METHODS FOR PRODUCING RECOMBINANT PROTEINS CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This applications claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 62/914,223, filed October 11, 2019, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD This disclosure relates to methods of biotechnology and the manufacturing of recombinant proteins. BACKGROUND Recombinant bacteria are used in many biotechnology protocols, including the production of recombinant proteins. Recombinant proteins are often used in the preparation of new therapeutic drug products. Current methods for producing recombinant proteins use glucose as a carbon source. Overfeeding with glucose activates the glucose overflow system (crabtree effect) that changes the metabolic pathway of the carbon source in the recombinant bacterium to favor acetate production, which correlates with growth rate reduction. Moreover, current methods for producing recombinant proteins require a tightly controlled pH control limit that can influence production of protein of acceptable quality when outside the pH control limit. Thus, the current methods for producing recombinant proteins possess limitations which the present invention solves. SUMMARY The present invention is based, at least in part, on the discovery that culturing recombinant bacteria in a liquid culture medium including about 0.1 g/L to about 10.0 g/L glycerol as the carbon source results in the production or secretion of similar or greater amount of recombinant protein as compared to culturing the recombinant bacteria in a liquid culture medium including glucose as the carbon source. In view of this discovery, provided herein are methods of producing a recombinant protein that include: providing a recombinant bacterium including a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant protein; and culturing the recombinant bacterium in a liquid culture medium that includes about 0.1 g/L to 10.0 g/L glycerol under conditions sufficient for the production and release of a recombinant protein into the liquid culture medium, where liquid culture medium is substantially free of a saccharide. The present invention is also based, at least in part, on the discovery that culturing recombinant bacteria in a liquid culture medium where the pH of the liquid culture medium is about 6.8 to about 7.5 during a growth phase and the pH of the liquid culture medium is about 6.0 to about 6.75 during a protein production phase results in the production of a greater amount of recombinant protein as compared to culturing the recombinant bacteria in a liquid culture medium using a single pH control limit throughout the culture process. In view of this discovery, provided herein are methods of producing a recombinant protein that include: providing a recombinant bacterium including a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant protein; and culturing the recombinant bacterium in a liquid culture medium under conditions sufficient for the production and release of a recombinant protein into the culture medium, where the pH of the liquid culture medium is about 6.8 to about 7.5 during a growth phase and the pH of the liquid culture medium is about 6.0 to about 6.75 during a protein production phase. Provided herein are methods of producing a recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant that include: providing a recombinant bacterium comprising a nucleic acid encoding ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant; and culturing the recombinant bacterium in a liquid culture medium including about 0.1 g/L glycerol to about 10.0 g/L glycerol under conditions sufficient for the production and release of recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant into the culture medium, where the liquid culture medium is substantially free of a saccharide. In some embodiments of any of these methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 0.5 g/L glycerol to about 6.0 g/L glycerol. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 2.0 g/L glycerol to about 5 g/L glycerol. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 2.0 g/L to about 3.0 g/L glycerol. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 0.3 mM to about 300 mM of Mg ²⁺ . In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 0.4 mM to about 35 mM Mg ²⁺ . In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 0.4 mM to about 30 mM Mg ²⁺ . In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 0.4 mM to about 20 mM Mg ²⁺ . In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 0.4 mM to about 10 mM Mg ²⁺ . In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 0.4 mM to about 5 mM Mg ²⁺ . In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes a magnesium salt. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the magnesium salt is MgSO ₄ . In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium has a pH of about 6.5 to about 7.0. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium has a pH of about 6.8. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the culturing is performed using a fermentor. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the culturing is batch culturing. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the culturing is fed batch culturing. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the culturing includes incubating the bacterium at a rotary agitation rate of about 80 revolutions per minute (RPM) to about 1000 RPM. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the culturing includes incubating the recombinant bacterium at a rotary agitation rate of about 100 RPM to about 800 RPM. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the culturing is performed at about 30 ºC to about 37 °C. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the recombinant bacterium is a Gram negative bacterium. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the recombinant bacterium is selected from the group consisting of: K12 E. coli bacterial cell, a Yersinia bacterial cell, a BL21 E. coli bacterial cell, a 60E4 E. coli, an Acinetobacter bacterial cell, a Bordetella bacterial cell, a Brucella bacterial cell, a Cyanobacter bacterial cell, an Enterobacter bacterial cell, a Helicobacter bacterial cell, a Klebsiella bacterial cell, a Neisseria bacterial cell, a Pasteurella bacterial cell, a Pseudomonas bacterial cell, a Salmonella bacterial cell, and a Shigella bacterial cell. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the nucleic acid encoding ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant is integrated into a chromosome of the recombinant bacterium. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the nucleic acid encoding ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant is not integrated into a chromosome of the recombinant bacterium. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the nucleic acid encoding ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant is an expression vector. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the nucleic acid encoding ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant includes a sequence encoding a bacterial signal sequence. Some embodiments of any of the methods described herein further include recovering the recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant from the liquid culture medium. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the recovered recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant is at least 95% pure. Some embodiments of any of the methods described herein further include purifying the recovered recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant. Some embodiments of any of the methods described herein further include formulating the purified recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the method does not include physical or chemical disruption of the outer membrane of the recombinant bacterium. Also provided herein is a recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant produced by any of the methods described herein. Also provided herein are compositions that include a recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant produced by any of the methods described herein. Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions that include a therapeutically effective amount of a recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant produced by any of the methods described herein. In some embodiments of any of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein, the pharmaceutical composition includes about 5 mg/mL to about 10 mg/mL recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant. In some embodiments of any of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein, the pharmaceutical composition further includes a tonicity agent, a buffer, a surfactant, and water for injection, and wherein the pharmaceutical composition has a pH of about 5 to about 6. In some embodiments of any of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein, the pharmaceutical composition includes α,α-trehalose dihydrate, a histidine buffer, polysorbate 20, and water for injection, and the pharmaceutical composition has a pH of about 5 to about 6. Also provided herein are kits that include any of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein. Some embodiments of any of the kits described herein further include a sterile glass vial, where the pharmaceutical composition is disposed within the sterile glass vial. Some embodiments of any of the kits described herein further include a syringe, where the pharmaceutical compositions is disposed within the syringe. Also provided herein are methods of treating a subject in need thereof that include administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of any of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the subject has been identified or diagnosed as having wet age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, or macular edema following retinal vein occlusion. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the macular edema following retinal vein occlusion is branch retinal vein occlusion. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the macular edema following retinal vein occlusion is central retinal vein occlusion. Also provided herein are methods of producing a recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant that include: providing a recombinant bacterium comprising a nucleic acid encoding ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant; and culturing the recombinant bacterium in a liquid culture medium under conditions sufficient for the production and release of recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant into the culture medium, where the pH of the liquid culture medium is about 6.8 to about 7.5 during a growth phase and the pH of the liquid culture medium is about 6.0 to about 6.75 during a protein production phase. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium has a pH of about 6.8 to about 7.0 during the growth phase. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium has a pH of about 6.8 during the growth phase. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium has a pH of about 6.2 to about 6.75 during the protein production phase. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium has a pH of about 6.4 to about 6.75 during the protein production phase. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium has a pH of about 6.6 during the protein production phase. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 0.3 mM to about 300 mM of Mg ²⁺ . In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium comprises about 0.4 mM to about 35 mM Mg ²⁺ . In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium comprises about 0.4 mM to about 30 mM Mg ²⁺ . In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 0.4 mM to about 20 mM Mg ²⁺ . In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 0.4 mM to about 10 mM Mg ²⁺ . In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 0.4 mM to about 5 mM Mg ²⁺ . In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes a magnesium salt. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the magnesium salt is MgSO ₄ . In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 0.5 g/L to about 10 g/L glucose. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 2.0 g/L to about 8.0 g/L glucose. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 4.0 g/L to about 6.0 g/L glucose. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 4.5 g/L glucose. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 0.1 g/L glycerol to about 10.0 g/L glycerol, wherein the liquid culture medium is substantially free of a saccharide. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 0.5 g/L glycerol to about 6.0 g/L glycerol. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium includes about 2.0 g/L glycerol to about 5.0 g/L glycerol. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the liquid culture medium comprises about 2.0 g/L to about 3.0 g/L glycerol. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the culturing is performed using a fermentor. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the culturing is batch culturing. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the culturing is fed batch culturing. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the culturing includes incubating the recombinant bacterium at a rotary agitation rate of about 80 revolutions per minute (RPM) to about 1000 RPM. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the culturing includes incubating the recombinant bacterium at a rotary agitation rate of about 100 RPM to about 800 RPM. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the culturing is performed at about 30 ºC to about 37°C. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the recombinant bacterium is a Gram negative bacterium. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, K12 E. coli bacterial cell, a Yersinia bacterial cell, a BL21 E. coli bacterial cell, a 60E4 E. coli, an Acinetobacter bacterial cell, a Bordetella bacterial cell, a Brucella bacterial cell, a Cyanobacter bacterial cell, an Enterobacter bacterial cell, a Helicobacter bacterial cell, a Klebsiella bacterial cell, a Neisseria bacterial cell, a Pasteurella bacterial cell, a Pseudomonas bacterial cell, a Salmonella bacterial cell, and a Shigella bacterial cell. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the nucleic acid encoding ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant is integrated into a chromosome of the recombinant bacterium. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the nucleic acid encoding ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant is not integrated into a chromosome of the recombinant bacterium. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the nucleic acid encoding ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant is an expression vector. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the nucleic acid encoding ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant includes a sequence encoding a bacterial signal sequence. Some embodiments of any of the methods described herein further include recovering the recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant from the liquid culture medium. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the recovered recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant is at least 95% pure. Some embodiments of any of the methods described herein further include purifying the recovered recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant. Some embodiments of any of the methods described herein further include formulating the purified recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the method does not include physical or chemical disruption of the outer membrane of the recombinant bacterium. Also provided herein is a recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant produced by any of the methods described herein. Also provided herein are compositions that include a recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant produced by any of the methods described herein. Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions that include a therapeutically effective amount of the recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant produced by any of the methods described herein. In some embodiments of any of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein, the pharmaceutical composition includes about 5 mg/mL to about 10 mg/mL recombinant ranibizumab or ranibizumab variant. In some embodiments of any of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein, the pharmaceutical composition further includes a tonicity agent, a buffer, a surfactant, and water for injection, and wherein the pharmaceutical composition has a pH of about 5 to about 6. In some embodiments of any of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein, the pharmaceutical composition comprises α,α-trehalose dihydrate, a histidine buffer, polysorbate 20, and water for injection, and the pharmaceutical composition has a pH of about 5 to about 6. Also provided herein are kits that include any of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein. Some embodiments of any of the kits described herein further include a sterile glass vial, where the pharmaceutical composition is disposed within the sterile glass vial. Some embodiments of any of the kits described herein further include a syringe, where the pharmaceutical composition is disposed within the syringe. Also provided herein are methods of treating a subject in need thereof that include administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of any of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the subject has been identified or diagnosed as having wet age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, or macular edema following retinal vein occlusion. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the macular edema following retinal vein occlusion is branch retinal vein occlusion. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the macular edema following retinal vein occlusion is central retinal vein occlusion. As used herein, the word “a” before a noun represents one or more of the particular noun. For example the “a recombinant protein” represents “one or more recombinant proteins.” The term “bacterium” or “bacterial cell” means any cell from or derived from any bacterium (e.g., a Gram positive bacterium, or a Gram negative bacterium). Non-limiting examples of bacteria are described herein. Additional examples of bacteria are known in the art. The term “recombinant bacterium” means a bacterium that contains a nucleic acid that is not naturally present in the bacterium. For example, the nucleic acid that is not naturally present in the bacterium can encode a recombinant protein (e.g., any of the exemplary recombinant proteins described herein) and/or can encode a selectable marker (e.g., any of the exemplary selectable markers described herein). The nucleic acid that is not naturally present in the cell can, e.g., be integrated into the genome of the bacterium. In other examples, the nucleic acid that is not naturally present in the cell is not integrated into the genome of the bacterium. For example, a nucleic acid that is not naturally present in the bacterium can be episomal. The term “culturing” or “cell culturing,” as used herein, refers to the maintenance or proliferation of a bacterium (e.g., a recombinant bacterium) under a controlled set of physical conditions. In one embodiment, the cell culturing is a microbial fermentation. Non-limiting examples of the physical conditions that can be used to culture a recombinant bacterium are described herein. The term “fed-batch culturing,” as used herein refers to culturing, in a container or vessel (e.g., a fermentor), bacteria disposed in a starting volume of a liquid culture medium (e.g., any of the exemplary liquid culture media described herein), wherein the culturing of the cells present in a container or vessel includes the periodic or continuous addition of an additional volume of liquid culture medium to the starting volume of the liquid culture medium. For example, non-substantial or insignificant removal of medium includes removal of a small amount of medium for monitoring and/or analysis of the culture or culture conditions. In some embodiments, fed-batch culturing comprises culturing recombinant bacteria capable of producing a recombinant protein. In some embodiments, the additional volume of liquid culture medium added (such later-added medium being understood in the art, and referred to herein, as a feed liquid culture medium) is the same as, or different from, the starting volume of the liquid culture medium. In some examples of fed-batch culture, the later-added feed liquid culture medium is a concentrated liquid culture medium. Skilled practitioners will appreciate that, in some embodiments, a fermentor can be adapted for fed- batch culturing (e.g., adapted to be a fed-batch fermentor). The term “liquid culture medium” comprises a fluid that contains sufficient nutrients to allow a cell (e.g., a bacterial cell) to grow or proliferate in vitro. In some examples, a liquid culture medium can include a recombinant protein produced by a recombinant bacterium (e.g. a microbial fermentation). In some embodiments, a liquid culture medium is a minimal medium (e.g., a medium containing only inorganic salts, a carbon source, and water). Non-limiting examples of a liquid culture medium are described herein. Additional examples of a liquid culture medium are described in the art and are commercially available. In some examples, a liquid culture medium can be intended for addition, as a feed liquid culture medium, to a starting volume of a liquid culture medium. The term “growth phase,” as used herein, refers to an initial period of time during a cell culture process, between (1) when a starting volume of liquid culture medium is inoculated with recombinant bacteria and (2) when the recombinant bacteria achieve a threshold level of recombinant protein production or when the bacteria are induced to produce the recombinant protein. The term “production phase” as used herein, refers to a period of time during a cell culture process that occurs after the growth phase of the cell culture process. During the production phase the produced recombinant protein may become located in the cell, the periplasmic space, or culture medium (i.e. outside the cell). The terms “magnesium salt,” “Mg++ salt,” “Mg ⁺² salt,” and “Mg salt,” as used herein, refers to any magnesium ion containing compound including, but not limited to, MgCl ₂ , MgSO ₄ , Mg pidolate, MgHPO ₄ , MgBr ₂ , and MgCrO ₄ . In some embodiments, the magnesium salt is provided as a solid (e.g. granules or a powder). In other embodiments, the magnesium salt is provided in a liquid solution (e.g. dissolved into a solvent such as water). In some embodiments, the magnesium salt is suitable for addition to a medium, such as a liquid culture medium. The term “agitating” means stirring or otherwise moving a portion of liquid culture medium and/or recombinant protein culture medium in a bioreactor or vessel (e.g., a fermentor). Agitating is performed in order to increase the dissolved O ₂ concentration in the liquid culture medium and/or recombinant protein culture medium in a bioreactor or vessel (e.g., a fermentor). In some embodiments, agitation is performed using any art known method, e.g., an instrument or propeller. Exemplary devices and methods used to perform agitation of a portion of the liquid culture medium or the recombinant protein culture medium in a bioreactor or vessel (e.g., a fermentor) are known in the art. The term “immunoglobulin,” as used herein comprises a polypeptide containing an amino acid sequence of at least 15 amino acids (e.g., at least 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 amino acids) of an immunoglobulin protein (e.g., a variable domain sequence, a framework sequence, or a constant domain sequence). In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin comprises at least 15 amino acids of a light chain immunoglobulin and at least 15 amino acids of a heavy chain immunoglobulin. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin is an isolated antibody (e.g., an IgG, IgE, IgD, IgA, or IgM). In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin is a subclass of IgG (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4). In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin is a mouse, chimeric, humanized, or human antibody. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin is an antibody fragment, e.g., a Fab fragment, a F(ab′)2 fragment, or a scFv fragment. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin is a bi-specific antibody or a tri-specific antibody, or a dimer, trimer, or multimer antibody, or a diabody, an Affibody®, or a Nanobody®. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin is an engineered protein containing at least one immunoglobulin domain (e.g., a fusion protein). Non-limiting examples of immunoglobulins are described herein and additional examples of immunoglobulins are described in the art. The term “capturing,” as used herein, refers to partially purifying or isolating and concentrating a recombinant protein from one or more other components present in a liquid culture medium or a liquid culture medium medium. In some embodiments, capturing is performed using a resin that binds a recombinant protein (e.g., through the use of affinity chromatography). Non-limiting methods for capturing a recombinant protein from a liquid culture medium or diluted liquid culture medium are described herein and in the art. In some embodiments, the recombinant protein is captured from a liquid culture medium medium or a diluted liquid culture medium using at least one chromatography column (e.g., any of the chromatography columns described herein). The term “recovering,” as used herein, comprises at least partially purifying or isolating (e.g., at least or about 4% (e.g., at least or about 5%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95%) a recombinant protein from one or more components present in a liquid culture medium (e.g., recombinant bacterial cells, or one or more other components (e.g., DNA, RNA, or other proteins) present in a recombinant bacterial cell lysate). Non-limiting methods for recovering a recombinant protein from a liquid culture medium or from a recombinant bacterial cell lysate are described herein and are disclosed in the art. The term “purifying,” as used herein, comprises isolating a recombinant protein from one or more other impurities (e.g., bulk impurities) or components present in a fluid containing a recombinant protein (e.g., a liquid culture medium). In some embodiments, purifying comprises isolating a recombinant protein from liquid culture medium proteins or one or more other components (e.g., DNA, RNA, other proteins, endotoxins, viruses, etc.) present in or secreted from a bacterial cell. In some embodiments, purification is performed using a resin that binds either a recombinant protein or contaminants. Non-limiting examples include affinity chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, anion or cation exchange chromatography, or molecular sieve chromatography. In some embodiments, a recombinant protein is purified from a fluid containing the recombinant protein (e.g., a liquid culture medium) using at least one chromatography column (e.g., any of the chromatography columns described herein). The term “polishing,” as used herein, refers to a step performed to remove remaining trace or small amounts of contaminants or impurities from a fluid containing a recombinant protein that is close to a final desired purity. In a non-limiting example, polishing is performed by passing a fluid containing the recombinant protein through a chromatographic column(s) or a membrane absorber(s) that selectively binds to either the recombinant protein or small amounts of contaminants or impurities present in a fluid containing the recombinant protein. In such an example, the eluate/filtrate of the chromatographic column(s) or the membrane absorber(s) contains the recombinant protein. The term “filtering,” as used herein, refers to the removal of at least part of undesired biological contaminants (e.g., yeast cells, viruses, or bacteria) and/or particulate matter (e.g., precipitated proteins) from a liquid (e.g., a liquid culture medium or other fluid). The term “secreted protein” or “released protein,” as used herein comprises a protein (e.g., a recombinant protein) that originally contained at least one secretion signal sequence when it is translated within a bacterial cell, and through, at least in part, enzymatic cleavage of the secretion signal sequence in the bacterial cell, is secreted into the extracellular space. In some embodiments, the extracellular space is a liquid culture medium. Skilled practitioners will appreciate that a “secreted” protein need not dissociate entirely from the bacterium outer membrane to be considered a secreted protein. As used herein, a secreted recombinant protein does not refer to a protein retained in the periplasm of a recombinant bacterium. The term “fed-batch bioreactor,” as used herein, refers to a bioreactor containing, or suitable for containing, a plurality of bacteria (e.g., recombinant bacteria) in a starting volume of liquid culture medium, where the cell culture present in the bioreactor includes the periodic or continuous addition of a feed liquid culture medium to a starting volume of a liquid culture medium without substantial or significant removal of liquid culture medium from the cell culture. In some embodiments, the feed liquid culture medium is the same as the starting volume of liquid culture medium. In some examples of fed-batch culture, the later-added feed liquid culture medium is a concentrated form of the initial liquid culture medium. The term “yield” refers to a ratio of a total amount of recombinant protein obtained over a theoretical amount of recombinant protein that could be obtained (expressed as a percentage), based on the amount of starting materials. The term “promoter” is a nucleic acid sequence that is operably linked to a nucleic acid sequence encoding a protein (e.g., a recombinant protein) that can increase the transcription of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the protein. In some aspects, a promoter is constitutive. In other aspects, a promoter is inducible. Non-limiting examples of promoters are described herein. Additional examples of promoters are known in the art. The term “formulating,” as used herein, comprises processing a recombinant protein in a format that is compatible with its intended route of administration (e.g., intraarterial, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, or oral) to a subject. In some aspects, formulating includes providing the recombinant protein in a dosage unit form (i.e., physically discrete units containing a predetermined quantity of recombinant protein for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage). In some aspects, formulating can include a sterile diluent (e.g., sterile water, saline, or water for injection), a fixed oil, polyethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol, or other synthetic solvents, antibacterial or antifungal agents (e.g., benzyl alcohol, methyl parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, ascorbic acid, thimerosal), antioxidants (e.g., ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite), chelating agents (e.g., ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), buffers (e.g., acetates, citrates, phosphates), isotonic agents (e.g., sugars, polyalcohols (e.g,. mannitol or sorbitol), or salts (e.g., sodium chloride), or any combination thereof. Non-limiting examples of formulations of a recombinant protein are described herein. The term “substantially free,” as used herein, refers to liquid culture medium that includes less than 5% (e.g., less than 4%, less than 3%, less than, 2%, less than 1.0%, less than 0.9%, less than 0.8%, less than 0.7%, less than 0.6%, less than 0.5%, less than 0.4%, less than 0.3%, less than 0.2%, less than 0.1%, less than 0.01%, or less than 0.001%) of a saccharide (e.g., glucose). Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Methods and materials are described herein for use in the present disclosure; other, suitable methods and materials described in the art can also be used. The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. All publications, patent applications, patents, sequences, database entries, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. Other features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following detailed description and figures, and from the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS Figure 1 is an exemplary schematic representation of a genetic map of a pBR322:236715 plasmid (6418 basepairs (bp)). The vector includes a repressor of primer (ROP), an origin of replication (Ori_ColE1), an ampicillin promoter (P_Amp), an ampicillin resistance gene (M_Ampicillin-r), a tetracycline resistance gene (M_Tetracycline-r), and a gene. Figure 2 is a representative graph of a sterilization profile of temperature (°C) over time (hours) as described in Example 1. Figure 3 is a representative graph of a run profile as described in Example 1. Figure 4 is a representative graph of optical density (OD) and wet cell weight (g/g) profile as described in Example 1. Wet cell weight (g/g) is shown with squares and the OD600 is shown with diamonds. Figure 5 is a representative graph of glucose concentration, pump rate, and feed weight as described in Example 1. Figure 6 is a representative graph of phosphate concentration (mM) over time (hours) as described in Example 1. Figure 7 is a representative graph of CO ₂ evolution (% off-gas) over time (hours) as measured by mass spectroscopy and described in Example 1. Figure 8 is a representative graph of a sterilization profile of temperature (°C) over time (hours) as described in Example 2. Figure 9 is a representative graph of a run profile as described in Example 2. Figure 10 is a representative graph of optical density (OD) and wet cell weight (g/g) profile as described in Example 2. The weight cell weight (g/g) is shown using squares and the OD600 is shown using diamonds. Figure 11 is a representative graph of glucose concentration, pump rate, and feed weight as described in Example 2. Figure 12 is a representative graph of phosphate concentration (mM) over time (hours) as described in Example 2. Figure 13 is a representative graph of CO ₂ evolution (% off-gas) over time (hours) as measured by mass spectroscopy and described in Example 2. Figure 14 is a representative graph of a sterilization profile of temperature (°C) over time (hours) as described in Example 3. Figure 15 is a representative graph of a run profile as described in Example 3. Figure 16 is a representative graph of optical density (OD) and wet cell weight (g/g) profile as described in Example 3. The wet cell weight (g/g) is shown using squares, and the OD600 is shown using diamonds. Figure 17 is a representative graph of glucose concentration, pump rate, and feed weight as described in Example 3. Figure 18 is a representative graph of phosphate concentration (mM) over time (hours) as described in Example 3. Figure 19 is a representative graph of CO ₂ evolution (% off-gas) over time (hours) as measured by mass spectroscopy and described in Example 3. Figure 20 is a representative graph of a sterilization profile of temperature (°C) over time (hours) as described in Example 4. Figure 21 is a representative graph of a run profile as described in Example 4. Figure 22 is a representative graph of optical density (OD) and wet cell weight (g/g) profile as described in Example 4. The wet cell weight (g/g) is shown using squares and the OD600 is shown using diamonds. Figure 23 is a representative graph of glucose concentration, pump rate, and feed weight as described in Example 4. Figure 24 is a representative graph of phosphate concentration (mM) over time (hours) as described in Example 4. Figure 25 is a representative graph of CO ₂ evolution (% off-gas) over time (hours) as measured by mass spectroscopy and described in Example 4. Figure 26 is a representative graph of a sterilization profile of temperature (°C) over time (hours) as described in Example 5. Figure 27 is a representative graph of a run profile as described in Example 5. Figure 28 is a representative graph of optical density (OD) and wet cell weight (g/g) profile as described in Example 5. The wet cell weight (g/g) is shown using squares and the OD600 is shown using diamonds. Figure 29 is a representative graph of glucose concentration, pump rate, and feed weight as described in Example 5. Figure 30 is a representative graph of phosphate concentration (mM) over time (hours) as described in Example 5. Figure 31 is a representative graph of CO ₂ evolution (% off-gas) over time (hours) as measure by mass spectroscopy and described in Example 5. Figure 32 is a representative graph of a sterilization profile of temperature (°C) over time (hours) as described in Example 6. Figure 33 is a representative graph of a run profile as described in Example 6. Figure 34 is a representative graph of optical density (OD) and wet cell weight (g/g) profile as described in Example 6. The wet cell weight (g/g) is shown using squares and the OD600 is shown using diamonds. Figure 35 is a representative graph of glucose concentration, pump rate, and feed weight as described in Example 6. Figure 36 is a representative graph of phosphate concentration (mM) over time (hours) as described in Example 6. Figure 37 is a representative graph of CO ₂ evolution (% off-gas) over time (hours) as measured by mass spectroscopy and described in Example 6. Figure 38 is a representative graph of a sterilization profile of temperature (°C) over time (hours) as described in Example 7. Figure 39 is a representative graph of a run profile as described in Example 7. Figure 40 is a representative graph of optical density (OD) and wet cell weight (g/g) profile as described in Example 7. The wet cell weight (g/g) is shown using squares and the OD600 is shown using diamonds. Figure 41 is a representative graph of glucose concentration, pump rate, and feed weight as described in Example 7. Figure 42 is a representative graph of phosphate concentration (mM) over time (hours) as described in Example 7. Figure 43 is a representative graph of CO ₂ evolution (% off-gas) over time (hours) as measure by mass spectroscopy and described in Example 7. Figure 44 is a representative graph of a sterilization profile of temperature (°C) over time (hours) as described in Example 8. Figure 45 is a representative graph of a run profile as described in Example 8. Figure 46 is a representative graph of optical density (OD) and wet cell weight (g/g) profile as described in Example 8. The wet cell weight (g/g) is shown using squares and the OD600 is shown using diamonds. Figure 47 is a representative graph of glucose concentration, pump rate, and feed weight as described in Example 8. Figure 48 is a representative graph of phosphate concentration (mM) over time (hours) as described in Example 8. Figure 49 is a representative graph of CO ₂ evolution (% off-gas) over time (hours) as measured by mass spectroscopy and described in Example 8. Figure 50 is a representative graph showing the supernatant titers of ranibizumab (mg/L) over time in recombinant bacteria cultures using liquid culture media including glycerol and having different pH levels. Figure 51 is a representative graph showing the CEX % main peak of ranibizumab (mg/L) after column 1 purification using liquid culture media including glycerol and having different pH levels. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention is based, at least in part, on the discovery that culturing recombinant bacteria in a liquid culture medium including about 0.1 g/L to about 10.0 g/L glycerol as the carbon source results in production of similar or greater amount of recombinant protein as compared to culturing the recombinant bacteria in a liquid culture medium including glucose as the carbon source. In view of this discovery, provided herein are methods of producing a recombinant protein that include: providing a recombinant bacterium including a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant protein; and culturing the recombinant bacterium in a liquid culture medium that includes about 0.1 g/L to 10.0 g/L glycerol under conditions sufficient for the production and release of a recombinant protein into the liquid culture medium, where liquid culture medium is substantially free of a saccharide. The present invention is also based, at least in part, on the discovery that culturing recombinant bacteria in a liquid culture medium where the pH of the liquid culture medium is about 6.8 to about 7.5 during a growth phase and the pH of the liquid culture medium is about 6.0 to about 6.75 during a protein production phase results in production of a greater amount of recombinant protein as compared to culturing the recombinant bacteria in a liquid culture medium with a single pH throughout the entirety of the process. In view of this discovery, provided herein are methods of producing a recombinant protein that include: providing a recombinant bacterium including a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant protein; and culturing the recombinant bacterium in a liquid culture medium under conditions sufficient for the production and release of a recombinant protein into the culture medium, where the pH of the liquid culture medium is about 6.8 to about 7.5 during a growth phase and the pH of the liquid culture medium is about 6.0 to about 6.75 during a protein production phase. The methods provided herein can result, e.g., in the production of a liquid culture medium containing a recombinant protein that is significantly free of host cell proteins and/or endotoxin (e.g., where the amount of host cell protein and/or endotoxin present in the liquid culture medium is less than about 20% w/w, less than about 18% w/w, less than about 16% w/w, less than about 14% w/w, less than about 12% w/w, less than about 10% w/w, less than about 8% w/w, less than about 6% w/w, less than about 4% w/w, less than about 2% w/w, or less than about 1% w/w (host cell protein and/or endotoxin compared to total protein) (where the liquid culture medium has not been treated to remove any host cell proteins and/or endotoxin). The methods provided herein can result, for example, in the production of a liquid culture medium containing a recombinant protein that is significantly free of host cell proteins and/or endotoxin (e.g., where the amount of host cell protein and/or endotoxin present in the liquid culture medium is about 1% to about 20% w/w, about 1% to about 18% w/w, about 1% to about 16% w/w, about 1% to about 14% w/w, about 1% to about 12% w/w, about 1% to about 10% w/w, about 1% to about 8% w/w, about 1% to about 6% w/w, about 1% to about 4% w/w, or about 1% to about 2% w/w (host cell protein and/or endotoxin compared to total protein) (where the liquid culture medium has not been treated to remove any host cell proteins and/or endotoxin). The methods provided herein result, for example, in the production of a liquid culture medium that includes about 100 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 280 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 260 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 240 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 220 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 200 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 180 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 160 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 140 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 120 mg/L, about 120 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 120 mg/L to about 280 mg/L, about 120 mg/L to about 260 mg/L, about 120 mg/L to about 240 mg/L, about 120 mg/L to about 220 mg/L, about 120 mg/L to about 200 mg/L, about 120 mg/L to about 180 mg/L, about 120 mg/L to about 160 mg/L, about 120 mg/L to about 140 mg/L, about 140 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 140 mg/L to about 280 mg/L, about 140 mg/L to about 260 mg/L, about 140 mg/L to about 240 mg/L, about 140 mg/L to about 220 mg/L, about 140 mg/L to about 200 mg/L, about 140 mg/L to about 180 mg/L, about 140 mg/L to about 160 mg/L, about 160 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 160 mg/L to about 280 mg/L, about 160 mg/L to about 260 mg/L, about 160 mg/L to about 240 mg/L, about 160 mg/L to about 220 mg/L, about 160 mg/L to about 200 mg/L, about 160 mg/L to about 180 mg/L, about 180 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 180 mg/L to about 280 mg/L, about 180 mg/L to about 260 mg/L, about 180 mg/L to about 240 mg/L, about 180 mg/L to about 220 mg/L, about 180 mg/L to about 200 mg/L, about 200 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 200 mg/L to about 280 mg/L, about 200 mg/L to about 260 mg/L, about 200 mg/L to about 240 mg/L, about 200 mg/L to about 220 mg/L, about 220 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 220 mg/L to about 280 mg/L, about 220 mg/L to about 260 mg/L, about 220 mg/L to about 240 mg/L, about 240 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 240 mg/L to about 280 mg/L, about 240 mg/L to about 260 mg/L, about 260 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 260 mg/L to about 280 mg/L, or about 280 mg/L to about 300 mg/L recombinant protein (where the methods do not involve a step of physically and/or chemically disrupting the outer membrane of the recombinant bacterium). Some embodiments of these methods include recovering the recombinant protein, purifying the recovered recombinant protein, and formulating the purified recombinant protein, where the method only includes a total of one chromatography step, two chromatography steps, or three chromatography steps. Various exemplary aspects of these methods are described below and can be used in any combination in the methods provided herein without limitation. Exemplary aspects of the provided methods are described below; however, one skilled in the art will appreciate that additional steps can be added to the methods described herein and other materials can be used to perform any of the steps of the methods described herein. Recombinant Protein Non-limiting examples of recombinant proteins produced by the methods provided herein include immunoglobulins (including light and heavy chain immunoglobulins), antibodies, or antibody fragments (e.g., any of the antibody fragment described herein). Non- limiting examples of recombinant proteins that can be produced by the methods described herein include ranibizumab, a ranibizumab variant, or bevacizumab. In some embodiments, the recombinant protein is non-glycosylated. In some embodiments, the recombinant protein is an antibody or an antigen-binding antibody fragment. In some embodiments, the recombinant protein can be CroFab®, DigiFab®, Digibind®, ReoPro®, and Cimzia®. In some embodiments, the recombinant protein can be, e.g., TOB5-D4, LA13-IIE3, anti-MUC1, SH363-A9, SH365-C9, filgrastim (Neupogen), pegfilgrastim (Neulasta), insulin ((e.g. insulin glargine (Lantus), insulin aspart, insulin glulisine, insulin lispro (fast-acting insulin analog), insulin detemir (long-acting insulin), isophane insulin (intermediate -acting insulin)), insulin-like growth factor 1 (Mecasermin), insulin-like growth factor I and its binding protein IGFBP-3 (Mecasermin rinfabate), denileukin diftitox, endostatin, interleukin-2 (Aldesleukin), interleukin-1 (IL1) receptor antagonist, interleukin-11, interferon alpha-2a, interferon alpha-2b, interferon alpha-1b, interferon beta-1b, interferon gamma-1a, interferon gamma-1b, tasonermin, molgramostim, nartograstim, palifermin, sargramostim, salmon calcitonin, glucagon, glucagon like peptide 1 (Liraglutide), bacterial carboxypeptidase G2 (Glucarpidase), B-type natriuretic peptide, OspA (Outer surface protein A fragment from Borrelia burgdorferi), palifermin (truncade keratinocyte growth factor), parathyroid hormone, growth hormone, pegvisomant (modified GH; Somavert), reteplase (plasminogen activator; Rapilysi), somatropin (tasonermin; Humatrope), tasonermin (cytokine), urate oxidase, teriparatide (parathyroid hormone), albumin, Hepatitis B surface antigen, Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis A virus inactivated, hirudine, HPV vaccine, HPV surface antigens, platelet derived growth factor-BB, rasburicase, sargramostim, cytochromes (e.g. P450 enzymes), interferon, leptin, and brolucizumab. In some embodiments, the recombinant protein can be an antibody or an antigen- binding antibody fragment selected from the group of: abciximab, abituzumab, abrezekimab, abrilumab, actoxumab, adalimumab, adecatumumab, atidortoxumab, aducanumab, afasevikumab, alacizumab pegol, alemtuzumab, alirocumab, amatuximab, andecaliximab, anetumab ravtansine, anifrolumab, anrukinzumab, apolizumab, aprutumab ixadotin, ascrinvacumab, aselizumab, atezolizumab, atinumab, atorolimumab, avelumab, azintuxizumab vedotin, bapineuzumab, basiliximab, bavituximab, BCD-100, belantamab mafodotin, belimumab, bemarituzumab, benralizumab, berlimatoxumab, bermekimab, bersanlimab, bertilimumab, bevacizumab, bezlotoxumab, bimagrumab, bimekizumab, birtamimab, bivatuzumab mertansine, bleselumab, blosozumab, bococizumab, brazikumab, brentuximab vedotin, briakinumab, brodalumab, brolucizumab, brontictuzumab, burosumab, cabiralizumab, camidanlumab tesirine, camrelizumab, canakinumab, cantuzumab mertansine, cantuzumab ravtansine, caplacizumab, carlumab, carotuximab, cBR96, cemiplimab, cergutuzumab amunaleukin, certolizumab pegol, cetrelimab, cetuximab, cibisatamab, cirmtuzumab, citatuzumab bogatox, cixutumumab, clazakizumab, clenoliximab, clivatuzumab tetraxetan, codrituzumab, cofetuzumab pelidotin, coltuximab ravtansine, conatumumab, concizumab, cosfroviximab, crenezumab, crizanlizumab, crotedumab, CR6261, cusatuzumab, dacetuzumab, daclizumab, dalotuzumab, dapirolizumab pegol, daratumumab, dectrekumab, demcizumab, denintuzumab mafodotin, denosumab, depatuxizumab mafodotin, derlotuximab biotin, dezamizumab, dinutuximab, diridavumab, domagrozumab, dostarlimab, drozitumab, DS-8201, duligotuzumab, dupilumab, durvalumab, dusigitumab, duvortuxizumab, ecromeximab, eculizumab, efalizumab, efungumab, eldelumab, elezanumab, elgemtumab, elotuzumab, emactuzumab, emapalumab, emibetuzumab, emicizumab, enapotamab vedotin, enavatuzumab, enfortumab vedotin, enoblituzumab, enokizumab, enoticumab, ensituximab, epratuzumab, eptinezumab, erenumab, erlizumab, etaracizumab, etigilimab, etrolizumab, evinacumab, evolocumab, exbivirumab, faricimab, farletuzumab, fasinumamb, felvizumab, fezakinumab, fibatuzumab, ficlatuzumab, figitumumab, firivumab, flanvotumab, fletikumab, flotetuzumab, fontolizumab, foralumab, foravirumab, fremanezumab, fresolimumab, frovocimab, fulranumab, futuximab, galcanezumab, galiximab, gancotamab, ganitumab, gantenerumab, gatipotuzumab, gedivumab, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, gevokizumab, gimsilumab, girentuximab, glembatumumab vedotin, golimumab, gomiliximab, gosuranemab, guselkumab, ianalumab, ibalizumab, IBI308, icrucumab, idarucizumab, ifabotuzumab, iladatuzumab vedotin, IMAB362, imalumab, imaprelimab, imgatuzumab, inclacumab, indatuximab ravtansine, indusatumab vedotin, inebilizumab, infliximab, intelumumab, inotuzumab ozogamicin, ipilimumab, iratumumab, isatuximab, iscalimab, istiratumab, itolizumab, ixekizumab, keliximab, labetuzumab, lacnotuzumab, ladiratuzumab vedotin, lampalizumab, lanadelumab, landogrozumab, laprituximab emtansine, larcaviximab, lebrikizumab, lendalizumab, lenvervimab, lenzilumab, lerdelimumab, leronlimab, lesolimab, letolizumab, lexatumumab, libivirumab, lifastuzumab vedotin, ligelizumab, loncastuximab tesirine, losatuxizumab vedotin, lintuzumab, lirilumab, lodelcizumab, lorvotuzumab mertansine, lucatumumab, lulizumab, lumiliximab, lumretuzumab, lupartumab amadotin, lutikizumab, mapatumumab, margetuximab, marstacimab, maslimomab, mavrilimumab, matuzumab, mepolizumab, metelimumab, milatuzumab, mirikizumab, mirvetuximab soravtansine, modotuximab, mogamulizumab, monalizumab, morolimumab, mosunetuzumab, motavizumab, namilumab, naratuximab emtansine, narnatumab, natalizumab, navicixizumab, navivumab, naxitamab, nebacumab, necitumumab, nemolizumab, NEOD001, nesvacumab, netakimab, nimotuzumab, nirsevimab, nivolumab, obiltoxaximab, obinutuzumab, ocaratuzumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, olaratumab, oleclumab, olendalizumab, olokizumab, omalizumab, OMS721, onartuzumab, onartuzumab, ontuxizumab, onvatilimab, opicinumab, oportuzumab monatox, orticumab, otelixizumab, otilimab, otlertuzumab, oxelumab, ozanezumab, ozoralizumab, pagibaximab, palivizumab, pmrevlumab, panitumumab, pankomab, panobacumab, parsatuzumab, pascolizumab, pasotuxizumab, pateclizumab, patritumab, PDR001, pembrolizumab, perakizumab, pertuzumab, pexelizumab, pidilizumab, pinatuzumab vedotin, placulumab, plozalizumab, pogalizumab, polatuzumab vedotin, ponezumab, porgaviximab, prasinezumab, prezalizumab, priliximab, pritoxaximab, pritumumab, PRO 140, quilizumab, radretumab, rafivirumab, ralpancizumab, ramucirumab, ranibizumab, a ranibizumab variant, raxibacumab, ravagalimab, ravulizumab, refanezumab, regavirumab, relatlimab, remtolumab, reslizumab, rilotumumab, rinucumab, risankizumab, rituximab, rivabazumab pegol, robatumumab, Rmab, roledumab, romikimab, romosozumab, rontalizumab, rosmantuzumab, rovalptuzumab tesirine, rovelizumab, rozanolixizumab, ruplizumab, SA237, sacituzumab govitecan, samalizumab, samrotamab vedotin, sarilumab, satralizumab, secukinumab, selicrelumab, seribantumab, setoxaximab, setrusumab, sevirumab, sibrotuzumab, SGN- CD19A, SHP647, sifalimumab, siltuximab, simtuzumab, siplizumab, sirtratumab vedotin, sirukumab, sofituzumab vedotin, solanezumab, sonepcizumab, sontuzumab, spartalizumab, stamulumab, suptavumab, sutimlimab, suvizumab, suvratoxumab, tabalumab, tacatuzumab tetraxetan, tadocizumab, talizumab, tanezumab, tarextumab, tavolimab, tefibazumab, telisotuzumab vedotin, teneliximab, teplizumab, tepoditamab, teprotumumab, tesidolumab, tetulomab, tezepelumab, TGN1412, tibulizumab, tildrakizumab, tigatuzumab, timigutuzumab, timolumab, tiragotumab, tiselizumab, tisotumab vedotin, TNX-650, tocilizumab, tomuzotuximab, toralizumab, tosatoxumab, tositumomab, tovetumab, tralokinumab, trastuzumab, TRBS07, tregalizumab, tremelimumab, trevogrumab, tucotuzumab celmoleukin, tuvirumab, ublituximab, ulocuplumab, urelumab, urtoxazumab, ustekinumab, utomilumab, vadastuximab talirine, vanalimab, vandotuzumab vedotin, vantictumab, vanucizumab, vapaliximab, varisacumab, varlilumab, vatelizumab, vedolizumab, veltuzumab, vesencumab, visilizumab, vobarilizumab, volociximab, vonterolizumab, vopratelimab, vorsetuzumab, votumumab, vunakizumab, xentuzumab, XMAB-5574, zalutumumab, zanolimumab, zatuximab, zenocutuzumab, ziralimumab, and zolbetuximab, and an antigen-binding antibody fragment of any of these antibodies. In some embodiments, the recombinant protein is an antibody or antigen-binding antibody fragment that binds to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In some embodiments, the antigen-binding antibody fragment is ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant. Ranibizumab is a recombinant humanized IgG1 kappa isotype monoclonal antibody fragment. Ranibizumab binds to and inhibits the biologic activity of human vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). Ranibizumab, which lacks an Fc region, has a molecular weight of approximately 48 kilodaltons. Ranibizumab binds to the receptor binding site of active forms of VEGF-A, including the biologically active, cleaved form of this molecule, VEGF110. The binding of ranibizumab to VEGF-A prevents the interaction of VEGF-A with its receptors (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2) on the surface of endothelial cells, reducing endothelial cell proliferation, vascular leakage, and new blood vessel formation. Ranibizumab has been described in U.S. patent 6,407,213 (in addition to non-human CDRs derived from the sequence of the murine antibody, ranibizumab comprises framework substitutions in the variable domains at positions 4 and 46 in the light chain (VL) and positions 49, 69, 71, 73, 76, 78, and 94 in the heavy chain (VH)), and in US 7,060,269 (Y0317 light chain SEQ ID NO: 1 and heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 2). Light Chain (SEQ ID NO: 1) Heavy Chain (SEQ ID NO: 2) In some embodiments, ranibizumab includes the amino acid sequence of one or both of SEQ ID NO: 3 and 4. Light Chain of Ranibizumab (SEQ ID NO: 3) Heavy Chain of Ranibizumab (SEQ ID NO: 4) Any of the methods described herein can also be performed using a ranibizumab variant. A ranibizumab variant, e.g., can have 1 to 25 (e.g., 1 to 20, 1 to 15, 1 to 10, one to 10, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, or 1 or 2 amino acid substitutions in either the heavy chain (e.g, SEQ ID NO: 4) and/or the light chain (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 3) of ranibizumab. In some embodiments, a ranibizumab variant can include an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% (e.g., at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 88%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100%) identical to SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, a raninizumab variant can include an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% (e.g., at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 88%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100%) identical to SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, a ranibizumab variant can include a sequence that differs from the amino sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 by 1 to 30 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30) amino acids. In some embodiments, a ranibizumab variant can include a sequence that differs from the amino sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 by 1 to 30 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30) amino acids. For example, a ranibizumab variant can include a sequence that differs from the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 and/or SEQ ID NO: 4 by one or more amino acids, the amino acid present in SEQ ID NO: 3 and/or SEQ ID NO: 4 can be replaced by a similar amino acid. For example, a serine can be replaced by any of glycine, alanine, serine, threonine, or proline; arginine can be replaced by asparagine, lysine, glutamine, or histidine; leucine can be replaced by phenylalanine, isoleucine, valine, or methionine; proline can be replaced with glycine, alanine, serine, or threonine; alanine can be replaced with glycine, threonine, proline, or serine; valine can be replaced with methionine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, or leucine; glycine can be replaced with alanine, threonine, proline, or serine; isoleucine can be replaced with phenylalanine, valine, leucine, or methionine; phenylalanine can be replaced with tryptophan or tyrosine; tyrosine can be replaced with tryptophan or phenylalanine; cysteine can be replaced with serine or threonine; histidine can be replaced with asparagine, lysine, glutamine, or arginine; glutamine can be replaced with glutamic acid, asparagine, or aspartic acid; asparagine can be replaced with glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or glutamine; lysine can be replaced with asparagine, glutamine, arginine, or histidine; asparatic acid can be replaced with glutamic acid, asparagine, or glutamine; glutamic acid can be replaced