Technical Field The present invention relates to apparatus for simultaneousl shaping the ends of lengths of pipe and severing these lengths frα continuous tube being generated by a tube making machine. This tub making machine forms tube of selected diameters in virtually unlimite length by wrapping a ribbon of thermoplastic extrusion around a mandre or series of mandrels. This extruded ribbon of thermoplastic materia includes first and second edges vtfαich are abutted one against the othe in a spiral in order to form a substantially imperforate pipe. Thes first and second edges have mating shapes to provide an interlockin function. The ribbon further includes at least cne upstanding, radially extending rib vAoich results in the ^* spirally formed pipe havin greater rigidity or resistance to crushing forces than vould a pipe of uniform vail thickness based on equivalent material/unit length. Due to the peculiar surface profile provided to the thus fabricated pipe, and due to the feet that the pipe progresses frαn the pipe forming machine along its longitudinal axis while simultaneously rotating about that axis, unusual problems arise concerning forming pipe sections of predetermined lengths. In order to meet reasonable production rates, the continuous tube must be cut into pipe section without interrupting the roductio of the tube itself. Once severed, these pipe sections require further alteration before they can be practically used in the field. The radially extending spiral-form ribs progressing along the outside of the pipe, while having great advantage in imparting strength, ccπplicate the interfitting of the pipe to form a useful fluid conduit.

DescriD —tion of Prior Art

There have been many examples in the prior art of attempts to utilize the benefits of forming jjπperforate conduit frcm a spirally- wound extruded strip of thermoplastic material.

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Uhited States Patent No. 3,914,147 discloses a machine for continuously forming a spirally-formed tube from an extruded ribbon of thermoplastic material. FIG. 6 of this patent shows a device for severing the thus produced tube as it progresses from the disclosed pipe forming machine. This severing system includes a scanning device viiich apparently senses the rate of movement of tube along its longitudinal axis. This scanning device supplies an electrical signal to a servo motor vSiich controls the traveling speed of a sawing mechanism in order to permit the sawing mechanism to cut through the cylindrical wall of the tube.

United States Patent No. 3,635,505 embraces a system of connecting lengths of pipe having a spirally extending rib characteristic of spirally-^wound plastic pipe. This patent advocates the use of the spirally progressing channel formed by the space between adjacent sprial ribs to contain a specially configured sealing element. In order to provide a continuous sealing abutment between the outer surface of the pipe having a spiral rib and the inner suface of a similar pipe having been belled to contai an end of a pipe of similar diameter, a notch is cut across one of the ribs at an angle to the spirally progressing channel. This permits the placement of the specially formed sealing element having a corresponding angular step. When correctly assembled, this right angled step of the sealing element passes through the notch cut through one or more of the sprial wraps of the rib. Brief Suπmary of the Invention

It is an object of this invention to provide apparatus for cutting a continuously formed tube into predetermined sections and shaping the ends of the cut sections as the continuously formed tube progresses from a machine for forming this tube frcm a spirally-wound ribbon of extruded plastic material.

It is another object of the invention to provide a method for severing and shaping at least one end of a pipe cut frcm a tube formed of a spirally-wsund ribbon of extruded plastic material, this shaping taking place as the tube progresses frcm a tube forming machine.

It is another object of this invention to provide apparatus vftiic precisely locates a cutting device proximate to a preselected

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portion of tube as it progresses frcm a spirally-wound plastic tube forming machine in order to permit this cutting device to sever predetermined lengths of this tube without interrupting the continuous production of tube by the tube forming machine. It is another object of the invention to provide a pipe having its outer wall including radially extending spirally-wound ribs to reinforce the wall of the pipe, each section of the thus reinforced pipe having ends of precisely contoured form and at least one of these ends having an annular groove with discontinuous sides formed therein. The instant invention provides a device which, without interrupting the progression of spirally-formed plastic tube of the above outlined type, simultaneously severs the thus produced tube into pipe sections of predetermined length and shapes the ends of the pipes in order to facilitate the forming of practical, generally fluid-tight connections between similar pipe sections.

More specifically, the instant invention includes means for cutting at least one path in a selected portion of the tube as it progresses frαn the pipe forming machine. This .cutting means is rroved along the axis of the pipe at a rate exactly equal to the rate of progression of the tube out of the tube forming machine. Thus the cutting means is motionless relative to the tube as it moves along its longitudinal axis. This permits the cutting means to utilize the rotational movement of the tube to make the required cuts into the wall of the tube. However, since this cutting means serves also to shape the pipe ends formed by this cutting operation, -die portions of tube on both sides of the cutting πeans must be maintained at substantially the same position relative to one another. That is, these two sections of tube, i.e., that portion of tube progressing frcm the tube forming machine and that portion of tube undergoing the severing cperation, must be held such that relative notion between -he tube and the pipe section is substantially eliminated, at least during the cutting and shaping operation.

