TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to a method of embedding an imaging device within a display module.

BACKGROUND

Driver' s monitoring is often being used to support other ve hicular functions, for example, to trigger vehicle safety warn ings or autonomous driving functions. To achieve driver's mon itoring, an imaging device is used to capture images of the driver's facial features, to determine state of drivers. Within an interior of a vehicle cabin, locations that are able to capture images of full facial features of a driver is limited and therefore, it is extremely challenging to find a suitable location to place the imaging device. Example of suitable lo cations will be around the cockpit area, for instance located at a rear-view mirror, within an instrument panel or a display unit .

To solve the problem of space constraints, one possible solu tion is to embed a camera within a display unit.

However, embedding a camera within a display unit leads to another problem, i.e. insufficiency of light rays from ambient reaching the camera. When there are insufficient light rays reaching the camera, the quality and resolution of images cap tured is poor and the driver' s monitoring function may become inaccurate . SUMMARY

A purpose of this disclosure is to solve the problem of space constraints within an interior of a vehicle cabin, for the purpose of selecting a position of an imaging device to, amongst others, capture image (s) of a driver for driver's mon itoring function.

Another purpose of this disclosure is to provide a solution to the problem of insufficient light rays reaching the imaging device, which compromises accuracy of driver's monitoring functions due to poor quality of image (s) captured.

Yet another purpose of this disclosure is to maintain the quality of image displayed on display units, despite having an imaging device embedded within the display unit.

According to a first aspect of this disclosure, a display unit is provided. The display unit comprises a liquid crystal layer, a plurality of optical layers and an imaging device, wherein the imaging device is at least partially embedded within the plurality of optical layers and aligned to a portion of the display unit, the portion configured to transmit more than 10% of light rays to the imaging device.

The portion may comprise an optically transparent substance configured to transmit light rays within a visible and infrared regions .

The light rays transmitted may have a wavelength within an infrared region. The imaging device may be arranged within any layer of the display unit or external of any layer of the display unit.

The imaging device may be arranged within the plurality of optical layers.

The plurality of optical layers may be arranged between the liquid crystal layer and the imaging device.

The imaging device may be arranged at least partially within the portion or entirely within the portion.

According to a second aspect of this disclosure, a method of assembling a display unit is provided. The method comprises: providing a liquid crystal layer (202), a plurality of optical layers and an imaging device aligned to a portion of the display unit; and configuring the portion to transmit more than 10% of light rays to the imaging device.

The configuring the portion of the display unit may further comprise injecting an optically transparent substance into the liquid crystal layer such that more than 10% of light rays passes through the optically transparent substance.

The optically transparent substance is configured to transmit light rays within a visible and infrared regions.

The optically transparent substance is configured to transmit light rays within an infrared region.

The configuring the portion of the display unit may further comprise placing a plurality of spacers within the liquid crystal layer, for partitioning the optically transparent substance from the liquid crystal layer. The configuring the portion may further comprise providing a cavity in the plurality of optical layers such that more than 10% of light rays passes through the cavity and the optically transparent substance.

The configuring the portion may further comprise arranging the imaging device and the optically transparent substance entirely within the portion such that more than 10% of light rays passes through the optically transparent substance.

Advantageously, the purpose of solving the problem of space constraints within an interior of a vehicle cabin is achieved by positioning an imaging device within a display unit in an interior of a passenger cabin, which does not suffer from insufficiency of light rays to the imaging device.

Advantageously, the purpose of solving the problem of insufficient light rays reaching the imaging device, thus compromising quality of image (s) captured is solved by configuring a portion of the display unit to transmit more than 10% of light rays to the imaging device positioned within the display unit, without additional steps of cutting a light modulating layer of the display unit, or bleaching any portion of the display. This disclosure provides the ability for imaging devices that are embedded within or under a liquid crystal layer to capture clearer image (s), which could otherwise be unclear or hazy. Advantageously, quality of image (s) captured by the imaging device ensures accuracy of driver's monitoring function. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Other objects and aspects will become apparent from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompany drawings in which:

Fig. 1 shows a flowchart illustrating a method for assembling a display unit in accordance to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 2a shows a side view of a display module 200a.

Fig. 2b shows a side view of a plurality of optical layers 200b.

Fig. 2c shows a side view of a light source arrangement 200c.

Fig. 2d shows a side view of a cover layer 200d.

