MLL1 INHIBITORS AND ANTI-CANCER AGENTS

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of PCT/CN2019/107010 filed 20 September 2019 and PCT/CN2020/095916 filed 12 June 2020; each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compounds, compositions and methods for inhibiting mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Chromatin is the main repository of genetic information in the eukaryotic nucleus, comprising DNA compacted into structures called nucleosomes by a set of small basic histones and non-histone chromosomal proteins. Histones can be enzymatically modified by the addition of acetyl, methyl, or phosphate groups. Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (KMT2) family proteins methylate lysine 4 on the histone H3 tail (H3K4) at important regulatory regions in the genome, and thereby impart crucial functions through modulating chromatin structures and DNA accessibility.

KMT2 family mutations are among the most frequent alterations in human cancer (Kandoth et al., Nature 502:333-339 (2013)). The most prominent example is mixed lineage leukemia (MLL or MLL-r), which presents a heterogeneous group of AML (acute myeloid leukemia) and ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia) bearing features. The hallmark of this type of disease is the chromosomal rearrangement of MLL1 gene (also known as KMT2A, MLL, ALL-1 and HRX) (Krivtsov et al., Nature Rev. Cancer 7:823-833 (2007); Liedtke et al., Blood 113:6061-6068 (2009).

In MLL1 rearranged leukemia, reciprocal translocation of MLL1 gene results in in-frame fusion of the 5’-end MLL1 with the 3’-end of the fusion partner gene, which may recruit other factors aberrantly such as Dot1 L. A common feature of MLL1 abnormality in MLL-r leukemia is the preservation of one wild-type MLL1 allele. It has been reported that MLL1-AF9 induced leukemogenesis requires co-expression of the wild type MLL1 allele, since genetic deletion of MLL1 in MLL1-AF9 murine leukemia cells reduced clonogenic potential and leukemia progression. Mutations in the MLL1 region are also prevalent in a large range of solid tumors, including for example, colon, lung, bladder, endometrial and breast cancers (Ding et al., Nature 455:1069-1075 (2008); Wood et al., Science 318:1108-1113 (2007); Giu et al., Genetics 43:875- 878 (2011); Kandoth et al., Nature 497:67-73 (2013)).

MLL1 is a promising therapeutic target for MLL-r AML, ALL and other cancers; and there remains a need for selective inhibitors of MLL1 .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides novel compounds that inhibit MLL1 ; and compositions and methods for treating or preventing a disease or condition mediated by MLL1 . In one aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formula (I): or an enantiomer, an enantiomeric mixture, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein:

A is N or CR wherein R is hydrogen or halo;

R ¹ is H; or

R ¹ and R ² together with NH forms a 5-8 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1-2 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring members; wherein said 5-8 membered heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted by an oxo substituent;

R ² is selected from the group consisting of:

(i) -C _1-6 alkyl, -haloC _1-6 alkyl, -hydroxyC _1-6 alkyl, -C _1-6 alkoxyC _1-6 alkyl or -C _3-8 cycloalkoxy(C _1-6 alkyl);

(ii) cyano, -cyanoC _1-6 alkyl, -C _1-6 alkylthioC _1-6 alkyl, -C _2-6 alkenyl, -haloC _2-6 alkenyl,

-C _2-6 alkynyl, -C _1-4 alkyl-S-C _1-4 alkyl, -C _1-4 alkyl SO ₂ C _1-4 alkyl, -S0 ₂ ( _1-4 alkyl) or -C(C _1-4 alkyl)=N-O(Ci- 4 alkyl);

(iii) -C _1-4 alkylcarbonyl, -(CR ^a R ^b ) _p -C(=O)-OR ^10a or -C(=O)-(CR ^a R ^b ) _q R ¹¹ ; wherein R ¹¹ is C3-7 cycloalkyl, 5-6 membered heterocyclyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl, each of which is independently unsubstituted or substituted with -C _1-6 alkyl or -C _1-6 alkoxy; and said 5-6 membered heterocyclyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl independently comprises 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur;

(iv) -(CR ^a R ^b )r-C(=O)-NR ¹² R ¹³ -(CR ^a R ^b ) _s -NR ¹² R ¹³ , -(CR ^a R ^b ) _1-4 -O-(CR ^a R ^b ) _1-4 -OR ^10a or -(CR ^a R ^b ) _1-4 -0-(CR ^a R ^b ) _1-4 -C(=O)-NR ¹² R ¹³ ; wherein R ¹² is hydrogen or -C _1-6 alkyl;

R ¹³ is hydrogen, -C _1-6 alkyl, -C _1-6 alkoxyC _1-6 alkyl, -cyanoC _1-6 alkyl;

-C _1-4 alkylSO ₂ R ^10b wherein R ^10b is C _1-6 alkyl or phenyl; C _3-10 monocylic or bicyclic cycloalkylC _0-6 alkyl, phenyl, 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic ring or 5- 9 membered heteroarylC _0-6 alkyl; said 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic ring or 5-9 membered heteroaryl radical independently comprises 1-4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and said C _3-10 monocylic or bicyclic cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic ring or 5-9 membered heteroaryl radical are independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1-2 -C _1-4 alkyl, -hydroxyC _1-6 alkyl, -C _1-4 alkoxy, halo, hydroxyl, phenyl or -S(C _1-4 alkyl); or R ¹² and R ¹³ together form a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic ring comprising 1-4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and is unsubstituted or substituted with -C _1-4 alkyl, hydroxyl, cyano, -cyanoC _1-6 alkyl, -S0 ₂ or -C _2-4 alkenylcarbonyl;

(v) 5-6 membered heterocyclylCo-6alkyl or 5-6 membered heterocyclyl(haloC _1-4 alkyl) wherein each said heterocyclyl radical is unsubstituted or substituted by oxo; and wherein each said heterocyclyl radical comprises 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and

(vi) phenyl, 5-9 membered heteroarylC _0-6 alkyl or 5-9 membered heteroaryl(haloC _1-4 alkyl), wherein each said phenyl or heteroaryl radical is independently unsubstituted or substituted by -C _1-4 alkyl, -haloC _1-4 alkyl, -hydroxyC _1-4 alkyl, -C _1-4 alkoxy, -haloC _1-4 alkoxy, halo, hydroxy, cyano, oxido, amino, -C _1-4 alkylamino, -C _1-4 dialkylamino, -aminocarbonylC _0-6 alkyl, -C _1-4 alkylaminocarbonylC _0-6 alkyl, -diC _1-4 alkylaminocarbonylC _0-6 alkyl or C _3-7 cycloalkyl; wherein each said heteroaryl radical comprises 1-4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur;

R ^3a , R ^3b , R ^4a , R ^4b , R ^5a , R ^5b , R ^6a and R ^6b are independently hydrogen, halo, cyano, hydroxyl, -C _1-6 alkyl, -haloC _1-6 alkyl, -hydroxyC _1-6 alkyl, -C _1-6 alkoxy, -C _1-6 alkoxyC _1-6 alkyl, aryl, -C(=O)-OR ¹⁴ or -(CR ^a R ^b )s-C(=O)-NR ¹⁵ R ¹⁶ ; or

R ^3a and R ^3b , R ^4a and R ^4b , R ^5a and R ^5b or R ^6a and R ^6b forms an oxo substituent;

R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ are independently hydrogen, halo, -C _1-4 alkyl, -haloC _1-6 alkyl, -hydroxyC _1-6 alkyl, cyano, -cyanoC _1-6 alkyl, -C _2.6 alkenyl, -C _2.6 alkynyl, -C _1-6 alkylthio, -(CR ^a R ^b ) _1-4 -NR ¹⁷ R ¹⁸ , -(CR ^a R ^b ) _1-4 NR ¹⁷ -C(0)-0R ¹⁸ , -(CR ^a R ^b ) _1-4 -OR ¹⁹ , C _3-8 cycloalkyl, phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl comprising 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; wherein said C3-8 cycloalkyl, phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl is independently substituted with 1-2 R ²⁰ ; and provided at least one of R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ is not hydrogen; alternatively, R ⁷ and R ⁸ , R ⁸ and R ⁹ , and R ⁹ together with the phenyl ring to which they are attached form a 9-10 membered benzo-fused carbocycle or benzo-fused heterocycle comprising 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; wherein said benzo- fused carbocycle or benzo-fused heterocycle is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1-2 halo or C _1-4 alkyl;

R ^a , R ^b , R ^10a , R ¹⁴ , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ and R ¹⁷ are independently hydrogen or -C _1-4 alkyl;

R ¹⁸ is hydrogen, -C _1-4 alkyl, -haloC _1-6 alkyl or -C _3-6 cycloalkyl; alternatively, R ¹⁷ and R ¹⁸ together with N in the -NR ¹⁷ R ¹⁸ moiety form a 4-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic ring comprising 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; wherein said 4-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic ring is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-2 halo or C _1-4 alkyl;

R ¹⁹ is hydrogen, -C _1-4 alkyl, -haloC _1-6 alkyl, -C _3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5-6 membered heterocyclyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl; wherein said 5-6 membered heterocyclyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl independently comprises 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur;

R ²⁰ is -C _1-4 alkyl, -halo or -C _3-6 cycloalkyl; or two R ²⁰ together form a 5-6 membered ring comprising 0-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; n is 0 or 1 ; and p, q, r, s and t are independently 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4.

In another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or sub-formulae thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides a combination, in particular a pharmaceutical combination, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or sub- formulae thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and one or more therapeutically active agent(s).

The compounds of the invention, alone or in combination with one or more therapeutically active agent(s), can be used for treating or preventing a disease or condition mediated by MLL1 ; and more particularly wherein the disease or condition is characterized by overexpression or undesired upregulation of MLL1 .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides compositions and methods for treating or preventing a disease or condition mediated by MLL1 .

Definitions

For purposes of interpreting this specification, the following definitions will apply and whenever appropriate, terms used in the singular will also include the plural and vice versa.

As used herein, the term “-C _1-6 alkyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing no unsaturation, having from one to six carbon atoms, and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. The term “C _1-4 alkyl” is to be construed accordingly. Examples of C _1-6 alkyl include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl (/so-propyl), n-butyl, n-pentyl and 1 ,1-dimethylethyl ( t - butyl).

As used herein, the term "-C _2-6 alkenyl" refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical group consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing at least one double bond, having from two to six carbon atoms, which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. The term “C _2-4 alkenyl” is to be construed accordingly. Examples of C _2-6 alkenyl include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, prop-1 -enyl, but-1-enyl, pent-1-enyl, pent-4-enyl and penta-1 ,4-dienyl.

As used herein, the term “-C _2-6 alkynyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical group consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing at least one triple bond, having from two to six carbon atoms, and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. The term “C _2-4 alkynyl” is to be construed accordingly. Examples of C _2-6 alkynyl include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, prop-1 -ynyl, but-1-ynyl, pent-1-ynyl, pent-4-ynyl and penta-1 ,4-diynyl.

As used herein, the term "-C _1-6 alkoxy" refers to a radical of the formula -OR _a where R _a is a C _1-6 alkyl radical as generally defined above. Examples of C _1-6 alkoxy include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, pentoxy, and hexoxy.

As used herein, the term "-C _1-6 alkoxyC _1-6 alkyl " refers to a radical of the formula -R _a -O-R _a where each R _a is independently a C _1-6 alkyl radical as defined above. The oxygen atom may be bonded to any carbon atom in either alkyl radical. Examples of C _1-6 alkoxy C _1-6 alkyl include, but are not limited to, methoxy-methyl, methoxy-ethyl, ethoxy-ethyl, 1 -ethoxy-propyl and 2-methoxy- butyl.

As used herein, the term "-C _1-4 alkylcarbonyl” refers to a radical of the formula -C(=O)-R _a where R _a is a C _1-4 alkyl radical as defined above.

As used herein, the term "-C _1-4 alkylthioC _1-4 alkyl” refers to a radical of the formula -R _a -S-R _a , where each R _a is independently a C _1-4 alkyl radical as defined above.

As used herein, the term "-hydroxyC _1-6 alkyl” refers to a C _1-6 alkyl radical as defined above, wherein one of the hydrogen atoms of the C _1-6 alkyl radical is replaced by OH. Examples of hydroxyC _1-6 alkyl include, but are not limited to, ethan-1-olyl, 2-methylpropan-1-olyl, hydroxy- methyl, 2-hydroxy-ethyl, 2-hydroxy-propyl, 3-hydroxy-propyl and 5-hydroxy-pentyl.

As used herein, the term "-aminocarbonylC _0-6 alkyl" refers to a radical of the formula -R _a -C(=O)-NH ₂ , wherein R _a is a single bond or a C _1-6 alkyl radical as defined above.

As used herein, the term "-C _1-4 alkylaminocarbonylC _0-6 alkyl" refers to a radical of the formula -R _ai -C(=O)-NH-R _a2 , where R _ai is a single bond or a C _1-6 alkyl radical as defined above; and R _a2 is a C _1-6 alkyl radical as defined above.

As used herein, the term "-diC _1-4 alkylaminocarbonylC _0-6 alkyl" refers to a radical of the formula -R _a rC(=O)-N(R _a2 )-R _a2 where R _ai is a single bond or a C _1-6 alkyl radical as defined above; and each R _a2 is a C _1-4 alkyl radical as defined above, and may be the same or different.

As used herein, the term "-C _3-10 monocyclic or bicyclic cycloalkylC _0-6 alkyl" refers to a stable monocyclic or bicyclic saturated hydrocarbon radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, having from three to ten carbon atoms, and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond (i.e. , C _3-8 cycloalkyl) or by a C _1-6 alkyl radical as defined above. The terms "C ₃ - ₇ cycloalkyl" and "C _3-6 cycloalkyl" are to be construed accordingly. Examples include, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclopropyl-methyl, cyclobutyl, cyclobutyl-ethyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentyl- propyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohepty and cyclooctyl.

As used herein, the term "-C _3-8 cycloalkoxyC _1-6 alkyl" refers to a radical of the formula -R _a -0- R _b wherein R _a is independently a C _1-6 alkyl radical as defined above and R _b is a C _3.8 cycloalkyl as defined above. Examples of C _3-8 cycloalkoxyC _1-6 alkyl include but are not limited to cyclopropoxymethyl and cyclobutoxymethyl.

"Halo" refers to bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo.

As used herein, the term "-haloC _1-6 alkyl" refers to a C _1-6 alkyl radical, as defined above, substituted by one or more halo radicals, as defined above. Examples of haloC _1-6 alkyl include, but are not limited to, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl, 1 ,3-dibromopropan-2-yl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl and 1 ,4,4-trifluorobutan-2-yl. The term "haloCi-4alkyl" is to be construed accordingly.

As used herein, the term “-cyanoC _1-6 alkyl” refers to a radical of the formula -R _a -CN, where R _a is a C _1-4 alkyl radical as defined above.

As used herein, the term “-haloC _2-6 alkenyl” refers to a C _2-6 alkenyl radical, as defined above, substituted by one or more halo radicals, as defined above.

As used herein, the term “heterocyclyl” or “heterocyclic” refers to a stable 4-7 membered non-aromatic monocyclic ring radical comprising 1 , 2, or 3, heteroatoms individually selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. The heterocyclyl radical may be bonded via a carbon atom or heteroatom. The term “5-6 membered heterocyclyl” is to be construed accordingly. Examples of heterocyclyl include, but are not limited to, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydrothienyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydropyranyl or morpholinyl or perhydroazepinyl.

As used herein, the term “heterocyclylC _0-6 alkyl” refers to a heterocyclic ring as defined above which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond or by a C _1-6 alkyl radical as defined above.

As used herein, the term "heteroaryl" refers to a 5-9 membered aromatic monocyclic or fused ring radical comprising 1 , 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms individually selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. The heteroaryl radical may be bonded via a carbon atom or heteroatom.

The term “5-6 membered heteroaryl” is to be construed accordingly. Examples of 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryls include, but are not limited to, furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl or pyridyl. Examples of fused heteroaryls include but are not limited to 9- membered heteroaryls such as benzofuranyl; 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl, 1 ,3- dihydroisobenzofuranyl; benzo[d][1 ,3]dioxol-5-yl; imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridinyl; pyrazolo[1 ,5- a]pyridineyl; 1 H-indazolyl and 1 H-benzo[d]-imidazolyl. As used herein, the term "heteroarylC _0-6 alkyl" refers to a heteroaryl ring as defined above which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond or by a C _1-6 alkyl radical as defined above.