Clearly such relative motion is not a problem vΛiile the structure of the tube itself transmits the translation and rotational notion. This condition exists tip until the πcment at which the cutting means has substantially completed severing the pipe section from the tube progressing frcm the tube forming machine. However, since the

cutting means performs more than just a severing function, the lack of relative movement between the tube and the pipe section must be maintained until the oσrpletion of all of the shaping operations of the cutting means. Hence, means, other than the selected portion of the tube itself, is provided for transnitting the rotational motion of the tube to the pipe section being shaped and severed.

The instant invention provides rollers vhich grip the outer circumference of the tube en both sides of the portion of the tube through v*ύch the cutting device will pass to cut at least one path in the circumference of the tube. These rollers have their axes aligned with the longitudinal axis of the tube in order to permit the tube to rotate about its longitudinal axis, but prevent relative motion along that longitudinal axis between the rollers and the tube itself. The cutting device and these rollers are interconnected in such a vay that the rollers maintain this precise and constant relationship between the longitudinally progressing tube and the cutting device. The rollers also locate the outer circumference of the tube to permit the cutting means to make the necessary precise alterations to the end surfaces of the tube and the pipe section. Also, since these rollers span the severing cut made in the selected portion of the tube, they transmit the rotational motion of the tube (as it progresses frσn the tube forming machine) to the pipe section being severed. This permits the cutting means to continue to shape the ends of both -he tube and the pipe section despite the fact that, but for the action of the gripping rollers, one of these ends would otherwise cease to rotate at the proper rate for at least a portion of this shaping operation.

Brief Description of the Drawings FIG. 1 is a side elevation partially in section shewing the adjoining ends of two pipe sections;

FIG. 2 is a side elevation partially in section showing cutting means and the ends of the pipe section and tube which have just been cut and shaped _?

FIG. 3 is a preferred spiral tube forming machine in conjunction with a preferred embodiment of the cutting and end shaping apparatus;

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FIG. 4 is a cross section IV-IV of the thermoplastic ribbon as it is extruded by the tube forming machine of FIG. 3;

FIGS. 5 and 6 show the cutting and end shaping apparatus in detail. Detailed Description of the Invention

Referring to FIG. 1, the interengaging end portions of two pipe sections according to the instant invention are shown. These pipe sections include spirally progressing upstanding ribs 3 an the outer surface -thereof. Pipe section 1 terminates in vδiat is typically referred to as a spigot end and the right end of pipe section 2 has been formed into a shape typically referred to as a bell end 12. Spaced inwardly frαn end surface 4 of pipe section 1 is annular groove 6. When placed in cperative relationship with bell end 12 of pipe section 2, annular groove 6 normally contains O-ring 8. Of course ^' member 8 could have other configurations than that of an -ring, since virtually any configuration can be accαmodated by the instant invention. It has been found that the distance frcm end surface 4 to annular groove 6 should be such that there exists therebetween an adequate πuπtoer of portions of upstanding ribs 3 so as to retain O-ring 8 in groove 6 'during installation as well as during the cperation of the pipe. This distance will be defined hereinafter.

At the end surface 4 of pipe section 1, as well as the corresponding end surface at the bell portion 12, there are specially shaped portions. Shaped portion 11 adjacent end surface 4 is a beveled or chamfered edge. This shape reduces the sharp edges generated by the cutting through of the ribs 3 at surface 4 vΛύch vrould otherwise project or overhang the end of the pipe. Such edges, if not removed in this manner, could constitute a hazard during handling, shipping and installation of pipe section 1. Similarly, and indeed perhaps more iπportantly, shaped portion 13 at the end surface 5 of bell end 12 removes the hazardous sharp edges which would otherwise intersect the end of bell end 12. Bell end 12 could include a flared out portion adjacent the shaped portion 13. If the sharp edges of the ribs in this area were not triπmed back in shaped portion 13, they would extend a considerable distance beyond the outermost circumference defined by this frusto-conical section, constituting a considerable hazard during shipping, handling and installation.