by asparagine, aspartic acid, or glutamine; methionine can be replaced with phenylalanine, isoleucine, valine, or leucine; and tryptophan can be replaced with phenylalanine or tyrosine. In some examples, a precursor form of the recombinant protein can include a signal sequence. Non-limiting examples of signal sequences include: In some embodiments, a secreted recombinant protein is recovered and optionally purified from a liquid culture medium (e.g., using any of the exemplary methods known in the art). In some embodiments, at least about 30% (e.g., at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or at least about 99%) of the secreted recombinant protein is properly folded or unfolded in the liquid culture medium. In some embodiments, less than about 30% (e.g., less than about 25%, less than about 20%, less than about 15%, less than about 10%, less than about 8%, less than about 6%, less than about 4%, less than about 2%, or less than about 1%) of the secreted recombinant protein is not properly folded or unfolded in the liquid culture medium. In some embodiments, the light chain of ranibizumab is encoded by a sequence that is at least 70% identical (e.g., at least 72% identical, at least 74% identical, at least 76% identical, at least 78% identical, at least 80% identical, at least 82% identical, at least 84% identical, at least 86% identical, at least 88% identical, at least 90% identical, at least 92% identical, at least 94% identical, at least 96% identical, at least 98% identical, at least 99% identical, or 100% identical) to: In some embodiments, the heavy chain of ranibizumab is encoded by a sequence that is at least 70% identical (e.g., at least 72% identical, at least 74% identical, at least 76% identical, at least 78% identical, at least 80% identical, at least 82% identical, at least 84% identical, at least 86% identical, at least 88% identical, at least 90% identical, at least 92% identical, at least 94% identical, at least 96% identical, at least 98% identical, at least 99% identical, or 100% identical) to: Recombinant Bacterium In some embodiments, the recombinant bacterium is a recombinant bacterium (e.g., a Gram-negative bacterium) including a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant protein (e.g., any of the exemplary recombinant proteins described herein or known in the art). In some embodiments of any of the recombinant bacteria described herein, the recombinant bacterium can have a type II secretion mechanism (described in, e.g., von Tils et al., Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol.2(160):1-11, 2012, and Mergulhao et al., Biotechnol. Advances 23:177-202, 2005). Non-limiting examples of bacterium cultured in any of the methods described herein include: an E. coli strain (e.g., , a BL21 E. coli strain, a 60E4 E. coli strain, E. coli JM109 strain, E. coli MC4100 strain, E. coli DH5α strain, E. coli KS476 (degP) strain, E. coli TX1 strain, E. coli HB101 strain, E. coli JM105 strain, E. coli TOP10 strain, E. coli TOP10 Fˊ strain, E. coli 60E4 strain, E. coli RV308 strain, E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain, E. coli HM114 strain, E. coli TB1, E. coli K12 strain, E. coli AF1000 strain, E. coli MC1061 strain, E. coli CC118 strain, E. coli RB791 strain, E. coli CC202 strain, E. coli SF110 strain, E. coli TG1 strain, E. coli HB2151 strain, E. coli XL1-Blue MRFˊstrain, E. coli WCM105 strain, or E. coli C600-1 strain), a Yersinia strain, an Acinetobacter strain, a Bordella strain, a Brucella strain, a Cyanobacter strain, an Enterobacter strain, a Helicobacter strain, a Klebsiella strain, a Neisseria strain, a Pasteurella strain, a Pseudomonas strain (e.g., Pseudomonas arginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens), a Salmonella strain, Ralstonia strain (e.g., Ralstonia eutropha), and a Shigella strain. In some embodiments, the recombinant bacterium includes at least one nucleic acid with at least one (e.g., at least two) sequence encoding a recombinant protein. For example, the recombinant bacterium can include a nucleic acid encoding an antibody light chain and an antibody heavy chain. In some examples, the recombinant bacterium can include a nucleic acid encoding a light chain variable domain and a heavy chain variable domain. In some examples, a recombinant bacterium can include a first nucleic acid encoding an antibody light chain and a second nucleic acid encoding an antibody heavy chain. In some examples, a recombinant bacterium can include a first nucleic acid encoding a light chain variable domain and a second nucleic acid encoding a heavy chain variable domain. In some embodiments, the recombinant protein is an immunoglobulin. In still another embodiment, the immunoglobulin is light chain of an antibody, the heavy chain of antibody, or both the heavy and light chains of an antibody. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding antibody fragment is ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant. In some embodiments, the recombinant bacterium includes at least one nucleic acid that encodes SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, the recombinant bacterium includes at least one nucleic acid that encodes SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, the recombinant bacterium includes one nucleic acid that encodes SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, the recombinant bacterium includes a first nucleic acid encoding SEQ ID NO: 3 and a second nucleic acid encoding SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, the recombinant bacterium expresses a nucleic acid that is under control of at least one promoter (e.g., operably linked to at least one promoter). Non- limiting examples of promoters include a phoA promoter, a lac promoter, a tac promoter, a phoA promoter, a tetA promoter, a araBAD promoter, a T7 promoter, a T7/lac promoter, a lacUV5 promoter, a lacUV5 promoter, a trc promoter, or a cspA promoter. Additional promoters that can be used to express a nucleic acid in a recombinant bacterium are known in the art. Non-limiting examples of expression vectors that can be used to express any of the recombinant proteins described herein include pOPE101-XP, pTTO-1, or pDNAbEng-1. Another example of an expression vector that can be used to express any of the recombinant proteins described herein is shown in Figure 1. In some examples of these expression vectors, the expression can include an origin of replication. Non-limiting examples of origins of replication include pMB1, ColE1, pUC, p15A, or pSC101. In some examples of these expression vectors, the expression vector can further include a selectable marker, e.g., an antibiotic resistance gene (e.g., Amp, Cm, Tet, or Kan resistance gene). Additional examples of expression vectors and origins of replication and promoters that can be used in expression vectors are described in U.S. Patent No.5,595,898, U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2012/0137162, U.S. Patent No.7, 754,447, U.S. Reissued Patent No.44,512, European Patent No.1664278, and U.S. Patent No.9,267,164 (incorporated herein by reference). Liquid Culture Media Liquid culture media include ingredients and nutrients that are generally useful for bacterial growth (e.g., a carbon source (e.g., glucose, glutamate, galactose, citric acid, glycerol, or a combination thereof) and a nitrogen source (e.g., yeast extract, ammonium salt, nitrates)). In some embodiments, liquid culture media and/or recombinant protein production media is supplemented with an antibiotic (e.g., tetracycline), and/or a phosphate (e.g., inorganic phosphate). In some embodiments, the liquid culture media includes animal-free components. In some embodiments, the liquid culture media include tryptone and/or N-Z amine type A. In some embodiments, the pH of the culture medium is between about 3.0 to about 8.0 (e.g., about 3.0 to about 7.5, about 3.0 to about 7.0, about 3.0 to about 6.5, about 3.0 to about 6.0, about 3.0 to about 5.5, about 3.0 to about 5.0, about 3.0 to about 4.5, about 3.0 to about 4.0, about 3.0 to about 3.5, about 4.0 to about 7.5, about 4.0 to about 7.0, about 4.0 to about 6.5, about 4.0 to about 6.0, about 4.0 to about 5.5, about 4.0 to about 5.0, about 4.0 to about 4.5, about 5.0 to about 7.5, about 5.0 to about 7.0, about 5.0 to about 6.5, about 5.0 to about 6.0, about 5.0 to about 5.5, about 6.0 to about 7.5, about 6.0 to about 7.0, about 6.0 to about 6.5, about 6.5 to about 7.5, about 6.5 to about 7.0, or about 7.0 to about 7.5). In some embodiments, the pH of the liquid culture medium used during a growth phase can be between about 6.5 to about 7.75 (e.g., about 6.5 to about 7.70, about 6.5 to about 7.65, about 6.5 to about 7.60, about 6.5 to about 7.55, about 6.5 to about 7.50, about 6.5 to about 7.45, about 6.5 to about 7.40, about 6.5 to about 7.35, about 6.5 to about 7.30, about 6.5 to about 7.25, about 6.5 to about 7.20, about 6.5 to about 7.15, about 6.5 to about 7.10, about 6.5 to about 7.05, about 6.5 to about 7.00, about 6.5 to about 6.95, about 6.5 to about 6.90, about 6.5 to about 6.85, about 6.5 to about 6.80, about 6.5 to about 6.75, about 6.5 to about 6.70, about 6.5 to about 6.65, about 6.5 to about 6.60, about 6.5 to about 6.55, about 6.6 to about 7.75, about 6.6 to about 7.70, about 6.6 to about 7.65, about 6.6 to about 7.60, about 6.6 to about 7.55, about 6.6 to about 7.50, about 6.6 to about 7.45, about 6.6 to about 7.40, about 6.6 to about 7.35, about 6.6 to about 7.30, about 6.6 to about 7.25, about 6.6 to about 7.20, about 6.6 to about 7.15, about 6.6 to about 7.10, about 6.6 to about 7.05, about 6.6 to about 7.00, about 6.6 to about 6.95, about 6.6 to about 6.90, about 6.6 to about 6.85, about 6.6 to about 6.80, about 6.6 to about 6.75, about 6.6 to about 6.70, about 6.6 to about 6.65, about 6.7 to about 7.75, about 6.7 to about 7.70, about 6.7 to about 7.65, about 6.7 to about 7.60, about 6.7 to about 7.55, about 6.7 to about 7.50, about 6.7 to about 7.45, about 6.7 to about 7.40, about 6.7 to about 7.35, about 6.7 to about 7.30, about 6.7 to about 7.25, about 6.7 to about 7.20, about 6.7 to about 7.15, about 6.7 to about 7.10, about 6.7 to about 7.05, about 6.7 to about 7.00, about 6.7 to about 6.95, about 6.7 to about 6.90, about 6.7 to about 6.85, about 6.7 to about 6.80, about 6.7 to about 6.75, about 6.8 to about 7.75, about 6.8 to about 7.70, about 6.8 to about 7.65, about 6.8 to about 7.60, about 6.8 to about 7.55, about 6.8 to about 7.50, about 6.8 to about 7.45, about 6.8 to about 7.40, about 6.8 to about 7.35, about 6.8 to about 7.30, about 6.8 to about 7.25, about 6.8 to about 7.20, about 6.8 to about 7.15, about 6.8 to about 7.10, about 6.8 to about 7.05, about 6.8 to about 7.00, about 6.8 to about 6.95, about 6.8 to about 6.90, about 6.8 to about 6.85, about 6.9 to about 7.75, about 6.9 to about 7.70, about 6.9 to about 7.65, about 6.9 to about 7.60, about 6.9 to about 7.55, about 6.9 to about 7.50, about 6.9 to about 7.45, about 6.9 to about 7.40, about 6.9 to about 7.35, about 6.9 to about 7.30, about 6.9 to about 7.25, about 6.9 to about 7.20, about 6.9 to about 7.15, about 6.9 to about 7.10, about 6.9, to about 7.05, about 6.9 to about 7.00, about 6.9 to about 6.95, about 7.0 to about 7.75, about 7.0 to about 7.70, about 7.0 to about 7.65, about 7.0 to about 7.60, about 7.0 to about 7.55, about 7.0 to about 7.50, about 7.0 to about 7.45, about 7.0 to about 7.40, about 7.0 to about 7.35, about 7.0 to about 7.30, about 7.0 to about 7.25, about 7.0 to about 7.20, about 7.0 to about 7.15, about 7.0 to about 7.10, about 7.0 to about 7.05, about 7.1 to about 7.75, about 7.1 to about 7.70, about 7.1 to about 7.65, about 7.1 to about 7.60, about 7.1 to about 7.55, about 7.1 to about 7.50, about 7.1 to about 7.45, about 7.1 to about 7.40, about 7.1 to about 7.35, about 7.1 to about 7.30, about 7.1 to about 7.25, about 7.1 to about 7.20, about 7.1 to about 7.15, about 7.2 to about 7.75, about 7.2 to about 7.70, about 7.2 to about 7.65, about 7.2 to about 7.60, about 7.2 to about 7.55, about 7.2 to about 7.50, about 7.2 to about 7.45, about 7.2 to about 7.40, about 7.2 to about 7.35, about 7.2 to about 7.30, about 7.2 to about 7.25, about 7.3 to about 7.75, about 7.3 to about 7.70, about 7.3 to about 7.65, about 7.3 to about 7.60, about 7.3 to about 7.55, about 7.3 to about 7.50, about 7.3 to about 7.45, about 7.3 to about 7.40, about 7.3 to about 7.35, about 7.4 to about 7.75, about 7.4 to about 7.70, about 7.4 to about 7.65, about 7.4 to about 7.60, about 7.4 to about 7.55, about 7.4 to about 7.50, about 7.4 to about 7.45, about 7.5 to about 7.75, about 7.5 to about 7.70, about 7.5 to about 7.65, about 7.5 to about 7.60, about 7.5 to about 7.55, about 7.6 to about 7.75 , about 7.6 to about 7.70, about 7.6 to about 7.65, or about 7.7 to about 7.75). In some embodiments, the pH of the liquid culture medium used during the protein production phase can be between about 5.75 to about 7.0 (e.g., about 5.75 to about 6.95, about 5.75 to about 6.90, about 5.75 to about 6.85, about 5.75 to about 6.80, about 5.75 to about 6.75, about 5.75 to about 6.70, about 5.75 to about 6.65, about 5.75 to about 6.60, about 5.75 to about 6.55, about 5.75 to about 6.50, about 5.75 to about 6.45, about 5.75 to about 6.40, about 5.75 to about 6.35, about 5.75 to about 6.30, about 5.75 to about 6.25, about 5.75 to about 6.20, about 5.75 to about 6.15, about 5.75 to about 6.10, about 5.75 to about 6.05, about 5.75 to about 6.00, about 5.75 to about 5.95, about 5.75 to about 5.90, about 5.75 to about 5.85, about 5.75 to about 5.80, about 5.8 to about 7.0, about 5.8 to about 6.95, about 5.8 to about 6.90, about 5.8 to about 6.85, about 5.8 to about 6.80, about 5.8 to about 6.75, about 5.8 to about 6.70, about 5.8 to about 6.65, about 5.8 to about 6.60, about 5.8 to about 6.55, about 5.8 to about 6.50, about 5.8 to about 6.45, about 5.8 to about 6.40, about 5.8 to about 6.35, about 5.8 to about 6.30, about 5.8 to about 6.25, about 5.8 to about 6.20, about 5.8 to about 6.15, about 5.8 to about 6.10, about 5.8 to about 6.05, about 5.8 to about 6.00, about 5.8 to about 5.95, about 5.8 to about 5.90, about 5.8 to about 5.85, about 5.9 to about 7.0, about 5.9 to about 6.95, about 5.9 to about 6.90, about 5.9 to about 6.85, about 5.9 to about 6.80, about 5.9 to about 6.75, about 5.9 to about 6.70, about 5.9 to about 6.65, about 5.9 to about 6.60, about 5.9 to about 6.55, about 5.9 to about 6.50, about 5.9 to about 6.45, about 5.9 to about 6.40, about 5.9 to about 6.35, about 5.9 to about 6.30, about 5.9 to about 6.25, about 5.9 to about 6.20, about 5.9 to about 6.15, about 5.9 to about 6.10, about 5.9 to about 6.05, about 5.9 to about 6.00, about 5.9 to about 5.95, about 6.0 to about 7.0, about 6.0 to about 6.95, about 6.0 to about 6.90, about 6.0 to about 6.85, about 6.0 to about 6.80, about 6.0 to about 6.75, about 6.0 to about 6.70, about 6.0 to about 6.65, about 6.0 to about 6.60, about 6.0 to about 6.55, about 6.0 to about 6.50, about 6.0 to about 6.45, about 6.0 to about 6.40, about 6.0 to about 6.35, about 6.0 to about 6.30, about 6.0 to about 6.25, about 6.0 to about 6.20, about 6.0 to about 6.15, about 6.0 to about 6.10, about 6.0 to about 6.05, about 6.1 to about 7.0, about 6.1 to about 6.95, about 6.1 to about 6.90, about 6.1 to about 6.85, about 6.1 to about 6.80, about 6.1 to about 6.75, about 6.1 to about 6.70, about 6.1 to about 6.65, about 6.1 to about 6.60, about 6.1 to about 6.55, about 6.1 to about 6.50, about 6.1 to about 6.45, about 6.1 to about 6.40, about 6.1 to about 6.35, about 6.1 to about 6.30, about 6.1 to about 6.25, about 6.1 to about 6.20, about 6.1 to about 6.15, about 6.2 to about 7.0, about 6.2 to about 6.95, about 6.2 to about 6.90, about 6.2 to about 6.85, about 6.2 to about 6.80, about 6.2 to about 6.75, about 6.2 to about 6.70, about 6.2 to about 6.65, about 6.2 to about 6.60, about 6.2 to about 6.55, about 6.2 to about 6.50, about 6.2 to about 6.45, about 6.2 to about 6.40, about 6.2 to about 6.35, about 6.2 to about 6.30, about 6.2 to about 6.25, about 6.3 to about 7.0, about 6.3 to about 6.95, about 6.3 to about 6.90, about 6.3 to about 6.85, about 6.3 to about 6.80, about 6.3 to about 6.75, about 6.3 to about 6.70, about 6.3 to about 6.65, about 6.3 to about 6.60, about 6.3 to about 6.55, about 6.3 to about 6.50, about 6.3 to about 6.45, about 6.3 to about 6.40, about 6.3 to about 6.35, about 6.4 to about 7.0, about 6.4 to about 6.95, about 6.4 to about 6.90, about 6.4 to about 6.85, about 6.4 to about 6.80, about 6.4 to about 6.75, about 6.4 to about 6.70, about 6.4 to about 6.65, about 6.4 to about 6.60, about 6.4 to about 6.55, about 6.4 to about 6.50, about 6.4 to about 6.45, about 6.5 to about 7.0, about 6.5 to about 6.95, about 6.5 to about 6.90, about 6.5 to about 6.85, about 6.5 to about 6.80, about 6.5 to about 6.75, about 6.5 to about 6.70, about 6.5 to about 6.65, about 6.5 to about 6.60, about 6.5 to about 6.55, about 6.6 to about 7.0, about 6.6 to about 6.95, about 6.6 to about 6.90, about 6.6 to about 6.85, about 6.6 to about 6.80, about 6.6 to about 6.75, about 6.6 to about 6.70, about 6.6 to about 6.65, about 6.7 to about 7.0, about 6.7 to about 6.95, about 6.7 to about 6.90, about 6.7 to about 6.85, about 6.7 to about 6.80, about 6.7 to about 6.75, about 6.8 to about 7.0, about 6.8 to about 6.95, about 6.8 to about 6.90, about 6.8 to about 6.85, about 6.9 to about 7.0, about 6.9 to about 6.95, or about 6.95 to about 7.0). In some embodiments, the culture medium includes about 1.0 mg/L to about 100.0 mg/L (e.g., about 1.0 mg/L to about 75 mg/L, about 10 mg/L to about 50 mg/L, about 1.0 mg/L to about 12.5 mg/L, about 1.0 mg/L to about 10.0 mg/L, about 1.0 mg/L to about 7.5 mg/L, about 1.0 mg/L to about 5.0 mg/L, about 1.0 mg/L to about 2.5 mg/L, about 2.5 mg/L to about 15.0 mg/L, about 2.5 mg/L to about 12.5 mg/L, about 2.5 mg/L to about 10.0 mg/L, about 2.5 mg/L to about 7.5 mg/L, about 2.5 mg/L to about 5.0 mg/L, about 5.0 mg/L to about 15.0 mg/L, about 5.0 mg/L to about 12.5 mg/L, about 5.0 mg/L to about 10.0 mg/L, about 5.0 mg/L to about 7.5 mg/L, about 7.5 mg/mL to about 15.0 mg/L, about 7.5 mg/L to about 12.5 mg/L, about 7.5 mg/L to about 10.0 mg/L, about 10.0 mg/L to about 15.0 mg/L, about 10.0 mg/L to about 12.5 mg/L, about 12.5 mg/L to about 15.0 mg/L, about 25 mg/L to about 75 mg/L, , about 40 mg/L to about 60 mg/L, or , about 45 mg/L to about 55 mg/L) of antibiotic (e.g., carbenicillin, tetracycline). In some embodiments, the culture medium includes about 50 mg/L carbenicillin or about 10 mg/L tetracycline. In some embodiments, the liquid culture medium includes about 0.025 g/L to about 10.0 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 6.0 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 5.5 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 5.0 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 4.75 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 4.50 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 4.25 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 4.0 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 3.75 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 3.50 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 3.25 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 3.0 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 2.75 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 2.50 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 2.25 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 2.0 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 1.75 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 1.50 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 1.25 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 1.0 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 0.75 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 0.5 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 0.25 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 0.20 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 0.10 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 0.075 g/L, about 0.025 g/L to about 0.05 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 10.0 g/L , about 0.05 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 6.0 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 5.5 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 5.0 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 4.75 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 4.50 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 4.25 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 4.0 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 3.75 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 3.50 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 3.25 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 3.0 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 2.75 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 2.50 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 2.25 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 2.0 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 1.75 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 1.50 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 1.25 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 1.0 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 0.75 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 0.5 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 0.25 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 0.20 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 0.10 g/L, about 0.05 g/L to about 0.075 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 10.0 g/L , about 0.075 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 6.0 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 5.5 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 5.0 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 4.75 g/L , about 0.075 g/L to about 4.50 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 4.25 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 4.0 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 3.75 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 3.50 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 3.25 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 3.0 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 2.75 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 2.50 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 2.25 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 2.0 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 1.75 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 1.50 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 1.25 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 1.0 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 0.75 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 0.5 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 0.25 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 0.20 g/L, about 0.075 g/L to about 0.10 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 10.0 g/L , about 0.1 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 6.0 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 5.5 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 5.0 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 4.75 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 4.50 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 4.25 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 4.0 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 3.75 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 3.50 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 3.25 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 3.0 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 2.75 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 2.50 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 2.25 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 2.0 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 1.75 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 1.50 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 1.25 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 1.0 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 0.75 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 0.5 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 0.25 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 0.20 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 10.0 g/L , about 0.2 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 6.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 5.5 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 5.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 4.75 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 4.50 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 4.25 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 4.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 3.75 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 3.50 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 3.25 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 3.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 2.75 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 2.50 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 2.25 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 2.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 1.75 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 1.50 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 1.25 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 1.