As used herein, the term "heteroaryl(haloC _1-4 alkyl)" refers to a heteroaryl ring as defined above which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a haloC _1-4 alkyl as defined above. An illustrative example of an heteroaryl(haloC _1-4 alkyl) is fluoro(pyridin-2-yl)methyl.

As used herein, the term "IC ₅₀ " refers to the molar concentration of an inhibitor or modulator that produces 50% inhibition.

As used herein, the term “protected derivatives" refers to derivatives of inhibitors in which a reactive site or sites are blocked with protecting groups. Protected derivatives are useful in the preparation of inhibitors or in themselves may be active as inhibitors. Examples of protected group includes, but are not limited to, acetyl, tetrahydropyran, methoxymethyl ether, b- methoxyethoxymethyl ether, p-methoxybenzyl, methylthiomethyl ether, pivaloyl, silyl ether, carbobenzyloxy, benzyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, p-methoxyphenyl, 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl, acetals, ketals, acylals, dithianes, methylesters, benzyl esters, tert-butyl esters, and silyl esters. A comprehensive list of suitable protecting groups can be found in T.W. Greene, Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1999.

As used herein, the term “subject” refers to mammals, primates (e.g., humans, male or female), dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs, pigs, rats and mice. In certain embodiments, the subject is a primate. In yet other embodiments, the subject is a human.

As used herein, the term “inhibit”, "inhibition" or “inhibiting” refers to the reduction or suppression of a given condition, symptom, or disorder, or disease, or a significant decrease in the baseline activity of a biological activity or process.

As used herein, the term “treat”, “treating" or "treatment" of any disease or disorder refers to alleviating or ameliorating the disease or disorder (i.e. , slowing or arresting the development of the disease or at least one of the clinical symptoms thereof); or alleviating or ameliorating at least one physical parameter or biomarker associated with the disease or disorder, including those which may not be discernible to the patient.

As used herein, the term “prevent”, “preventing" or “prevention” of any disease or disorder refers to the prophylactic treatment of the disease or disorder; or delaying the onset or progression of the disease or disorder

As used herein, a subject is “in need of a treatment if such subject would benefit biologically, medically or in quality of life from such treatment.

As used herein, the term "a therapeutically effective amount" of a compound of the present invention refers to an amount of the compound of the present invention that will elicit the biological or medical response of a subject, for example, reduction or inhibition of an enzyme or a protein activity, or ameliorate symptoms, alleviate conditions, slow or delay disease progression, or prevent a disease, etc. As used herein, the term “anti-cancer agent” or antineoplastic agent, refers to a therapeutic agent that is useful for treating or controlling the growth of cancerous cells.

As used herein, thet term “anti-inflammatory agent” refers to a therapeutic agent that reduces inflammation (redness, swelling and/or pain) in the body. Anti-inflammatory agents block certain substances in the body that cause inflammation.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, in a form suitable for oral or parenteral administration.

As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" refers to a substance useful in the preparation or use of a pharmaceutical composition and includes, for example, suitable diluents, solvents, dispersion media, surfactants, antioxidants, preservatives, isotonic agents, buffering agents, emulsifiers, absorption delaying agents, salts, drug stabilizers, binders, excipients, disintegration agents, lubricants, wetting agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, dyes, and combinations thereof, as would be known to those skilled in the art (see, for example, Remington The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 22 ^nd Ed. Pharmaceutical Press, 2013, pp. 1049-1070).

As used herein, the term "a,” "an,” "the” and similarterms used in the context of the present invention (especially in the context of the claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and plural unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by the context.

Description of Preferred Embodiments

The present invention provides novel compounds that inhibit MLL1 ; and compositions and methods for treating or preventing a condition mediated by ML1 L.

Various enumerated embodiments of the invention are described herein. Features specified in each embodiment may be combined with other specified features to provide further embodiments of the present invention.

Embodiment 1 . A compound of Formula (I), or an enantiomer, an enantiomeric mixture, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; as described above.

Embodiment 2. A compound according to Embodiment 1 , wherein said compound is a compound of Formula (II) or an enantiomer, an enantiomeric mixture, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein: R ² is selected from the group consisting of:

(i) -hydroxyC _1-6 alkyl, -C _1-6 alkoxyC _1-6 alkyl or -(CR ^a R ^b ) _p -C(=O)-OR ^10a ;

(ii) -(CR ^a R ^b )r-C(=O)-NR ¹² R ¹³ or -(CR ^a R ^b ) _1-4 -0-(CR ^a R ^b ) _1-4 -C(=O)-NR ¹² R ¹³ ; wherein R ¹² is hydrogen or -C _1-6 alkyl;

R ¹³ is hydrogen, -C _1-6 alkyl, -cyanoC _1-6 alkyl; -C _1-4 alkylSO ₂ R ^10b wherein R ^10b is -C _1-6 alkyl or phenyl; C3-10 monocylic or bicyclic cycloalkylC _0-6 alkyl, phenyl, 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic ring or 5-9 membered heteroarylC _0-6 alkyl; wherein said 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic ring or 5-9 membered heteroaryl radical independently comprises 1-4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and said C _3-10 monocylic or bicyclic cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic ring or 5-9 membered heteroaryl radical are independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1-2 -C _1-4 alkyl, -hydroxyC _1-6 alkyl, -C _1-4 alkoxy, halo, hydroxyl, phenyl or -S(C _1-4 alkyl); or

R ¹² and R ¹³ together form a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic ring comprising 1-4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and is unsubstituted or substituted with -C _1-4 alkyl, hydroxyl, cyano, -cyanoC _1-6 alkyl, -SO ₂ or -C _2-4 alkenylcarbonyl; and

(iii) phenyl or 5-9 membered heteroarylC _0-6 alkyl; wherein said heteroaryl radical is unsubstituted or substituted by -C _1-4 alkyl, -haloC _1-4 alkyl, amino, -C _1-4 alkylamino or -C _1-4 dialkylamino; and said heteroaryl radical comprises 1-4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur;

R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ are independently hydrogen, halo, -C _1-4 alkyl, -haloC _1-6 alkyl, -hydroxyC _1-6 alkyl, cyano, -cyanoC _1-6 alkyl, -C _2-6 alkenyl, -C _2-6 alkynyl, -C _1-6 alkylthio, -(CR ^a R ^b ) _1-4 -NR ¹⁷ R ¹⁸ , -(CR ^a R ^b ) _1-4 NR ¹⁷ -C(0)-0R ¹⁸ , -(CR ^a R ^b ) _1-4 -OR ¹⁹ , -C _3-8 cycloalkyl, phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl comprising 1-4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and wherein said C _3.8 cycloalkyl, phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl is independently substituted with 1-2 R ²⁰ ; and provided at least one of R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ is not hydrogen; alternatively, R ⁷ and R ⁸ , R ⁸ and R ⁹ , R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ together with the phenyl ring to which they are attached form a 9-10 membered benzo-fused carbocycle or benzo-fused heterocycle comprising 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; wherein said benzo- fused carbocycle or benzo-fused heterocycle is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1-2 halo or -C _1-4 alkyl;

R ^a , R ^b , R ^10a and R ¹⁷ are independently hydrogen or -C _1-4 alkyl;

R ¹⁸ is hydrogen, -C _1-4 alkyl, -haloC _1-6 alkyl or -C _3-6 cycloalkyl; alternatively, R ¹⁷ and R ¹⁸ together with N in the -NR ¹⁷ R ¹⁸ moiety form a 4-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic ring comprising 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; wherein said heterocyclic ring is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-2 halo or -C _1-4 alkyl; R ¹⁹ is hydrogen, -C _1-4 alkyl, -haloC _1-6 alkyl, -C _3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5-6 membered heterocyclyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl; wherein said 5-6 membered heterocyclyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl independently comprises 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; R ²⁰ is -C _1-4 alkyl, halo or -C _3-6 cycloalkyl; or two R ²⁰ together form a 5-6 membered ring comprising 0-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; n is 0 or 1 ; and p, q, r, s and t are independently 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4.

Embodiment 3. A compound according to Embodiment 1 or 2, wherein said compound is a compound of Formula (III): or an enantiomer, an enantiomeric mixture, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Embodiment 4. A compound according to Embodiment 3, wherein said compound is a compound of Formula (IV): or an enantiomer, an enantiomeric mixture, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Embodiment 5. A compound according to any one of Embodiments 1 -4, or an enantiomer, an enantiomeric mixture, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein R ² is Embodiment 6. A compound according to any one of Embodiments 1 -4, or an enantiomer, an enantiomeric mixture, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein R ² is,

Embodiment 7. A compound according to any one of Embodiments 1 -4, or an enantiomer, an enantiomeric mixture, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein R ² is

Embodiment 8. A compound according to any one of Embodiments 1 -4, or an enantiomer, an enantiomeric mixture, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein R ² is

1 H-tetrazolyl, 2H-tetrazoly, pyridyl, trifluoromethylpyridyl or phenyl.

Embodiment 9. A compound according to any one of Embodiments 1 -4, or an enantiomer, an enantiomeric mixture, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein said compound is a compound of Formula (V):

Embodiment 10. A compound according to any one of the above Embodiments or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein at least two of R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ are not hydrogen. Embodiment 11 . A compound according to Embodiment 10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ are independently hydrogen, halo, -C _1-4 alkyl, -haloC _1-6 alkyl, -hydroxyC _1-6 alkyl, -C _2-6 alkenyl, -C _3-8 cycloalkyl, -(CR ^a R ^b ) _1-4 -NR ¹⁷ R ¹⁸ , or - (CR ^a R ^b ) _1-4 -OR ¹⁹ ; provided at least two of R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ are not hydrogen;

R ^a , R ^b and R ¹⁷ are independently hydrogen or -C _1-4 alkyl; R ¹⁸ is hydrogen, -C _1-4 alkyl, -haloC _1-6 alkyl or -C _3-6 cycloalkyl; alternatively, R ¹⁷ and R ¹⁸ together with N in the -NR ¹⁷ R ¹⁸ moiety form a 4-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic ring comprising 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; wherein said heterocyclic ring is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-2 halo or -C _1-4 alkyl; and

R ¹⁹ is hydrogen, -C _1-4 alkyl, -haloC _1-6 alkyl, -C _3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, 5-6 membered heterocyclyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl; wherein said 5-6 membered heterocyclyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl independently comprises 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.

Embodiment 12. The compound according to Embodiment 1 , wherein said compound is selected from the group consisting of:

3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-bromo-5-ch lorophenyl)-N- cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide;

3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-3-e thylphenyl)-N- cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide;

3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3-( trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N- cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide; and

3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-bromo-4-(t rifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N-(2- cyanoethyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Embodiment 13. The compound according to any one of Embodiments 1-12, wherein said compound is in the (R) configuration, (S) configuration, or a mixture thereof.

Embodiment 14. A compound according to Embodiment 1 , wherein said compound is a compound from Table 2; or an enantiomer, an enantiomeric mixture, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Embodiment 15. The compound according to Embodiment 1 , wherein said compound is (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-bromo-5-c hlorophenyl)-N- cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide.

Embodiment 16. The compound according to Embodiment 1 , wherein said compound is (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-3- ethylphenyl)-N- cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide.

Embodiment 17. The compound according to Embodiment 1 , wherein said compound is (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N- cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide.

Embodiment 18. The compound according to Embodiment 1 , wherein said compound is (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-bromo-4-( trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N-(2- cyanoethyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide.

Embodiment 19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to any one of Embodiments 1-18 and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Embodiment 20. A combination comprising a compound according to any one of Embodiments 1-18 and one or more additional therapeutically active agent.

Embodiment 21 . The combination according to Embodiment 20, wherein said one or more additional therapeutically active agent is an anti-cancer agent, an analgesic, an anti- inflammatory agent, or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 22. A compound according to any one of Embodiments 1-18 and optionally in combination with a second therapeutic agent, for use in treating a disease or condition mediated by mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1).

Embodiment 23. The compound according to Embodiment 22, wherein said second therapeutic agent is an anti-cancer agent, an analgesic, an anti-inflammatory agent or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 24. Use of a compound according to any one of Embodiments 1-18 and optionally in combination with a second therapeutic agent, in the manufacture of a medicament for a disease or condition mediated by MLL1 .

Embodiment 25. A method for treating a disease or condition mediated by mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1), comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to any one of Embodiments 1-18 and optionally in combination with a second therapeutic agent; thereby treating said disease or condition mediated by MLL1 .

Embodiment 26. A method for treating a disease or condition that benefit from or is treatable by inhibition of mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1), comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to any one of Embodiments 1-18 and optionally in combination with a second therapeutic agent; thereby treating said disease or condition that benefit from or is treatable by inhibition by MLL1 .

Embodiment 27. The use according to Embodiment 24, or the method according to Embodiment 25 or 26, wherein said disease or condition mediated by MLL1 , or said disease or condition that benefit from or is treatable by inhibition of MLL1 , is breast cancer, cervical cancer, skin cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, head and neck cancer, peripheral nerve sheath tumor, osteosarcoma, myeloma, neuroblastoma, leukemia, lymphoma, or pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Embodiment 28. The use according to Embodiment 27, or the method according to Embodiment 27, wherein said disease or condition mediated by MLL1 , or said disease or condition that benefit from or is treatable by inhibition of MLL1 , is leukemia.

Embodiment 29. The use according to Embodiment 28, or the method according to Embodiment 28, wherein said leukemia is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML).

Embodiment 30. The use according to Embodiment 27, or the method according to Embodiment 27, wherein said disease or condition mediated by MLL1 , or said disease or condition that benefit from or is treatable by inhibition of MLL1 , is breast cancer. Embodiment 31 . The use according to Embodiment 27, or the method according to Embodiment 27, wherein said disease or condition mediated by MLL1 , or said disease or condition that benefit from or is treatable by inhibition of MLL1 , is lung cancer.

Embodiment 32. The use according to Embodiment 31 , or the method according to Embodiment 31 , wherein said lung cancer is small cell or non-small cell lung cancer.

Embodiment 33. The use according to Embodiment 27, or the method according to Embodiment 27, wherein said disease or condition mediated by MLL1 , or said disease or condition that benefit from or is treatable by inhibition of MLL1 , is skin cancer.

Embodiment 34. The use according to Embodiment 33, or the method according to Embodiment 33, wherein said skin cancer is melanoma, basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma.

Embodiment 35. The use according to Embodiment 27, or the method according to Embodiment 27, wherein said disease or condition mediated by MLL1 , or said disease or condition that benefit from or is treatable by inhibition of MLL1 , is lymphoma.

Embodiment 36. The use according to Embodiment 35, or the method according to Embodiment 35, wherein said lymphoma is Hodgkin’s lymphoma or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Embodiment 37. The use according to Embodiment 35, or the method according to Embodiment 35, wherein said lymphoma is mantle cell lymphoma or diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Embodiment 38. The use according to Embodiment 27, or the method according to Embodiment 27, wherein said disease or condition mediated by MLL1 , or said disease or condition that benefit from or is treatable by inhibition of MLL1 , is multiple myeloma.

Embodiment 39. A method according to any one of Embodiment 25-38, wherein said compound is administered orally.

Unless specified otherwise, the term “compounds of the present invention” or “compound of the present invention” refers to compounds of Formula (I) subformulae thereof, and exemplified compounds, and salts thereof, as well as all stereoisomers (including diastereoisomers and enantiomers), rotamers, tautomers and isotopically labeled compounds (including deuterium substitutions), as well as inherently formed moieties.

Depending on the choice of the starting materials and procedures, the compounds can be present in the form of one of the possible stereoisomers or as mixtures thereof, for example as pure optical isomers, or as stereoisomer mixtures, such as racemates and diastereoisomer mixtures, depending on the number of asymmetric carbon atoms. The present invention is meant to include all such possible stereoisomers, including racemic mixtures, diasteriomeric mixtures and optically pure forms. Optically active ( R )- and (S)- stereoisomers may be prepared using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved using conventional techniques.

Substituents at atoms with unsaturated double bonds may, if possible, be present in cis- ( Z )- or trans- ( E )- form. If the compound contains a disubstituted cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl substituent may have a cis- or trans-configuration.

Any asymmetric atom (e.g., carbon orthe like) of the compound(s) of the present invention can be present in racemic or enantiomerically enriched, for example the ( R )-, (S)- or (R,S)- configuration. In certain embodiments, each asymmetric atom has at least 50 % enantiomeric excess, at least 60 % enantiomeric excess, at least 70 % enantiomeric excess, at least 80 % enantiomeric excess, at least 90 % enantiomeric excess, at least 95 % enantiomeric excess, or at least 99 % enantiomeric excess in the ( R )- or (S)- configuration.