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FIG. 3 shows an apparatus for making the tube frαn which pipe sections shown in FIG. 1 are made. Tube making machine 10 which generates a continuous length of spirally-^wound plastic tube generally consists of two main portions: a thermcplastic extruder 10a and a winding device 10b. Thermcplastic extruder 10a generates a continuous ribbon of thermoplastic material having a predetermined cross-section. This predetermined cross-section is formed by an extruding die in a manner well known in the art. The thermoplastic ribbon passing through the extruding die is subsequently preferably cooled by cooling die lOg so as to place it in a plastic but generally a self-supporting condition. Ihe ribbon passes frcm the extruder 10a to the winding device 10b. Device 10b of tube making machine 10 can take several forms. Cne example is that shown in United States Patent No. 2,398,876, wherein a πuπiber of rotating spindles form the generally cylindrical wall by stretching from the inside. Another example is the device shorn in United States Patent No. 2,994,104, therein the thermoplastic extrusion is shaped to its spiral form by an annular coiling member which is coaxially positioned around a single cylindrical rotating core bar. Another example of a pipe making machine is shown in previously cited United States Patent No. 3,914,147.

Preferably however, winding device 10b has a single mandrel 10c with a cylindrical portion corresponding substantially to the desired interior dimension of the tubing to be formed. The mandrel 10c does not rotate to pull the ribbon R in its spiral interlocking path. This wrapping function is instead performed by endless belt lOd which is looped around the outer surface of tubing T and around drive pulleys lOe. The belt lOd is tensioned to grip tubing T, such that the looped portion both rotates the tubing T as belt lOd is pulled by drive pulleys lOe (positioned either above and below tube T, or on either side as shewn) and provides tube T with longitudinal motion along its axis. This endless belt system is not per se new, and has been used for seme time for making spiral wound paper cylinders as disclosed in U.S. Patent 2,737,091. In this particular belt configuration, drive pulley lOe can be adjusted in a generally lateral direction. This adjustment alters the distance between drive pulleys and thus changes the size of the tube engaging loco of belt lOd. In

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this way, different tube diameters can be accαiniodated. The position of drive pulleys lOe relative to one another along the direction o the axis of tube T can also be adjusted. This adjustment changes th pitch of the portion of belt lOd which locps around tube T. In thi way, the amount tube T progresses along its longitudinal axis relativ to each rotation around that axis can be altered. This permits matin edges of ribbon R to be brought together for interlocking engagemen at the same position on mandrel 10c. Interlocking is brought abou preferably with the aid of roller means lOf v*ιich rides on the surface of the ribs on either side of the mating edges to aid in guiding thes edges together. The mating edges are bonded together with heat, solvent type bonding system, or a reactive type bonding material applied via tube lOh.

FIG. 4 is a more detailed showing of the cross section IV-I in FIG. 3. Thermoplastic extrusion R in this particular embodiment includes ten ribs 3 projecting at right angles to the outwardly facing surface 15 of web 14. First rating edge 3e includes an upstanding portion which permits second mating edge 3e' to be received therein. This upstanding portion projects outwardly a distance equivalent to ribs 3. Thus, seam structure 3s (FIG.l), defined by the mating edges v en bonded together in the spiral wound configuration, constitutes a rib structure similar in radial dimension to ribs 3. The seam 3s adds to the overall strength of the tube and can be shaped and cut in a manner identical to ribs 3. Of course, extrusion R could have other configurations with different numbers and dimensions of ribs, thickness and width of web 14, etc. These parameters would depend on the diameter and strength of tubing to be formed, thermoplastic material used, and to & t use the tubing would ultimately be put. The particular embodiment of ribbon R shown is used in forming a sewer pipe of eight-inch nαninal diameter having solvent bonded seam 3s. It is contemplated that the disclosed invention could be equally applicable to other and more particularly larger size pipe, requiring primarily only a change of extrusion dies, winding mandrel lOe, and the position of drive pulleys lOe to permit making the larger diameter tubing.

Adjacent to pipe making machine 10 and aligned along the axis of the spirally-wcund tube emanating frcm tube wrapping machine