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 0.75 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 0.5 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 0.25 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 10.0 g/L , about 0.5 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 6.0 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 5.5 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 5.0 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 4.75 g/L , about 0.5 g/L to about 4.50 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 4.25 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 4.0 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 3.75 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 3.50 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 3.25 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 3.0 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 2.75 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 2.50 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 2.25 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 2.0 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 1.75 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 1.50 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 1.25 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 1.0 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 0.75 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 10.0 g/L , about 1.0 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 6.0 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 5.5 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 5.0 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 4.75 g/L , about 1.0 g/L to about 4.50 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 4.25 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 4.0 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 3.75 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 3.50 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 3.25 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 3.0 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 2.75 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 2.50 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 2.25 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 2.0 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 1.75 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 1.50 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 1.25 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 10.0 g/L , about 2.0 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 6.0 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 5.5 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 5.0 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 4.75 g/L , about 2.0 g/L to about 4.50 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 4.25 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 4.0 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 3.75 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 3.50 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 3.25 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 3.0 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 2.75 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 2.50 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 2.25 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 10.0 g/L , about 3.0 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 6.0 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 5.5 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 5.0 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 4.75 g/L , about 3.0 g/L to about 4.50 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 4.25 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 4.0 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 3.75 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 3.50 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 3.25 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 10.0 g/L , about 4.0 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 6.0 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 5.5 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 5.0 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 4.75 g/L , about 4.0 g/L to about 4.50 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 4.25 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 10.0 g/L , about 5.0 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 6.0 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 5.5 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 10.0 g/L , about 6.0 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 10.0 g/L , about 7.0 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 10.0 g/L , about 8.0 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 10.0 g/L , about 9.0 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, or about 9.5 g/L to about 10.0 g/L of glycerol. In some embodiments, a feed liquid culture medium can include about 100 g/L to about 1000 g/L, about 100 g/L to about 950 g/L, about 100 g/L to about 900 g/L, about 100 g/L to about 850 g/L, about 100 g/L to about 800 g/L, about 100 g/L to about 750 g/L, about 100 g/L to about 700 g/L, about 100 g/L to about 650 g/L, about 100 g/L to about 600 g/L, about 100 g/L to about 550 g/L, about 100 g/L to about 500 g/L, about 100 g/L to about 450 g/L, about 100 g/L to about 400 g/L, about 100 g/L to about 350 g/L, about 100 g/L to about 300 g/L, about 100 g/L to about 250 g/L, about 100 g/L to about 200 g/L, about 100 g/L to about 150 g/L. about 200 g/L to about 1000 g/L, about 200 g/L to about 950 g/L, about 200 g/L to about 900 g/L, about 200 g/L to about 850 g/L, about 200 g/L to about 800 g/L, about 200 g/L to about 750 g/L, about 200 g/L to about 700 g/L, about 200 g/L to about 650 g/L, about 200 g/L to about 600 g/L, about 200 g/L to about 550 g/L, about 200 g/L to about 500 g/L, about 200 g/L to about 450 g/L, about 200 g/L to about 400 g/L, about 200 g/L to about 350 g/L, about 200 g/L to about 300 g/L, about 200 g/L to about 250 g/L, about 300 g/L to about 1000 g/L, about 300 g/L to about 950 g/L, about 300 g/L to about 900 g/L, about 300 g/L to about 850 g/L, about 300 g/L to about 800 g/L, about 300 g/L to about 750 g/L, about 300 g/L to about 700 g/L, about 300 g/L to about 650 g/L, about 300 g/L to about 600 g/L, about 300 g/L to about 550 g/L, about 300 g/L to about 500 g/L, about 300 g/L to about 450 g/L, about 300 g/L to about 400 g/L, about 300 g/L to about 350 g/L, about 400 g/L to about 1000 g/L, about 400 g/L to about 950 g/L, about 400 g/L to about 900 g/L, about 400 g/L to about 850 g/L, about 400 g/L to about 800 g/L, about 400 g/L to about 750 g/L, about 400 g/L to about 700 g/L, about 400 g/L to about 650 g/L, about 400 g/L to about 600 g/L, about 400 g/L to about 550 g/L, about 400 g/L to about 500 g/L, about 400 g/L to about 450 g/L, about 500 g/L to about 1000 g/L, about 500 g/L to about 950 g/L, about 500 g/L to about 900 g/L, about 500 g/L to about 850 g/L, about 500 g/L to about 800 g/L, about 500 g/L to about 750 g/L, about 500 g/L to about 700 g/L, about 500 g/L to about 650 g/L, about 500 g/L to about 600 g/L, about 500 g/L to about 550 g/L, about 600 g/L to about 1000 g/L, about 600 g/L to about 950 g/L, about 600 g/L to about 900 g/L, about 600 g/L to about 850 g/L, about 600 g/L to about 800 g/L, about 600 g/L to about 750 g/L, about 600 g/L to about 700 g/L, about 600 g/L to about 650 g/L, about 700 g/L to about 1000 g/L, about 700 g/L to about 950 g/L, about 700 g/L to about 900 g/L, about 700 g/L to about 850 g/L, about 700 g/L to about 800 g/L, about 700 g/L to about 750 g/L, about 800 g/L to about 1000 g/L, about 800 g/L to about 950 g/L, about 800 g/L to about 900 g/L, about 800 g/L to about 850 g/L, about 900 g/L to about 1000 g/L, about 900 g/L to about 950 g/L, or about 950 g/L to about 1000 g/L of glycerol. In some embodiments, the culture medium includes about 0.07 g/L to about 100 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 45 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 40 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 35 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 30 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 25 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 20 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 15 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 10 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about about 0.1 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 6.0 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 5.5 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 5.0 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 4.5 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 4.0 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 3.5 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 3.0 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 2.5 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 2.0 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 1.5 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 1.0 g/L, about 0.1 g/L to about 0.5 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 45 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 40 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 35 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 30 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 25 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 20 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 15 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 10.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 6.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 5.5 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 5.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 4.5 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 4.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 3.5 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 3.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 2.5 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 2.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 1.5 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 1.0 g/L, about 0.2 g/L to about 0.5 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 45 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 40 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 35 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 30 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 25 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 20 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 15 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 10.0 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 6.0 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 5.5 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 5.0 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 4.5 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 4.0 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 3.5 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 3.0 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 2.5 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 2.0 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 1.5 g/L, about 0.5 g/L to about 1.0 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 45 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 40 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 35 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 30 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 25 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 20 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 15 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 10.0 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 6.0 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 5.5 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 5.0 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 4.5 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 4.0 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 3.5 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 3.0 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 2.5 g/L, about 1.0 g/L to about 2.0 g/L, aabout 1.0 g/L to about 1.5 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 45 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 40 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 35 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 30 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 25 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 20 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 15 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 10.0 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 6.0 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 5.5 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 5.0 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 4.5 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 4.0 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 3.5 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 3.0 g/L, about 2.0 g/L to about 2.5 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 45 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 40 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 35 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 30 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 25 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 20 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 15 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 10.0 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 6.0 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 5.5 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 5.0 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 4.5 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 4.0 g/L, about 3.0 g/L to about 3.5 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 45 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 40 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 35 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 30 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 25 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 20 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 15 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 10.0 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 6.0 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 5.5 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 5.0 g/L, about 4.0 g/L to about 4.5 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 45 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 40 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 35 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 30 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 25 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 20 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 15 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 10.0 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 6.0 g/L, about 5.0 g/L to about 5.5 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 45 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 40 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 35 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 30 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 25 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 20 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 15 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 10.0 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 7.0 g/L, about 6.0 g/L to about 6.5 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 45 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 40 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 35 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 30 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 25 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 20 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 15 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 10.0 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 7.0 g/L to about 8.0 g/L, a about 7.0 g/L to about 7.5 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 45 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 40 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 35 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 30 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 25 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 20 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 15 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 10.0 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 9.0 g/L, about 8.0 g/L to about 8.5 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 45 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 40 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 35 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 30 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 25 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 20 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 15 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 10.0 g/L, about 9.0 g/L to about 9.5 g/L, about 9.5 g/L to about 10.0 g/L, about 10.0 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 10.0 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 10.0 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 10.0 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 10.0 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 10.0 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 10.0 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 10.0 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 10.0 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 10.0 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 10.0 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 10.0 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 10.0 g/L to about 45 g/L, about 10.0 g/L to about 40 g/L, about 10.0 g/L to about 35 g/L, about 10.0 g/L to about 30 g/L, about 10.0 g/L to about 25 g/L, about 10.0 g/L to about 20 g/L, about 10.0 g/L to about 15 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 45 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 40 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 35 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 30 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 25 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 20 g/L, about 20 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 20 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 20 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 20 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 20 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 20 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 20 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 20 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 20 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 20 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 20 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 20 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 20 g/L to about 45 g/L, about 20 g/L to about 40 g/L, about 20 g/L to about 35 g/L, about 20 g/L to about 30 g/L, about 20 g/L to about 25 g/L, about 25 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 25 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 25 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 25 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 25 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 25 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 25 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 25 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 25 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 25 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 25 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 25 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 25 g/L to about 45 g/L, about 25 g/L to about 40 g/L, about 25 g/L to about 35 g/L, about 25 g/L to about 30 g/L, about 30 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 30 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 30 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 30 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 30 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 30 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 30 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 30 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 30 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 30 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 30 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 30 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 30 g/L to about 45 g/L, about 30 g/L to about 40 g/L, about 30 g/L to about 35 g/L, about 35 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 35 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 35 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 35 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 35 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 35 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 35 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 35 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 35 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 35 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 35 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 35 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 35 g/L to about 45 g/L, about 35 g/L to about 40 g/L, about 40 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 40 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 40 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 40 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 40 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 40 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 40 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 40 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 40 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 40 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 40 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 40 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 40 g/L to about 45 g/L, about 45 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 45 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 45 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 45 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 45 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 45 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 45 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 45 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 45 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 45 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 45 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 45 g/L to about 50 g/L, about 50 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 50 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 50 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 50 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 50 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 50 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 50 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 50 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 50 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 50 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 50 g/L to about 55 g/L, about 55 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 55 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 55 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 55 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 55 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 55 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 55 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 55 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 55 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 55 g/L to about 60 g/L, about 60 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 60 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 60 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 60 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 60 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 60 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 60 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 60 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 60 g/L to about 65 g/L, about 65 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 65 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 65 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 65 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 65 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 65 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 65 g/L to about 72 g/L, about 65 g/L to about 70 g/L, about 70 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 70 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 70 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 70 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 70 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 70 g/L to about 75 g/L, about 75 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 75 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 75 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 75 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 75 g/L to about 80 g/L, about 80 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 80 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 80 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 80 g/L to about 85 g/L, about 85 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 85 g/L to about 95 g/L, about 85 g/L to about 90 g/L, about 90 g/L to about 100.0 g/L, about 90 g/L to about 95 g/L, or about 95 g/L to about 100 g/L of a magnesium salt (e.g., MgSO ₄ ●7H ₂ O or any of the other magnesium salts described herein or known in the art). In some embodiments, the liquid culture medium and/or the recombinant protein culture medium includes about 0.1 mM to about 300 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 275 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 250 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 225 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 200 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 175 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 150 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 125 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 100 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 75 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 50 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 41 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 40 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 35 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 30 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 25 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 20 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 10 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 5 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 2 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 1.0 mM, about 0.1 mM to about 0.5 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 300 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 275 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 250 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 225 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 200 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 175 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 150 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 125 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 100 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 75 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 50 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 41 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 40 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 35 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 30 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 25 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 20 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 10 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 5 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 2 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 1.0 mM, about 0.2 mM to about 0.5 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 300 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 275 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 250 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 225 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 200 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 175 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 150 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 125 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 100 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 75 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 50 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 41 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 40 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 35 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 30 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 25 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 20 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 10 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 5 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 2 mM, about 0.5 mM to about 1.0 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 300 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 275 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 250 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 225 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 200 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 175 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 150 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 125 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 100 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 75 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 50 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 41 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 40 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 35 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 30 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 25 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 20 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 10 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 5 mM, about 1.0 mM to about 2 mM, about 2 mM to about 41 mM, about 2 mM to about 300 mM, about 2 mM to about 275 mM, about 2 mM to about 250 mM, about 2 mM to about 225 mM, about 2 mM to about 200 mM, about 2 mM to about 175 mM, about 2 mM to about 150 mM, about 2 mM to about 125 mM, about 2 mM to about 100 mM, about 2 mM to about 75 mM, about 2 mM to about 50 mM, about 2 mM to about 41 mM, about 2 mM to about 40 mM, about 2 mM to about 35 mM, about 2 mM to about 30 mM, about 2 mM to about 25 mM, about 2 mM to about 20 mM, about 2 mM to about 10 mM, about 2 mM to about 5 mM, about 5 mM to about 300 mM, about 5 mM to about 275 mM, about 5 mM to about 250 mM, about 5 mM to about 225 mM, about 5 mM to about 200 mM, about 5 mM to about 175 mM, about 5 mM to about 150 mM, about 5 mM to about 125 mM, about 5 mM to about 100 mM, about 5 mM to about 75 mM, about 5 mM to about 50 mM, about 5 mM to about 41 mM, about 5 mM to about 40 mM, about 5 mM to about 35 mM, about 5 mM to about 30 mM, about 5 mM to about 25 mM, about 5 mM to about 20 mM, about 5 mM to about 10 mM, about 10 mM to about 300 mM, about 10 mM to about 275 mM, about 10 mM to about 250 mM, about 10 mM to about 225 mM, about 10 mM to about 200 mM, about 10 mM to about 175 mM, about 10 mM to about 150 mM, about 10 mM to about 125 mM, about 10 mM to about 100 mM, about 10 mM to about 75 mM, about 10 mM to about 50 mM, about 10 mM to about 41 mM, about 10 mM to about 40 mM, about 10 mM to about 35 mM, about 10 mM to about 30 mM, about 10 mM to about 25 mM, about 10 mM to about 20 mM, about 20 mM to about 300 mM, about 20 mM to about 275 mM, about 20 mM to about 250 mM, about 20 mM to about 225 mM, about 20 mM to about 200 mM, about 20 mM to about 175 mM, about 20 mM to about 150 mM, about 20 mM to about 125 mM, about 20 mM to about 100 mM, about 20 mM to about 75 mM, about 20 mM to about 50 mM, about 20 mM to about 41 mM, about 20 mM to about 40 mM, about 20 mM to about 35 mM, about 20 mM to about 30 mM, about 20 mM to about 25 mM, about 25 mM to about 300 mM, about 25 mM to about 275 mM, about 25 mM to about 250 mM, about 25 mM to about 225 mM, about 25 mM to about 200 mM, about 25 mM to about 175 mM, about 25 mM to about 150 mM, about 25 mM to about 125 mM, about 25 mM to about 100 mM, about 25 mM to about 75 mM, about 25 mM to about 50 mM, about 25 mM to about 41 mM, about 25 mM to about 40 mM, about 25 mM to about 35 mM, about 25 mM to about 30 mM, about 30 mM to about 300 mM, about 30 mM to about 275 mM, about 30 mM to about 250 mM, about 30 mM to about 225 mM, about 30 mM to about 200 mM, about 30 mM to about 175 mM, about 30 mM to about 150 mM, about 30 mM to about 125 mM, about 30 mM to about 100 mM, about 30 mM to about 75 mM, about 30 mM to about 50 mM, about 30 mM to about 41 mM, about 30 mM to about 40 mM, about 30 mM to about 35 mM, about 35 mM to about 300 mM, about 35 mM to about 275 mM, about 35 mM to about 250 mM, about 35 mM to about 225 mM, about 35 mM to about 200 mM, about 35 mM to about 175 mM, about 35 mM to about 150 mM, about 35 mM to about 125 mM, about 35 mM to about 100 mM, about 35 mM to about 75 mM, about 35 mM to about 50 mM, about 35 mM to about 41 mM, about 35 mM to about 40 mM, about 40 mM to about 300 mM, about 40 mM to about 275 mM, about 40 mM to about 250 mM, about 40 mM to about 225 mM, about 40 mM to about 200 mM, about 40 mM to about 175 mM, about 40 mM to about 150 mM, about 40 