Accordingly, as used herein a compound of the present invention can be in the form of one of the possible stereoisomers, rotamers, atropisomers, tautomers or mixtures thereof, for example, as substantially pure geometric ( cis or trans) stereoisomers, diastereomers, optical isomers (antipodes), racemates or mixtures thereof.

Any resulting mixtures of stereoisomers can be separated on the basis of the physicochemical differences of the constituents, into the pure or substantially pure geometric or optical isomers, diastereomers, racemates, for example, by chromatography and/or fractional crystallization.

Any resulting racemates of compounds of the present invention or of intermediates can be resolved into the optical antipodes by known methods, e.g., by separation of the diastereomeric salts thereof, obtained with an optically active acid or base, and liberating the optically active acidic or basic compound. In particular, a basic moiety may thus be employed to resolve the compounds of the present invention into their optical antipodes, e.g., by fractional crystallization of a salt formed with an optically active acid, e.g., tartaric acid, dibenzoyl tartaric acid, diacetyl tartaric acid, di-O,O'-p-toluoyi tartaric acid, mandelic acid, malic acid or camphor-10-sulfonic acid. Racemic compounds of the present invention or racemic intermediates can also be resolved by chiral chromatography, e.g., high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a chiral adsorbent.

Any formula given herein is also intended to represent unlabeled forms as well as isotopically labeled forms of the compounds. Isotopically labeled compounds have structures depicted by the formulas given herein except that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having a selected atomic mass or mass number. Isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the invention include, for example, isotopes of hydrogen.

Further, incorporation of certain isotopes, particularly deuterium (i.e. , ² H or D) may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements or an improvement in therapeutic index or tolerability. It is understood that deuterium in this context is regarded as a substituent of a compound of Formula (I) or sub-formulae thereof. The concentration of deuterium, may be defined by the isotopic enrichment factor. The term "isotopic enrichment factor" as used herein means the ratio between the isotopic abundance and the natural abundance of a specified isotope. If a substituent in a compound of this invention is denoted as being deuterium, such compound has an isotopic enrichment factor for each designated deuterium atom of at least 3500 (52.5% deuterium incorporation at each designated deuterium atom), at least 4000 (60% deuterium incorporation), at least 4500 (67.5% deuterium incorporation), at least 5000 (75% deuterium incorporation), at least 5500 (82.5% deuterium incorporation), at least 6000 (90% deuterium incorporation), at least 6333.3 (95% deuterium incorporation), at least 6466.7 (97% deuterium incorporation), at least 6600 (99% deuterium incorporation), or at least 6633.3 (99.5% deuterium incorporation). It should be understood that the term “isotopic enrichment factor” can be applied to any isotope in the same manner as described for deuterium.

Other examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine, and chlorine, such as ³ H, ¹¹ C, ¹³ C, ¹⁴ C, ¹⁵ N, ¹⁸ F ³¹ P, ³² P, ³⁵ S, ³⁶ CI, ¹²³ l, ¹²⁴ l, ¹²⁵ l respectively. Accordingly it should be understood that the invention includes compounds that incorporate one or more of any of the aforementioned isotopes, including for example, radioactive isotopes, such as ³ H and ¹⁴ C, or those into which non-radioactive isotopes, such as ² H and ¹³ C are present. Such isotopically labelled compounds are useful in metabolic studies (with ¹⁴ C), reaction kinetic studies (with, for example ² H or ³ H), detection or imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) including drug or substrate tissue distribution assays, or in radioactive treatment of patients. In particular, an ¹⁸ F or labeled compound may be particularly desirable for PET or SPECT studies. Isotopically- labeled compounds of Formula (I) or sub-formulae thereof can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the accompanying examples using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagents in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed.

The compounds of the present invention are either obtained in the free form, as a salt thereof. As used herein, the terms “salt” or “salts” refers to an acid addition or base addition salt of a compound of the invention. “Salts” include in particular “pharmaceutical acceptable salts”. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to salts that retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the compounds of this invention and, which typically are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. In many cases, the compounds of the present invention are capable of forming acid and/or base salts by virtue of the presence of amino and/or carboxyl groups or groups similar thereto.

Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts can be formed with inorganic acids and organic acids. Inorganic acids from which salts can be derived include, for example, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like. Organic acids from which salts can be derived include, for example, acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, and the like. Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts can be formed with inorganic and organic bases. Inorganic bases from which salts can be derived include, for example, ammonium salts and metals from columns I to XII of the periodic table. In certain embodiments, the salts are derived from sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, silver, zinc, and copper; particularly suitable salts include ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium salts. Organic bases from which salts can be derived include, for example, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines, basic ion exchange resins, and the like. Certain organic amines include isopropylamine, benzathine, cholinate, diethanolamine, diethylamine, lysine, meglumine, piperazine and tromethamine.

In another aspect, the present invention provides compounds of the present invention in acetate, ascorbate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bromide/hydrobromide, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulfate/sulfate, camphorsulfonate, caprate, chloride/hydrochloride, chlorotheophyllinate, citrate, ethanedisulfonate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, glutamate, glutarate, glycolate, hippurate, hydroiodide/iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurylsulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, mesylate, methylsulphate, mucate, naphthoate, napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, octadecanoate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate/hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate, polygalacturonate, propionate, sebacate, stearate, succinate, sulfosalicylate, sulfate, tartrate, tosylate trifenatate, trifluoroacetate orxinafoate salt form.

Processes for Making Compounds of the Invention

All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order, unless otherwise indicated or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

Compounds of Formula (I) can be prepared from the correpsonding benzaldehye intermediate (INT-2A) as generally illustrated in Scheme 1 and in the Examples. The invention further includes any variant of the present processes; for example, wherein an intermediate product obtainable at any stage thereof is used as starting material and the remaining steps are carried out; wherein starting materials are formed in situ under the reaction conditions; or wherein the reaction components are used in the form of their salts or optically pure material. Compounds of the invention and intermediates can also be converted into each other according to methods generally known to those skilled in the art.

Pharmacology and Utility

In one aspect, the invention provides compounds of Formula (I) or subformulae thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, that are useful for therapy; particularly, for treating or preventing a disease or condition that is mediated by MLL1.

In another aspect, the invention provides the use of a compound of Formula (I) or subformulae thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treating a disease or condition that benefit from or is treatable by inhibition of MLL1 ; and for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease or condition that is treatable by inhibition of MLL1 .

Examples of diseases or conditions that are mediated by MLL,1 or that benefit from or are treatable by inhibition of MLL1 , include but is not limited to breast cancer, cervical cancer, skin cancer (particularly skin squamous cell carcinoma), ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, head and neck cancer, peripheral nerve sheath tumor, osteosarcoma, multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, leukemia (particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (particularly mantle cell lymphoma), and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pharmaceutical Compositions, Dosage and Administration

In another aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

In a further embodiment, the composition comprises at least two pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, such as those described herein. The pharmaceutical composition can be formulated for particular routes of administration such as oral administration, parenteral administration (e.g. by injection, infusion, transdermal or topical administration), and rectal administration. Topical administration may also pertain to inhalation or intranasal application. The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can be made up in a solid form (including, without limitation, capsules, tablets, pills, granules, powders or suppositories), or in a liquid form (including, without limitation, solutions, suspensions or emulsions). Tablets may be either film coated or enteric coated according to methods known in the art. Typically, the pharmaceutical compositions are tablets or gelatin capsules comprising the active ingredient together with one or more of: a) diluents, e.g., lactose, dextrose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, cellulose and/or glycine; b) lubricants, e.g., silica, talcum, stearic acid, its magnesium or calcium salt and/or polyethyleneglycol; for tablets also c) binders, e.g., magnesium aluminum silicate, starch paste, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone; if desired d) disintegrants, e.g., starches, agar, alginic acid or its sodium salt, or effervescent mixtures; and e) absorbents, colorants, flavors and sweeteners.

In another aspect, the compounds of the present invention are combined with other therapeutic agents, such as other anti-cancer agents, anti-allergic agents, anti-nausea agents (or anti-emetics), pain relievers, cyto protective agents, and combinations thereof.

In one embodiment, the other therapeutic agent is an anti-cancer agent or chemo- therapeutic agent. Examples of anit-cancer agents considered for use in combination therapies of the invention include but are not limited erlotinib, bortezomib, fulvestrant, sunitib imatinib mesylate, letrozole, finasunate, platins such as oxaliplatin, carboplatin, and cisplatin, finasunate, fluorouracil, rapamycin, leucovorin, lapatinib, lonafamib, sorafenib, gefitinib.capmtothecin, topotecan, bryostatin, adezelesin, anthracyclin, carzelesin, bizelesin, dolastatin, auristatins, duocarmycin, eleutherobin, taxols such as paclitaxel or docetaxel, cyclophasphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone or prednisolone, other alkylating agents such as mechlorethamine, chlorambucil, and ifosfamide, antimetabolites such as azathioprine or mercaptopurine, other microtubule inhibitors (vinca alkaloids like vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine and vindesine, as well as taxanes), podophyllotoxins (etoposide, teniposide, etoposide phosphate, and epipodophyllotoxins), topoisomerase inhibitors, other cytotoxi ns such as actinomycin, daunorubicin, valrubicin, idarubicin, edrecolomab, epirubicin, bleomycin, plicamycin, mitomycin, as well as other anticancer antibodies (cetuximab, bevacizumab, ibritumomab, abagovomab, adecatumumab, afutuzumab, alacizumab, alemtuzumab, anatumomab, apolizumab, bavituximab, belimumab, bivatuzumab mertansine, blinatumomab, brentuximab vedotin, cantuzumab mertansine, catumazomab, cetuximab, citatuzumab bogatox, cixutumumab, clivatuzumab tetraxetan, conatumumab, dacetuzumab, daclizumab, detumomab, ecromeximab, edrecolomab, elotuzumab, epratuzumab, ertumaxomab, etaracizumab, farletuzumab, figitumumab, fresolimumab, galiximab, gembatumumab vedotin, gemtuzumab, ibritumomab tiuxetan, inotuzumab ozogamicin, intetumumab, ipilimumab, iratumumab, labetuzumab, lexatumumab, lintuzumab, lucatumumab, lumilisimab, mapatumumab, matuzumab, milatuzumab, mitumomab, nacolomab tafenatox, naptumomab estafenatox, necitumumab, nimotuzumab, ofatumumab, olaratumab, oportuzumab monatox, oregovomab, panitumumab, pemtumomab, pertuzumab, pintumomab, pritumumab, ramucirumab, rilotumumab, robatumumab, rituximab, sibrotuzumab, tacatuzumab tetraxetan, taplitumomab paptox, tenatumomab, ticilimumab, tigatuzumab, tositumomab or ¹³¹ l-tositumomab, trastuzumab, tremelimumab, tuocotuzumab celmoleukin, veltuzumab, visilizumab, volocixumab, votumumab, zalutumumab, zanolimumab, IGN-101 , MDX-010.ABX-EGR, EMD72000, ior-t1 , MDX-220, MRA, H-11 scFv, huJ591 , TriGem, TriAb, R3, MT-201 , G-250, ACA-125, Onyvax- 105, CD:-960,Cea-Vac, BrevaRex AR54, IMC-1C11 , GlioMab-H, ING-1 , anti-LCG MAbs, MT- 103, KSB-303, Therex, KW2871 , anti-HMI.24, Anti-PTHrP, 2C4 antibody, SGN-30, TRAIL-RI MAb, Prostate Cancer antibody, H22xKi-r, ABX-Mai, Imuteran, Monopharm-C), and antibody- drug conjugates comprising any of the above agents (especially auristatins MMAE and MMAF, maytansinoids like DM-1 , calicheamycins, or various cytotoxins).

In another embodiment, the compounds of the invention are combined with another therapeutic agent selected from anastrozole (ARIMIDEX®), bicalutamide (CASODEX®), bleomycin sulfate (BLENOXANE®), busulfan (MYLERAN®), busulfan injection (BUSULFEX®), capecitabine (XELODA®), N4-pentoxycarbonyl-5-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine, carboplatin (PARAPLATIN®), carmustine (BiCNU®), chlorambucil (LEUKERAN®), cisplatin (PLATINOL®), cladribine (LEUSTATIN®), cyclophosphamide (CYTOXAN® or NEOSAR®), cytarabine, cytosine arabinoside (CYTOSAR-U®), cytarabine liposome injection (DEPOCYT®), dacarbazine (DTIC-Dome®), dactinomycin (actinomycin D, COSMEGAN®), daunorubicin hydrochloride (CERUBIDINE®), daunorubicin citrate liposome injection (DAUNOXOME®), dexamethasone, docetaxel (TAXOTERE®), doxorubicin hydrochloride (ADRIAMYCIN®, RUBEX®), etoposide (VEPESID®), fludarabine phosphate (FLUDARA®), 5-fluorouracil (ADRUCIL®, EFUDEX®), flutamide (EULEXIN®), tezacitibine, gemcitabine (diflu orodeoxycitidine), hydroxyurea (HYDREA®), idarubicin (IDAMYCIN®), ifosfamide (IFEX®), irinotecan (CAMPTOSAR®), L-asparaginase (ELSPAR®), leucovorin calcium, melphalan (ALKERAN®), 6-mercaptopurine (PURINETHOL®), methotrexate (FOLEX®), mitoxantrone (NOVANTRONE®), gemtuzumab ozogamicin (MYLOTARG™), paclitaxel (TAXOL®), nab- paclitaxel (ABRAXANE ^® ), phoenix (Yttrium90/MX-DTPA), pentostatin, polifeprosan 20 with carmustine implant (GLIADEL®), tamoxifen citrate (NOLVADEX®), teniposide (VUMON®), 6- thioguanine, thiotepa, tirapazamine (TIRAZONE®), topotecan hydrochloride for injection (HYCAMPTIN®), vinblastine (VELBAN®), vincristine (ONCOVIN®), and vinorelbine (NAVELBINE®).

In another embodiment, the compounds of the present invention are combined with another therapeutic agent capable of inhibiting BRAF, MEK, CDK4/6, SHP-2, HDAC, EGFR, MET, mTOR, PI3K or AKT, or a combination thereof. In a particular embodiment, the compounds of the present invention are combined with another therapeutic agent selected from vemurafinib, debrafinib, LGX818, trametinib, MEK162, LEE011 , PD-0332991 , panobinostat, verinostat, romidepsin, cetuximab, gefitinib, erlotinib, lapatinib, panitumumab, vandetanib, INC280, everolimus, simolimus, BMK120, BYL719 or CLR457, or a combination thereof. In another embodiment, the therapeutic agent for use with the compounds of the present invention is selected based on the disease or condition that is being treated. For example, in the treatment of melanoma, the other therapeutic agent may be selected from aldesleukin (e.g., PROLEUKIN®), dabrafenib (e.g., TAFINLAR®), dacarbazine, recombinant interferon alfa-2b (e.g., INTRON® A), ipilimumab, trametinib (e.g., MEKINIST®), peginterferon alfa-2b (e.g., PEGINTRON®, SYLATRON™), vemurafenib (e.g., ZELBORAF®)), and ipilimumab (e.g., YERVOY®).

For the treatment of ovarian cancer, the other therapeutic agent may be selected from doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin®), carboplatin (PARAPLATIN®), cyclophosphamide (CYTOXAN®, NEOSAR®), cisplatin (PLATINOL®, PLATINOL-AQ®), doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome (DOXIL®, DOX-SL®, EVACET®, LIPODOX®), gemcitabine hydrochloride (GEMZAR®), topotecan hydrochloride (HYCAMTIN®), and paclitaxel (TAXOL®).

For the treatment of thyroid cancer, the other therapeutic agent may be selected from doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin®), cabozantinib-S-malate (COMETRIQ®), and vandetanib (CAPRELSA®).

For the treatment of colon cancer, the other therapeutic may be selected from fluorouracil (e.g., ADRUCIL®, EFUDEX®, FLUOROPLEX®), bevacizumab (AVASTIN®), irinotecan hydrochloride (CAMPTOSTAR®), capecitabine (XELODA®), cetuximab (ERBITUX®), oxaliplatin (ELOXATIN®), leucovorin calcium (WELLCOVORIN®), regorafenib (STIVARGA®), panitumumab (VECTIBIX®), and ziv-aflibercept (ZALTRAP®).

For the treatment of lung cancer, the other therapeutic may be selected from methotrexate, methotrexate LPF (e.g., FOLEX®, FOLEX PFS®, Abitrexate®, MEXATE®, MEXATE-AQ®), paclitaxel (TAXOL®), paclitaxel albumin-stabilized nanoparticle formulation (ABRAXANE®), afatinib dimaleate (GILOTRIF®), pemetrexed disodium (ALIMTA®), bevacizumab (AVASTIN®), carboplatin (PARAPLATIN®), cisplatin (PLATINOL®, PLATINOL-AQ®), crizotinib (XALKORI®), erlotinib hydrochloride (TARCEVA®), gefitinib (IRESSA®) and gemcitabine hydrochloride (GEMZAR®).