10b is pipe cutting and end shaping aans 30 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. Means 30 is supported on rails 40 in order to permit 30 to move in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of tube T. This longitudinal movement is necessary since tube T moves at a substantially fixed rate along that longitudinal axis as the thermoplastic ribbon is wound in a spiral manner by tube winding device 10b. Means 30 includes frame member 33 rigidly attached to slide devices 33a and 33b, vhich slide devices in turn ride en rail members 40. Supported on frame 33 is movable carriage device 32 vάiich in turn supports motor 31. Mtor 31 rotates cutting and shaping blade 20 at relatively high speed, which blade is moved by carriage 32 frcm a first position alongside tube T to a second position wherein blade 20 contacts a selected portion of tube T in order to cut the desired end configuration and sever tube T into pipe sections. The particular configuration of movable carriage 32 can take several forms as best seen in FIG. 4; however, carriage 32 is pivσtally attached to and moves longitudinally with frame 33. Carriage 32 pivots to place blade 20 into contact with tube T and out of such contact by cperation of hydraulic motor 32a. Operatively associated with movable frame 33 and en cne side of tube T are tube engaging rollers 35. They are shown as generally cylindrical elongated rollers and, although they are not visible in FIG. 5, span either side of the portion of tube T vhich is intended to be .cut, and indeed during cperation of these rollers will be cut by a cutting device 20. Rollers 36 adjacent the side having cutting device 20 thereon also span this portion of tube T although upper roller 36 may be divided into tw sections to permit the passage of cutting device 20 past the rollers and into the selected portion of tube T. Rollers 35 are mounted en movable arm 34 v ich is cperated by hydraulic cylinder 34a to bring rollers 35 into firm engagement with the vail of tώ>e T. Hydraulic motor 34a is cperated to move arm 34 to thus engage rollers 35 vrtien it is desired that these rollers grippingly engage the outer surface of ttfoe T defined by the ends of spirally positioned ribs 3. Rollers 35 and 36 are mounted for vertical adjustment along their respective movable arms to acccπrodate tubes of different diameters and to precisely hold the tube along the axis of mandrel 10c. In this particular βribodiment the rollers may be

a justed to accαmodate tubes frαπ 8" to 36" in diameter. A tube having a diameter of about 24" is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.

Rollers 35 and 36 could take a number of forms. It is desired however, that each roller should have a surface treatment v^hich vrould grip the outside surface of tube T firmly and prevent any relative longitudinal notion therebetween. This surface treatment may include an elastcmeric material such as rubber or synthetic plastic having a high coefficient of friction. Alternatively, these rollers may have a material providing a high surface texture such as abrasive particles or machined grooves and splines to grip firmly without slipping the outer ends of spirally-progressing ribs and mating edges vrtiich define the outermost circumference of tube T. Thus by selecting the proper engaging pressure provided by hydraulic motor 34a, rollers

35 and 36 prevent relative longitudinal notion between apparatus 30 and tube T, viiile permitting tube T to rotate relative to apparatus

30 about its longitudinal axis.

So it can be seen that if rollers 35 and 36 engage tube T as outlined above, apparatus 30 will accompany tube T in its longitudinal progress away from tube making machine 10 along the direction of rails 40. In this operative condition, cutting means 20 is rotated by motor 31 and is moved frcm its first position alongside tube T to a second position therein it cuts the preselected portion of tube T thus forming the terminal edges of two pipes and providing a precisely defined annular groove as outlined supra. This is done by cperating hydraiiLic motor 32a to permit frame 32 to move towards tube T, bringing cutting device 20 into operative engagement.

Cutting device 20 together with motor 31 and frame 32 remain in the second operative position as outlined above for at least one revolution of tube T as it progresses from tube making machine 10. This permits cutting device 20 to make one uniform cut through the preselected portion of the wall of tube T. It is in this condition that tube engaging rollers 35, etc., permit the proper cαrpletion of this cut. As can be seen frcm FIGS. 5 and 6, and in more detail in FIG. 2, cutting device 20 consists of a nuπfcer of cutting blades. Saw blade 22, of a known type, has a fairly large diameter to assure complete severing of a pipe frcm the spirally-wound tube. Frusto- cαnical chambering blades 24 and 26, however, are substantially smaller

radius blades, since their function is to remove the projecting sharp edges resulting frcm the passage of blade 22 through upstanding ribs 3. On one side of the cut-off blade 22 and frusto-conical chamfer blades 24 and 26, there is positioned at a predetermined spaced distance a groove cutting blade 28. This blade is also of a radius smaller than saw blade 22 since it is intended only to remove material of the tube wall down to tube wall surface 15 (that is, cnly through iςsstanding ribs 3). In a preferred embodiment, blade 28 has an outside diameter of about 6.5", chamfer blades have cutting surfaces with an outside diameter of about 6.5" adjacent blade 22, cut-off blade 22 in contrast has an outside diameter of about 8". So it can be seen that as blade 22 severs the pipe frαn tube T, that pipe will, at seme time before tube T completes a complete 360 ^β rotation, be substantially free (i.e., mechanically disconnected) frcm tube T. Thus left to its own devices, the just severed pipe would cease to rotate resulting in incomplete shaping of the end of the pipe. However, rollers 35 and 36 span the preselected portion to be cut, and because of their non-slipping engagement with aid portions of both tube T and the thus just separated pipe, cause this pipe to continue to rotate at precisely the same rate as tube T as it progresses frcm tube making machine 10. Stated another way, rollers 35, etc., transmit the rotational motion of tube T to the severed pipe section during the end cutting cperation of blade 20 and the shaping operation of blades 24, 26 and 28.