Fig. 3a shows a side view of an imaging device embedded within a display unit 300a in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 3b shows a side view of an imaging device embedded within a display unit 300b in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 3c shows a side view of an imaging device embedded within a display unit 300c in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT

Hereinafter, an explanation of this disclosure will be discussed in detail, with reference to the drawings. The term "configured to" may be interchangeably used with "suitable for", "having the capacity to", "designed to", "adapted to", "made to", or "capable of" according to a situation, for example. The term "configured to" may not necessarily mean "specifically designed to" in terms of hardware. Instead, the expression "a device configured to" in some situations may mean that the device and another device or part are "capable of" carrying out a function.

The term "couple", "coupled", "coupling" and its grammatical variation thereof may denote a connection of at least two components, using electrical means, for example electrical connection, optical link, electromagnetic induction, electrostatic charge or any suitable electrical connection means .

The term "align", "aligned", "aligning" and its grammatical variation thereof may denote an arrangement of two or more objects in a straight line or in relative positions. With reference to the disclosure, the term "aligning" may denote aligning a part of the imaging device, for example an aperture of the imaging device may be aligned to a portion of a liquid crystal layer.

With reference to the drawings, Fig. 1 shows a flowchart 100 illustrating a method of assembling a display unit in accordance to an embodiment as disclosed herein. In step 102, a liquid crystal layer 202, a plurality of optical layers 200b and an imaging device 304 is provided. The imaging device 304 is aligned to a portion of the display unit in step 104. In step 106, a portion 204 of the liquid crystal layer 202 as provided in step 102 is configured to transmit more than 10% of light rays to the imaging device 304. The portion 204 is constructed by injecting an optically transparent substance 214 to a layer of light modulating substance such as liquid crystals deposited on to a substrate 212.

In optional step 108, a plurality of spacers 206, 206' is placed within the light modulating substance. Examples of suit able spacers 206, 206' may be fibre, beads or inserts made of plastic or glass which are cost efficient and readily availa ble. The placement of spacers 206, 206' defines an outline of the portion 204, keeping the portion 204 in shape until the optically transparent substance 214 sets or hardens. Before the optically transparent substance 214 sets or hardens, spac ers 206, 206' may also serve to partition the optically trans parent substance 214 from the light modulating substance. Ad ditionally, placement of spacers 206, 206' defines a thickness of the light modulating substances on the substrate 212. How ever, placement of spacers does not achieve uniformity at all times. As such, additional step of polishing may be required to ensure a smooth surface. It shall be appreciated that op tional step 108 may be omitted without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure.

In step 110, the display module 200a (Fig. 2a referred) is coupled with a plurality of optical layers 200b. Optical layers helps to characterise appearance of images displayed on the display unit, through efficient modulation of light rays ra diating from back of the display layer towards the ambient environment. The plurality of optical or optoelectronic layers 200b comprises one or more polarizer and optical film (Fig. 2b referred) .

In the step 112, a light source or backlight 222 is coupled with the plurality of optical layers 200b. An additional light guide 220 may be included for modulating light rays towards the plurality of optical layers 200b. The light source 222 may include a slit 226, configured for receiving an electrical circuitry 302 to power up the imaging device 304.

Turning to Fig. 2a, which shows a display module 200a in ac cordance to an embodiment disclosed herein, the display module 200a comprises of a light modulating layer 202. The light modulating layer may be a liquid crystal layer 202, which modulates light through the light modulating layer 202 for displaying images. The display module 200a further comprises a substrate 212. The substrate 212 may be a glass substrate, for example a thin film transistor (TFT) glass treated for fabricating displays. A portion 204 is configured so that light rays can be transmitted through the portion 204. The portion comprises of an optically transparent substance 214. The liq uid crystal layer 202 may further include a plurality of spac ers 206, 206' for separating the optically transparent sub stance 214 from the liquid crystals. An optically transparent substance 214 may be an optically clear resin (OCR) , which may be in solid or liquid state. An example of an optically trans parent resin is an optical elastomeric resin. The optically transparent substance 214 is operable to receive light rays within both visible and infrared region. Once the optically transparent substance 214 is set or hardened, a transparent portion 204 is formed. This transparent portion 204 allows transmitting more than 10% of light rays to propagate through the portion 204, towards the subsequent layers of the display unit .

Alternatively, the optically transparent substance 214 may be doped with infrared pass pigment, to achieve configuring a portion 204 with characteristics of propagating light rays in an infrared region. Yet alternatively, a filter cover 228 may be coated with an infrared filter ink 234, to achieve charac teristics of propagating light rays within an infrared region to the imaging device 304.. For purpose of this disclosure, a 100% transparency level refers to the transmission of all light waves within the visible and infrared regions through the optically transparent substance and a 0% transparency level refers to an opaque substance.