For the treatment of pancreatic cancer, the other therapeutic agent may be selected from fluorouracil (ADRUCIL®), EFUDEX®, FLUOROPLEX®), erlotinib hydrochloride (TARCEVA®), gemcitabine hydrochloride (GEMZAR®), and mitomycin or mitomycin C (MITOZYTREXTM, MUTAMYCIN®).

For the treatment of cervical cancer, the other therapeutic agent may be selected from bleomycin (BLENOXANE®), cisplatin (PLATINOL®, PLATINOL-AQ®) and topotecan hydrochloride (HYCAMTIN®).

For the treatment of head and neck cancer, the other therapeutic agent may be selected from methotrexate, methotrexate LPF (e.g., FOLEX®, FOLEX PFS®, Abitrexate®, MEXATE®, MEXATE-AQ®), fluorouracil (ADRUCIL®, EFUDEX®, FLUOROPLEX®), bleomycin (BLENOXANE®), cetuximab (ERBITUX®), cisplatin (PLATINOL®, PLATINOL-AQ®) and docetaxel (TAXOTERE®).

For the treatment of leukemia, including chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), the other therapeutic agent can be selected from bosutinib (BOSULIF®), cyclophosphamide (CYTOXAN®, NEOSAR®), cytarabine (CYTOSAR-U®, TARABINE PFS®), dasatinib (SPRYCEL®), imatinib mesylate (GLEEVEC®), ponatinib (ICLUSIG®), nilotinib (TASIGNA®) and omacetaxine mepesuccinate (SYNRIBO®).

In another aspect, the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one compound of the present invention (e.g., a compound of Formula (I) or a sub- formulae theref) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier suitable for administration to a human or animal subject, either alone or together with other anti-cancer agents.

In combination therapies, compositions will either be formulated together as a combination therapeutic, or as separate compositions. The compound of the invention and the other therapeutic agent may be manufactured and/or formulated by the same or different manufacturers. The structure of therapeutic agents identified by code numbers, generic or trade names may be taken from the actual edition of the standard compendium “The Merck Index” or from databases, e.g. Patents International (e.g. IMS World Publications). The other therapeutic agents, which can be used in combination with a compound of the present invention, can be prepared and administered as described in the art, such as in the documents cited above.

Optionally, the pharmaceutical composition may comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, as described above. The pharmaceutical composition or combination of the present invention can be in unit dosage of about 0.5-1000 mg of active ingredient(s) for a subject of about 50-70 kg.

In another aspect, the present invention provides methods of treating human or animal subjects suffering from a cellular proliferative disease, such as cancer, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, either alone or in combination with other anti-cancer agents. In combination therapy, the compound of the present invention and other anti-cancer agent(s) may be administered either simultaneously, concurrently or sequentially with no specific time limits, wherein such administration provides therapeutically effective levels of the two compounds in the body of the patient. Moreover, the compound of the invention and the other therapeutic may be brought together into a combination therapy: (i) prior to release of the combination product to physicians (e.g. in the case of a kit comprising the compound of the invention and the other therapeutic agent); (ii) by the physician themselves (or under the guidance of the physician) shortly before administration; (iii) in the patient themselves, e.g. during sequential administration of the compound of the invention and the other therapeutic agent.

In one embodiment, the compound of the present invention and the other anti-cancer agent(s) is generally administered sequentially in any order by infusion or orally. The dosing regimen may vary depending upon the stage of the disease, physical fitness of the patient, safety profiles of the individual drugs, and tolerance of the individual drugs, as well as other criteria well-known to the attending physician and medical practitioner(s) administering the combination. The compound of the present invention and other anti-cancer agent(s) may be administered within minutes of each other, hours, days, or even weeks apart depending upon the particular cycle being used for treatment. In addition, the cycle could include administration of one drug more often than the other during the treatment cycle and at different doses per administration of the drug.

In yet another aspect, compounds of the present invention may be combined with other anti- cancer agents, anti-allergic agents, anti-nausea agents (or anti-emetics), pain relievers, cytoprotective agents, and combinations thereof.

In some instances, patients may experience allergic reactions to the compounds of the present invention and/or other anti-cancer agent(s) during or after administration. Therefore, anti-allergic agents may be administered to minimize the risk of an allergic reaction. Suitable anti-allergic agents include corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone (e.g., DECADRON®), beclomethasone (e.g., E3ECLOVENT®), hydrocortisone (also known as cortisone, hydrocortisone sodium succinate, hydrocortisone sodium phosphate; e.g., ALA-CORT®, hydrocortisone phosphate, Solu-CORTEF®, HYDROCORT Acetate® and LANACORT®), prednisolone (e.g., DELTA-Cortel®, ORAPRED®, PEDIAPRED® and PRELONE®), prednisone (e.g., DELTASONE®, LIQUID RED®, METICORTEN® and ORASONE®), methylprednisolone (also known as 6-methylprednisolone, methylprednisolone acetate, methylprednisolone sodium succinate; e.g., DURALONE®, MEDRALONE®, MEDROL®, M-PREDNISOL® and SOLU- MEDROL®); antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (e.g., BENADRYL®), hydroxyzine, and cyproheptadine; and bronchodilators, such as the beta-adrenergic receptor agonists, albuterol (e.g., PROVENTIL®), and terbutaline (BRETHINE®).

In other instances, patients may experience nausea during and after administration of the compound of the present invention and/or other anti-cancer agent(s). Therefore, anti-emetics may be administered in preventing nausea (upper stomach) and vomiting. Suitable anti-emetics include aprepitant (EMEND®), ondansetron (ZOFRAN®), granisetron HCI (KYTRIL®), lorazepam (ATIVAN® dexamethasone (DECADRON®), prochlorperazine (COMPAZINE®), casopitant (REZONIC® and Zunrisa®), and combinations thereof.

In yet other instances, medication to alleviate the pain experienced during the treatment period is prescribed to make the patient more comfortable. Common over-the-counter analgesics, such TYLENOL®, are often used. Opioid analgesic drugs such as hydrocodone/paracetamol or hydrocodone/acetaminophen (e.g., VICODIN®), morphine (e.g., ASTRAMORPH® or AVINZA®), oxycodone (e.g., OXYCONTIN® or PERCOCET®), oxymorphone hydrochloride (OPANA®), and fentanyl (e.g., DURAGESIC®) are also useful for moderate or severe pain.

Furthermore, cyto protective agents (such as neuroprotectants, free-radical scavengers, cardioprotectors, anthracycline extravasation neutralizers, nutrients and the like) may be used as an adjunct therapy to protect normal cells from treatment toxicity and to limit organ toxicities. Suitable cytoprotective agents include amifostine (ETHYOL®), glutamine, dimesna (TAVOCEPT®), mesna (MESNEX®), dexrazoxane (ZINECARD® or TOTECT®), xaliproden (XAPRILA®), and leucovorin (also known as calcium leucovorin, citrovorum factor and folinic acid).

In yet another aspect, a compound of the present invention may be used in combination with known therapeutic processes, for example, with the administration of hormones or in radiation therapy. In certain instances, a compound of the present invention may be used as a radiosensitizer, especially for the treatment of tumors which exhibit poor sensitivity to radiotherapy.

In yet another aspect, the present invention provides kits comprising one or more compounds of the present invention and another therapeutic agent as described above. Representative kits include (a) compound of Formula (I) or sub-formulae thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and (b) at least one other therapeutic agent e.g., as indicated above; whereby such kit may further comprise a package insert or other labeling including directions for administration. The kits of the invention may be used for administering different dosage forms, for example, oral and parenteral; for administering two or more separate pharmaceutical compositions at different dosage intervals; or for titrating the separate compositions against one another; wherein at least one pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound a Formula (I) or sub-formulae thereof.

EXAMPLES

Temperatures are given in degrees Celsius. The structure of final products, intermediates and starting materials is confirmed by standard analytical methods, e.g., microanalysis and spectroscopic characteristics, e.g., MS, IR, NMR. Abbreviations used are those conventional in the art.

All starting materials, building blocks, reagents, acids, bases, dehydrating agents, solvents, and catalysts utilized to synthesis the compounds of the present invention are either commercially available or can be produced by organic synthesis methods known to one of ordinary skill in the art (Houben-Weyl 4th Ed. 1952, Methods of Organic Synthesis, Thieme, Volume 21). Unless otherwise specified, starting materials are generally available from commercial sources.

The Examples herein merely illuminate the invention and does not limit the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. Further, the compounds of the present invention can be produced by organic synthesis methods known to one of ordinary skill in the art as shown in the following examples. Where desired, conventional protecting groups are used to protect reactive functional groups in accordance with standard practice, for example, see T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts in “Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis”, John Wiley and Sons, 1991.

Abbreviations

Abbreviations as used herein, are defined as follows: “1x” for once, “2x” for twice, “3x” for thrice, “°C” for degrees Celsius, “aq” for aqueous, “FCC” for flash column chromatography, “eq” for equivalent or equivalents, “g” for gram or grams, “mg” for milligram or milligrams, “L” for liter or liters, “mL” for milliliter or milliliters, “mL” for microliter or microliters, “N” for normal, “M” for molar, “nM” for nanomolar, “mol” for mole or moles, “mmol” for millimole or millimoles, “min” for minute or minutes, “h” or “hrs” for hour or hours, “RT” for room temperature, “ON” for overnight, “atm” for atmosphere, “psi” for pounds per square inch, “cone.” for concentrate, “sat” or “sat’d” for saturated, “MW’ for molecular weight, “mw” or “mwave” for microwave, “mp” for melting point, “Wt” for weight, “MS” or “Mass Spec” for mass spectrometry, “ESI” for electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, “HR” for high resolution, “HRMS” for high resolution mass spectrometry, “LCMS” or “LC-MS” for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, “HPLC” for high pressure liquid chromatography, “RP HPLC” for reverse phase HPLC, “TLC” or “tic” for thin layer chromatography, “NMR” for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, “nOe” for nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, “ ¹ H” for proton, “d” for delta, “s” for singlet, “d” for doublet, “t” for triplet, “q” for quartet, “m” for multiplet, “br” for broad, “Hz” for hertz, “ee” for “enantiomeric excess” and “a”, “b”, “R”, “r”, “S”, “s”, “E”, and “Z” are stereochemical designations familiar to one skilled in the art.

The following abbreviations used herein below have the corresponding meanings:

D heat

AcOH acetic acid

B ₂ pin ₂ bis(pinacolato)diboron

BINAP (2,2’-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1 ,1’bihaphthyl

Boc tert-butyloxycarbonyl

BOC ₂ 0 di-tert butyl dicarbonate

BSA bovine serum albumin

CDCI ₃ DASchloroform-d

CD ₃ OD methanol-d ₄ dd doublet of doublets

DCE 1 ,2-dichloroethane

DCM dichloromethane

DEA diethanolamine

DEAD Diethyl azodicarboxylate DIEA N,N-diisopropyl ethylamine

DIPEA N,N-diisopropylethylamine

DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine

DMF dimethylformamide

DMP Dess-Martin periodinane

DMSO dimethylsulfoxide

EA ethyl alcohol

Et ₃ N triethylamine

EtOAc ethyl acetate

EtOH ethanol

EtSH ethanethiol

FBS fetal bovine serum

HATU Hexafluorophosphate Azabenzotriazole Tetramethyl Uranium) lr[dF(CF ₃ )ppy] ₂ (dtbbpy)PF ₆ [4,4'bis(tert-butyl)-2,2'-bipyridine]bis[3,5-difluoro-2-[5-

(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]phenyl]iridium(lll) hexafluorophosphate iPrOH isopropyl alcohol

ISCO in situ chemical oxidation

LDA lithium diisopropylamide

MeCN acetonitrile

MeOH methanol

MgSO ₄ magnesium sulfate

MHz megahertz min minutes m/z mass to charge ratio

NaBH(OAc) ₃ sodium triacetoxyborohydride

NBS N-bromosuccinimide

NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone

PBU ₃ tributylphosphine

Pd(dppf)CI ₂ [1 ,1 ’-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (II) Pd(dppf)CI ₂ DCM [1 ,1 ’-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (II), complex with dichloromethane

Pd ₂ dba ₃ tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0)

Pd[P(t-Bu) ₃ ] ₂ bis(tri-tert-butylphosphine)palladium (0)

PE petroleum ether

TMSIppm parts per million rac racemic

SFC Supercritical fluid chromatography

TBAF tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride t-BuOH tert-butyl alcohol

TEA triethylamine

TFA trifluoroacetic acid

THF tetrahydrofuran

TMSCF ₃ trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane

TMSI trimethylsilyl iodide

UV ultraviolet

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed using an Agilent 1260 HPLC System (Santa Clara, CA). The analytical column was reversed phase Phenomenex Kinetex C18-2.6 mm, 4.6 x 50 mm. A gradient elution was used (flow rate 2.0 mL/min), starting with 5% methanol/ 95% water and progressing to 95% methanol/ 5% water over a period of 10 minutes. All solvents contained 0.1 % formic acid (FA). Compounds were detected by ultraviolet light (UV) absorption at 214, 254 and 300 nm. HPLC solvents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).

Mass spectrometric analysis was performed on an Agilent System (Agilent 1260 HPLC and an Agilent 6130 mass spectrometer detector; Column: Phenomenex Kinetex 2.6 urn C18, column size 4.6 x 50 mm; column temperature 40°C; gradient: 5 95% methanol in water with 0.1% FA over a 2 min period; flow rate 2.0 mL/min (or Polar gradient 5-50% over 2.0 min, or Non-Polar gradient 50-95% over 2.0 min); Mass Spectrometer molecular weight scan range 100 1000; or 100-1500; capillary voltage 4000 V. All masses were reported as those of the protonated parent ions, unless otherwise indicated.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis was performed using a E3ruker 400 MHz NMR. The spectral reference was either TMS or the known chemical shift of the solvent.

Chiral Preparative HPLC Methods Employed in Purification of Examples

SFC chiral screening was carried out on a Thar Insturments Investigator system. The Thar Investigator system consists of:

• ALIAS autosampler

• Thar Fluid Delivery Module (0 to 10mL/min)

• Thar SFC 10 position column oven

• Waters 2998 PDA

• Thar Automated Back Pressure Regulator

All of the Thar components are part of the SuperPure Discovery Series line. The system flowed at 3.0 mL/min and kept at 38 °C. The system back pressure was set to 100 bar. Each sample was screened through a battery of ten 5 pm columns:

• 5mm 4.6x150mm ChiralPak AD

• 5mm 4.6x150mm ChiralCel OD

• 5mm 4.6x150mm ChiralCel OJ

• 5mm 4.6x150mm ChiralPak AS • 5mm 4.6x250mm ChiralPak AY

• 5mm 4.6x250mm ChiralCel OZ

• 5mm 4.6x150mm ChiralPak IC

• 5mm 4.6x150mm ChiralPak IG

• 5mm 4.6x250mm Regis Whelk-01

• 5mm 4.6x250mm ChromegaChiral CC4

The system ran a gradient from 5% co-solvent to 50% co-solvent in 9 minutes followed by a 10 minutes hold at 50% co-solvent, a switch back to 5% co-solvent and a 0.5 minute hold at initial condition. In between each gradient there was a 4 minute equilibration method that flows 5% co-solvent through the next column to be screened. The typical solvents screened were, MeOH, EtOH, IPA, MeOH+0.5%NH ₃ , EtOH+0.5%NH ₃ , IPA+0.1%NH ₃ . Once separation was detected using one of the gradient methods, an isocratic method can be developed, and if necessary, scaled up for separation on the Thar Prep 80 system.

Intermediates

Intermediate 1 : Methyl (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate

To a solution of methyl 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)acrylate (430 g, 2.14 mol) and N- benzyl-1-methoxy-N-((trimethylsilyl)methyl)methanamine (533 g, 2.2 mol) in DCM (5.5 L) was added trifluoroacetic acid (24.4 g, 214 mmol) slowly at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 30 °C for 18 hrs. The mixture was quenched with aq.NaHCO ₃ (5 L). The crude product was extracted with DCM (2.5 L). The organic layer was washed with brine (3.0 L), dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO ₂ , PE/EtOAc = 10/1 to 0/1) to afford methyl 1-benzyl-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate as a yellow solid (INT-1A). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) d 7.35-7.31 (m, 4H), 7.27-7.23 (m, 1 H), 5.12 (s, 1 H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.67-3.61 (m, 2H), 2.95-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.82 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 2.67-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.94 (m, 1 H), 1.43 (s, 9H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 335.1 , 336.1. Separation by preparational chiral HPLC using ChiralPak AD, 300x50 mm I.D., 10mm column gave methyl (R)-1-benzyl-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate.

