connecting-rod lo only that part of the pressure force which is transformed into

150 useful gyration moment is selectively transmitted to the crank shaft 9. The part used to create the passive strokes (sucktion, compression, exhaust) is transmitted directly from the active piston to the pistons which realize such strokes by means of the connecting bridges 6. The component of the

155 pressure force which pushes the piston 3 on the inner surface of the cylinder 2 disappears completely at the pistons wit¬ hout a connecting-rod, and from the piston having a connect¬ ing-rod this component is simultaneously divided to the four cylinders by means of the connecting bridges 6, thus repre-

160 senting only about a quarter of the similar force which ap¬ pears in engines equiped with individual connecting-rods. Also, because all strokes at the connecting-rod are active, Dut with a change of sense, the place in which the force nor¬ mal to the cylinder is applied is no longer the same, repre-

165 senting successively two opposed areas on the lateral surface of the cylinders.

The engine according to the invention is destined for use in the most diverse fields: automobile and tractor industry, locomotives, ships, self-propelled agricultural machinery, 170 road construction and construction machinery, power gene¬ rators, etc.




 
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