mM to about 125 mM, about 40 mM to about 100 mM, about 40 mM to about 75 mM, about 40 mM to about 50 mM, about 50 mM to about 300 mM, about 50 mM to about 275 mM, about 50 mM to about 250 mM, about 50 mM to about 225 mM, about 50 mM to about 200 mM, about 50 mM to about 175 mM, about 50 mM to about 150 mM, about 50 mM to about 125 mM, about 50 mM to about 100 mM, about 50 mM to about 75 mM, about 75 mM to about 300 mM, about 75 mM to about 275 mM, about 75 mM to about 250 mM, about 75 mM to about 225 mM, about 75 mM to about 200 mM, about 75 mM to about 175 mM, about 75 mM to about 150 mM, about 75 mM to about 125 mM, about 75 mM to about 100 mM, about 100 mM to about 300 mM, about 100 mM to about 275 mM, about 100 mM to about 250 mM, about 100 mM to about 225 mM, about 100 mM to about 200 mM, about 100 mM to about 175 mM, about 100 mM to about 150 mM, about 100 mM to about 125 mM, about 125 mM to about 300 mM, about 125 mM to about 275 mM, about 125 mM to about 250 mM, about 125 mM to about 225 mM, about 125 mM to about 200 mM, about 125 mM to about 175 mM, about 125 mM to about 150 mM, about 150 mM to about 300 mM, about 150 mM to about 275 mM, about 150 mM to about 250 mM, about 150 mM to about 225 mM, about 150 mM to about 200 mM, about 150 mM to about 175 mM, about 175 mM to about 300 mM, about 175 mM to about 275 mM, about 175 mM to about 250 mM, about 175 mM to about 225 mM, about 175 mM to about 200 mM, about 200 mM to about 300 mM, about 200 mM to about 275 mM, about 200 mM to about 250 mM, about 200 mM to about 225 mM, about 225 mM to about 300 mM, about 225 mM to about 275 mM, about 225 mM to about 250 mM, about 250 mM to about 300 mM, about 250 mM to about 275 mM, or about 275 mM to about 300 mM of a magnesium ion (e.g., Mg ²⁺ ). In some embodiments, the liquid culture media includes about 1 g/L to about 25 g/L of phosphate (e.g., inorganic phosphate). In other embodiments, the culture media includes about 2 g/L to about 15 g/L, about 3 g/L to about 8 g/L, about 5 g/L to about 20 g/L, about 5 g/L to about 15 g/L, about 5 g/L to about 10 g/L, about 10 g/L to about 25 g/L, about 10 g/L to about 20 g/L, about 10 g/L to about 15 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 25 g/L, or about 15 g/L to about 20 g/L of phosphate (e.g., inorganic phosphate). In some embodiments, the liquid culture media includes about 1 g/L to about 25 g/L of a phosphate salt. In other embodiments, the culture media includes about 2 g/L to about 15 g/L, about 4 g/L to about 12 g/L, about 4 g/L to about 10 g/L, about 4 g/L to about 9 g/L, about 5 g/L to about 20 g/L, about 5 g/L to about 15 g/L, about 5 g/L to about 10 g/L, about 10 g/L to about 25 g/L, about 10 g/L to about 20 g/L, about 10 g/L to about 15 g/L, about 15 g/L to about 25 g/L, or about 15 g/L to about 20 g/L of phosphate (e.g., K ₂ HPO ₄ , KH ₂ PO ₄ ). In some examples, the volume of the liquid culture medium at the start of the culturing (starting volume of a liquid culture medium) is about 50 mL to about 1000 L, about 50 mL to about 750 L, about 50 mL to about 550 L, about 50 mL to about 500 L, about 50 mL to about 250 L, about 50 mL to about 200 L, about 50 mL to about 100 L, about 50 mL to about 90 L, about 50 mL to about 80 L, about 50 mL to about 70 L, about 50 mL to about 60 L, about 50 mL to about 50 L, about 50 mL to about 40 L, about 50 mL to about 30 L, about 50 mL to about 20 L, about 50 mL to about 10 L, about 50 mL to about 5 L, about 50 mL to about 1 L, about 50 mL to about 750 mL, about 50 mL to about 500 mL, about 50 mL to about 250 mL, about 50 mL to about 100 mL, about 100 mL to about 100 L, about 100 mL to about 90 L, about 100 mL to about 80 L, about 100 mL to about 70 L, about 100 mL to about 60 L, about 100 mL to about 50 L, about 100 mL to about 40 L, about 100 mL to about 30 L, about 100 mL to about 20 L, about 100 mL to about 10 L, about 100 mL to about 5 L, about 100 mL to about 1 L, about 100 mL to about 750 mL, about 100 mL to about 500 mL, about 100 mL to about 250 mL, about 250 mL to about 100 L, about 250 mL to about 90 L, about 250 mL to about 80 L, about 250 mL to about 70 L, about 250 mL to about 60 L, about 250 mL to about 50 L, about 250 mL to about 40 L, about 250 mL to about 30 L, about 250 mL to about 20 L, about 250 mL to about 10 L, about 250 mL to about 5 L, about 250 mL to about 1 L, about 250 mL to about 750 mL, about 250 mL to about 500 mL, about 500 mL to about 100 L, about 500 mL to about 90 L, about 500 mL to about 80 L, about 500 mL to about 70 L, about 500 mL to about 60 L, about 500 mL to about 50 L, about 500 mL to about 40 L, about 500 mL to about 30 L, about 500 mL to about 20 L, about 500 mL to about 10 L, about 500 mL to about 5 L, about 500 mL to about 1 L, about 500 mL to about 750 mL, about 750 mL to about 100 L, about 750 mL to about 90 L, about 750 mL to about 80 L, about 750 mL to about 70 L, about 750 mL to about 60 L, about 750 mL to about 50 L, about 750 mL to about 40 L, about 750 mL to about 30 L, about 750 mL to about 20 L, about 750 mL to about 10 L, about 750 mL to about 5 L, about 750 mL to about 1 L, about 1 L to about 100 L, about 1 L to about 90 L, about 1 L to about 80 L, about 1 L to about 70 L, about 1 L to about 60 L, about 1 L to about 50 L, about 1 L to about 40 L, about 1 L to about 30 L, about 1 L to about 20 L, about 1 L to about 10 L, about 1 L to about 5 L, about 5 L to about 100 L, about 5 L to about 90 L, about 5 L to about 80 L, about 5 L to about 70 L, about 5 L to about 60 L, about 5 L to about 50 L, about 5 L to about 40 L, about 5 L to about 30 L, about 5 L to about 20 L, about 5 L to about 10 L, about 10 L to about 100 L, about 10 L to about 90 L, about 10 L to about 80 L, about 10 L to about 70 L, about 10 L to about 60 L, about 10 L to about 50 L, about 10 L to about 40 L, about 10 L to about 30 L, about 10 L to about 20 L, about 20 L to about 100 L, about 20 L to about 90 L, about 20 L to about 80 L, about 20 L to about 70 L, about 20 L to about 60 L, about 20 L to about 50 L, about 20 L to about 40 L, about 20 L to about 30 L, about 30 L to about 100 L, about 30 L to about 90 L, about 30 L to about 80 L, about 30 L to about 70 L, about 30 L to about 60 L, about 30 L to about 50 L, about 30 L to about 40 L, about 40 L to about 100 L, about 40 L to about 90 L, about 40 L to about 80 L, about 40 L to about 70 L, about 40 L to about 60 L, about 40 L to about 50 L, about 50 L to about 100 L, about 50 L to about 90 L, about 50 L to about 80 L, about 50 L to about 70 L, about 50 L to about 60 L, about 60 L to about 100 L, about 60 L to about 90 L, about 60 L to about 80 L, about 60 L to about 70 L, about 70 L to about 100 L, about 70 L to about 90 L, about 70 L to about 80 L, about 80 L to about 100 L, about 80 L to about 90 L, or about 90 L to about 100 L). Cell Culturing Cell culturing includes incubating a recombinant bacteria (e.g., any of the recombinant bacteria described herein) in a liquid culture medium under a controlled set of conditions. In some embodiments, cell culturing includes a growth phase and a protein production phase. In some embodiments, the growth phase and the protein production phase occur in the same vessel. In other embodiments, the growth phase and the protein production phase occur in different vessels. In some embodiments, a first part of a growth phase may take place in small vessel (e.g., a shake flask) and a second part of the growth phase can occur after the cell culture is transferred to a larger vessel (e.g., a bioreactor or fermentor). In some embodiments, the growth phase occurs from the moment of inoculation of the bioreactor to about 14 hours post inoculation of the bioreactor. In some embodiments, the growth phase occurs from the moment of inoculation of the bioreactor to any point in time of the method up until about 14 hours (e.g., up until about 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 hour post-inoculation). In some embodiments, the protein production phase begins at about 12 hours post- inoculation to about 14 hours post-inoculation and continues until the end of the culture period, e.g., at about 48 hours post-inoculation. In some embodiments, the protein production phase begins at any point in time of the method after about 12 hours post- inoculation (e.g., begins at about 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 or 24 hours post- inoculation) and continues until the end of the culture period, e.g., at about 48 hours post- inoculation. Skilled practitioners will appreciate that changes in growth phase and/or the protein production phase can occur as a result of a changes to the production method including, without limitation: using a different strain of recombinant bacterium, using a different lot of same recombinant bacterium (e.g., different lot number), varying the concentration of liquid culture medium reagents (e.g., glucose, glycerol, magnesium salt, magnesium ion, phosphate salt, phosphate ion), varying conditions of the seed flask (e.g., OD ₆₀₀ , purity, and sterility), and varying growth conditions (e.g., time, temperature, agitation, exposure to light, methods of feed batch culturing, types of bioreactors). In some embodiments, the growth phase results in a culture having an optical density (OD) at 600 nm of about 1 to about 200, about 1 to about 180, about 1 to about 160, about 1 to about 140, about 1 to about 120, about 1 to about 100, about 1 to about 80, about 1 to about 60, about 1 to about 40, about 1 to about 20, about 1 to about 10, about 10 to about 200, about 10 to about 180, about 10 to about 160, about 10 to about 140, about 10 to about 120, about 10 to about 100, about 10 to about 80, about 10 to about 60, about 10 to about 40, about 10 to about 20, about 20 to about 200, about 20 to about 180, about 20 to about 160, about 20 to about 140, about 20 to about 120, about 20 to about 100, about 20 to about 80, about 20 to about 60, about 20 to about 40, about 40 to about 200, about 40 to about 180, about 40 to about 160, about 40 to about 140, about 40 to about 120, about 40 to about 100, about 40 to about 80, about 40 to about 60, about 60 to about 200, about 60 to about 180, about 60 to about 160, about 60 to about 140, about 60 to about 120, about 60 to about 100, about 60 to about 80, about 80 to about 200, about 80 to about 180, about 80 to about 160, about 80 to about 140, about 80 to about 120, about 80 to about 100, about 100 to about 200, about 100 to about 180, about 100 to about 160, about 100 to about 140, about 100 to about 120, about 120 to about 200, about 120 to about 180, about 120 to about 160, about 120 to about 140, about 140 to about 200, about 140 to about 180, about 140 to about 160, about 160 to about 200, about 160 to about 180, or about 180 to about 200. In some embodiments, the growth phase results in a culture that includes about 10 ⁶ to about 10 ¹⁰ colony forming units (CFUs)/mL. In some embodiments, the protein production phase results in a liquid culture medium that includes about 100 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 280 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 260 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 240 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 220 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 200 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 180 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 160 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 140 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 120 mg/L, about 120 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 120 mg/L to about 280 mg/L, about 120 mg/L to about 260 mg/L, about 120 mg/L to about 240 mg/L, about 120 mg/L to about 220 mg/L, about 120 mg/L to about 200 mg/L, about 120 mg/L to about 180 mg/L, about 120 mg/L to about 160 mg/L, about 120 mg/L to about 140 mg/L, about 140 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 140 mg/L to about 280 mg/L, about 140 mg/L to about 260 mg/L, about 140 mg/L to about 240 mg/L, about 140 mg/L to about 220 mg/L, about 140 mg/L to about 200 mg/L, about 140 mg/L to about 180 mg/L, about 140 mg/L to about 160 mg/L, about 160 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 160 mg/L to about 280 mg/L, about 160 mg/L to about 260 mg/L, about 160 mg/L to about 240 mg/L, about 160 mg/L to about 220 mg/L, about 160 mg/L to about 200 mg/L, about 160 mg/L to about 180 mg/L, about 180 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 180 mg/L to about 280 mg/L, about 180 mg/L to about 260 mg/L, about 180 mg/L to about 240 mg/L, about 180 mg/L to about 220 mg/L, about 180 mg/L to about 200 mg/L, about 200 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 200 mg/L to about 280 mg/L, about 200 mg/L to about 260 mg/L, about 200 mg/L to about 240 mg/L, about 200 mg/L to about 220 mg/L, about 220 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 220 mg/L to about 280 mg/L, about 220 mg/L to about 260 mg/L, about 220 mg/L to about 240 mg/L, about 240 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 240 mg/L to about 280 mg/L, about 240 mg/L to about 260 mg/L, about 260 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 260 mg/L to about 280 mg/L, or about 280 mg/L to about 300 mg/L recombinant protein (e.g., ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant). In some embodiments, the culturing is fed batch culturing. In some embodiments, the fed batch culturing includes continuously or periodically adding a feed liquid culture medium to the starting volume of liquid culture medium. In some embodiments, the fed batch culturing includes continuously adding to the starting volume of liquid culture medium, a volume of a feed liquid culture medium. In some embodiments, the fed batch culturing includes the periodic addition of a volume of a feed liquid culture medium. In a non-limiting example, periodically adding a feed liquid culture medium to the starting volume of a liquid culture medium includes adding a volume of a feed liquid culture medium once every 6, 12, or 24 hours. In some embodiments, the culturing is performed using a shake flask. In some embodiments, the culturing is performed using a bioreactor or fermentor. In some embodiments, the culturing is performed using a fed batch bioreactor or fermentor. In some embodiments, the volume of liquid culture medium at the end of the culturing is about 50 mL to about 500 L, about 50 mL to about 450 L, about 50 mL to about 400 L, about 50 mL to about 350 L, about 50 mL to about 300 L, about 50 mL to about 250 L, about 50 mL to about 200 L, about 50 mL to about 150 L, about 50 mL to about 100 L, about 50 mL to about 50 L, about 50 mL to about 10 L, about 50 mL to about 5 L, about 50 mL to about 1 L, about 50 mL to about 500 mL, about 50 mL to about 250 mL, about 250 mL to about 500 L, about 250 mL to about 450 L, about 250 mL to about 400 L, about 250 mL to about 350 L, about 250 mL to about 300 L, about 250 mL to about 250 L, about 250 mL to about 200 L, about 250 mL to about 150 L, about 250 mL to about 100 L, about 250 mL to about 50 L, about 250 mL to about 10 L, about 250 mL to about 5 L, about 250 mL to about 1 L, about 250 mL to about 500 mL, about 500 mL to about 500 L, about 500 mL to about 450 L, about 500 mL to about 400 L, about 500 mL to about 350 L, about 500 mL to about 300 L, about 500 mL to about 250 L, about 500 mL to about 200 L, about 500 mL to about 150 L, about 500 mL to about 100 L, about 500 mL to about 50 L, about 500 mL to about 10 L, about 500 mL to about 5 L, about 500 mL to about 1 L, about 1 L to about 500 L, about 1 L to about 450 L, about 1 L to about 400 L, about 1 L to about 350 L, about 1 L to about 300 L, about 1 L to about 250 L, about 1 L to about 200 L, about 1 L to about 150 L, about 1 L to about 100 L, about 1 L to about 50 L, about 1 L to about 10 L, about 1 L to about 5 L, about 5 L to about 500 L, about 5 L to about 450 L, about 5 L to about 400 L, about 5 L to about 350 L, about 5 L to about 300 L, about 5 L to about 250 L, about 5 L to about 200 L, about 5 L to about 150 L, about 5 L to about 100 L, about 5 L to about 50 L, about 5 L to about 10 L, about 10 L to about 500 L, about 10 L to about 450 L, about 10 L to about 400 L, about 10 L to about 350 L, about 10 L to about 300 L, about 10 L to about 250 L, about 10 L to about 200 L, about 10 L to about 150 L, about 10 L to about 100 L, about 10 L to about 50 L, about 50 L to about 500 L, about 50 L to about 450 L, about 50 L to about 400 L, about 50 L to about 350 L, about 50 L to about 300 L, about 50 L to about 250 L, about 50 L to about 200 L, about 50 L to about 150 L, about 50 L to about 100 L, about 100 L to about 500 L, about 100 L to about 450 L, about 100 L to about 400 L, about 100 L to about 350 L, about 100 L to about 300 L, about 100 L to about 250 L, about 100 L to about 200 L, about 100 L to about 150 L, about 150 L to about 500 L, about 150 L to about 450 L, about 150 L to about 400 L, about 150 L to about 350 L, about 150 L to about 300 L, about 150 L to about 250 L, about 150 L to about 200 L, about 200 L to about 500 L, about 200 L to about 450 L, about 200 L to about 400 L, about 200 L to about 350 L, about 200 L to about 300 L, about 200 L to about 250 L, about 250 L to about 500 L, about 250 L to about 450 L, about 250 L to about 400 L, about 250 L to about 350 L, about 250 L to about 300 L, about 300 L to about 500 L, about 300 L to about 450 L, about 300 L to about 400 L, about 300 L to about 350 L, about 350 L to about 500 L, about 350 L to about 450 L, about 350 L to about 400 L, about 400 L to about 500 L, about 400 L to about 450 L, or about 450 to about 500 L. In some embodiments, the culturing can include shifting the temperature of the liquid culture medium during the period of time. In some embodiments, the temperature of the liquid culture medium after the shifting is about 28°C to about 35°C (e.g., about 32°C to about 35°C). In some embodiments, the shifting of the temperature is performed at about 1 days to about 7 days after the start of culturing (e.g., about 4 days to about 7 days after the start of culturing, or about 5 days to about 7 days after the start of culturing). In some embodiments, the culturing includes maintaining a dissolved O ₂ (dO ₂ ) level of about 5% to about 60% (e.g., about 20% to about 50%) in the liquid culture medium. In some embodiments, the culturing includes maintaining a dissolved O ₂ (dO ₂ ) level of greater than about 30% in the liquid culture medium. In some embodiments, the culturing includes maintaining a dissolved O ₂ (dO ₂ ) level of about 30% to about 55% in the liquid culture medium. In some embodiments, the culturing includes agitating the liquid culture medium. In some embodiments, the agitating is performed at a rotary agitation rate of about 100 revolutions per minute (RPM) to about 800 RPM. Fed Batch Culturing Fed batch culturing a cell in a vessel (e.g., a fed-batch bioreactor or fermentor) includes, over the culturing period, the addition (e.g., periodic or continuous addition) to a starting volume of a liquid culture medium, of an additional volume of a liquid culture medium (a feed liquid culture medium), without substantial or significant removal of the liquid culture medium. In some embodiments, the adding of the feed liquid culture medium is performed continuously (e.g., at a rate that adds a volume of between about 1% to about 500% (e.g., about 1% to about 450%, about 1% to about 400%, about 1% to about 350%, about 1% to about 300%, about 1% to about 250%, about 1% to about 200%, about 1% to about 150%, about 1% to about 100%, about 1% to about 50%, about 1% to about 25%, about 10% to about 500%, about 10% to about 450%, about 10% to about 400%, about 10% to about 350%, about 10% to about 300%, about 10% to about 250%, about 10% to about 200%, about 10% to about 150%, about 10% to about 100%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 25%, about 25% to about 500%, about 25% to about 450%, about 25% to about 400%, about 25% to about 350%, about 25% to about 300%, about 25% to about 250%, about 25% to about 200%, about 25% to about 150%, about 25% to about 100%, about 25% to about 50%, about 50% to about 500%, about 50% to about 450%, about 50% to about 400%, about 50% to about 350%, about 50% to about 300%, about 50% to about 250%, about 50% to about 200%, about 50% to about 150%, about 50% to about 100%, about 100% to about 500%, about 100% to about 450%, about 100% to about 400%, about 100% to about 350%, about 100% to about 300%, about 100% to about 250%, about 100% to about 200%, about 100% to about 150%, about 150% to about 500%, about 150% to about 450%, about 150% to about 400%, about 150% to about 350%, about 150% to about 300%, about 150% to about 250%, about 150% to about 200%, about 200% to about 500%, about 200% to about 450%, about 200% to about 400%, about 200% to about 350%, about 200% to about 300%, about 200% to about 250%, about 250% to about 500%, about 250% to about 450%, about 250% to about 400%, about 250% to about 350%, about 250% to about 300%, about 300% to about 500%, about 300% to about 450%, about 300% to about 400%, about 300% to about 350%, about 350% to about 500%, about 350% to about 450%, about 350% to about 400%, about 400% to about 500% or about 450% to about 500%) of the volume of the starting volume of liquid culture medium (the volume at the start of culturing), over the entire time of culturing. Skilled practitioners will appreciate that the starting volume of liquid culture medium, and the feed liquid culture medium can be the same or different. In some embodiments, a minimal volume of the liquid culture medium can be removed during the culturing for testing of the culture, e.g., by a mechanical system. In some embodiments, the volume of feed liquid culture medium is added to the starting volume of liquid culture medium in an automated fashion, e.g., by perfusion pump. In some embodiments of these methods, once the cell culture achieves a threshold optical density (e.g., an OD ₆₀₀ of about 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, or 200), a feed liquid culture medium including phosphate can be added to the starting volume of liquid culture medium. In some embodiments of these methods, a feed liquid culture medium including phosphate is added to the starting volume of liquid culture medium once the elapsed fermentation is about 1 hour, about 2 hours, about 3 hours, about 4 hours, about 5 hours, about 6 hours, about 7 hours, about 8 hours, about 9 hours, about 10 hours, about 11 hours, about 12 hours, about 13 hours, about 14 hours, about 15 hours, about 16 hours, about 17 hours, about 18 hours, about 19 hours, about 20 hours, about 21 hours, about 22 hours, about 23 hours, or about 24 hours. In some embodiments, the phosphate is phosphoric acid. In some embodiments, the phosphoric acid is 85% phosphoric acid. In some embodiments, the phosphate is added to the starting volume of liquid culture medium at a rate of about 0.1 g phosphate/L/hour to about 30 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.1 g phosphate/L/hour to about 25 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.1 g phosphate/L/hour to about 20 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.1 g phosphate/L/hour to about 15 g phosphate/L/hour, about 1 g phosphate/L/hour to about 20 g phosphate/L/hour, about 1 g phosphate/L/hour to about 15 g phosphate/L/hour, about 5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 20 g phosphate/L/hour, about 5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 15 g phosphate/L/hour, about 10 g phosphate/L/hour to about 20 g phosphate/L/hour, about 10 g phosphate/L/hour to about 15 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.2 g phosphate/L/hour to about 5.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.2 g phosphate/L/hour to about 4.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.2 g phosphate/L/hour to about 4.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.2 g phosphate/L/hour to about 3.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.2 g phosphate/L/hour to about 3.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.2 g phosphate/L/hour to about 2.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.2 g phosphate/L/hour to about 2.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.2 g phosphate/L/hour to about 1.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.2 g phosphate/L/hour to about 1.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.2 g phosphate/L/hour to about 0.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 5.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 4.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 4.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 3.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 3.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 2.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 2.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 1.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 0.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 1.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 1.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 5.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 1.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 4.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 1.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 4.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 1.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 3.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 1.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 3.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 1.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 2.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 1.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 2.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 1.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 1.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 1.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 5.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 1.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 4.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 1.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 4.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 1.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 3.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 1.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 3.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 1.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 2.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 1.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 2.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 2.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 5.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 2.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 4.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 2.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 4.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 2.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 3.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 2.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 3.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 2.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 2.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 2.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 5.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 2.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 4.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 2.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 4.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 2.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 3.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 2.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 3.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 3.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 5.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 3.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 4.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 3.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 4.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 3.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 3.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 3.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 5.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 3.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 4.5 g phosphate/L/hour, about 3.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 4.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 4.