Light spectrum in the visible and infrared spectrum is a com bination from 400-700nm (visible light) to 700-1000nm (infra red) . The portion 204 is configured to allow more than 10% of light rays from the aforesaid region to propagate through the portion 204 to at least a next layer of the display unit. In an exemplary embodiment, an infrared filter cover or a filter cover coated with an infrared filtering ink is used in the cover layer. As such, more than 10% of light rays between 700 -lOOOnm propagates through the portion 204 to at least the next layer of the display unit. If the imaging device requires application for receiving light spectrum outside the range of visible and infrared range, the same concept may also apply without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure.

Fig. 2b shows a plurality of optical layers 200b in accordance to an exemplary embodiment. Optical layers characterise the appearance of images displayed on the display unit through efficient modulation of light rays radiating from back of the display layer towards the ambient environment. The plurality of optical or optoelectronic layers 200b may include one or more polarizer layer 216and optical film 218, as shown in Fig. 2b, depending on desired design specification. For indoor ap plications such as displays within an interior of a vehicle cabin, coupling the plurality of optical layers 200b to a display layer 200a, such as a liquid crystals layer 202 shown in Fig. 2a is necessary to achieve a transmissive or trans- flective display. Fig. 2c shows a light source arrangement 200c in accordance to an exemplary embodiment, which may be coupled to optical layers 200b. The light source arrangement 200c includes a light guide 220 and light source or backlight 222. The light guide 220 achieves the function of modulating and guiding light rays from the light source 222 towards the plurality of optical layers 200b and eventually to the liquid crystal layer 202 for displaying images. The light source 222 may include a slit 226, for receiving an electrical circuitry for supplying cur rent to power up the display unit.

Fig. 2d shows a cover layer 200d in accordance to an exemplary embodiment, which may be coupled with one side of the display layer 202. The cover layer 200d may comprise of a filter cover 228, a polarizer 230, a colour filter 232, a filter ink 234 or any combination thereof as appropriate. The colour filter 232 may be a glass consisting of red, green, blue colour pixels on a substrate, for displaying purposes. There may be more than one polarizer 230, to achieve modulation of light rays towards the display layer 202. The cover layer 200d functions primarily to keep off dust particles, and to provide colour display functions .

Filter cover 228 may be the same material as optically trans parent substance 214, which may be injected or deposited into the portion 204. The optically transparent substance 214 may be a type of optical bonding glue. The filter cover 228 may also be a bandpass filtering polariser or a filtered glass, thus eliminating the treatment process for coating additional filter ink 234. A suitable type of filtered glass may be an infrared filtered glass, which has similar effects as a fil tered cover coated with filter ink 234, i.e. allowing light rays from a selected electromagnetic spectrum to transmit through portion 204. More importantly, in the exemplary embod iment given, infrared filtered glass will only allow the in frared lights to pass through and block out visible light, thus darkening the area where the imaging device is located. This means that the imaging device will be hidden from a driver's view. Advantageously, this achieves a purpose of hidding the imaging device from driver' s view, for aesthetic and privacy reasons .

The filter ink 234 may be a transparent ink. Depending on desired design specification, the filter ink 234 may be an infrared transparent ink possessing filtering characteristics, allowing light rays from a selected electromagnetic spectrum, and blocking out light rays with a frequency range from another electromagnetic spectrum.