To a solution of methyl (R)-1-benzyl-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3- carboxylate (141 g, 421.6 mmol) in MeOH (1.4 L) was added Pd/C (25 g, 10% purity, 50% purity of water) under N ₂ . The mixture was purged with H ₂ and was stirred at 30 °C for 20 hrs under H ₂ (50 psi). The mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and the filtrate was concentrated to afford methyl (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate as yellow gum. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.38 (s, 1 H), 3.09-2.96 (m, 3H), 2.27-2.17 (m, 1 H), 2.07-2.02 (m, 1 H), 1.43 (s, 9H).

General Procedure A for making Benzaldehyde Intermediates

Intermediate 2A: 2-bromo-6-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde To a THF solution (45 mL) of 2-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (7.0 g, 28.8 mmol) was added 2 M LDA solution (21 .6 mL, 43.2 mmol) at -78 °C dropwise under N ₂ . The reaction mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 min, followed by addition of DMF (3.35 mL, 43.2 mmol) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hr at -78 °C. The reaction mixture was then quenched with 0.5 N HCI solution at 0 °C and warm up to rt. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum, and diluted with EA. The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (0% to 30% EA in Hex) to give 2- bromo-6-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (lnt-2a) as an off-white solid. ¹ H NMR (400

MHZ, CDCI ₃ ): d 10.42 (s, 1 H), 7.92 (dd, J = 8.93, 5.26 Hz, 1 H), 7.33 - 7.25 (m, 1 H).

Intermediate 2: methyl 1-(3-bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(( tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate

To a DMSO solution (12 mL) of 2-bromo-6-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (INT-2a)

(2 g, 7.5 mmol) and methyl 1-benzyl-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxy late (INT-1 A) (1 .5 g, 5.8 mmol) was added K ₂ CO ₃ (1 .2 g, 8.7 mmol) at rt. The reaction tube was sealed and submerged to the pre-heated oil bath (90 °C). After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was diluted with EA, washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. The crude product was redissolved in MeOH (40 mL) and treated with NaBH ₄ (440 mg, 11 .62 mmol) in portions at 0 °C. 25 min later, the ice bath was removed. 1 .5 hrs later, the solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue was diluted with EA, washed with 0.5 N HCI, water, and brine. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. Purification by flash chromatography (10% to 50% EA in Hex) gave methyl 1-(3-bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrro lidine-3-carboxylate as an off-white solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, MeOH-d ₄ ): d 7.54 (d, J = 8.80 Hz, 1 H), 6.97 (d, J = 8.93 Hz, 1 H), 4.87 (s, 2 H), 4.16 - 4.27 (m, 2H), 4.06 (br d, J = 10.39 Hz, 1 H), 3.62 (br d , J = 9.90 Hz, 2H), 3.49 (br dd, J = 15.34, 7.89 Hz, 1 H), 2.41 - 2.54 (m, 1 H), 2.24 - 2.34 (m, 1 H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.27 (brt, J = 7.03 Hz, 3H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 510.7. Intermediate 3: methyl (R)-1-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate

To a solution of methyl (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (INT-1) (55 g, 225.1 mmol) in CH ₃ CN (440 mL) was added 2-bromo-4-chloro-6-fluorobenzaldehyde (Apollo Scientific) (56.1 g, 236.3 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (58.2 g, 450.3 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 18 hours. The mixture was recovered to r.t., water (1 .5 L) was added in and the crude product was extracted with EtOAc (1 .5 L x 2), washed with brine (1.5 L), dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated under vacuum to afford methyl (R)-1-(3- bromo-5-chloro-2-formylphenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino )pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (INT- 3a) (229 g, crude). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 463.1 , 462.1 .

To a solution of methyl (R)-1-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-formylphenyl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (INT-3a) (271.6 g, crude) in THF (1.5 L) was added a solution of NaBH ₄ (38.7 g, 1 mol) in H ₂ O (400 mL) at 0-10 °C. After addition the reaction mixture was stirred at 10-15 °C for 1 hr. The mixture was poured into aq. NH ₄ CI (1 L) and H ₂ O (1 L). The crude product was extracted with EtOAc (2 L x 2). The organic layer was washed with brine (2 L), dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by medium pressure liquid chromatography (25% EtOAc in PE) to afford methyl (R)-1-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert-bu toxycarbonyl)amino) pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate as a yellow solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d = 7.26 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.99 (s, 1 H), 5.20 (s, 1 H), 4.90-4.79 (m, 2H), 3.83 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.52 - 3.41 (m, 2H), 3.40 - 3.34 (m, 1 H), 2.58-2.55 (m, 1 H), 2.31-2.18 (m, 1 H), 1.45 (s, 9H). ). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 464.9, 462.9.

Intermediate 4: tert-butyl N-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-N-(9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate To a solution of 9H-purin-6-amine (200 g, 1.48 mol) and DMAP (18.1 g, 148 mmol) in THF (2.5 L) was added Boc ₂ O (1292 g, 5.92 mol) slowly at 10-15°C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 18 hrs then the mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The crude intermediate (880 g, crude) as brown oil was dissolved in MeOH (2.8 L) at 5-10 °C. NaHCO ₃ (saturated, 800 mL) was added in. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 4 hrs. The reaction mixture was diluted with H ₂ O (1 L) and concentrated to remove MeOH. The reaction was diluted with H ₂ O (1 L) and a white solid formed. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with methyl tert- butyl ether (800 mL x 2) to tert-butyl N-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-N-(9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate as a white solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO -d ₆ ) d = 8.79 (s, 1 H), 8.61 (s, 1 H), 1.36 (s, 18H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 336.2.

Intermediate 5: methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)m ethyl)-3- bromo-5-chlorophenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolid ine-3-carboxylate

A mixture of methyl (R)-1-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (INT-3) (190 g, 410 mmol), tert-butyl N-[(tert- butoxy)carbonyl]-N-(9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (INT-4) (165 g, 492 mmol) and di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (378 g, 1 .64 mol) in THF (1 L) was added tributylphosphane (332 g, 1 .64 mol) under 0-5 °C under N ₂ . The reaction mixture was stirred at 30 °C for 21 hrs then another portion of tributylphosphane (83 g, 410 mmol) was added in at 10-15 °C. The mixture was stirred at 30 °C for another 1 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by medium pressure liquid chromatography (25% EtOAc in PE) to afford methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)m ethyl)-3-bromo-5- chlorophenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-ca rboxylate as yellow oil ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d 8.86 (s, 1 H), 8.23 (s, 1 H), 7.42 (d, J = 1 .6 Hz, 1 H), 7.30 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1 H), 5.80-5.67 (m, 2H), 3.86 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.41-3.35 (m, 2H), 3.26-3.16 (m, 1 H), 2.47-2.35 (m, 1 H), 2.21-2.09 (m, 1 H), 1.49-1.34 (m, 27H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 782.2, 781.2.

Intermediate 6: tert-butyl (R)-(1-(3-bromo-2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin- 9- yl)methyl)-5-chlorophenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidi n-3-yl) carbamate

To a solution of methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)m ethyl)-3- bromo-5-chlorophenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolid ine-3-carboxylate (INT-5) (130 g, 166.4 mmol) in a mixture of THF (650 mL) and MeOH (650 mL) was added aq. LiOH (332.8 mL, 2.5 M, 832 mmol) at 5 °C. The mixture was stirred at 15 °C for 4 hrs. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The pH of the residue was adjusted to 3-4 using 2 M HCI. The crude product was extracted with EtOAc (1 .5 L x 2), washed with brine (1 L), dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated to afford (R)-1-(3-bromo-2-((6-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chlorophenyl)- 3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid (INT-6a). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d 8.60 (s, 1 H), 7.96 (s, 1 H), 7.41 (s, 1 H), 7.24 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.63 (s, 2H), 3.79 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 3.35 (s, 1 H), 3.29-3.21 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.31 (m, 1 H), 2.18-2.15 (m, 1 H), 1.61-1.56 (m, 9H),

1 .46 (s, 9H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 668.1 , 666.1 .

To a solution of (R)-1-(3-bromo-2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9 -yl)methyl)-5- chlorophenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-ca rboxylic acid (INT-6a) (80 g, 0.12 mol) and cyclopropanamine (10 g, 0.18 mol) in DMF (800 mL) was added HATU (91 g, 0.24 mol) and N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (47 g, 0.36 mol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 hours. The mixture was diluted with brine (2 L). The crude product was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 1 .5 L). The organic layer was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (PE/EtOAc = 20/1 to 0/1) to afford tert-butyl (R)-(1-(3-bromo-2-((6-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chlorophenyl)- 3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl) pyrrolidin-3-yl) carbamate as yellow solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI ₃ ) d 8.72 (s, 1 H), 7.94 (s,

2H), 7.78 (s, 1 H), 7.35 (s, 1 H), 7.18 (s, 1 H), 5.81-5.45 (m, 2H), 3.71-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.21 (m, 1 H), 3.17-3.10 (m, 1 H), 2.91-2.86 (m, 1 H), 2.63-2.54 (m, 1 H), 2.37-3.25 (m, 1 H), 1.50 (s, 9H), 1.36 (s, 9H), 0.68-0.60 (m, 2H), 0.52-0.35 (m, 2H) LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 707.2.

Intermediate 7: tert-butyl (R)-(1-(2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)met hyl)-5- chloro-3-ethylphenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-y l) carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl (R)-(1-(3-bromo-2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin- 9- yl)methyl)-5-chlorophenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidi n-3-yl)carbamate (INT-6) (65 g,

92.1 mmol) and potassium vinyltrifluoroborate (24.7 g, 184.1 mmol) in dioxane/H ₂ O (650 mL, 10/1) were added K ₂ CO ₃ (38.2 g, 276.2 mmol) and Pd(dppf)CI ₂ DCM (7.5 g, 9.2 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 4 hours. The mixture was diluted with water (2.0 L). The crude product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 1.5 L). The organic layer was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluted with PE/EtOAc = 20/1 to 0/1 to afford tert-butyl (R)-(1-(2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)met hyl)-5-chloro- 3-vinylphenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carba mate as yellow solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d 8.26 (s, 1 H), 7.70 (s, 1 H), 7.63-7.57 (m, 1 H), 7.53-7.46 (m, 1 H), 7.28 (s,

1 H), 7.25-7.20 (m, 1 H), 7.05-6.88 (m, 1 H), 5.79-5.50 (m, 3H), 5.31-5.16 (m, 1 H), 3.91-3.75 (m,

1 H), 3.26-3.09 (m, 3H), 2.64-2.53 (m, 1 H), 2.45-2.31 (m, 1 H), 2.14-2.04 (m, 1 H), 1.37 (s, 9H), 0.79-0.60 (m, 2H), 0.54-0.40 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 653.4.

A solution of tert-butyl (R)-(1-(2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)met hyl)-5- chloro-3-vinylphenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-y l)carbamate (16 g, purity: 91.2%) in THF (240 mL) was hydrogenated with Pd/C (3.2 g, 10% purity). The mixture was purged by H ₂ and the mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 24 hours under H ₂ (15 PSI). The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to afford tert-butyl (R)-(1 -(2-((6-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-3-ethyl phenyl)-3- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate as yellow solid. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 655.4.

Intermediate 8: 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1 ,3,2-dioxaborolane

To a solution of 5-bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (10 g, 50.2 mmol) dissolved in dioxane (100 mL) was added bis(pinacolato)diboron (14 g, 55.27 mmol), potassium acetate (7.1 g, 110.5 mmol) and Pd(dppf)CI ₂ DCM (4.1 g, 5 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 16 hours. The mixture was diluted with water (200 mL) and was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 200 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluted with PE to afford 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)- 4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1 ,3,2-dioxaborolane. ¹ HNMR: (400 MHz CDCI ₃ ) d 7.67 (s, 1 H), 7.62 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.80 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.58 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.20 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 1 .34 (s, 12H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 247.3.

Intermediate 9: methyl (R)-1-(3-bromo-2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9 - yl)methyl)-5-chlorophenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyr rolidine-3-carboxylate

Intermediate methyl 1 -(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl )-3-bromo- 5-chlorophenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3- carboxylate ( rac INT-5) (5 g, 6.4 mmol) was purified by SFC using ChiralPak AD, 300x50 mm I.D., 10mm column, (0.1% NH ₃ H ₂ O in isopropanol, flow rate: 60 mL/min, . Rt = 2.516 min, ee: 99%, the second eluent) to methyl (R)-1-(3-bromo-2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9 -yl)methyl)-5-chlorophenyl)-3- ((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate as a white solid.

Intermediate 10: tert-butyl (R)-(1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-3-(2,3- dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)phenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrro lidin-3-yl)carbamate

To a mixture of 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1 ,3,2-dioxaborolane (INT-

8) (300 mg, 1.22 mmol), methyl (R)-1-(3-bromo-2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9 - yl)methyl)-5-chlorophenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyr rolidine-3-carboxylate (INT-9) (623 mg, 0.9 mmol) and K ₂ CO ₃ (253 mg, 1.8 mmol) in dioxane/H ₂ O (7 mL) were added in Pd(dppf)CI ₂ DCM (100 mg, 0.12 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 16 hours. The mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 30 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluted with PE/EA = 10/1 to 0/1 to afford the crude, which was further purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150*25*10 pm, gradient 30~50%B (A = water (0.05% HCI), B = acetonitrile, flow rate: 28 mL/min) to afford methyl (R)-1- (2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-3-(2,3-dihydrobe nzofuran-5-yl)phenyl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate. (400 MHz CDCI ₃ ) d 8.78 (s, 1 H), 7.43 (s, 1 H), 7.18 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.03 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.93 (d, J= 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 6.91 (s, 1 H), 6.76 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.60-5.50 (m, 2H), 4.59-4.56 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.73 (m, 3H), 3.40-3.34 (m, 1 H), 3.30- 3.25 (m, 2H), 3.17-3.12 (m, 3H), 2.55-2.47 (m, 1 H), 1.95-1.92 (m, 1 H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.25 (s, 18H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 620.5.

To a solution of methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-3-(2,3- dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)phenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino )pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate in THF (0.7 mL) and MeOH (0.9 mL) and H ₂ O (0.7 mL) was added in LiOH H ₂ O (101 mg, 2.40 mmol,

10 eq.). The mixture was stirred at 15 °C for 2 hours. The mixture was dissolved in water (20 mL) and was adjust to pH = 4 with 1 M HCI. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 30 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated under vacuum to afford (R)- 1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-3-(2,3-dihydro benzofuran-5-yl)phenyl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 606.4.

To a solution of (R)-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-3-(2,3-dih ydrobenzofuran- 5-yl)phenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-car boxylic acid (110 mg, 0.18 mmol) and cyclopropylamine (16 mg, 0.27 mmol) dissolved in DMF (1 .1 mL) were added in DIPEA (70 mg, 0.54 mmol) and HATU (138 mg, 0.36 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 15 °C for 1 hour. The mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) then was extracted with EtOAc (3 ^c 20 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine (3 x 20 mL), dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated under vacuum to afford tert-butyl (R)-(1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-3-(2,3- dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)phenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrro lidin-3-yl)carbamate as a yellow solid. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 645.4.

Intermediate 11 : tert-butyl (9-(2-bromo-6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol- 3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamat e

To a solution of 1-(3-bromo-2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl) methyl)-5- chlorophenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-ca rboxylic acid ( rac INT-6a) (200 mg, 0.3 mmol, 1 eq.) dissolved in DMF (10 mL) was added in HATU (171 mg, 0.45 mmol, 1.5 eq.), NH ₄ CI (80.2 mg, 1 .5 mmol, 5 eq.) and DIPEA (232.5 mg, 1 .8 mmol, 6.0 eq.). The mixture was stirred for 30 mins at 26 °C. The mixture was diluted with H ₂ O then was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL x 3), dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ and evaporated in vacuo to afford tert-butyl (1-(3-bromo-2-((6- ((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chlorop henyl)-3-carbamoylpyrrolidin-3- yl)carbamate as a yellow oil which was used directly. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 667.3.

