Technical Field

The present invention relates to a method and to an arrangement which will enable the use of a piston com- pressor pump in pumping preferably refrigerants of low boiling points, either in a liquid or a gaseous state, for instance freons, from a first refrigerant circuit or container to a second refrigerant circuit or container.

Background Prior Art

The developments of refrigerators and freezer systems have resulted in the extensive use of different types of freons as the refrigerating medium. When repairing and scrapping small refrigerating and freezer systems recovery of the refrigerant has been ignored, since there is no method by means of which the refrigerant can be recovered easily and quickly and at relatively low costs. Instead, these freons have been quite simply released into the atmosphere. In the case of larger systems, attempts have been made, in comparable situations, to recover as much of the refriger¬ ant as possible, with the aid of relatively expensive and unmanageable pistonless compressor pumps.

The recently recognized fact that freons have a harmful effect on the atmospheric protective ozone layer encircl¬ ing the earth has led to a demand for a reduction in freon emissions to atmosphere. This demand has led to the deve¬ lopment of freon suction devices, or freon-exhausterε, based on the use of piston compressors of the kind which are mass produced in large numbers, and therewith at rela¬ tively small costs, for use in conjunction with compressor

driven refrigerators and freezers. These freon suction devices, however, are only suitable for extracting freon in gas form, since liquid freon cannot be compressed and consequently the compressor will be seriously damaged if liquid freon should enter a working piston compressor. Consequently, when emptying such refrigerating systems, which contain freon in both a liquid and a gaseous state in different parts of the system, it is recommended that the system is emptied from the gas side and that the liquid freon is permitted to pass to a gaseous state in the system during the process of emptying the system. Such an emptying process will take a long time to complete, however, and is not entirely safe, since there is always a risk that liquid freon will enter the pump and cause serious pump damage.

Summary of the Invention

One object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus which will enable a refrigerating system to be emptied quickly and safely from both the gas and the liquid side thereof. Another object is to provide less costly, readily handled and readily transported freon suction devices, by enabling such devices to be con- structed with the aid of known, mass produced components. These objects are achieved in accordance with the inven¬ tion by means of an inventive method and arrangement having the characteristic features set forth in the following method and apparatus claims.

Brief Description of the Drawing

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 illustrates schematically an inventive method of pumping refrigerant from a refrigerating system to a

container with the aid of a piston compressor pump, and Figure 2 is a side view which illustrates schematically alternative positioning of the main components of an inventive arrangement.

Description of a Preferred Embodiment

Figure 1 illustrates schematically the inventive method of pumping refrigerant, e.g. freon, from a refrigerating . plant or system 9, only part of which is shown, to a container 8, and the reference numeral 1 in said Figure identifies a broken line surrounding a pump arrangement which includes those components necessary for carrying out the method. In addition to a piston compressor pump 2 and an oil separator 3 associated therewith, these components also include a heat exchanger 4 which is provided with two chambers or pipe systems, and a pressure reduction valve 5. One chamber of the heat exchanger 4 is connected in the pipe or line through which refrigerant is delivered to the compressor 2, i.e. the suction line 6, at a location close to the compressor, and the pressure reduction valve 5 is connected to the line 6 at a location upstream of the com¬ pressor as seen in the direction of refrigerant flow to the compressor. The pipe or line extending from the com- pressor 2, i.e. the pressure line 7, first passes through an oil separator 3, in which any oil present in the refri¬ gerant and picked up from the compressor is separated from the refrigerant and returned to the compressor. The refri¬ gerant is then passed to the other chamber of the heat exchanger 4, before it can be connected to a collecting container or cylinder 8.

The refrigerating plant 9, of which only part is shown and the operating principles of which are assumed to be known, includes a cooling compressor 12 which has a respective closure valve 10, 11 mounted on the suction and pressure

side thereof. With respect to the preferred state of the refrigerant in the refrigerating system of the plant 9, the refrigerating system can be divided into a gas side and a liquid side, with the compressor 12 and a system expansion valve (not shown) being arranged in the zones between said sides. The gas side is referenced A and the liquid side B and a broken line through the compressor 12 marks an imaginary boundary between these sides. For the purpose of transferring refrigerant to the container 8, the suction line 6 of the pump arrangement 1 is connected to both the gas side A and the liquid side B of the refri¬ gerating plant 9 by means of two branch lines 13 and 14. The refrigerating system can therewith be emptied of refrigerant either from solely the gas side A or solely the liquid side B or from both side A and side B simultan¬ eously, by adjusting the settings of valves 10 and 11 accordingly. When the system is emptied from the B-side, the refrigerant will arrive at the reduction valve 5 preferably under pressure and in a liquid state and a greater part of the refrigerant will be converted to gas form in the pressure reduction valve. The refrigerant then passes through one of the chambers of the heat exchanger 4, which operates in accordance with the counterflow prin¬ ciple and in which any liquid refrigerant in the refriger- ant flow will be progressively heated and therewith gasified. The refrigerant entering the compressor 2 is thus in a gaseous state and is compressed in the com¬ pressor and then passed to the oil separator 3, in which any oil present in the refrigerant is removed therefrom, whereafter the refrigerant is passed under pressure to the other chamber of the heat exchanger 4, where it is pro¬ gressively cooled to a liquid state such as to enable it to be fed into the container or cylinder 8. Thus, the refrigerant cooled by pressure reduction in the suction line 6 will be heated in the heat exchanger 4 by the refrigerant heated by compression in the pressure line at

the same time as the refrigerant in the pressure line 7 is cooled by the medium in the suction line 6.

Figure 2 is a side view which illustrates schematically an alternative positioning of the main components of an in¬ ventive pump arrangement enclosed in a casing 1. The pump arrangement includes a compressor 2, a pressure reduction valve 5, a heat exchanger 4 and an oil separator 3 and gaseous or liquid refrigerants arriving in the suction line 6 in the arrowed direction will first pass through the valve 5 and then through one chamber of the heat exchanger 4 and will enter the compressor 2 in a gaseous state. When the refrigerant leaves the compressor, in which the pressure of the refrigerant is increased, the refrigerant is passed through the oil separator 3 and from there to the other chamber of the heat exchanger, in which the refrigerant is cooled and preferably leaves the pressure line 7 in a liquid state.

Depending on the various factors involved, such as the boiling point of the medium to be pumped for instance, it may be necessary to supplement the pump arrangement 1 with auxiliary devices, for instance a drying filter on the suction side or a condenser on the pressure side. This latter auxiliary may be necessary when the heat exchanger does not cool the refrigerant adequately. The pressure reduction valve will also preferably be of a kind which can be set to desired pressure drops, so as to enable the pump arrangement to be used optimally with all types of refrigerant.