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 5.0 g phosphate/L/hour, about 4.0 g phosphate/L/hour to about 4.5 g phosphate/L/hour, or about 4.5 g phosphate/L/hour to about 5.0 g phosphate/L/hour, and can, e.g., be continued for a period of about 1 hour to about 60 hours (e.g., about 1 hour to about 58 hours, about 1 hour to about 56 hours, about 1 hour to about 54 hours, about 1 hour to about 52 hours, about 1 hour to about 50 hours, about 1 hour to about 48 hours, about 1 hour to about 46 hours, about 1 hour to about 44 hours, about 1 hour to about 42 hours, about 1 hour to about 40 hours, about 1 hour to about 38 hours, about 1 hour to about 36 hours, about 1 hour to about 34 hours, about 1 hour to about 32 hours, about 1 hour to about 30 hours, about 1 hour to about 28 hours, about 1 hour to about 26 hours, about 1 hour to about 24 hours, about 1 hour to about 22 hours, about 1 hour to about 20 hours, about 1 hour to about 18 hours, about 1 hour to about 16 hours, about 1 hour to about 14 hours, about 1 hour to about 12 hours, about 1 hour to about 10 hours, about 1 hour to about 8 hours, about 1 hour to about 6 hours, about 1 hour to about 4 hours, about 1 hour to about 2 hours, about 2 hours to about 32 hours, about 2 hours to about 30 hours, about 2 hours to about 28 hours, about 2 hours to about 26 hours, about 2 hours to about 24 hours, about 2 hours to about 22 hours, about 2 hours to about 20 hours, about 2 hours to about 18 hours, about 2 hours to about 16 hours, about 2 hours to about 14 hours, about 2 hours to about 12 hours, about 2 hours to about 10 hours, about 2 hours to about 8 hours, about 2 hours to about 6 hours, about 2 hours to about 4 hours, about 4 hours to about 32 hours, about 4 hours to about 30 hours, about 4 hours to about 28 hours, about4 hours to about 26 hours, about 4 hours to about 24 hours, about 4 hours to about 22 hours, about 4 hours to about 20 hours, about 4 hours to about 18 hours, about 4 hours to about 16 hours, about 4 hours to about 14 hours, about 4 hours to about 12 hours, about 4 hours to about 10 hours, about 4 hours to about 8 hours, about 4 hours to about 6 hours, about 6 hours to about 32 hours, about 6 hours to about 30 hours, about 6 hours to about 28 hours, about 6 hours to about 26 hours, about 6 hours to about 24 hours, about 6 hours to about 22 hours, about 6 hours to about 20 hours, about 6 hours to about 18 hours, about 6 hours to about 16 hours, about 6 hours to about 14 hours, about 6 hours to about 12 hours, about 6 hours to about 10 hours, about 6 hours to about 8 hours, about 8 hours to about 32 hours, about 8 hours to about 30 hours, about 8 hours to about 28 hours, about 8 hours to about 26 hours, about 8 hours to about 24 hours, about 8 hours to about 22 hours, about 8 hours to about 20 hours, about 8 hours to about 18 hours, about 8 hours to about 16 hours, about 8 hours to about 14 hours, about 8 hours to about 12 hours, about 8 hours to about 10 hours, about 10 hours to about 32 hours, about 10 hours to about 30 hours, about 10 hours to about 28 hours, about 10 hours to about 26 hours, about 10 hours to about 24 hours, about 10 hours to about 22 hours, about 10 hours to about 20 hours, about 10 hours to about 18 hours, about 10 hours to about 16 hours, about 10 hours to about 14 hours, about 10 hours to about 12 hours, about 12 hours to about 32 hours, about 12 hours to about 30 hours, about 12 hours to about 28 hours, about 12 hours to about 26 hours, about 12 hours to about 24 hours, about 12 hours to about 22 hours, about 12 hours to about 20 hours, about 12 hours to about 18 hours, about 12 hours to about 16 hours, about 12 hours to about 14 hours, about 14 hours to about 32 hours, about 14 hours to about 30 hours, about 14 hours to about 28 hours, about 14 hours to about 26 hours, about 14 hours to about 24 hours, about 14 hours to about 22 hours, about 14 hours to about 20 hours, about 14 hours to about 18 hours, about 14 hours to about 16 hours, about 16 hours to about 32 hours, about 16 hours to about 30 hours, about 16 hours to about 28 hours, about 16 hours to about 26 hours, about 16 hours to about 24 hours, about 16 hours to about 22 hours, about 16 hours to about 20 hours, about 16 hours to about 18 hours, about 18 hours to about 32 hours, about 18 hours to about 30 hours, about 18 hours to about 28 hours, about 18 hours to about 26 hours, about 18 hours to about 24 hours, about 18 hours to about 22 hours, about 18 hours to about 20 hours, about 20 hours to about 32 hours, about 20 hours to about 30 hours, about 20 hours to about 28 hours, about 20 hours to about 26 hours, about 20 hours to about 24 hours, about 20 hours to about 22 hours, about 22 hours to about 32 hours, about 22 hours to about 30 hours, about 22 hours to about 28 hours, about 22 hours to about 26 hours, about 22 hours to about 24 hours, about 24 hours to about 32 hours, about 24 hours to about 30 hours, about 24 hours to about 28 hours, about 24 hours to about 26 hours, about 26 hours to about 32 hours, about 26 hours to about 30 hours, about 26 hours to about 28 hours, about 28 hours to about 32 hours, about 28 hours to about 30 hours, about 30 hours to about 32 hours, about 24 hour to about 50 hours, about 30 hour to about 50 hours, about 36 hour to about 50 hours, about 24 hour to about 48 hours, about 24 hour to about 36 hours, or about 36 hour to about 48 hours). In some examples, the adding of the feed liquid culture medium is initiated after about the first 10 minutes, the first 20 minutes, the first 30 minutes, the first 40 minutes, the first 50 minutes, the first 1 hour, the first 2 hours, the first 3 hours, the first 4 hours, the first 5 hours, the first 6 hours, the first 7 hours, the first 8 hours, the first 9 hours, the first 10 hours, the first 11 hours, the first 12 hours, the first 14 hours, the first 16 hours, the first 18 hours, the first 20 hours, the first 22 hours, the first 24 hours, the first 36 hours, or the first 48 hours after the start of culturing. In some embodiments of these methods, a feed liquid culture medium including a magnesium ion is added to the starting volume of the liquid culture medium. In some embodiments, the magnesium ion is provided in a magnesium salt. In some embodiments, the magnesium salt is a solid. In some embodiments, the magnesium salt is provided in a solution (e.g. water). In some embodiments, the magnesium ion is added to the starting volume of the liquid culture medium at a rate of about 0.1 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 30 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.1 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 25 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.1 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 20 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.1 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 15 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 1 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 20 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 1 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 15 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 20 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 15 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 10 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 20 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 10 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 15 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.2 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 5.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.2 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 4.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.2 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 4.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.2 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 3.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.2 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 3.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.2 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 2.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.2 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 2.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.2 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 1.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.2 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 1.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.2 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 0.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 5.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 4.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 4.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 3.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 3.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 2.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 2.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 1.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 0.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 1.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 1.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 5.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 1.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 4.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 1.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 4.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 1.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 3.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 1.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 3.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 1.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 2.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 1.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 2.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 1.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 1.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 1.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 5.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 1.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 4.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 1.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 4.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 1.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 3.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 1.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 3.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 1.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 2.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 1.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 2.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 2.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 5.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 2.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 4.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 2.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 4.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 2.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 3.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 2.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 3.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 2.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 2.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 2.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 5.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 2.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 4.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 2.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 4.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 2.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 3.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 2.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 3.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 3.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 5.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 3.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 4.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 3.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 4.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 3.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 3.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 3.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 5.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 3.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 4.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 3.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 4.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 4.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 5.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, about 4.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 4.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, or about 4.5 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour to about 5.0 g Mg ²⁺ /L/hour, and can, e.g., be continued for a period of about 1 hour to about 60 hours (e.g., about 1 hour to about 58 hours, about 1 hour to about 56 hours, about 1 hour to about 54 hours, about 1 hour to about 52 hours, about 1 hour to about 50 hours, about 1 hour to about 48 hours, about 1 hour to about 46 hours, about 1 hour to about 44 hours, about 1 hour to about 42 hours, about 1 hour to about 40 hours, about 1 hour to about 38 hours, about 1 hour to about 36 hours, about 1 hour to about 34 hours, about 1 hour to about 32 hours, about 1 hour to about 30 hours, about 1 hour to about 28 hours, about 1 hour to about 26 hours, about 1 hour to about 24 hours, about 1 hour to about 22 hours, about 1 hour to about 20 hours, about 1 hour to about 18 hours, about 1 hour to about 16 hours, about 1 hour to about 14 hours, about 1 hour to about 12 hours, about 1 hour to about 10 hours, about 1 hour to about 8 hours, about 1 hour to about 6 hours, about 1 hour to about 4 hours, about 1 hour to about 2 hours, about 2 hours to about 32 hours, about 2 hours to about 30 hours, about 2 hours to about 28 hours, about 2 hours to about 26 hours, about 2 hours to about 24 hours, about 2 hours to about 22 hours, about 2 hours to about 20 hours, about 2 hours to about 18 hours, about 2 hours to about 16 hours, about 2 hours to about 14 hours, about 2 hours to about 12 hours, about 2 hours to about 10 hours, about 2 hours to about 8 hours, about 2 hours to about 6 hours, about 2 hours to about 4 hours, about 4 hours to about 32 hours, about 4 hours to about 30 hours, about 4 hours to about 28 hours, about4 hours to about 26 hours, about 4 hours to about 24 hours, about 4 hours to about 22 hours, about 4 hours to about 20 hours, about 4 hours to about 18 hours, about 4 hours to about 16 hours, about 4 hours to about 14 hours, about 4 hours to about 12 hours, about 4 hours to about 10 hours, about 4 hours to about 8 hours, about 4 hours to about 6 hours, about 6 hours to about 32 hours, about 6 hours to about 30 hours, about 6 hours to about 28 hours, about 6 hours to about 26 hours, about 6 hours to about 24 hours, about 6 hours to about 22 hours, about 6 hours to about 20 hours, about 6 hours to about 18 hours, about 6 hours to about 16 hours, about 6 hours to about 14 hours, about 6 hours to about 12 hours, about 6 hours to about 10 hours, about 6 hours to about 8 hours, about 8 hours to about 32 hours, about 8 hours to about 30 hours, about 8 hours to about 28 hours, about 8 hours to about 26 hours, about 8 hours to about 24 hours, about 8 hours to about 22 hours, about 8 hours to about 20 hours, about 8 hours to about 18 hours, about 8 hours to about 16 hours, about 8 hours to about 14 hours, about 8 hours to about 12 hours, about 8 hours to about 10 hours, about 10 hours to about 32 hours, about 10 hours to about 30 hours, about 10 hours to about 28 hours, about 10 hours to about 26 hours, about 10 hours to about 24 hours, about 10 hours to about 22 hours, about 10 hours to about 20 hours, about 10 hours to about 18 hours, about 10 hours to about 16 hours, about 10 hours to about 14 hours, about 10 hours to about 12 hours, about 12 hours to about 32 hours, about 12 hours to about 30 hours, about 12 hours to about 28 hours, about 12 hours to about 26 hours, about 12 hours to about 24 hours, about 12 hours to about 22 hours, about 12 hours to about 20 hours, about 12 hours to about 18 hours, about 12 hours to about 16 hours, about 12 hours to about 14 hours, about 14 hours to about 32 hours, about 14 hours to about 30 hours, about 14 hours to about 28 hours, about 14 hours to about 26 hours, about 14 hours to about 24 hours, about 14 hours to about 22 hours, about 14 hours to about 20 hours, about 14 hours to about 18 hours, about 14 hours to about 16 hours, about 16 hours to about 32 hours, about 16 hours to about 30 hours, about 16 hours to about 28 hours, about 16 hours to about 26 hours, about 16 hours to about 24 hours, about 16 hours to about 22 hours, about 16 hours to about 20 hours, about 16 hours to about 18 hours, about 18 hours to about 32 hours, about 18 hours to about 30 hours, about 18 hours to about 28 hours, about 18 hours to about 26 hours, about 18 hours to about 24 hours, about 18 hours to about 22 hours, about 18 hours to about 20 hours, about 20 hours to about 32 hours, about 20 hours to about 30 hours, about 20 hours to about 28 hours, about 20 hours to about 26 hours, about 20 hours to about 24 hours, about 20 hours to about 22 hours, about 22 hours to about 32 hours, about 22 hours to about 30 hours, about 22 hours to about 28 hours, about 22 hours to about 26 hours, about 22 hours to about 24 hours, about 24 hours to about 32 hours, about 24 hours to about 30 hours, about 24 hours to about 28 hours, about 24 hours to about 26 hours, about 26 hours to about 32 hours, about 26 hours to about 30 hours, about 26 hours to about 28 hours, about 28 hours to about 32 hours, about 28 hours to about 30 hours, about 30 hours to about 32 hours, about 24 hour to about 50 hours, about 30 hour to about 50 hours, about 36 hour to about 50 hours, about 24 hour to about 48 hours, about 24 hour to about 36 hours, or about 36 hour to about 48 hours). In some examples, the adding of the feed liquid culture medium is initiated after about the first 10 minutes, the first 20 minutes, the first 30 minutes, the first 40 minutes, the first 50 minutes, the first 1 hour, the first 2 hours, the first 3 hours, the first 4 hours, the first 5 hours, the first 6 hours, the first 7 hours, the first 8 hours, the first 9 hours, the first 10 hours, the first 11 hours, the first 12 hours, the first 14 hours, the first 16 hours, the first 18 hours, the first 20 hours, the first 22 hours, the first 24 hours, the first 36 hours, or the first 48 hours after the start of culturing. In some embodiments, the magnesium ion is included in the phosphate feed liquid culture medium. In some embodiments, the feed liquid culture medium contains an amount of phosphate and an amount of a magnesium salt in order to provide the desired rate of addition of both phosphate and Mg ²⁺ to the starting volume of the liquid culture medium. Bioreactors and Fermentors In some examples, the culturing is performed using a shake flask. In some examples, the culturing is performed using a bioreactor (e.g., a fed batch fermentor). As is described in the art, in some embodiments, a bioreactor (e.g., fermentor) is equipped with several ports for, e.g., the removal of a fluid (e.g., a liquid culture medium, e.g., that can be substantially free of recombinant bacteria or that includes recombinant bacteria) or the addition of a fluid (e.g., a feed liquid culture medium, a basic or acidic solution for regulating the pH, and/or a fluid including phosphate). A bioreactor (e.g., fermentor) can also be equipped with a pH monitor, a dissolved oxygen monitor, a dissolved CO ₂ monitor, one or more gas spargers, and a means for agitating the liquid culture medium (e.g., a propeller). A variety of different bioreactors (e.g., fermenters) are commercially available. In some embodiments, a bioreactor is equipped with a mechanical device that is capable of removing a volume of liquid culture medium from the bioreactor and optionally, a mechanical device for adding a volume of a feed liquid culture medium). In some embodiments, the internal volume of a bioreactor (e.g., bioreactor or fermentor) is about 100 mL to about 1,000 L, about 100 mL to about 750 L, about 100 mL to about 500 L, about 100 mL to about 250 L, about 100 mL to about 100 L, about 100 mL to about 10 L, about 100 mL to about 1 L, about 100 mL to about 500 mL, about 500 mL to about 1,000 L, about 500 mL to about 750 L, about 500 mL to about 500 L, about 500 mL to about 250 L, about 500 mL to about 100 L, about 500 mL to about 10 L, about 500 mL to about 1 L, about 1 L to about 1,000 L, about 1 L to about 750 L, about 1 L to about 500 L, about 1 L to about 250 L, about 1 L to about 100 L, about 1 L to about 10 L, about 10 L to about 1,000 L, about 10 L to about 750 L, about 10 L to about 500 L, about 10 L to about 250 L, about 10 L to about 100 L, about 100 L to about 1,000 L, about 100 L to about 750 L, about 100 L to about 500 L, about 100 L to about 250 L, about 250 L to about 1,000 L, about 250 L to about 750 L, about 250 L to about 500 L, about 500 L to about 1,000 L, about 500 L to about 750 L, or about 750 L to about 1,000 L. Period of Time In some examples, the culturing is performed for about 1 day to about 7 days, about 1 day to about 156 hours, about 1 day to about 6 days, about 1 day to about 132 hours, about 1 day to about 5 days, about 1 day to about 108 hours, about 1 day to about 4 days, about 1 day to about 84 hours, about 1 day to about 3 days, about 1 day to about 60 hours, about 1 day to about 2 days, about 1 day to about 36 hours, about 36 hours to about 7 days, about 36 hours to about 156 hours, about 36 hours to about 6 days, about 36 hours to about 132 hours, about 36 hours to about 5 days, about 36 hours to about 108 hours, about 36 hours to about 4 days, about 36 hours to about 84 hours, about 36 hours to about 3 days, about 36 hours to about 60 hours, about 36 hours to about 2 days, about 2 days to about 7 days, about 2 days to about 156 hours, about 2 days to about 6 days, about 2 days to about 132 hours, about 2 days to about 5 days, about 2 days to about 108 hours, about 2 days to about 4 days, about 2 days to about 84 hours, about 2 days to about 3 days, about 2 days to about 60 hours, about 60 hours to about 7 days, about 60 hours to about 156 hours, about 60 hours to about 6 days, about 60 hours to about 132 hours, about 60 hours to about 5 days, about 60 hours to about 108 hours, about 60 hours to about 4 days, about 60 hours to about 84 hours, about 60 hours to about 3 days, about 3 days to about 7 days, about 3 days to about 156 hours, about 3 days to about 6 days, about 3 days to about 132 hours, about 3 days to about 5 days, about 3 days to about 108 hours, about 3 days to about 4 days, about 3 days to about 84 hours, about 84 hours to about 7 days, about 84 hours to about 156 hours, about 84 hours to about 6 days, about 84 hours to about 132 hours, about 84 hours to about 5 days, about 84 hours to about 108 hours, about 84 hours to about 4 days, about 4 days to about 7 days, about 4 days to about 156 hours, about 4 days to about 6 days, about 4 days to about 132 hours, about 4 days to about 5 days, about 4 days to about 108 hours, about 108 hours to about 7 days, about 108 hours to about 156 hours, about 108 hours to about 6 days, about 108 hours to about 132 hours, about 108 hours to about 5 days, about 5 days to about 7 days, about 5 days to about 156 hours, about 5 days to about 6 days, about 5 days to about 132 hours, about 132 hours to about 7 days, about 132 hours to about 156 hours, about 132 hours to about 6 days, about 6 days to about 7 days, about 6 days to about 156 hours, or about 156 hours to about 7 days. Temperature and Temperature Shift In some embodiments, the temperature of the liquid culture medium during the culturing step is about 25°C to about 37°C (e.g., about 25°C to about 35°C, about 25° C to about 30°C, about 30°C to about 37°C, about 30°C to about 35°C, or about 35°C to about 37° C). Skilled practitioners will appreciate that the temperature of the liquid culture medium can be changed at a specific time point(s) during the culturing step. In non-limiting examples, the temperature of the liquid culture medium is changed or shifted (e.g., increased or decreased) at about 1 day, about 2 days, about 3 days, about 4 days, about 5 days, about 6 days, or about 7 days after the start of culturing. For example, the shifting of the temperature is performed at about 2 days to about 7 days (e.g., about 2 days to about 6 days, about 2 days to about 5 days, about 2 days to about 4 days, about 3 days to about 7 days, about 3 days to about 6 days, about 3 days to about 5 days, about 4 days to about 7 days, about 4 days to about 6 days, or about 5 days to about 7 days) after the start of culturing. Dissolved Oxygen (dO ₂ ) The culturing can include maintaining in the liquid culture medium a dissolved oxygen (dO ₂ ) level. In some embodiments, the dO ₂ level is maintained at about 5% to about 55% (e.g., about 5% to about 50%, about 5% to about 45%, about 5% to about 40%, about 5% to about 35%, about 5% to about 30%, about 5% to about 25%, about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 55%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 45%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 35%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 25%, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 55%, about 15% to about 50%, about 15% to about 45%, about 15% to about 40%, about 15% to about 35%, about 15% to about 30%, about 15% to about 25%, about 15% to about 20%, about 20% to about 55%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about 45%, about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 35%, about 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 25%, about 25% to about 55%, about 25% to about 50%, about 25% to about 45%, about 25% to about 40%, about 25% to about 35%, about 25% to about 30%, about 30% to about 55%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 45%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 35%, about 35% to about 55%, about 35% to about 50%, about 35% to about 45%, about 35% to about 40%, about 40% to about 55%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 45%, about 45% to about 55%, about 45% to about 50%, or about 50% to about 55%). In some embodiments, the dO ₂ level is maintained at greater than about 10%, greater than about 15%, greater than about 20%, greater than about 25%, greater than about 30%, greater than about 35%, greater than about 40%, greater than about 45%, or greater than about 50%. Agitation In some embodiments, the culturing includes agitating the liquid culture medium. In some examples of culturing, the agitating is performed at a frequency of about 100 RPM to about 800 RPM, about 100 RPM to about 750 RPM, about 100 RPM to about 700 RPM, about 100 RPM to about 650 RPM, about 100 RPM to about 600 RPM, about 100 RPM to about 550 RPM, about 100 RPM to about 500 RPM, about 100 RPM to about 450 RPM, about 100 RPM to about 400 RPM, about 100 RPM to about 350 RPM, about 100 RPM to about 300 RPM, about 100 RPM to about 250 RPM, about 100 RPM to about 200 RPM, about 100 RPM to about 150 RPM, about 150 RPM to about 800 RPM, about 150 RPM to about 750 RPM, about 150 RPM to about 700 RPM, about 150 RPM to about 650 RPM, about 150 RPM to about 600 RPM, about 150 RPM to about 550 RPM, about 150 RPM to about 500 RPM, about 150 RPM to about 450 RPM, about 150 RPM to about 400 RPM, about 150 RPM to about 350 RPM, about 150 RPM to about 300 RPM, about 150 RPM to about 250 RPM, about 150 RPM to about 200 RPM, about 200 RPM to about 800 RPM, about 200 RPM to about 750 RPM, about 200 RPM to about 700 RPM, about 200 RPM to about 650 RPM, about 200 RPM to about 600 RPM, about 200 RPM to about 550 RPM, about 200 RPM to about 500 RPM, about 200 RPM to about 450 RPM, about 200 RPM to about 400 RPM, about 200 RPM to about 350 RPM, about 200 RPM to about 300 RPM, about 200 RPM to about 250 RPM. about 250 RPM to about 800 RPM, about 250 RPM to about 750 RPM, about 250 RPM to about 700 RPM, about 250 RPM to about 650 RPM, about 250 RPM to about 600 RPM, about 250 RPM to about 550 RPM, about 250 RPM to about 500 RPM, about 250 RPM to about 450 RPM, about 250 RPM to about 400 RPM, about 250 RPM to about 350 RPM, about 250 RPM to about 300 RPM, about 300 RPM to about 800 RPM, about 300 RPM to about 750 RPM, about 300 RPM to about 700 RPM, about 300 RPM to about 650 RPM, about 300 RPM to about 600 RPM, about 300 RPM to about 550 RPM, about 300 RPM to about 500 RPM, about 300 RPM to about 450 RPM, about 300 RPM to about 400 RPM, about 300 RPM to about 350 RPM, about 350 RPM to about 800 RPM, about 350 RPM to about 750 RPM, about 350 RPM to about 700 RPM, about 350 RPM to about 650 RPM, about 350 RPM to about 600 RPM, about 350 RPM to about 550 RPM, about 350 RPM to about 500 RPM, about 350 RPM to about 450 RPM, about 350 RPM to about 400 RPM, about 400 RPM to about 800 RPM, about 400 RPM to about 750 RPM, about 400 RPM to about 700 RPM, about 400 RPM to about 650 RPM, about 400 RPM to about 600 RPM, about 400 RPM to about 550 RPM, about 400 RPM to about 500 RPM, about 400 RPM to about 450 RPM, about 450 RPM to about 800 RPM, about 450 RPM to about 750 RPM, about 450 RPM to about 700 RPM, about 450 RPM to about 650 RPM, about 450 RPM to about 600 RPM, about 450 RPM to about 550 RPM, about 450 RPM to about 500 RPM, about 500 RPM to about 800 RPM, about 500 RPM to about 750 RPM, about 500 RPM to about 700 RPM, about 500 RPM to about 650 RPM, about 500 RPM to about 600 RPM, about 500 RPM to about 550 RPM, about 550 RPM to about 800 RPM, about 550 RPM to about 750 RPM, about 550 RPM to about 700 RPM, about 550 RPM to about 650 RPM, about 550 RPM to about 600 RPM, about 600 RPM to about 800 RPM, about 600 RPM to about 750 RPM, about 600 RPM to about 700 RPM, about 600 RPM to about 650 RPM, about 650 RPM to about 800 RPM, about 650 RPM to about 750 RPM, about 650 RPM to about 700 RPM, about 700 RPM to about 800 RPM, about 700 RPM to about 750 RPM, or about 750 RPM to about 800 RPM. Humidity In some examples, the culturing can be performed in a controlled humidified atmosphere (e.g., at a humidity of greater than 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55% 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100%). Recovering Recombinant Protein In some embodiments, the recombinant protein (e.g., ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant) is harvested from the liquid culture medium by removing, or otherwise physically separating the liquid culture medium from the recombinant bacteria. A variety of different methods for removing liquid culture medium from recombinant bacteria are known in the art, including, for example, centrifugation, filtration, pipetting, and/or aspiration. In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the