Tert-butyl (1-(3-bromo-2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl )methyl)-5- chlorophenyl)-3-carbamoylpyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate (150 mg, 0.23 mmol, 1 eq.) was mixed in DMF-DMA (2 mL). The mixture was stirred for 10 mins at 90 °C. The mixture was evaporated in vacuo to afford tert-butyl (E)-(1-(3-bromo-2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin- 9- yl)methyl)-5-chlorophenyl)-3-(((dimethylamino)methylene)carb amoyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate as a yellow oil. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 722.0.

To a solution of tert-butyl (E)-(1-(3-bromo-2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin- 9- yl)methyl)-5-chlorophenyl)-3-(((dimethylamino)methylene)carb amoyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate (100 mg, 0.14 mmol, 1 eq.) in HOAc (1 mL) was added hydrazine hydrate (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 30 mins at 70 °C. The mixture was directly evaporated to give tert-butyl (9-(2- bromo-6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-chlorobenzyl)- 9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate as yellow solid. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 691 .0.

Intermediate 12: tert-butyl (1-(3-bromo-2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9- yl)methyl)-5-chlorophenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl) carbamate

To a solution of 1-(3-bromo-2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl) methyl)-5- chlorophenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-ca rboxylic acid ( rac INT-6a) (300 mg,

0.45 mmol, 1 eq) and Et ₃ N (91 mg, 0.9 mmol, 2 eq) dissolved in THF (10 mL) were added in dropwisely ethyl carbonochloridate (58.6 mg, 0.54 mmol, 1 .2 eq) over 10 minutes at 0 °C. After 10 min, the mixture was filtered off. The filtration was cooled to 0 °C. A solution of NaBH ₄ (25.5 mg, 0.67 mmol, 1 .5 eq) in 2 mL of water was added dropwisely over 30 min at 0 °C. The mixture was allowed to stir for 2 hours. The mixture was diluted with NH ₄ CI (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (10 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered off and concentrated to afford tert-butyl (1-(3-bromo-2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9- yl)methyl)-5-chlorophenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl) carbamate as a colorless solid. LC- MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 653.8. Intermediate 13: tert-butyl (1-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3- (methoxymethyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate To a solution 1-benzyl 3-methyl 3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-1 ,3-dicarboxylate (1 g, 2.74 mmol, 1 eq) and N-methylmorpholine (555.2 mg, 5.5 mmol, 2 eq) dissolved in THF (20 mL) was added in a solution of Ethyl chloroformate (312.7 mg, 2.88 mmol, 1 eq) in THF (2 mL) dropwisely at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred for 10 min at 0 °C. The suspension was filtered. The filtrate was added in a solution of NaBH ₄ (207.0 mg, 5.5 mmol, 2 eq) suspended in water (1 mL) slowly at 0 °C. The reaction was quenched with water (10 mL) after 0.5 hr. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatograph eluting with 30% EtOAc in petroleum ether to afford benzyl 3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3- (hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1 -carboxylate as white solid. 1 H NMR (400MHz CDCI ₃ ): d 7.43-7.29 (m, 5H), 5.14 (s, 2H), 4.90-4.75 (m, 1 H), 3.85-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.60-3.50 (m, 4H), 2.26-1.96 (m, 2H), 1 .70-1 .59 (m, 1 H), 1 .44 (s, 9 H).

To a solution containing benzyl 3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine- 1-carboxylate (490 mg, 1.4 mmol, 1 eq.) and Mel (198 mg, 1.4 mmol, 1 eq.) in DMF (30 mL) was added in NaH (60 % in material oil, 112 mg, 2.8 mmol, 2 eq.) in portion. The mixture was stirred at 27-33 °C for 3 hours. The mixture was treated with water (50 mL) and was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash column (20% EtOAc in PE) to afford benzyl 3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate as a colorless gum. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI ₃ ) d 7.27-7.40 (m, 5H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 4.73 (br s, 1 H), 3.58-3.68 (m, 1 H), 3.42-3.57 (m, 5H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 2.17-2.44 (m, 1 H), 1.89-2.07 (m, 1 H), 1.42 (s, 9H).

To a solution of benzyl 3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine- 1- carboxylate (156 mg, 0.428 mmol) dissolved in MeOH (50 mL) was added in a suspension of Pd/C (wet, 10% Pd, 100 mg) suspended in MeOH (20 mL) under N ₂ . The mixture was purged with H ₂ and was stirred at 27-34 °C for 18 hours under H ₂ (50 psi. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give tert-butyl (3-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidin-3- yl)carbamate as a yellow oil. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI ₃ ) d 4.95 (br s, 1 H), 3.42 (s, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.17 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.23 (br s, 1 H), 1 .95-2.04 (m, 1 H), 1 .78-1 .85 (m, 1 H), 1.42 (s, 9H).

To a solution of tert-butyl (3-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate (96 mg, 0.417 mmol,

1 eq.) and 2-bromo-4-chloro-6-fluorobenzaldehyde (Apollo Scientific) (99 mg, 0.42 mmol, 1 eq.) dissolved in CH ₃ CN (10 mL) wa added in K ₂ CO ₃ (116 mg, 0.83 mmol, 2 eq.). The reaction mixture was heated and stirred at 70 °C for 18 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in CH ₂ CI ₂ (20 mL), filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give tert-butyl (1-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-formylphenyl)- 3-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate as a yellow gum which was used for next step directly. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 449.0. To a solution of tert-butyl (1-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-formylphenyl)-3-(methoxymethyl)pyrrol idin- 3-yl)carbamate (190 mg, crude, 0.42 mmol, 1 eq.) in THF (10 mL) was added slowly in a solution of NaBH ₄ (48 mg, 1 .2 mmol, 3 eq.) suspended in H ₂ O (1 mL) under ice-water bath. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0-5 °C for 0.5 hours. The mixture was treated with aq. NH ₄ CI (10 mL) and was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash column (20% EtOAc in PE) to afford tert-butyl (1-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3-(methoxymeth yl)pyrrolidin-3- yl)carbamate as colorless gum. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 450.9.

Intermediate 14: methyl (R)-1-(5-bromo-4-fluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofu ran- 7-yl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylat e

At -40°C, to a solution of 2,5-difluorophenol (2.5 g, 19.2 mmol) and isopropylamine (3.3 mL, 38.4 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added NBS (7.2 g, 40 mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed up to r.t. and stirred for 2hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with ether, washed with 1 N HCI aq. solution and brine, dried, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-30% EtOAc in hexanes) to afford 2,4-dibromo-3,6- difluorophenol (INT-14a) as light brown oil. LC-MS: [M-2/M] = 284.7/286.7.

A mixture of 2,4-dibromo-3,6-difluorophenol (1 g, 3.47 mmol), 1 ,2-dibromoethane (0.6 mL, 7 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.96 g, 7 mmol) in MeCN (10 mL) was stirred at 80°C for 3hr. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 100% hexanes) to afford 1 ,3-dibromo-4-(2-bromoethoxy)-2,5- difluoro benzene (INT-14b) as colorless oil. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO -d ₆ ) d 7.95 (dd, J = 10.5, 6.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.51 - 4.40 (m, 2H), 3.85 - 3.75 (m, 2H).

At -78°C, to a solution of 1 ,3-dibromo-4-(2-bromoethoxy)-2,5-difluorobenzene (580 mg,

1 .469 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added n-butyllithium (2N, 0.88 mL, 1 .8 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at -78°C for 2hr. The reaction mixture was warmed up to r.t. and quenched with sat. NH ₄ CI aq. solution and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 100% hexanes) to afford 5-bromo-4,7-difluoro-2,3- dihydrobenzofuran (INT-14c) as colorless oil. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) d 7.58 - 7.48 (m,

1 H), 4.75 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H).

At -78°C, to a solution of 5-bromo-4,7-difluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (100 mg, 0.4 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added LDA (0.25 mL, 0.5 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at -78°C for 1 hr, followed by the addition of DMF (0.05 mL, 0.6 mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed up to r.t. and stirred for 30min. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat. NH4CI aq. solution and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-10% EtOAc in hexanes) to afford 5-bromo-4,7-difluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-carbaldehyde (INT-14d) as white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) d 10.14 (d, J = 0.9 Hz, 1 H), 4.81 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.49 - 3.41 (m, 2H).

A mixture of 5-bromo-4,7-difluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-carbaldehyde (600 mg, 2.281 mmol), (R)-methyl 3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (724 mg, 3 mmol) and potassium carbonate (631 mg, 4.56 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) was stirred at 110°C overnight. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-30% EtOAc in hexanes) to afford methyl (R)-1-(5-bromo-4-fluoro- 6-formyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl )amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (INT-14e) as bright yellow solid. LC-MS: [M/M+2] ⁺ = 486.8/488.8.

At O ^o C, a mixture of methyl (R)-1-(5-bromo-4-fluoro-6-formyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl) -3- ((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (400 mg, 0.8 mmol) and sodium borohydride (31 mg, 0.8 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was stirred for 30min. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat. NaHC03 aq. solution and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried, filtered and concentrated to give methyl (R)-1-(5-bromo-4-fluoro-6- (hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-3-((tert-butoxyc arbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3- carboxylate. LC-MS: [M/M+2] ⁺ = 488.9/490.9.

Intermediate 15: methyl 1-(3-bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxyphenyl)-3-((tert-butox ycar bonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate

A mixture of 6-bromo-2-fluoro-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (Apollo Scientific) (300 mg, 1.3 mmol), methyl 3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (377 mg, 1.5 mmol) and potassium carbonate (356 mg, 2.6 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was stirred at 85 °C overnight. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-50% EtOAc in hexanes) to afford methyl 1-(3-bromo-2-formyl-6-methoxyphenyl)-3- ((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino) pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate as a bright yellow oil. LC-MS: [M/M+2] ⁺ = 456.9/458.9.

A mixture of methyl 1-(3-bromo-2-formyl-6-methoxyphenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl )amino) pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (210 mg, 0.5 mmol) and sodium borohydride (25 mg, 0.66 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was stirred at 0°C for 30min. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat. NaHC03 aq. solution and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried, filtered and concentrated. LC-MS: [M/M+2] ⁺ = 458.9.460.9.

The following intermediates were prepared from tert-butyl N-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-N-(9H- purin-6-yl)carbamate (INT-4) and the corresponding starting material, following procedures analogous to Intermediate 5.

Intermediate 19: tert-butyl ((3R)-1-(2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)me thyl)- 5-chloro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)-3-(cyclop ropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3- yl)carbamate

To a solution containing Pd(dppf)Cl ₂ .DCM (0.46 g, 0.56 mmol), tert-butyl (R)-(1-(3-bromo-2- ((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chl orophenyl)-3- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate (INT-6) (4 g, 5.6 mmol) in toluene (20 ml) and EtOH (20 ml.) was added in Et ₃ N ( 1 .1 g, 11 .3 mmol) under N ₂ atmosphere. The mixture was heated to 55 °C at 50 psi under CO atmosphere for 36 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column (PE/EtOAc/MeOH = 15/15/1) to afford methyl (R)-3-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-

(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-((6-((tert-butox ycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl) methyl)- 5-chlorobenzoate as a yellow solid. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 699.3.

To a solution of methyl (R)-3-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-((6-((tert-butoxyca rbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl) methyl)- 5-chlorobenzoate (2.6 g, 3.7 mmol) dissolved in MeOH (50 mL) was added in NaBH ₄ (5.6 g, 148.7 mmol) in portion at 20 °C. The mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 5 h. The mixture was diluted with water (150 mL) and was extracted with EtOAc (150 mL x 2). The organic layers were concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column (PE/EtOAc/MeOH = 15/15/1) to afford tert-butyl (R)-(1-(2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)met hyl)-5-chloro-3- (hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3- yl)carbamate as a yellow solid. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 657.3.

To a solution of tert-butyl (R)-(1-(2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)met hyl)-5- chloro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrr olidin-3-yl)carbamate (1 g, 1.5 mmol) dissolved in EtOAc (15 mL) was added in 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (1 .7 g, 6 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 12 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by medium pressure liquid chromatography (PE/EtOAc/MeOH = 15/15/1) to afford tert-butyl (R)-(1-(2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H- purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-3-formylphenyl)-3-(cyclopropylca rbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate as a yellow solid. ¹ H NMR: (400MHz DMSO -d ₆ ) d 10.32 (s, 1 H), 9.98 (s, 1 H), 8.51 (s, 1 H), 8.18 (s, 1 H), 7.63 (m, 1 H), 7.59 (m, 1 H), 7.49 (m, 1 H), 7.24 (m, 1 H), 5.81-5.72 (m, 2H), 3.85-3.79 (m, 1 H), 3.24-3.21 (m, 1 H), 3.08-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.59-2.56 (m, 1 H), 2.20-2.19 (m, 1 H), 2.11 (m, 1 H),

1 .45 (s, 9H), 1 .35 (s, 9H), 0.59-0.57 (m, 2H), 0.37 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 655.4. To a solution containing tert-butyl (R)-(1-(2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9- yl)methyl)-5-chloro-3-formylphenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl) pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate (400 mg, 0.6 mmol), trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane (634 mg, 6 mmol) dissolved in THF (4 mL) was added in TBAF (0.018 mL, 0.018 mmol, 1 M in THF), the mixture was stirred at 25°C for 2h. The mixture solution was concentrated. The residue was purified together by Pre-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Synergi Max-RP 250*50*1 Oum, condition:water(10mM NH ₄ HCO ₃ )-ACN) to give tert-butyl ((3R)-1-(2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)me thyl)-5-chloro-3-(2,2,2- trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyr rolidin-3-yl)carbamate as a white solid. ¹ H NMR: ( 400 MHz, DMSO -d ₆ ) d = 8.60-8.59 (m, 1 H), 8.20 (s, 1 H), 7.69-7.63 (m, 1 H), 7.36-7.33 (m, 3H), 7.06-7.05 (m, 1 H), 6.09-5.95 (m, 1 H), 5.67-5.56 (m, 1 H), 5.48-5.41 (m, 1 H), 3.25-3.15 (m, 1.75H), 2.99-2.90 (m, 1.75H), 2.30-2.26 (m, 1 H), 2.16-2.07 (m, 2.38H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.35 (s, 9H), 0.59-0.58 (m, 2H), 0.38 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 725.4.

Intermediate 20: tert-butyl (R)-(9-((5-bromo-7-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(cyclop ropyl carbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1 -yl)-4-fluoro-2, 3-dihydro benzofuran-6-yl)methyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)(tert- butoxycarbonyl)carbamate

A mixture of methyl (R)-1-(6-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)m ethyl)-5- bromo-4-fluoro-2, 3-dihydro benzofuran-7-yl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3 - carboxylate (INT-17) (270 mg, 0.33 mmol) in lithium hydroxide (1 N, 4 mL, 4 mmol) and THF (6 mL) was stirred at r.t. overnight. The reaction mixture was acidified to pH 3-4 with 1 N HCI and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried, filtered and concentrated to give (R)-1-(6-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)m ethyl)-5-bromo-4-fluoro-2,3- dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrol idine-3-carboxylic acid. LC-MS: [M/M+2] ⁺ = 791.8/793.8.

A mixture of (R)-1-(6-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)m ethyl)-5-bromo-4- fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)a mino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid (265 mg, 0.335 mmol), cyclopropylamine (0.035 mL, 0.5 mmol), propanephosphonic acid anhydride (or propylphosphonic anhydride, T3P, 50% solution in EtOAc, 426 mg, 0.7 mmol) and DIEA (0.35 mL, 2 mmol) in EtOAc (6 mL) was stirred at r.t. for 3hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with sat. NaHC03 aq. solution, citric acid aq. solution and brine, dried, filtered and concentrated to give tert-butyl (R)-(9-((5-bromo-7-(3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(cyclopropyl carbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-fluoro-2,3- dihydrobenzofuran-6-yl)methyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)(tert-butoxycar bonyl)carbamate. LC-MS: [M/M+2] ⁺ 830.8/832.8.

Intermediate 21 : tert-butyl (9-(6-bromo-2-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3- (cyclopropylcarba moyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbama te Tert-butyl (9-(6-bromo-2-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(cyclopropyl carbamoyl)pyrrolidin-

1-yl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate was prepared following procedures analogous to Intermediate 20. LC-MS: [M/M+2] ⁺ = 700.8/702.8.