FIG. 2 shows a typical portion bf the spirally-wound tube in cross-section after cutting device 20 has oαπpleted its severing and shaping function and is in the process of withdrawing to its first position adjacent the longitudinally moving tube. Shaped surfaces 11 and 13 adjacent the end surfaces generated by the passage of saw blade 22 result in a pipe structure which requires no further machining; needing only that a bell section 12 be provided by known therπo-deforming methods. Groove 6 extends through the intersecting ribs 3 and ά ^~ _* ^~~ to surface 15. It is inξortant that groove cutting blade 28 remove all the ribs 3 in this area down to surface 15 in order to provide a smooth uninterrupted annular seating surface for elastcmeric 0-ring 8. Since minor variations of wall thickness and circularity of tube T at groove 6 may result in inccπplete removal of fins 3 at the bottαn of groove 6, it is advisable to position groove

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cutting blade 28 such that a very small but insignificant portion of web 14 at surface 15 is removed in order to assure this smooth uninterrupted annular seating surface. This precise positioning of groove cutting blade 28 is accσπplished by adjustable stop means 40 which is fixedly attached to movable carriage 34 and selectively engages carriage 32 as shown in FIG. 6. The stop device 40 can be adjusted for a particular diameter of tube T. Once this is done the excursion of movable carriage 32 can be precisely controlled to in turn control the depth of groove 6 to obtain the desired -ring seating surface as outlined supra. This precise control is accomplished since step means 40 engages carriage 32, stopping its πovements tovards tube T at the proper position.

The shape of groove 6, is of course dictated in turn by the shape of blade 28, is preferably of hemicircular cross-section as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. This shape generally oαnfbr s to the contour of the 0-ring 8, thus limiting the displacement of 0-ring 8 frcm its preferred sealing relationship. This shape has further benefit in that it retains the maximum amount of ribs 3 in region of the groove 6. This is desirable since a great portion of the strength of the pipe is derived frαn the ribs 3. Of course, other shapes could be used in forming groove 6. For example, the groove could have a square or rectangular cross section. This shape would provide a broader uninterrupted annular sealing surface on which a sealing gasket such as 0-ring 8 could contact. It should be understood that the sealing gasket could have other configurations than that of the classic 0-ring. Other annular gaskets, for example having rectangular or flanged cross sections, may be more desirable, particularly where asseπbly effort and other factors are of major concern. Quite clearly, groove 6 should be spaced a selected distance frαn end surface 4. This is so since it is desired that O-ring 8 have at least same portion of fins 3 on both sides thereof to prevent mechanical displacement of the 0-ring 8 frcm groove 6. A sample pipe made in accordance with Applicants' invention has an inside diameter of 8". Web 15 has a thickness of about 0.125". Ribs 3 project about 0.200" above the outer surface of the \ ^~ b and form an angle of about 10 ^* to the groove 6, vhich is spaced about 0.375" frcm end surface

^• 4. The groove itself is about 0.400" wide and extends about 0.025 inches into the outer surface of web 15.

As pointed out supra, the edges of the ribbon R are formed so that their mating surfaces form spirally extending seam 3s similar in shape to ribs 3. This is desirable since such a seam would contribute not only the structural strength in the same manner as ribs 3, but would also contribute to forming the 0-ring retaining flange formed by the ribs 3 between groove 6 and end 4.

It should be understood that Applicant's invention is not limited to the particular dimension as set forth above, or to the particular configuration of spiral wound pipe as shown in the drawings. Nor is Applicant's invention limited to the particular configuration of the cutting means 20 and the resulting shaped and grooved portions generated by the cutter 20 as the pipe rotates. I may be desirable, for example, to provide a grooved cutting blade suc as blade 28 en both sides of the saw blade 22 in order to provide sealing ring groove adjacent both of the resulting pipe ends.

Alternatively, it may be desirable to eliminate the ring groove 6 entirely frαn both of the generated ends. In both of these cases, ^' it is essential that the portion of the tube T vhich is being severe to form a length of pipe be held by rollers 35 and 36 relative to the rotating and translating tube T in order to permit the cutting apparatus positioned on arm 32 to cαπplete its cutting and shaping cperation.

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