method does not include a physical (e.g., homogenization, French press, glass or ceramic beads, sonication, autoclave, microwave, freeze/thawing, or mortar and pestle) or a chemical step (e.g., enzymes, e.g., such as cellulases, chitinases, lysozyme, mannase, or glycanase; an alcohol; chloroform; ether; or a chelator (e.g., EDTA)) to disrupt the outer membrane of the recombinant bacteria. In some embodiments, the recombinant protein (e.g., ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant) is recovered at a concentration in the liquid culture medium of about 10 mg/L to about 350 mg/L, about 10 mg/L to about 325 mg/L, about 10 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 10 mg/L to about 275 mg/L, about 10 mg/L to about 250 mg/L, about 10 mg/L to about 225 mg/L, about 10 mg/L to about 200 mg/L, about 10 mg/L to about 175 mg/L, about 10 mg/L to about 150 mg/L, about 10 mg/L to about 125 mg/L, about 10 mg/L to about 100 mg/L, about 10 mg/L to about 75 mg/L, about 10 mg/L to about 50 mg/L, about 10 mg/L to about 25 mg/L, about 25 mg/L to about 350 mg/L, about 25 mg/L to about 325 mg/L, about 25 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 25 mg/L to about 275 mg/L, about 25 mg/L to about 250 mg/L, about 25 mg/L to about 225 mg/L, about 25 mg/L to about 200 mg/L, about 25 mg/L to about 175 mg/L, about 25 mg/L to about 150 mg/L, about 25 mg/L to about 125 mg/L, about 25 mg/L to about 100 mg/L, about 25 mg/L to about 75 mg/L, about 25 mg/L to about 50 mg/L, about 50 mg/L to about 350 mg/L, about 50 mg/L to about 325 mg/L, about 50 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 50 mg/L to about 275 mg/L, about 50 mg/L to about 250 mg/L, about 50 mg/L to about 225 mg/L, about 50 mg/L to about 200 mg/L, about 50 mg/L to about 175 mg/L, about 50 mg/L to about 150 mg/L, about 50 mg/L to about 125 mg/L, about 50 mg/L to about 100 mg/L, about 50 mg/L to about 75 mg/L, about 75 mg/L to about 350 mg/L, about 75 mg/L to about 325 mg/L, about 75 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 75 mg/L to about 275 mg/L, about 75 mg/L to about 250 mg/L, about 75 mg/L to about 225 mg/L, about 75 mg/L to about 200 mg/L, about 75 mg/L to about 175 mg/L, about 75 mg/L to about 150 mg/L, about 75 mg/L to about 125 mg/L, about 75 mg/L to about 100 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 350 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 325 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 275 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 250 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 225 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 200 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 175 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 150 mg/L, about 100 mg/L to about 125 mg/L, about 125 mg/L to about 350 mg/L, about 125 mg/L to about 325 mg/L, about 125 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 125 mg/L to about 275 mg/L, about 125 mg/L to about 250 mg/L, about 125 mg/L to about 225 mg/L, about 125 mg/L to about 200 mg/L, about 125 mg/L to about 175 mg/L, about 125 mg/L to about 150 mg/L, about 150 mg/L to about 350 mg/L, about 150 mg/L to about 325 mg/L, about 150 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 150 mg/L to about 275 mg/L, about 150 mg/L to about 250 mg/L, about 150 mg/L to about 225 mg/L, about 150 mg/L to about 200 mg/L, about 150 mg/L to about 175 mg/L, about 175 mg/L to about 350 mg/L, about 175 mg/L to about 325 mg/L, about 175 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 175 mg/L to about 275 mg/L, about 175 mg/L to about 250 mg/L, about 175 mg/L to about 225 mg/L, about 175 mg/L to about 200 mg/L, about 200 mg/L to about 350 mg/L, about 200 mg/L to about 325 mg/L, about 200 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 200 mg/L to about 275 mg/L, about 200 mg/L to about 250 mg/L, about 200 mg/L to about 225 mg/L, about 225 mg/L to about 350 mg/L, about 225 mg/L to about 325 mg/L, about 225 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 225 mg/L to about 275 mg/L, about 225 mg/L to about 250 mg/L, about 250 mg/L to about 350 mg/L, about 250 mg/L to about 325 mg/L, about 250 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 250 mg/L to about 275 mg/L, about 275 mg/L to about 350 mg/L, about 275 mg/L to about 325 mg/L, about 275 mg/L to about 300 mg/L, about 300 mg/L to about 350 mg/L, about 300 mg/L to about 325 mg/L, or about 335 mg/L to about 350 mg/L (e.g., in a method that does not include a physical or a chemical step to disrupt the outer membrane of the recombinant bacteria). In one embodiment of the present invention, the cell culturing is conducted in a fermenter with a starting liquid culture medium weight of 1,100 kg, the culture medium comprises 30 mM of phosphate and 1.3 g/L MgSO ₄ , the total EFT is 28 hours, the max OD ₆₀₀ is 130, and the titer of the recombinant protein (e.g. ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant) in the medium is 70-90 mg/L. In another embodiment of the present invention, the cell culturing is conducted in a fermenter with a starting liquid culture medium weight of 600 kg, the culture medium comprises 60 mM of phosphate and 2.3 g/L MgSO ₄ , the total EFT is 48-50 hours, the max OD ₆₀₀ is about 180, and the titer of the recombinant protein (e.g. ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant) in the medium is 200-250 mg/L. Purifying Recombinant Protein Some embodiments of these methods further include purifying the recombinant protein (e.g., ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant) from the liquid culture medium (e.g., a liquid culture medium that is substantially free of recombinant bacteria) or a diluted liquid culture medium (e.g., a diluted liquid culture medium that is substantially free of recombinant bacteria). In some examples, purifying the recombinant protein includes the performance of one or more of: filtration, capturing, purification, and polishing. Filtering In some embodiments, the method of purifying the recombinant protein (e.g., ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant) can include, at least in part, a step of filtering a liquid containing the recombinant protein. The filtration can be performed, e.g., using a filter, or a chromatography column or chromatographic membrane that contains a molecule sieve resin. In one embodiment, filtering separates recombinant protein in a liquid containing the recombinant protein (e.g. harvested liquid culture medium) from contaminants such as cells, cell debris, and sludge. In one embodiment, filtration is optionally proceeded by centrifugation. In another embodiment, filtration is proceeded by acid precipitation. In yet another embodiment, filtration is proceeded by centrifugation which is proceeded by acid precipitation. Put otherwise, in the proceeding embodiment, a liquid containing the recombinant protein (e.g. harvested liquid culture medium) is subjected to acid precipitation, centrifugation, then filtration. Capturing In some embodiments, a recombinant protein (e.g., ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant) can be purified using, at least in part, a step of capturing a recombinant protein from a liquid. Capturing a recombinant protein can include the use of, e.g., a chromatography column or a chromatography resin, e.g., that utilizes a capture mechanism. Non-limiting examples of capturing mechanisms include an antibody- or antibody fragment-binding capture mechanism, an aptamer-binding capture mechanism, a protein L-binding capture mechanism, a substrate-binding capture mechanism, and a cofactor-binding capture mechanism. For example, if the recombinant protein is an antibody, or an antigen-binding fragment, the capturing mechanism can be a protein L- or a protein A-binding capture mechanism or an antigen-binding capturing mechanism (wherein the capturing antigen is specifically recognized by the recombinant antibody or recombinant antigen-binding fragment). In one embodiment, the capturing mechanism captures proteins comprising an antibody light chain. Non-limiting resins that capture a recombinant protein are described in the art. In order to capture the recombinant protein using the chromatography column or chromatographic membrane, one typically performs the sequential chromatographic steps of loading, washing, eluting, and regenerating the chromatography column or chromatography membrane. As one of skill in the art can appreciate, the flow rates and buffers to be used loading, washing, eluting, and regenerating steps are chosen based on the chemical properties of the recombinant protein. Purifying In some embodiments, the methods of purifying a recombinant protein (e.g., ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant) can include a step of purifying a recombinant protein using a chromatography column or chromatographic membrane that contains a resin, e.g., that binds the recombinant protein. For example, the chromatography column or chromatography membrane can be used to perform cation exchange or anion exchange chromatography, or molecular sieve chromatography. Exemplary resins that can be used to purify a recombinant protein are known in the art. In one embodiment, the chromatography column is operated in a bind and elute process. In another embodiment, the chromatography column is operated in a flow-through process. In one embodiment, the chromatography column is an ion exchange column. In one embodiment, the chromatography column is a hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) column. In another embodiment, a recombinant protein (e.g., ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant) is purified with an ion exchange column and a HIC column. As can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the step of purifying a recombinant protein can, e.g., include the steps of loading, washing, eluting, and equilibrating the at least one chromatography column or chromatographic membrane used to perform the unit of operation of purifying the recombinant protein. Typically, the elution buffer coming out of a chromatography column or chromatographic membrane used to perform the unit operation of purifying contains the recombinant protein. Following the loading of the recombinant protein onto the chromatographic column or chromatographic membrane that is used to perform the unit operation of purifying the recombinant protein, the chromatographic column or chromatographic membrane is washed with at least one washing buffer. As can be appreciated in the art, the washing buffer is meant to elute all proteins that are not the recombinant protein from the chromatography column or chromatographic membrane, while not disturbing the interaction of the recombinant protein with the resin or otherwise eluting the recombinant protein. Non-limiting examples of elution buffers used in these methods will depend on the resin and/or the recombinant protein. For example, an elution buffer can contain a different concentration of salt (e.g., increased salt concentration), a different pH (e.g., an increased or decreased pH), or a molecule that will compete with the recombinant protein for binding to the resin. Examples of such elution buffers are known in the art. Following the elution of the recombinant protein from the chromatographic column or chromatographic membrane used to perform the unit operation of purifying the recombinant protein, the chromatography column or chromatographic membrane can be equilibrated using a regeneration buffer. Polishing In some embodiments, the methods of purifying a recombinant protein (e.g., ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant) can, at least in part, include a step polishing the recombinant protein. A recombinant protein can be polished using, e.g., a chromatography column or chromatographic membrane that contains a resin, e.g., cation exchange, anion exchange, or molecular sieve chromatography. In one embodiment, the chromatography column is operated in a bind and elute process. In another embodiment, the chromatography column is operated in a flow-through process. In one embodiment, the chromatography column is an ion exchange column. In another embodiment, the chromatography column is a HIC column. In another embodiment, a recombinant protein (e.g., ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant) is polished with an ion exchange column and a HIC column. Non- limiting examples of resins used to polish a recombinant protein are known in the art. As can be appreciated in the art, polishing a recombinant protein using the chromatography column or chromatography membrane can include, e.g., the steps of loading, chasing, and regenerating the chromatography column or chromatographic membrane. For example, when the steps of loading, chasing, and regenerating are used to perform the polishing, the recombinant protein does not bind the resin in the chromatography column or chromatography membrane, and the recombinant protein is eluted from the chromatography column or chromatographic membrane in the loading and chasing steps, and the regenerating step is used to remove any impurities from the chromatography column or chromatographic membrane. Examples of flow rates and buffer volumes to be used in each of the loading, chasing, and regenerating steps are known in the art. Pharmaceutical Compositions Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions that include at least one (e.g., at least two, at least three, at least four or at least five) of the recombinant proteins (e.g., ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant) produced using any of the methods provided herein. In some embodiments, two or more (e.g., two, three, four or five) of any of the recombinant proteins (e.g., ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant) described herein are present in a pharmaceutical composition in any combination. The pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in any manner described in the art. Pharmaceutical compositions are formulated to be compatible with their intended route of administration (e.g., intraarterial, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous), and in dosage unit form (i.e., physically discrete units containing a predetermined quantity of recombinant protein for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage). The pharmaceutical compositions can include a sterile diluent (e.g., sterile water, saline, or water for injection), a fixed oil, polyethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol, or other synthetic solvents, antibacterial or antifungal agents (e.g., benzyl alcohol, methyl parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, ascorbic acid, or thimerosal), antioxidants (e.g., ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite), chelating agents (e.g., ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)), buffers (e.g., acetate buffer, citrate buffer, or phosphate buffer), isotonic agents (e.g., sugars, polyalcohols (e.g,. mannitol or sorbitol), or salts (e.g., sodium chloride), or any combination thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions that include any of the recombinant proteins (e.g., ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant) produced by any of the methods described herein can include about 5 mg/mL to about 10 mg/mL, about 5 mg/mL to about 9 mg/mL, about 5 mg/mL to about 8 mg/mL, about 5 mg/mL to about 7 mg/mL, about 5 mg/mL to about 6 mg/mL, about 6 mg/mL to about 10 mg/mL, about 6 mg/mL to about 9 mg/mL, about 6 mg/mL to about 8 mg/mL, about 6 mg/mL to about 7 mg/mL, about 7 mg/mL to about 10 mg/mL, about 7 mg/mL to about 9 mg/mL, about 7 mg/mL to about 8 mg/mL, about 8 mg/mL to about 10 mg/mL, about 8 mg/mL to about 9 mg/mL, or about 9 mg/mL to about 10 mg/mL, of the recombinant protein produced by any of the methods described herein (e.g., ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant). Some embodiments of any of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein can further include a tonicity agent (e.g., α,α-trehalose dihydrate), a buffer (e.g., a histidine buffer), a surfactant (e.g., polysorbate 20), and water for injection, and have a pH of about 5.0 to about 7.5, about 5.0 to about 7.0, about 5.0 to about 6.5, about 5.0 to about 6.0, about 5.0 to about 5.5, about 5.5 to about 7.5, about 5.5 to about 7.0, about 5.5 to about 6.5, about 5.5 to about 6.0, about 6.0 to about 7.5, about 6.0 to about 7.0, about 6.0 to about 6.5, about 6.5 to about 7.5, about 6.5 to about 7.0, or about 7.0 to about 7.5. In some embodiments, any of the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein can be disposed in a glass vial (e.g., a single-use type I glass vial) or a syringe. In some embodiments, any of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein include less than 100 ppm, less than 95 ppm, less than 90 ppm, less than 80 ppm, less than 70 ppm, less than 60 ppm, less than 50 ppm, less than 45 ppm, less than 40 ppm, less than 35 ppm, less than 30 ppm, less than 25 ppm, less than 20 ppm, less than 15 ppm, less than 10 ppm, or less than 5 ppm host cell protein. Methods of Treatment Also provided herein are methods of treating a subject (e.g., a human) in need thereof that include administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of any of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein that include any of the recombinant proteins (e.g., ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant) produced by any of the methods described herein. In some embodiments of these methods, the subject has been identified or diagnosed as having wet age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, or macular edema following retinal vein occlusion (e.g., branch retinal vein occlusion or central retinal vein occlusion). Some embodiments include administration of one or more doses of any of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein to the subject (e.g., two or more doses, four or more doses, six or more doses, eight or more doses, or ten or more doses). In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the pharmaceutical composition can be administered by subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intravenous administration, intraocular administration, intraarterial administration, or intraperitoneal administration. Kits Also provided herein are kits that include at least one dose of any of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein. In some embodiments, the kits can further include an item for use in administering a pharmaceutical composition (e.g., any of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein) to the mammal (e.g., a human). In some examples, the kit can further include a sterile glass vial, where the pharmaceutical composition is disposed within the sterile glass vial. In some embodiments, the kit can further include a syringe and the pharmaceutical composition is disposed within the syringe. Some examples of the kits include one or more doses (e.g., at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, at least ten, at least eleven, at least twelve, at least thirteen, at least fourteen, at least twenty, at least thirty, at least forty, or at least fifty doses) (e.g., intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intraocular doses) of any of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein. In some examples, the kit further includes instructions for administering the pharmaceutical composition (or a dose of the pharmaceutical composition) to a mammal (e.g., a human in need thereof, e.g., any of the exemplary subjects described herein). Also included herein are kits that include a sterile vial of a lyophilized recombinant protein cake or powder, instructions for reconstituting the cake or powder, and instructions for administration (e.g., intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, or intraocular administration) of the reconstituted solution to a mammal (e.g., a human in need thereof or any of the exemplary subjects described herien). In some embodiments, the kits include a pharmaceutical composition including at least one of the recombinant proteins (e.g., ranibizumab or a ranibizumab variant) produced by any of the methods described herein, and a composition including at least one additional therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the kit further contains instructions for administering the pharmaceutical composition including the at least one of the recombinant proteins produced by any of the methods described herein and a composition including at least one additional therapeutic agent to a mammal (e.g., a human in need thereof or any of the other exemplary subjects described herein). EXAMPLES The disclosure is further described in the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the disclosure described in the claims. Example 1. Production of Ranibizumab at pH 7.5 Seed Build-Up (Day 1): One vial of frozen recombinant bacteria E. coli that include nucleic acid encoding ranibizumab, was placed into the biosafety cabinet to thaw. Once thawed, the contents of the seed vial were transferred into a sterile 1 L baffled shake flask containing 250 mL of sterile seed medium (20.92 g/L MOPS, 1.30 g/L K ₂ HPO ₄ , 3.36 g/L KH ₂ PO ₄ , 23.88 g/L yeast extract, 3.88 g/L ammonium sulfate, 0.72 g/L citric acid, 0.19 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, 10 mg/L tetracycline HCl, 4.50 g/L glucose, and 2.27 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O). The flask was placed into a shaker incubator at 30 °C and rotated at 200 RPM. After 12.5 hours of incubation, the culture was examined for purity microscopically and by streaking onto two TSA plates and seven differential agar plates. These plates were incubated at 30 °C. Since microscopic examination of the flask showed only a single rod- shaped organism, it was used to inoculate the production reactor. Examination of the TSA plates after 28 hours revealed only a single smooth cream colored colony type. The differential agar plates showed only antibiotic resistant E. coli were present. Fermentation Production Reactor Sterilization (Day 1): Calibrated pH and DO probes were placed into a 5L bioreactor, and the reactor was batched with a batching fermentation medium (2.60 g/L K ₂ HPO ₄ , 6.70 g/L KH ₂ PO ₄ , 23.88 g/L yeast extract, 3.88 g/L ammonium sulfate, 1.42 g/L citric acid, 0.19 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, and 0.20 g/L antifoam 204). The reactor was sterilized for 45 minutes at 121 ± 1 °C by autoclaving as shown in Figure 2. Once the reactor was cool, glucose and magnesium sulfate were aseptically added (2.5 g/L glucose and 2.30 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O). The reactor was then sampled to verify sterility by both microscopic examination and plating 1 mL onto two TSA plates. After sampling, 10 mg/L tetracycline HCl was added to the reactor to give the complete medium. The plates were then incubated at 30 °C. Microscopic examination showed no microorganisms present in the media. Examination of the TSA plates after 48.75 hours of incubation revealed no colonies on either plates. Inoculation and Growth (Day 1-3) After 12.5 hours of incubation, the seed flask had reached an OD ₆₀₀ of 13.7. A portion of this culture, 75mL, was used to inoculate the bioreactor. Data collection and the pH control were hooked up and started at this time. The production reactor was then allowed to continue, sampling periodically (Table 1). At 4.75 hours, the glucose feed (720.0 g/L glucose monohydrate) was started. Glucose was fed exponentially using the equation below: Feed Rate (L/h) = (CDW * V * µmax e^µmax*t)/(Feed Conc. * Cell Yield) Parameters used: CDW = 4 g/L; V = 3 L; µmax = 0.24, Feed Conc. = 660 g/L; Cell Yield = 0.45 g/g, and t = EFT. Since the culture grew slower than the control, spike tests were used to adjust the exponential feed equation. The exponential was adjusted at 8 hours to μmax = 0.225, at 12 hours to 0.22, and at 14 hours to 0.205. At 12 hours the OD ₆₀₀ had reached 107.7, and the phosphate/magnesium feed (4.6 g/L sodium citrate dehydrate, 1.6 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, 18.26 g/L phosphoric acid (85%), and 6.5 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O) was started at this time with a target rate of 1.8 g/L/hr. The actual rate for the run was 1.79 g/L/hr. At 16 hours EFT, the exponential glucose feed was stopped and the feed set to linear feeding. The feed rate was decreased during the remainder of the run to try and keep the glucose levels between 0.5 to 5 g/L. At 45 hours EFT, the phosphate feed was stopped. The data for the run are shown in Table 2 and Figures 3-7. Table 1. Sample Points

ND, Not Determined Table 2. Materials and Volumes Harvesting of Product (Day 3) After 48.5 hours of growth, the OD ₆₀₀ had reached 187 and the production reactor was cooled down to < 20 °C for harvesting. A total of 4,017 g of culture was removed. The culture was harvested by centrifugation with a Sorvall centrifuge by spinning at 10,000 x g for 30 minutes. The supernatant was decanted and collected. The supernatant (3,179 g) was brought to 5 mM EDTA by the addition of 500 mM EDTA. The cell pellet was very firm and was discarded. The supernatant was stored at 4 °C. Fermentation conditions Reactor Volume: 2.6 L post-inoculation Air Flow: 2 slpm Oxygen Flow: 0-2.5 slpm Vessel Pressure: 2 PSI Temperature: 30.0 °C Agitation: 300-1300 RPM Dissolved Oxygen: > 30%, controlled with oxygen supplementation and agitation pH: 7.5, controlled with 29% ammonium hydroxide Antifoam: Antifoam 204 Induction: At OD 100, begin phosphate feed Example 2. Production of Ranibizumab at pH 6.8 Seed Build-up (Day 1) One vial of frozen E. coli that include nucleic acid encoding ranibizumab was placed into the biosafety cabinet to thaw. Once thawed, the contents of the seed vial were transferred into a sterile 1 L baffled shake flask containing 250 mL of sterile seed medium (20.92 g/L MOPS, 1.30 g/L K ₂ HPO ₄ , 3.36 g/L KH ₂ PO ₄ , 23.88 g/L yeast extract, 3.88 g/L ammonium sulfate, 0.72 g/L citric acid, 0.19 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, 10 mg/L tetracycline HCl, 4.50 g/L glucose, and 2.27 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O). The flask was placed into a shaker incubator at 30 °C and rotated at 200 RPM. After 12.5 hours of incubation, the culture was examined for purity microscopically and by streaking onto two TSA plates and seven differential agar plates. These plates were incubated at 30 °C. Since microscopic examination of the flask showed only a single rod- shaped organism, it was used to inoculate the production reactor. Examination of the TSA plates after 28 hours revealed only a single smooth cream colored colony type. The differential agar plates showed only antibiotic resistant E. coli were present. Fermentation Production Reactor Sterilization (Day 1) Calibrated pH and DO probes were placed into a 5 L bioreactor, and the reactor was batched with a batching fermentation medium (2.60 g/L K ₂ HPO ₄ , 6.70 g/L KH ₂ PO ₄ , 23.88 g/L yeast extract, 3.88 g/L ammonium sulfate, 1.42 g/L citric acid, 0.19 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, and 0.20 g/L antifoam 204). The reactor was sterilized for 45 minutes at 121 ± 1 °C by autoclaving as shown in Figure 8. Once the reactor was cool, glucose and magnesium sulfate were aseptically added (2.5 g/L glucose and 2.30 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O). The reactor was then sampled to verify sterility by both microscopic examination and plating 1 mL onto two TSA plates. After sampling, 10 mg/L tetracycline HCl was added to the reactor to give the complete medium. The plates were then incubated at 30°C. Microscopic examination showed no microorganisms present in the media. Examination of the TSA plates after 48.83 hours of incubation revealed no colonies on either plates. Inoculation and Growth After 12.5 hours of incubation, the seed flask had reached an OD ₆₀₀ of 13.7. A portion of this culture, 75 mL, was used to inoculate the bioreactor. Data collection and the pH control were hooked up and started at this time. The production reactor was then allowed to continue, sampling periodically (Table 3). At 4.0 hours, the glucose feed (720.0 g/L glucose monohydrate) was started. Glucose was fed exponentially using the equation below: Feed Rate (L/h) = (CDW * V * µmax e^µmax*t)/(Feed Conc. * Cell Yield) Parameters used: CDW = 4 g/L; V = 3 L; µmax = 0.24, Feed Conc. = 660 g/L; Cell Yield = 0.45 g/g, and t = EFT. At 9 hours the OD ₆₀₀ had reached 104.8, and the phosphate/magnesium feed (4.6 g/L sodium citrate dehydrate, 1.6 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, 18.26 g/L phosphoric acid (85%), and 6.5 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O) was started at this time with a target rate of 1.8 g/L/hr. The actual rate for the run was 1.92 g/L/hr. At 12.5 hours EFT, the exponential glucose feed was stopped and the feed set to linear feeding. The feed rate was decreased during the remainder of the run to try and keep the glucose levels between 0.5 to 5 g/L. At 44.5 hours EFT, the phosphate feed was stopped. The data for the run are shown in Table 3 and Figures 8-13. A summary of materials used for this run are shown in Table 4. Table 3. Sample points