Intermediate 22: 1-(3-bromo-2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl) methyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrro lidine-3-carboxylic acid

To a THF solution (25 mL) of methyl 1-(3-bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrro lidine-3-carboxylate (INT-2) (1 g, 2 mmol), Ph ₃ P (1.54 g, 5.87 mmol) and tert-butyl N-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-N-(9H-purin-6- yl)carbamate (INT-4) (0.8 g, 2.3 mmol) was added DEAD (929 uL, 5.9 mmol) at rt. 1 hr later, the reaction was concentrated under vaccum to give the crude product. The crude product was purified by combiflash (10% to 50% EA in hexanes) to give a brown syrup, which was then redissolved in DMSO/MeOH (16 mL, 5:3). To the reaction mixture was added 3 N NaOH solution (6.0 mL, 18.1 mmol) at rt. After stirring for 2 hrs, the reaction was acidified with 1 N HCI, diluted with EA, washed with 1 N HCI, water, and brine. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , and concentrated under vacuum to give a foam like crude product 1-(3-bromo-2-((6-

((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-(tri fluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 701.6.

Intermediate 23: methyl 1-(6-bromo-5-formyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4-yl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate

To a TFA solution (14 mL) of 6-bromo-4-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-1-one (800 mg, 3.5 mmol) was added triethylsilane (1.4 mL, 8.7 mmol) at rt. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was poured into ice, and extracted with EA. The organic layer was washed with water, saturated NaHCO ₃ solution and brine. The organic layer was then dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. The crude product was passed through a silica gel column and eluted with Hexane. After concentrated under vacuum, the crude product was redissolved in THF (12 mL) and treated with 2 M LDA solution (2.8 mL, 5.6 mmol) at -78 °C under N ₂ . The reaction mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 min, followed by addition of DMF (0.6 mL, 7.4 mmol) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for another 1 hr at -78 °C before warming up to 0 °C. The reaction mixture was then quenched with 0.5 N HCI solution at 0 °C and then warm up to rt. The reaction mixture was diluted with EA, washed with 1 N HCI, brine, dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (5% to 30% EA in Hex) to give 6-bromo-4-fluoro-

2.3-dihydro-1 H-indene-5-carbaldehyde as an off-white solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO -d ₆ ) d

10.18 (d, J = 0.73 Hz, 1 H), 7.53 (s, 1 H), 2.97 (t, J = 7.58 Hz, 2H), 2.88 (t, J = 7.52 Hz, 2H), 2.03 - 2.16 (m, 2H).

To a toluene solution (10 mL) of 6-bromo-4-fluoro-2,3-dihydro- 1 H-indene-5-carbaldehyde (INT-23a) (520 mg, 2.1 mmol) and methyl-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3- carboxylate ( rac INT-1) (627 mg, 2.57 mmol) was added K ₂ CO ₃ (443 mg, 3.2 mmol) at rt. The reaction tube was submerged to the pre-heated oil bath (110 °C). The reaction was stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with EA, washed with water, and brine. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. The crude product was purified by combiflash (10% to 50% EA in Hex) to give methyl 1-(6-bromo-5-formyl-

2.3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4-yl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-ca rboxylate (INT-23b) as a yellow foam. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ): d 10.06 (s, 1 H), 7.75 (s, 1 H), 7.17 (s, 1 H), 3.77 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 1 H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 3.48 - 3.57 (m, 1 H), 3.40 (td, J = 8.6, 4.5 Hz, 1 H), 3.31 (s,

1 H), 3.01 (br t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.15 - 2.34 (m, 2H), 1 .94 - 2.07 (m, 2H),

1 .37 (s, 9H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 467.1 .

To a CH ₃ CN (12 mL) solution of methyl 1-(6-bromo-5-formyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4-yl)-3- ((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (INT-23b) (500 mg, 0.11 mmol) was added Palau’Chlor ^® (235 mg, 1.12 mmol) at rt. After stirring for 1 hr, the reaction was quenched with water, and extracted with EA. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ SQ ₄ , and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. The crude product was then dissolved in THF (12 mL), followed by addition of NaBH ₄ (61 mg, 1.6 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction was stirred for 30 min until the yellow color faded. The reaction mixture was diluted with EA, washed with 1 N HCI, water, and brine. The organic layer was then dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. The crude product was purified by combiflash (5% to 30% EA in Hex) to give methyl 1-(6-bromo-5-formyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4-yl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 503.1.

Intermediate 24 and 25: methyl 1-(3-bromo-5,6-dichloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (INT-24) and methyl 1-(3-bromo-4,5,6-trichloro- 2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrro lidine-3-carboxylate (INT-25)

To a solution of methyl-1 -(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-formylphenyl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (rac INT-3a) (480 mg, 1 mmol) in CHCI ₃ (8 mL) was added Palau’Chlor ^® (233 mg, 1.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hrs. The reaction mixture was quenced with a few drops of water and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. The crude product was dissolved in MeOH (15 mL) and treated with NaBH ₄ (27 mg, 1.5 mmol) at rt. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 0.5 hr. The solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue was diluted with EA, washed with 1 N HCI, and brine. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ and concentrated to give the crude product. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (5% to 35% EA in Hex) to give methyl 1-(3-bromo-5,6-dichloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (INT-24) and methyl 1-(3-bromo-4,5,6-trichloro- 2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrro lidine-3-carboxylate (INT-25) as a mixture. INT-24: LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 512.7 (Rt = 4.021 min). INT-25:; LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 546.6 (Rt = 4.115 min).

Intermediate 26: tert-butyl (R)-(9-(6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-((dimethylamino)met hyl)-3-fluorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6- yl)carbamate A mixture of methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)m ethyl)-3- bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolid ine-3-carboxylate (prepared following procedures analogous to INT-5) (42 g, 55 mmol), potassium vinyltrifluoroborate (11 g, 82 mmol), Pd(dppf)CI ₂ DCM (4.5 g, 5.5 mmol) and K ₂ CO ₃ (22.8 g, 165 mmol) in dioxane/H ₂ O (420 mL/42 mL) was stirred at 100 °C for 18 hrs under N ₂ . The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 °C, diluted with H ₂ O (500 mL) and extracted with EA (1 L). The organic layer was washed with brine (500 mL), dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (PE/EA = 10/1 to pure EA) to afford methyl (R)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1-(2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)- 9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3- vinylphenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (INT-26aa) as yellow gum. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI ₃ ): d 8.92 (s, 1 H), 7.92 (s, 1 H), 7.28-7.24 ( m, 1 H), 7.20-7.07 (m, 1 H), 6.78-6.70 (m, 1 H), 5.70-5.61 (m, 3H), 5.56-5.52 (m, 1 H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.66 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.21 (d, J = 9.2Hz, 1 H), 3.140- 2.99 (m, 2H), 2.58- 2.44 (m, 1 H), 2.04 -1 .99 (m, 2H), 1 .51-1 .40 (m, 27H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 712.2.

To the solution of methyl (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1-(2-((6-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3-vinyl phenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (17 g, 23.9 mmol) in MeOH/THF (85 mL/85 mL) was added aq.LiOH (48 mL, 2.5 M, 120 mmol) at 10 °C. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 4 hrs. The mixture was diluted with H ₂ O (150 mL), adjusted pH = 3-4 by HCI (1 N) and extracted with EA (300 mL x 2). The organic layer was washed with brine (500 mL), dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated to give a crude product. To a mixture of the above crude product, cyclopropanamine (3.02 g, 52.8 mmol) and DIPEA (10 g, 79 mmol) in DMF (100 mL) was added HATU (20 g, 53 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 18 hrs at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was diluted with H ₂ O (200 mL) and extracted with EA (400 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine (600 mL x 2), dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (PE/EA = 10/1 to pure EA) to afford tert-butyl (R)-(9-(6-(3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-y l)-3-fluoro-2-vinylbenzyl)-9H- purin-6-yl)carbamate as a yellow solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ⁶ ): d = 9.98 (s, 1 H), 8.57 (s,

1 H), 8.10 (s, 1 H), 7.57 (s, 1 H), 7.34-7.17 (m, 3H), 6.83-6.75(m, 1 H), 5.64-5.37 (m, 4H), 3.68 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 3.10-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.96-2.90 (m, 1 H), 2.57 (s, 1 H), 2.29-2.18 (m, 1 H), 2.04 (s,

1 H), 1 .46 (s, 9H), 1 .32 (s, 9H), 0.55 (s, 2H), 0.35 (s, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 637.2.

A mixture of tert-butyl (R)-(9-(6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-fluoro-2-vinylbenzy l)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (4.2 g,

6.6 mmol) and OsO ₄ (336 mg, 1 .32 mmol) in THF/H ₂ O (40 mL/8 mL) was stirred at 25 °C for 30 mins. NalO ₄ (7 g, 33 mmol) was added to the mixture and stirred at 25 °C for 4 hrs. The reaction mixture was diluted with EA (80 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give tert-butyl (R)-(9-(6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(cyclopropylcarb amoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-fluoro-2- formylbenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (INT-26a) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 639.2. To a mixture of tert-butyl (R)-(9-(6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-fluoro-2-formylbenz yl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (64 mg, 0.100 mmol), dimethylamine hydrochloride (41 mg, 0.5 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) was added triethylamine (0.035 mL, 0.25 mmol). The mixture was stirred at RT for 10 min then sodium triacetoxyborohydride (63.7 mg, 0.3 mmol) was added portionwised. The mixture was stirred for 30 min. More dimethylamine hydrochloride (41 mg, 0.5 mmol) was added followed by sodium triacetoxyborohydride (63.7 mg, 0.3 mmol). The mixture was stirred at RT overnight. MeOH and acetone was added to quench the reaction and the mixture was concentrated. The mixture was diluted with EA and NaHCO ₃ (aq.) was added. The mixture was extracted with EA (x2). The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated to give tert-butyl (R)-(9-(6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(cyclopropylcarb amoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)- 2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-3-fluorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carb amate. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 668.4

Intermediate 27: tert-butyl (R)-(1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3- (((methoxycarbonyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbam oyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate

A mixture of tert-butyl (R)-(9-(6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-fluoro-2-formylbenz yl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (INT- 26a) (1 .2 g, 1 .9 mmol), HONH ₂ ·HCI (261 mg, 3.76 mmol) and Py (297 mg, 3.8 mmol) in MeOH (12 mL) was reacted at 30 °C for 4 hrs. The reaction mixture was diluted with H ₂ O (30 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL x 2). The organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL x 2), dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give tert-butyl (R,E)-(9-(6-(3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-y l)-3-fluoro-2- ((hydroxyimino)methyl)benzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate as a brown gum.LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 654.4.

A mixture of tert-butyl (R,E)-(9-(6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-fluoro-2-((hydroxyi mino)methyl)benzyl)-9H-purin-6- yl)carbamate (1 g, 1.6 mmol) and Zn (1 g, 1 .6 mmol) in AcOH (10 mL) was stirred at 40°C for 18 hrs. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated. The residue was diluted with H ₂ O (20 mL) and adjusted pH = 8 by aq.Na ₂ CO ₃ . The mixture was extracted with EA (100 mL). LCMS showed that most of the product is in the aqueous. The aqueous was lyophilized to give a brown solid (2.2 g, crude, contain Na ₂ CO ₃ ). The crude product (1.7 g, 2.6 mmol) was purified by prep- HPLC (base condition) to give tert-butyl (R)-(1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3- (aminomethyl)-4-fluorophenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrol idin-3-yl)carbamate as a yellow solid. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 540.3.

To a solution of tert-butyl (R)-(1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-(aminomethyl)-4- fluorophenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbam ate (150 mg, 0.28 mmol) and TEA (84 mg, 0.82 mmol) in DCM (1.5 mL) was added Methyl chloroformate (24 mg, 0.25 mmol) at 0 °C. After addition the reaction mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 18 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150*25*10 urn, gradient: 13-43% B (A = water (0.225% FA), B = ACN), flow rate: 25 mL/min) to give tert-butyl (R)-( 1 -(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3-

(((methoxycarbonyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcar bamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate as a white solid. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 598.4.

Intermediate 28: (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1 -(2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)- 9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3-(methoxymethyl)phenyl)pyrro lidine-3-carboxylic acid

A mixture of methyl (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1-(2-((6-((tert-butoxycar bonyl)amino)- 9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3-vinylphenyl)pyrrolidine-3-c arboxylate (INT-26aa) (2 g, 2.8 mmol) and OsO ₄ (142 mg, 0.6 mmol) in THF/H ₂ O (20 mL/6 mL) was stirred at 25 °C for 30 mins. NalO ₄ (3.0 g, 14 mmol) was added and stirred at 25 °C for 18 hrs. The reaction mixture was diluted with EA (50 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was washed with aq.Na ₂ S0 ₃ (100 mL x 2), dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated to give methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-(bis(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3-formy lphenyl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (INT-28aa) as yellow gum. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 714.2.

To a solution of methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)m ethyl)-4- fluoro-3-formylphenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrroli dine-3-carboxylate (1.8 g, 2.5 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added aq. NaBH ₄ (2.5 mL, 2 M, 5 mmol) dropwise at 5-10°C. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at 10 °C for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was quenched by ap.NH ₄ CI (40 mL) and extracted with EA (100 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with brined (50 mL), dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by COMBI-FLASH® (50% EA in PE) to give methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)- 9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3-(( tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (INT-28bb) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 716.3.

To a solution of methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)m ethyl)-4- fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amin o)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.07 mmol) in dry DCM (2 mL) under N ₂ was added SOCI ₂ (11 ml, 0.15 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C to RT for 1 h The mixture was concentrated at low temperature to give methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)m ethyl)-3-(chloromethyl)- 4-fluorophenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3- carboxylate (INT-28a) as a yellow oil and was used for the next step without purification. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 734.3, 736.3.

To a suspension of methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9- yl)methyl)-3-(chloromethyl)-4-fluorophenyl)-3-((tert-butoxyc arbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3- carboxylate (INT-28a) (103 mg, 0.14 mmol) in THF (0.9 mL) at 0 °C was added sodium methanolate (5.4 M in MeOH) (0.8 mL, 4.2 mmol). The suspension was stirred at 0 °C to RT overnight. The mixture was cooled to 0 °C and quenched by water (~1 ml). The mixture was then acidified by adding 1 M HCI dropwised at 0 °C to pH ~2-3 and the resulting mixture was extracted with EA (X3). The organic layer was washed with water, brine and dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ . The mixture was concentrated to afford (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1-(2-((6-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3-(meth oxymethyl)phenyl)pyrrolidine-3- carboxylic acid. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 616.3.

Intermediate 29. methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)m ethyl)- 3-cyano-4-fluorophenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrol idine-3-carboxylate

To a mixture of methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)m ethyl)-3- bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolid ine-3-carboxylate (prepared following procedures analogous to INT-5) (400 mg, 0.5 mmol) in dioxane (4 mL) was added Zn(CN) ₂ (245 mg, 2.1 mmol), Zn (10 mg ,0.1 mmol), Xanphos (61 mg, 0.1 mmol) and Pd ₂ (dba) ₃ (96 mg, 0.1 mmol) under N ₂ . The reaction was stirred at 120 °C for 2 h microwave. The mixture was poured into water (30 mL) and extracted with EA (20 mLx 3) and then dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (PE/EA = 3/1) to give methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)m ethyl)-3-cyano-4- fluorophenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-ca rboxylate as yellow oil. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d 8.79 (s, 1 H), 8.53 (s, 1 H), 7.70 (dd, J = 9.2, 5.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.35 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.83 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 2H), 3.83 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.27 (d, J = 10.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.19 - 3.12 (m, 1 H), 3.04 (td, J = 8.2, 5.2 Hz, 1 H), 2.43 (dt, J = 13.0, 7.3 Hz, 1 H), 2.23 - 2.11 (m, 1 H), 1.41 (s, 9H), 1.35 (s, 18H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 710.7.

Intermediate 30: (R)-methyl 3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1-(4-fluoro-2-formyl-3- ((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenyl) pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate

To a 10 mL tube was added methyl (R)-1-(3-bromo-4-fluoro-2-formylphenyl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (prepared following procedures analogous to INT-3a) (50 mg, 0.1 mmol), PdCl2(PPh ₃ )2 (7.9 mg, 0.011 mmol) and Cul (4.3 mg, 0.022 mmol). The tube was purged with N ₂ for 3 times. Then THF (0.4 mL) was added followed by TEA (0.02 mL, 0.2 mmol) and ethynyltrimethylsilane (0.02 mL, 0.2 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 50 °C under N2 for 4h. LCMS indicated completion of the reaction. The mixture was filtered by a syringe filter and washed by DCM for 3 times. The mixture was concentrated and was purified by ISCO (0~50% EA in hexane) to give (R)-methyl 3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1-(4-fluoro-2- formyl-3-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenyl) pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate as yellow foam. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) d 10.51 (d, J = 0.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.17 (dd, J = 9.4, 7.9 Hz, 1 H), 6.83 (ddd, J = 9.4, 4.3, 0.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.28 (s, 1 H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.71 - 3.64 (m, 1 H), 3.58 (dt, J = 9.9, 7.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.28 (q, J = 8.0, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.58 (dt, J = 12.8, 7.7 Hz, 1 H), 2.37 (dt, J = 12.7, 6.2 Hz, 1 H),

1.42 (s, 9H), 0.29 (s, 9H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 463.2.