A main advantage of this disclosure is flexibility of placement of an imaging device within any layer of a display unit, or external of any layer of the display unit, such that the dis play unit is able to transmit more than 10% of light rays through to the imaging device unobstructingly, thus improving quality of image (s) captured by the imaging device. This dis closure is suitable for indoor applications such as an interior of an automotive, where ambient light is limited. It is pos sible to position the imaging device at cockpit of a vehicle without using an additional camera to achieve driver' s moni toring function. Since the construction of the portion 204 uses optically transparent substance 214, the transparent por tion 204 achieves receiving and capturing of light rays from an ambient environment through the transparent portion. The portion 204 therefore defines a field of view (FOV) of the imaging device to observe the ambient environment. In an exemplary embodiment as shown in Fig. 3a, an imaging device 304 is arranged within a plurality of optical layers 200b of a display unit 300a. Suitable types of imaging device 304 may be analogue imaging device or digital imaging device. The plurality of optical layers 200b may be trimmed away, thus creating a cavity 210 or a predetermined position for accom modating the imaging device 304 within the plurality of optical layers 200b. The trimming of optical layers 200b may not re quire specialized equipment and may therefore be more cost effective than prior art methods of cutting displays to posi tion an imaging device. The substrate 212 does not need trim ming as it is transparent. A liquid crystal layer 202 having a portion 204 comprising of an optically transparent substance 214 is coupled to one side of the plurality of optical layers 200a. Preferably, an aperture of the imaging device 304 shall be looking through the portion 204 unobstructingly, thanks to the trimmed optical layers 200b and the optically transparent substance 214, thereby defining a field of view (FOV) of the imaging device 304. The portion 204 comprises an optically transparent substance 214, that more than 10% of light rays passes through the portion 204 to the imaging device 304. As shown in Fig. 3a, the light source or backlight 222 receives an electrical circuitry 302 through a slit 226. A suitable form of electrical circuitry 302 may be a printed circuit board (PCB) or a flexible PCB .

In another exemplary embodiment as shown in Fig. 3b, the dis play unit 300b shows the imaging device 304 arranged such that the imaging device 304 is at least partially within the portion 204, comprising of the optically transparent substance 214. The aperture of imaging device 304 may be affixed to the por tion 204 unobstructingly, defining a FOV of the imaging device 304. This allows the imaging device 304 to receive and capture light rays from the ambient environment. A suitable part will be an aperture of the imaging device 304, looking through the portion 204. The portion 204 comprises of an optically trans parent substance 214, such that the optically transparent sub stance 214 is able to transmit more than 10% of light rays through to the imaging device unobstructingly, thus improving quality of image (s) captured by the imaging device. The plu rality of optical layers 200b is coupled to one side of the liquid display layer 202 and surrounds the imaging device 304. The light source or backlight 222 receives an electrical cir cuitry 302 through a slit 226. A suitable form of electrical circuitry 302 may be a printed circuit board (PCB) or a flex ible PCB .

In yet another exemplary embodiment as shown in Fig. 3c, the plurality of optical layers 200b is arranged between the liquid crystal layer 202 and the imaging device 304. Therefore, the imaging device 304 may be external to the layers of the display unit 300c. The imaging device 304 may for example, be arranged external to at least one light source 222 of the display unit. Two light sources 222 may be necessary to position the imaging device 304 external to the light source 222 of the display unit such that the aperture of the imaging device 304 is alighted to the cavity of the plurality of optical layers 200c and a portion 204 of the liquid crystal layer 202. The plural ity of optical layers 200b may be trimmed away, thereby cre ating a cavity 210 within the plurality of optical layers 200b such that the aperture of the imaging device 304 is looking through the portion 204 unobstructingly, defining a FOV of the imaging device 304. The portion 204 comprises the optically transparent substance 214, such that the imaging device 304 is able to transmit more than 10% of light rays through to the imaging device unobstructingly. In accordance to any one of the exemplary embodiments as de scribed above, a cover layer 200d may be included on the top most layer. With reference to Fig. 2d, an example of a suitable type of filtered glass may be an infrared filtered glass, which allow light rays from infrared spectrum to transmit through portion 204. It shall be understood the selection of filtered glass or electromagnetic spectrum shall not depart from the scope and spirit of this disclosure.

The detailed description above serves the purpose of explain ing the principles of the present disclosure and its practical application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understand the disclosure for various exemplary embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the use con templated. The detailed description is not intended to be ex haustive or to limit the present disclosure to the precise embodiments herein. Modifications and equivalents will be ap parent to practitioners skilled in the relevant art and are encompassed within the scope and spirit of the appended claims.

List of Reference Signs

100 - Process Flowchart

102 - Providing step

104 - Aligning step

106 - Configuring step

108 (optional) - Providing a plurality of spacers

110 (optional) - Coupling display layer with plurality of optical layers

112 (optional ) - Coupling a light source with the display unit.

200a - Display module

200b - plurality of optical layers

200c - light source arrangement 200d - Cover layer

202 - display layer

204 - Portion

206, 206' - Spacers

210 - cavity

212 - substrate (TFT glass)

214 - optically transparent substance

216 - polarizer layer

218 - optical film

220 - light guide

222 - light source

226 - slit

228 - filter cover

230 - polarizer

232 - colour filter

234 - filter ink

300a - Display Unit with Embedded electronic device

302 - electrical circuitry

304 - electronic device / imaging device