ND, Not Determined Table 4. Materials and Volumes Harvesting of Product After 44.5 hours of growth, the OD ₆₀₀ had reached 128 and the production reactor was cooled down to < 20 °C for harvest. A total of 3729.6 g of culture was removed and harvested. The culture was harvested by centrifugation with a Sorvall centrifuge by spinning at 10,000 x g for 30 minutes. The supernatant was decanted and collected. The supernatant (2,455.6 g) was brought to 5 mM EDTA by the addition of 500 mM EDTA. The cell paste was discarded. The supernatant was stored at 4 °C. Fermentation conditions Reactor Volume: 2.5L post-inoculation Air Flow: 2 slpm Oxygen Flow: 0-2.5 slpm Vessel Pressure: 2 PSI Temperature: 30.0oC Agitation: 300-1300 rpm Dissolved Oxygen: >30%, controlled with oxygen supplementation and agitation pH: 6.8, controlled with 29% ammonium hydroxide Antifoam: Antifoam 204 Induction: At OD 100, begin phosphate feed Example 3. Production of Ranibizumab at pH 5.5 Seed Build-up (Day 1) One vial of frozen E. coli that include nucleic acid encoding ranibizumab, was placed into the biosafety cabinet to thaw. Once thawed, the contents of the seed vial were transferred into a sterile 1 L baffled shake flask containing 250 mL of sterile seed medium (20.92 g/L MOPS, 1.30 g/L K ₂ HPO ₄ , 3.36 g/L KH ₂ PO ₄ , 23.88 g/L yeast extract, 3.88 g/L ammonium sulfate, 0.72 g/L citric acid, 0.19 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, 10 mg/L tetracycline HCl, 4.50 g/L glucose and 2.27 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O). The flask was placed into a shaker incubator at 30 °C and rotated at 200 RPM. After 12.5 hours of incubation, the culture was examined for purity microscopically and by streaking onto two TSA plates and seven differential agar plates. These plates were incubated at 30 °C. Since microscopic examination of the flask showed only a single rod- shaped organism, it was used to inoculate the production reactor. Examination of the TSA plates after 28 hours revealed only a single smooth cream colored colony type. The differential agar plates showed only antibiotic resistant E. coli were present. Fermentation Production Reactor Sterilization (Day 1): Calibrated pH and DO probes were placed into a 5 L bioreactor, and the reactor was batched with a batching fermentation medium (2.60 g/L K ₂ HPO ₄ , 6.70 g/L KH ₂ PO ₄ , 23.88 g/L yeast extract, 3.88 g/L ammonium sulfate, 1.42 g/L citric acid, 0.19 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, and 0.20 g/L antifoam 204). The reactor was sterilized for 45 minutes at 121 ± 1 °C by autoclaving as shown in Figure 14. Once the reactor was cool, glucose and magnesium sulfate were aseptically added (2.5 g/L glucose and 2.30 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O). The reactor was then sampled to verify sterility by both microscopic examination and plating 1 mL onto two TSA plates. After sampling, 10 mg/L tetracycline HCl was added to the reactor to give the complete medium. The plates were then incubated at 30 °C. Microscopic examination showed no microorganisms present in the media. Examination of the TSA plates after 48.75 hours of incubation revealed no colonies on either plates. Inoculation and Growth After 12.5 hours of incubation, the seed flask had reached an OD ₆₀₀ of 12.2. A portion of this culture, 75 mL, was used to inoculate the bioreactor. Data collection and the pH control were hooked up and started at this time. The production reactor was then allowed to continue, sampling periodically (Table 5). At 5 hours, the glucose feed (720.0 g/L glucose monohydrate) was started. Glucose was fed exponentially using the equation below: Feed Rate (L/h) = (CDW * V * µmax e^µmax*t)/(Feed Conc. * Cell Yield) Parameters used: CDW = 4 g/L; V = 3 L; µmax = 0.24, Feed Conc. = 660 g/L; Cell Yield = 0.45 g/g, and t = EFT. At 11.5 hours the OD ₆₀₀ had reached 105, and the phosphate/magnesium feed (4.6 g/L sodium citrate dehydrate, 1.6 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, 18.26 g/L phosphoric acid (85%), and 6.5 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O) was started at this time with a target rate of 1.8 g/L/hr. The actual rate for the run was 2.0 g/L/hr. At 14.5 hours EFT, the exponential glucose feed was stopped and the feed set to linear feeding. The feed rate was decreased during the remainder of the run to try and keep the glucose levels between 0.5 to 5 g/L. At 26 hours EFT, the phosphate feed was stopped. The data for the run are shown in Table 5 and Figures 15-19. A summary of materials used for this run are shown in Table 6. Table 5. Sample points

ND, Not Determined Table 6: Materials and Volumes Harvesting of Product After 30 hours of growth, the OD ₆₀₀ had reached 92 and the production reactor was cooled down to < 20 °C for harvest. A total of 3,394.8 g of culture was removed. The culture was harvested by centrifugation with a Sorvall centrifuge by spinning at 10,000 x g for 30 minutes. The supernatant was decanted and collected. The supernatant (2,530 g) was brought to 5 mM EDTA by the addition of 500 mM EDTA. The cell paste was discarded. The supernatant was stored at 4 °C. Fermentation conditions Reactor Volume: 2.5L post-inoculation Air Flow: 2 slpm Oxygen Flow: 0-2.5 slpm Vessel Pressure: 2 PSI Temperature: 30.0°C Agitation: 300-1300 rpm Dissolved Oxygen: >30%, controlled with oxygen supplementation and agitation pH: 5.5, controlled with 29% ammonium hydroxide Antifoam: Antifoam 204 Induction: At OD 100, begin phosphate feed Example 4. Production of Ranibizumab at pH 6.2 Seed Build-up (Day 1) One vial of frozen E. coli that include nucleic acid encoding ranibizumab was placed into the biosafety cabinet to thaw. Once thawed, the contents of the seed vial were transferred into a sterile 1 L baffled shake flask containing 250 mL of sterile seed medium (20.92 g/L MOPS, 1.30 g/L K ₂ HPO ₄ , 3.36 g/L KH ₂ PO ₄ , 23.88 g/L yeast extract, 3.88 g/L ammonium sulfate, 0.72 g/L citric acid, 0.19 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, 10 mg/L tetracycline HCl, 4.50 g/L glucose and 2.27 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O). The flask was placed into a shaker incubator at 30 °C and rotated at 200 RPM. After 12.5 hours of incubation, the culture was examined for purity microscopically and by streaking onto two TSA plates and seven differential agar plates. These plates were incubated at 30 °C. Since microscopic examination of the flask showed only a single rod- shaped organism, it was used to inoculate the production reactor. Examination of the TSA plates after 28 hours revealed only a single smooth cream colored colony type. The differential agar plates showed only antibiotic resistant E. coli were present. Fermentation Production Reactor Sterilization (Day 1): Calibrated pH and DO probes were placed into a 5 L bioreactor, and the reactor was batched with a batching fermentation medium (2.60 g/L K ₂ HPO ₄ , 6.70 g/L KH ₂ PO ₄ , 23.88 g/L yeast extract, 3.88 g/L ammonium sulfate, 1.42 g/L citric acid, 0.19 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, and 0.20 g/L antifoam 204). The reactor was sterilized for 45 minutes at 121 ± 1 °C by autoclaving as shown in Figure 20. Once the reactor was cool, glucose and magnesium sulfate were aseptically added (2.5 g/L glucose and 2.30 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O). The reactor was then sampled to verify sterility by both microscopic examination and plating 1 mL onto two TSA plates. After sampling, 10 mg/L tetracycline HCl was added to the reactor to give the complete medium. The plates were then incubated at 30 °C. Microscopic examination showed no microorganisms present in the media. Examination of the TSA plates after 48.75 hours of incubation revealed no colonies on either plates. Inoculation and Growth (Day 1-3) After 12.5 hours of incubation, the seed flask had reached an OD ₆₀₀ of 12.2. A portion of this culture, 75 mL, was used to inoculate the bioreactor. Data collection and the pH control were hooked up and started at this time. The production reactor was then allowed to continue, sampling periodically (Table 7). At 4 hours, the glucose feed (720.0 g/L glucose monohydrate) was started. Glucose was fed exponentially using the equation below: Feed Rate (L/h) = (CDW * V * µmax e^µmax*t)/(Feed Conc. * Cell Yield) Parameters used: CDW = 4 g/L; V = 3 L; µmax = 0.24, Feed Conc. = 660 g/L; Cell Yield = 0.45 g/g, and t=EFT. At 10.5 hours the OD ₆₀₀ had reached 107.9, and the phosphate/magnesium feed (4.6 g/L sodium citrate dehydrate, 1.6 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, 18.26 g/L phosphoric acid (85%), and 6.5 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O) was started at this time with a target rate of 1.8 g/L/hr. The actual rate for the run was 1.79 g/L/hr. At 13.25 hours EFT, the exponential glucose feed was stopped and the feed set to linear feeding. The feed rate was decreased during the remainder of the run to try and keep the glucose levels between 0.5 to 5 g/L. At 44.5 hours EFT, the phosphate feed was stopped. The data for the run are shown in Table 7 and Figures 21-25. A summary of materials used for this run are shown in Table 8. Table 7. Sample points

ND, Not Determined Table 8: Materials and Volumes Harvesting of Product (Day 3) After 48.5 hours of growth, the OD ₆₀₀ had reached 80.1 and the production reactor was cooled down to < 20 °C for harvest. A total of 3.576 g of culture was removed. The culture was harvested by centrifugation with a Sorvall centrifuge by spinning at 10,000 x g for 30 minutes. The supernatant was decanted and collected. The supernatant (1,663 g) was brought to 5 mM EDTA by the addition of 500 mM EDTA. The cell pellet was very firm and was discarded. The supernatant was stored at 4 °C. Fermentation Conditions Reactor Volume: 2.5 L post-inoculation Air Flow: 2 slpm Oxygen Flow: 0-2.5 slpm Vessel Pressure: 2 PSI Temperature: 30.0°C Agitation: 300-1300 RPM Dissolved Oxygen: >30%, controlled with oxygen supplementation and agitation pH: 6.2, controlled with 29% ammonium hydroxide Antifoam: Antifoam 204 Induction: At OD 100, begin phosphate feed Example 5: Production of Ranibizumab at pH 6.8 Seed Build-up (Day 1) One vial of frozen E. coli that include nucleic acid encoding ranibizumab was placed into the biosafety cabinet to thaw. Once thawed, the contents of the seed vial were transferred into a sterile 1 L baffled shake flask containing 250 mL of sterile seed medium (20.92 g/L MOPS, 1.30 g/L K ₂ HPO ₄ , 3.36 g/L KH ₂ PO ₄ , 23.88 g/L yeast extract, 3.88 g/L ammonium sulfate, 0.72 g/L citric acid, 0.19 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, 10 mg/L tetracycline HCl, 4.50 g/L glucose, and 2.27 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O). The flask was placed into a shaker incubator at 30 °C and rotated at 200 RPM. After 13.25 hours of incubation, the culture was examined for purity microscopically and by streaking onto two TSA plates and seven differential agar plates. These plates were incubated at 30 °C. Since microscopic examination of the flask showed only a single rod- shaped organism, it was used to inoculate the production reactor. Examination of the TSA plates after 26.25 hours revealed only a single smooth cream colored colony type. Fermentation Production Reactor Sterilization (Day 1): Calibrated pH and DO probes were placed into a 5 L bioreactor, and the reactor was batched with a batching fermentation medium (2.60 g/L K ₂ HPO ₄ , 6.70 g/L KH ₂ PO ₄ , 23.88 g/L yeast extract, 3.88 g/L ammonium sulfate, 1.43 g/L citric acid, 0.19 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, and 0.20 g/L antifoam 204). The reactor was sterilized for 45 minutes at 121 ± 1 °C by autoclaving as shown in Figure 26. Once the reactor was cool, glucose and magnesium sulfate were aseptically added (2.5 g/L glucose and 2.30 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O). The reactor was then sampled to verify sterility by both microscopic examination and plating 1 mL onto two TSA plates. After sampling, the 10 mg/L tetracycline HCl was added to the reactor to give the complete medium. The plates were then incubated at 30 °C. Microscopic examination showed no microorganisms present in the media. Examination of the TSA plates after 47 hours of incubation revealed no colonies on either plates. Inoculation and Growth (Day 1-3) After 13.25 hours of incubation, the seed flask had reached an OD ₆₀₀ of 9.7. A portion of this culture, 75 mL, was used to inoculate the bioreactor. Data collection and the pH control were hooked up and started at this time. The production reactor was then allowed to continue, sampling periodically (Table 9). At 4.0 hours, the glucose feed (720.0 g/L glucose monohydrate) was started. Glucose was fed exponentially using the equation below: Feed Rate (L/h) = (CDW * V * µmax e^µmax*t)/(Feed Conc. * Cell Yield) Parameters used: CDW = 4 g/L; V = 2.5 L; µmax = 0.24, Feed Conc. = 660 g/L; Cell Yield = 0.45 g/g, and t=EFT. At 10 hours the OD ₆₀₀ had reached 111, and the phosphate/magnesium feed (4.6 g/L sodium citrate dehydrate, 1.6 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, 18.26 g/L phosphoric acid (85%), and 6.5 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O) was started at this time with a target rate of 1.8 g/L/hr. The actual rate for the run was 2.0 g/L/hr. At 13 hours EFT, the exponential glucose feed was stopped and the feed set to linear feeding. The feed rate was decreased during the remainder of the run to try and keep the glucose levels between 0.5-5 g/L. At 42 hours EFT, the phosphate feed was stopped. The data for the run are shown in Table 9 and Figures 27-31. A summary of materials used for this run are shown in Table 10. Table 9. Sample points

Table 10. Materials and Volumes Harvesting of Product (Day 3) After 48 hours of growth, the OD ₆₀₀ had reached 141 and the production reactor was cooled down to < 20 °C for harvest. A total of 4152.7 g of culture was removed. The culture was harvested by centrifugation with a Sorvall centrifuge by spinning at 10,000 x g for 30 minutes. The supernatant was decanted and collected. The supernatant (2876.1 g) was brought to 5 mM EDTA by the addition of 500 mM EDTA. The cell paste was discarded. The supernatant was stored at 4 °C. Fermentation conditions Reactor Volume: 2.5 L post-inoculation Air Flow: 2 slpm Oxygen Flow: 0-2.5 slpm Vessel Pressure: 2 PSI Temperature: 30.0°C Agitation: 300-1300 RPM Dissolved Oxygen: >30%, controlled with oxygen supplementation and agitation pH: 6.8, controlled with 29% ammonium hydroxide Antifoam: Antifoam 204 Induction: At OD 100, begin phosphate feed Example 6: Production of Ranibizumab at pH 6.6 Seed Build-up (Day 1) Culture One vial of frozen E. coli that include nucleic acid encoding ranibizumab was placed into the biosafety cabinet to thaw. Once thawed, the contents of the seed vial were transferred into a sterile 1 L baffled shake flask containing 250 mL of sterile seed medium (20.92 g/L MOPS, 1.30 g/L K ₂ HPO ₄ , 3.36 g/L KH ₂ PO ₄ , 23.88 g/L yeast extract, 3.88 g/L ammonium sulfate, 0.72 g/L citric acid, 0.19 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, 10 mg/L tetracycline HCl, 4.50 g/L glucose, and 2.27 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O). The flask was placed into a shaker incubator at 30 °C and rotated at 200 RPM. After 13.25 hours of incubation, the culture was examined for purity microscopically and by streaking onto two TSA plates and seven differential agar plates. These plates were incubated at 30 °C. Since microscopic examination of the flask showed only a single rod- shaped organism, it was used to inoculate the production reactor. Examination of the TSA plates after 26.25 hours revealed only a single smooth cream colored colony type. Fermentation Production Reactor Sterilization (Day 1): Calibrated pH and DO probes were placed into a 5 L bioreactor, and the reactor was batched with a batching differentiation medium (2.60 g/L K ₂ HPO ₄ , 6.70 g/L KH ₂ PO ₄ , 23.88 g/L yeast extract, 3.88 g/L ammonium sulfate, 1.42 g/L citric acid, 0.19 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, and 0.20 g/L antifoam 204). The reactor was sterilized for 45 minutes at 121 ± 1 °C by autoclaving as shown in Figure 32. Once the reactor was cool, glucose and magnesium sulfate were aseptically added (2.5 g/L glucose, 2.30 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O). The reactor was then sampled to verify sterility by both microscopic examination and plating 1 mL onto two TSA plates. After sampling, 10 mg/L tetracycline HCl was added to the reactor to give the complete medium. The plates were then incubated at 30 °C. Microscopic examination showed no microorganisms present in the media. Examination of the TSA plates after 47 hours of incubation revealed no colonies on either plates. Inoculation and Growth (Day 1-3) After 13.25 hours of incubation, the seed flask had reached an OD ₆₀₀ of 9.7. A portion of this culture, 75 mL, was used to inoculate the bioreactor. Data collection and the pH control were hooked up and started at this time. The production reactor was then allowed to continue, sampling periodically (Table 11). At 4.0 hours, the glucose feed (720.0 g/L glucose monohydrate) was started. Glucose was fed exponentially using the equation below: Feed Rate (L/h) = (CDW * V * µmax e^µmax*t)/(Feed Conc. * Cell Yield) Parameters used: CDW = 4 g/L; V = 2.5 L; µmax = 0.24, Feed Conc. = 660 g/L; Cell Yield = 0.45 g/g, and t = EFT. At 9 hours the OD ₆₀₀ had reached 93.4, and the phosphate/magnesium feed (4.6 g/L sodium citrate dehydrate, 1.6 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, 18.26 g/L phosphoric acid (85%), and 6.5 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O) was started at this time with a target rate of 1.8 g/L/hr. The actual rate for the run was 1.89 g/L/hr. At 13 hours EFT, the exponential glucose feed was stopped and the feed set to linear feeding. At 13 hours EFT, the pH set point was changed to control at 6.6. The glucose feed rate was decreased during the remainder of the run to try and keep the glucose levels between 0.5 to 5 g/L. At 42 hours EFT, the phosphate feed was stopped. The data for the run are shown in Table 11 and Figures 33-37. A summary of materials used for this run are shown in Table 12. Table 11. Sample points Table 12. Materials and Volumes Harvesting of Product (Day 3) After 48 hours of growth, the OD ₆₀₀ had reached 120 and the production reactor was cooled down to < 20 °C for harvest. A total of 3582.7 g of culture was removed. The culture was harvested by centrifugation with a Sorvall centrifuge by spinning at 10,000 x g for 30 minutes. The supernatant was decanted and collected. The supernatant (2306.3 g) was brought to 5 mM EDTA by the addition of 500 mM EDTA. The cell paste was discarded. The supernatant was stored at 4 °C. Fermentation conditions Reactor Volume: 2.5 L post-inoculation Air Flow: 2 slpm Oxygen Flow: 0-2.5 slpm Vessel Pressure: 2 PSI Temperature: 30.0 °C Agitation: 300-1300 RPM Dissolved Oxygen: >30%, controlled with oxygen supplementation and agitation pH: 6.8 for growth, pH 6.6 for induction, controlled with 29% ammonium hydroxide Antifoam: Antifoam 204 Induction: At OD 100, begin phosphate feed Example 7: Production of Ranibizumab at pH 6.4 Seed Build-up (Day 1) Culture One vial of frozen E. coli that include nucleic acid encoding ranibizumab was placed into the biosafety cabinet to thaw. Once thawed, the contents of the seed vial were transferred into a sterile 1 L baffled shake flask containing 250 mL of sterile seed medium (20.92 g/L MOPS, 1.30 g/L K ₂ HPO ₄ , 3.36 g/L KH ₂ PO ₄ , 23.88 g/L yeast extract, 3.88 g/L ammonium sulfate, 0.72 g/L citric acid, 0.19 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, 10 mg/L tetracycline HCl, 4.50 g/L glucose, and 2.27 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O). The flask was placed into a shaker incubator at 30 °C and rotated at 200 RPM. After 13.25 hours of incubation, the culture was examined for purity microscopically and by streaking onto two TSA plates and seven differential agar plates. These plates were incubated at 30 °C. Since microscopic examination of the flask showed only a single rod- shaped organism, it was used to inoculate the production reactor. Examination of the TSA plates after 26.25 hours revealed only a single smooth cream colored colony type. Fermentation Production Reactor Sterilization (Day 1): Calibrated pH and DO probes were placed into a 5 L bioreactor, and the reactor was batched with a batching fermentation medium (2.60 g/L K ₂ HPO ₄ , 6.70 g/L KH ₂ PO ₄ , 23.88 g/L yeast extract, 3.88 g/L ammonium sulfate, 1.42 g/L citric acid, 0.19 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, and 0.20 g/L antifoam 204). The reactor was sterilized for 45 minutes at 121 ± 1 °C by autoclaving as shown in Figure 38. Once the reactor was cool, glucose and magnesium sulfate were aseptically added (2.5 g/L glucose, 2.30 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O). The reactor was then sampled to verify sterility by both microscopic examination and plating 1 mL onto two TSA plates. After sampling, the 10 mg/L tetracycline HCl was added to the reactor to give the complete medium shown above. The plates were then incubated at 30 °C. Microscopic examination showed no microorganisms present in the media. Examination of the TSA plates after 47 hours of incubation revealed no colonies on either plates. Inoculation and Growth (Day 1-3) After 13.25 hours of incubation, the seed flask had reached an OD ₆₀₀ of 9.7. A portion of this culture, 75 mL, was used to inoculate the bioreactor. Data collection and the pH control were hooked up and started at this time. The production reactor was then allowed to continue, sampling periodically (Table 13). At 4.0 hours, the glucose feed (720.0 g/L glucose monohydrate) was started. Glucose was fed exponentially using the equation below: Feed Rate (L/h) = (CDW * V * µmax e^µmax*t)/(Feed Conc. * Cell Yield) Parameters used: CDW = 4 g/L; V = 2.5 L; µmax = 0.24, Feed Conc. = 660 g/L; Cell Yield = 0.45 g/g, and t = EFT. At 10 hours the OD ₆₀₀ had reached 115, and the phosphate/magnesium feed (4.6 g/L sodium citrate dehydrate, 1.6 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, 18.26 g/L phosphoric acid (85%), and 6.5 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O) was started at this time with a target rate of 1.8 g/L/hr. The actual rate for the run was 1.86 g/L/hr. At 13 hours EFT, the exponential glucose feed was stopped and the feed set to linear feeding. At 13.5 hours EFT, the pH set point was changed to control at 6.4. The glucose feed rate was decreased during the remainder of the run to try and keep the glucose levels between 0.5 to 5 g/L. At 42 hours EFT, the phosphate feed was stopped. The data for the run are shown in Table 13 and Figures 39-43. A summary of materials used for this run are shown in Table 14. Table 13. Sample points

Table 14. Materials and Volumes Harvesting of Product (Day 3) After 48.5 hours of growth, the OD ₆₀₀ had reached 113 and the production reactor was cooled down to < 20 °C for harvest. A total of 3298.2 g of culture was removed. The culture was harvested by centrifugation with a Sorvall centrifuge by spinning at 10,000 x g for 30 minutes. The supernatant was decanted and collected. The supernatant (2052.8 g) was brought to 5 mM EDTA by the addition of 500 mM EDTA. The cell paste was discarded. The supernatant was stored at 4 °C. Fermentation conditions Reactor Volume: 2.5 L post-inoculation Air Flow: 2 slpm Oxygen Flow: 0-2.5 slpm Vessel Pressure: 2 PSI Temperature: 30.0 °C Agitation: 300-1300 RPM Dissolved Oxygen: >30%, controlled with oxygen supplementation and agitation pH: 6.8 for growth, pH 6.4 for induction, controlled with 29% ammonium hydroxide Antifoam: Antifoam 204 Induction: At OD 100, begin phosphate feed Example 8: Production of Ranibizumab using Glycerol at pH 6.8 Seed Build-up (Day 1) Culture One vial of frozen E. coli that include nucleic acid encoding ranibizumab was placed into the biosafety cabinet to thaw. Once thawed, the contents of the seed vial were transferred into a sterile 1 L baffled shake flask containing 250 mL of sterile seed medium (20.92 g/L MOPS, 1.30 g/L K ₂ HPO ₄ , 3.36 g/L KH ₂ PO ₄ , 23.88 g/L yeast extract, 3.88 g/L ammonium sulfate, 0.72 g/L citric acid, 0.19 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, 10 mg/L tetracycline HCl, 4.80 g/L glycerol, and 2.27 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O). The flask was placed into a shaker incubator at 30 °C and rotated at 200 RPM. After 13.25 hours of incubation, the culture was examined for purity microscopically and by streaking onto two TSA plates and seven differential agar plates. These plates were incubated at 30 °C. Since microscopic examination of the flask showed only a single rod- shaped organism, it was used to inoculate the production reactor. Examination of the TSA plates after 25.92 hours revealed only a single smooth cream colored colony type. Fermentation Production Reactor Sterilization (Day 1): Calibrated pH and DO probes were placed into a 5 L bioreactor, and the reactor was batched with a batch fermentation medium (2.60 g/L K ₂ HPO ₄ , 6.70 g/L KH ₂ PO ₄ , 23.88 g/L yeast extract, 3.88 g/L ammonium sulfate, 2.14 g/L citric acid, 0.19 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, and 0.20 g/L antifoam 204). The reactor was sterilized for 45 minutes at 121 ± 1 °C by autoclaving as shown in Figure 44. Once the reactor was cool, glycerol and magnesium sulfate was aseptically added (2.50 g/L glycerol, 2.30 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O). The reactor was then sampled to verify sterility by both microscopic examination and plating 1 mL onto two TSA plates. After sampling, the 10 mg/L teracycline HCl was added to the reactor to give the complete medium shown above. The plates were then incubated at 30 °C. Microscopic examination showed no microorganisms present in the media. Examination of the TSA plates after 47 hours of incubation revealed no colonies on either plates. Inoculation and Growth (Day 1-3) After 13.25 hours of incubation, the seed flask had reached an OD ₆₀₀ of 10.1. A portion of this culture, 75 mL, was used to inoculate the bioreactor. Data collection and the pH control were hooked up and started at this time. The production reactor was then allowed to continue, sampling periodically (Table 15). At 4.0 hours, the glycerol feed (600.0 g/L) was started. Glycerol was fed exponentially using the equation below: Feed Rate (L/h) = (CDW * V * µmax e^µmax*t)/(Feed Conc. * Cell Yield) Parameters used: CDW = 4 g/L; V = 2.5 L; µmax = 0.24, Feed Conc. = 660 g/L; Cell Yield = 0.45 g/g, and t = EFT. At 11 hours the OD ₆₀₀ had reached 105.7, and the phosphate/magnesium feed (4.6 g/L sodium citrate dehydrate, 1.6 g/L FeCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, 18.26 g/L phosphoric acid (85%), and 6.5 g/L MgSO ₄ -7H ₂ O) was started at this time with a target rate of 1.8 g/L/hr. The actual rate for the run was 1.77 g/L/hr. At 13.5 hours EFT, the exponential glycerol feed was stopped and the feed set to linear feeding. Spike tests were performed periodically and the glycerol feed rate was decreased during the remainder of the run to keep the glycerol from building in the reactor. After completion of the runs, the YSI was changed over to read glycerol and the supernatant samples were analyzed for glycerol. At 42 hours EFT, the phosphate feed was stopped. The data for the run are shown in Table 15 and Figures 45-49. A summary of materials used for this run are shown in Table 16. Table 15. Sample points

ND, Not Determined Table 16: Materials and Volumes Harvesting of Product (Day 3) After 48.5 hours of growth, the OD ₆₀₀ had reached 151 and the production reactor was cooled down to < 20 °C for harvest. A total of 3565.4g of culture was removed. The culture was harvested by centrifugation with a Sorvall centrifuge by spinning at 10,000 x g for 30 minutes. The supernatant was decanted and collected. The supernatant (2673.2 g) was brought to 5 mM EDTA by the addition of 500 mM EDTA. The cell paste was discarded. The supernatant was stored at 4 °C. Fermentation conditions Reactor Volume: 2.5 L post-inoculation Air Flow: 2 slpm Oxygen Flow: 0-2 slpm Vessel Pressure: 2 PSI Temperature: 30.0 °C Agitation: 300-1300 RPM Dissolved Oxygen: >30%, controlled with oxygen supplementation and agitation pH: 6.8, controlled with 29% ammonium hydroxide Antifoam: Antifoam 204 Induction: At OD 100, begin phosphate feed Example 9. Summary of Ranibizumab Harvested in Examples 1 – 8 The results for protein production for Examples 1-8 are listed in Table 17. Specifically, Table 17 shows the amount of mg purified ranibizumab/L after purification column 1 (Col 1) and after purification column 2 (Col 2). Table 17. Summary table for purification of Column 1 and Column 2. Addition of glycerol increases protein production compared to control The addition of glycerol in Example 8 showed an increase in titer of 1.3X over the control (Table 17, 33.9 mg/L supernatant (pH 6.8 control) to 44.3 mg/L supernatant (pH 6.8 + glycerol). pH 6.8 during growth phase combined with either pH 6.6 or pH 6.4 during protein production phase yields greater amount purified protein than control Examples 5-8 show that growing recombinant bacterium (growth phase) in one pH window (e.g., pH about 6.8 to about 7.5) and producing recombinant protein (protein production phase) in a second pH window (e.g., pH about 6.0 to about 6.75) can increase yield of recombinant protein compared to controls. For these experiments, growth phase was considered from the moment of inoculation of the bioreactor to about 12 hours, to about 13 hours, or to about 14 hours effective fermentation time (EFT). The protein production phase began at about 14 hours EFT to about 16 hours EFT and continued until the end of the culture period at about 48 hours EFT. Example 5 used a liquid culture medium with a pH of 6.8 for both growth phase and protein production phase. Example 6 and Example 7 used a liquid culture medium with a pH of 6.8 during the growth phase and a liquid culture medium with pH of 6.6 or 6.4 during the protein production phase. Figures 50 and 51 and Table 17 show the increased protein yields when liquid culture media having a pH of 6.2, 6.4, or 6.6, as compared to a pH of 6.8, as used during the protein production phase. OTHER EMBODIMENTS It is to be understood that while the disclosure has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope, which is defined by the appended claims. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are within the scope of the following claims.