Intermediate 31 : methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)m ethyl)- 4-fluoro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarb onyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate

To a 10 mL reaction vial was added methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H- purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3-formylphenyl)-3-((tert-butoxyc arbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3- carboxylate (INT-28aa) (70 mg, 0.1 mmol) and 2,2-difluoro-2-(triphenylphosphonio)acetate (70 mg, 0.2 mmol). The mixture was purged with N ₂ and anhydrous DMF was added. The vial was stirred at 70 °C for 1 h. LCMS showed consumption of the starting material. Then TBAF(1 M in THF, ~5% water) (0.5 mL, 0.5 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at 70 °C for 1 h. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with EA (x3). The combined organic phase was washed with water, brine and dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ . The mixture was concentrated for purification. ISCO purification (0-40% in EA/Hexane) give methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-(bis(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3-(2,2, 2-trifluoroethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate as a colorless oil. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol- d ₄ ) d 8.81 (s, 1 H), 8.55 (s, 1 H), 7.49 (dd, J = 8.9, 5.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.22 (t, J = 9.1 Hz, 1 H), 5.70 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 2H), 4.37 - 4.13 (m, 2H), 3.80 - 3.70 (m, 4H), 3.17 (d, J = 10.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.05 - 2.95 (m, 1 H), 2.95 - 2.86 (m, 1 H), 2.47 (dt, J = 13.0, 7.4 Hz, 1 H), 2.21 - 2.11 (m, 1 H), 1 .44 (s, 9H), 1 .35 (s, 18H). ¹⁹ F NMR (376 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d -66.73 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 3H), -117.83 (brs, 1 H). LC- MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 768.3.

Intermediate 32. ethyl 3-(1-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidin-3-yl)propanoate

To a THF solution (700 mL) of tert-butyl (1-benzyl-3-formylpyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate (70 g, 230 mmol) was added ethyl 2-(triphenyl-phosphaneylidene)acetate (104 g, 299 mmol) at 25°C under Ar. The sealed tube was then submerged to the preheated oil bath (75 °C) and stirred for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and filtered through a pad of silica gel column (PE/EA = 4/1) to afford ethyl (E)-3-(1-benzyl-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidin-3- yl)acrylate as a yellow oil. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 375.2. To a solution of ethyl (E)-3-(1-benzyl-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidin-3-y l)acrylate (70 g, 187 mmol) in EtOH (700 mL) was added Pd/C (70 g, wet), the mixture was purged with H ₂ three times and stirred under 50 psi of hydrogen atmosphere pressure at 55°C for 16 h. The mixture was filtered through Celite, the filtrate was concentrated to afford ethyl 3-(1-benzyl-3- ((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidin-3-yl)propanoate as a yellow oil. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 377.5.

Ethyl 3-(1-benzyl-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidin-3-yl)pr opanoate (35 g, 93 mmol), Pd/C (35 g, wet) and HCO ₂ NH ₄ (24 g, 374 mmol) in a mixture of EtOH (945 mL) and H ₂ O (105 mL) was heated at 80 °C for 5 hours. The mixture was filtered through Celite and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was diluted with water (1 L) and extracted with EtOAc (1 L x 2). The combined organic layer was concentrated to afford ethyl 3-(3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidin-3-yl)propanoate as a yellow oil. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI ₃ ) d 4.70 (s, 1 H), 4.16-4.09 (m, 2H), 3.11 ( m, 1 H), 3.08 (m, 1 H), 2.96 (m, 1 H), 2.74-2.71 (m, 1 H), 2.37-2.33 (m, 2H), 2.23-2.21 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.18 (m, 1 H), 1.76 (m, 1 H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.27-1.24 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 287.2.

The mixture of ethyl 3-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidin-3-yl)propanoate (53 g, 185 mmol), 2-bromo-4-chloro-6-fluorobenzaldehyde (Apollo Scientific) (44 g, 185 mmol), DIEA (60 g, 463 mmol) and MeCN (530 mL) was stirred at 80 °C for 16 h. The mixture was diluted with water (1 .5 L) and extracted with EtOAc (1 L x 3). The combined organic layer was concentrated to afford ethyl 3-(1-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-formylphenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbon yl)amino)pyrrolidin- 3-yl)propanoate as a yellow solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI ₃ ) d 10.23 (s, 1 H), 6.94 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1 H), 6.72 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.50 (s, 1 H), 4.10-4.04 (m, 2H), 3.42- 3.39 (m, 1 H), 3.37 (m, 2H), 3.23-3.20 (m, 1 H), 2.30-2.25 (m, 3H), 2.18 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.87 (m, 1 H), 1.35 (s, 9H), 1.20- 1.18 (m, 3H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 503.1.

To a solution of ethyl 3-(1-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-formylphenyl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidin-3-yl)propanoate (87 g, 173 mmol) in THF (870 mL) and MeOH (290 mL) was added NaBH ₄ (5.9 g, 155 mmol) in portions at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 15 min. The mixture was diluted with water (2 L) at 0 °C and extracted with EtOAc (2 L x 3). The combined organic layer was concentrated to afford ethyl 3-(1-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2- (hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrroli din-3-yl)propanoate as a yellow solid. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 505.0.

Intermediate 33. ethyl 3-(1-(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)me thyl)-3- bromo-5-chlorophenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino) pyrrolidin-3-yl)propanoate Intermediate 33 was prepared from tert-butyl N-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-N-(9H-purin-6- yl)carbamate (INT-4) and ethyl 3-(1-(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidin-3-yl)propanoate (INT-32), following procedures analogous to Intermediate 5. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) d 8.89 (s, 1 H), 8.25 (s, 1 H), 7.37 (d, J = 2.0Hz, 1 H), 7.23 (d, J = 2.0Hz, 1 H), 5.71 (q, J = 14.6 Hz, 2H), 4.11 (q, J =7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.59-3.50 (m, 1 H), 3.44 - 3.35 (m, 1 H), 3.30 - 3.26 (m, 1 H), 3.20 - 3.13 (m, 1 H), 2.35 - 2.25 (m, 2H), 2.24 - 2.11 (m, 2H), 2.09 - 1 .98 (m, 1 H), 1 .92 - 1 .82 (m, 1 H), 1 .42 - 1 .38 (m, 27H), 1 .25 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 821.9.

Intermediate 34. (R)-tert-butyl (9-(2-bromo-6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(2- cyanoethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl) carbamate

Step 1. tert-butyl (1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-3-ethylphenyl )-3-(3- hydrazinyl-3-oxopropyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate

To a solution of ethyl 3-(1-(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)me thyl)-3- bromo-5-chlorophenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolid in-3-yl)propanoate ( rac - INT-33) (15 g, 18.2 mmol) and potassium vinyltrifluoroborate (4.9 g, 36 mmol), Pd(dppf)CI ₂ DCM (1.5 g, 1.8 mmol) in dioxane (135 mL) and H ₂ O (15 mL) was added K ₂ CO ₃ (7.5 g, 5 mmol) under N ₂ . The mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 16 hours. The mixture was diluted with water (500 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 500 mL). The organic layer was combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The crude residue was dissolved in EtOH (130 mL) and Pd/C (1 .3 g, wet) was added. The mixture was purged with H ₂ three times and stirred under 15 Psi of hydrogen atmosphere at 25 °C for 16 hours. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to afford ethyl 3-(1 -(2-((6-(bis(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-3-ethyl phenyl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidin-3-yl)propanoate as a yellow solid. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ =772.4.

A mixture of ethyl 3-(1-(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)me thyl)-5-chloro- 3-ethylphenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidin-3-yl )propanoate (0.5 g, 0.65 mmol), NH ₂ NH ₂ ·H ₂ O (0.48 g, 9.7 mmol) and EtOH (5 mL) in a sealed tube was stirred at 25 °C for 48 h. The mixture was concentrated to afford tert-butyl (1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro- 3-ethylphenyl)-3-(3-hydrazineyl-3-oxopropyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl) carbamate as a yellow oil. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ =558.2.

Step 2. (R)-tert-butyl (9-(2-bromo-6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(2- cyanoethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl) carbamate

The mixture of tert-butyl (1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-3-ethylphenyl )-3-(3- hydrazineyl-3-oxopropyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate (1 .2 g, 2 mmol) and CH ₃ N=C=S (0.4 g, 5.4 mmol) in EtOH (12 mL) was stirred at 80 °C for 24 h. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by Prep-HPLC (Column: Phenomenex luna C18 250*50mm*10mm. Condition: water (0.1% TFA)-MeCN) to afford a racemic compound. Separation by SFC (AD- 3_5CM_IPA (DEA)_40_3ML_7MIN_T35.M) gave (R)-tert- butyl (9-(2-bromo-6-(3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(2-cyanoethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-chl orobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate as a white solid (first peak). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d 8.41 (s, 1 H), 7.91 (s, 1 H), 7.19 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.08 (d, J = 1 .7 Hz, 1 H), 5.64 - 5.47 (m, 2H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.41 (s, 1 H), 3.28 - 3.21 (m, 1 H), 3.16 (d, J = 9.7 Hz, 2H), 2.80 - 2.59 (m, 4H), 2.40 - 2.13 (m, 2H), 2.11 - 1 .90 (m, 2H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.13 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ =613.2 [M+H] ⁺ .

Intermediate 35 and 36. tert-butyl (R)-(9-(2-bromo-6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(1- methyl-1 H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6- yl)(tert- butoxycarbonyl)carbamate (INT-35) and tert-butyl (R)-(9-(2-bromo-6-(3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrrolidi n-1-yl)-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6- yl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)carbamate (INT-36)

To a solution of tert-butyl (R)-(9-(2-bromo-6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(1 H-tetrazol- 5-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)(tert-bu toxycarbonyl)carbamate (200 mg, 0.2 mmol) in THF (6 mL) was added CH ₃ I (16 mg, 0.11 mmol) and NaHCO ₃ (38 mg, 0.45 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 16 hours. CH ₃ I (32 mg, 0.22 mmol) and NaHCQ ₃ (38 mg, 0.45 mmol) were then added to the above mixture. The mixture was stirred at 20 °C for another 29 hours. The mixture was partitioned between brine (30 mL) and EtOAc (20 mL x 3). The organic layer was dried under vacuum to afford a mixture of tert-butyl (R)-(9-(2-bromo-6-(3- ((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(1 -methyl-1 H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H- purin-6-yl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)carbamate (INT-35) and tert-butyl (R)-(9-(2-bromo-6-(3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrrolidi n-1-yl)-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6- yl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)carbamate (INT-36) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 906.4.

Intermediates 37 and 38: tert-butyl (R)-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(9-(6-(3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-y l)-4-chloro-3-fluoro-2- formylbenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (INT-37) and tert-butyl (R)-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(9-(6-(3- ((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrroli din-1-yl)-2-chloro-3-fluoro-4- formylbenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (INT-38)

To a THF/Water solution (4 mL, 4:1) of tert-butyl (R)-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(9-(6-(3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-y l)-4-chloro-3-fluoro-2-vinylbenzyl)- 9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (INT-37A) and tert-butyl (R)-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(9-(6-(3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-y l)-2-chloro-3-fluoro-4-vinylbenzyl)- 9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (INT38A) (150 mg, 0.19 mmol) was added sodium periodate (125 mg, 0.6 mmol) and potassium osmate(VI) dihydrate (4.3 mg, 12 mmol) in one portion at rt. The reaction was stirred for 2 hr, followed by addition of sodium periodate (125 mg, 0.6 mmol) and potassium osmate(VI) dihydrate (4.3 mg, 12 mmol). The reaction was further stirred for 2 hr. The reaction was diluted with EA, washed with sodium sulfide solution, and brine. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. The crude product was purified by combiflash (10% to 50% EA in DCM) to give a mixture of tert-butyl ( R )- (tert-butoxycarbonyl)(9-(6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3 -(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1- yl)-4-chloro-3-fluoro-2-formylbenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamat e (INT-37) and tert-butyl ( R)-(tert - butoxycarbonyl)(9-(6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(cycl opropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2- chloro-3-fluoro-4-formylbenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (INT-38). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 773.3.

INT-39: methyl (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1 -(2,2-difluoro-4- formylbenzo[d][1 ,3]dioxol-5-yl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (for Example 15)

A degassed suspension of 5-bromo-2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1 ,3]dioxole-4-carbaldehyde (8.7 g, 37 mmol, prepared from 5-bromo-2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1 ,3]dioxole according to General Procedure A), INT-1 (9.0 g, 37 mmol), Pd ₂ (dba) ₃ (0.64 g, 0.7 mmol), BINAP (0.9 g, 1 .4 mmol) and Cs ₂ C0 ₃ (14.5 g, 44 mmol) in dry toluene (90 mL) was heated under N ₂ to 110 °C for 16 h. The mixture was chilled and the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Combi flash (PE/EA = 100/1 ~ 5/1) to afford compound INT-39 as a yellow solid. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 429.0.

INT-40: 6-bromo-4-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (For Example 115)

A mixture of 2,5-dibromo-1 ,3-difluorobenzene (3 g, 11 mmol), ethylene glycol (6 mL, 110 mmol) and potassium carbonate (4.6 g, 33 mmol) in NMP (3 mL) was stirred at 100 °C for 4hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with water and brine, dried, fitlered and concentrated. ISCO (silica gel, 0-30% EtOAc in hexanes) to afford 2-(2,5-dibromo-3- fluorophenoxy)ethanol as white solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) d 7.32 (dd, J = 8.1 , 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.23 (t, J = 1 .8 Hz, 1 H), 4.93 (s, 1 H), 4.15 (dd, J = 5.3, 4.4 Hz, 2H), 3.73 (t, J = 4.9 Hz, 2H).

To a solution of 2-(2,5-dibromo-3-fluorophenoxy)ethanol (1 g, 3.2 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (0.9 g, 3.5 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added a solution of carbon tetrabromide (1.2 g, 3.5 mmol) in THF (5 mL). The reaction was stirred at r.t. for 4hr. The reaction mixture was filtered to removed PPh ₃ O and the filtrate was concentrated. ISCO (silica gel, 100% hexanes) to afford 2,5-dibromo-1-(2-bromoethoxy)-3-fluorobenzene. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) d 7.36 (dd, J = 8.1 , 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.26 (t, J = 1 .8 Hz, 1 H), 4.54 - 4.42 (m, 2H), 3.89 - 3.77 (m, 2H).

At -78 °C, to a solution of 2,5-dibromo-1-(2-bromoethoxy)-3-fluorobenzene (1 .6 g, 4.2 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added n-butyllithium (2.5 mL, 5 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at -78°C for 2hr. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat. NH ₄ CI aq. solution and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried, filtered and concentrated. ISCO (silica gel, 100% hexanes) to afford 6-bromo-4-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran as colorless oil. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) d 6.97 (dd, J = 8.3, 1 .5 Hz, 1 H), 6.90 (dd, J = 1.5, 0.5 Hz, 1 H), 4.64 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.23 - 3.15 (m, 2H).

INT-41 : tert-butyl (1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-chloro-3-(ethylthio) phenyl)-3- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate (For Example 113)

In a sealed tube the reactants tert-butyl (1-(2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9- yl)methyl)-4-chloro-3-iodophenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)py rrolidin-3-yl)carbamate (500 mg, 0.7 mmol, prepared from 1-chloro-4-fluoro-2-iodobenzene), XANTPHOS (77 mg, 0.13 mmol), Pd ₂ dba ₃ (122 mg, 0.13 mmol) and Cs ₂ CO ₃ (433 mg, 1.3 mmol) were mixed in 1 ,4-dioxane (2 mL) and ethanethiol (2.5 mL, 33 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 80°C for 16 hrs. The reaction was quenched by aq. NH ₄ CI, the crude product was extracted by ethyl acetate (3x40 mL). The organic layer was combined and dried with MgSO ₄ , filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by prep. HPLC. LC-MS: [M+1] ⁺ = 586.9.

INT-42: tert-butyl (R)-(3-((2-(cyclopropylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)methyl)pyrrolidin- 3- yl)carbamate (for Example 30)

At 0°C, to a solution of benzyl (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3- (hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-l-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.28 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added sodium hydride (13.7 mg, 0.57 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0°C for 15min before the addition of 2-bromo-N-cyclopropylacetamide (102 mg, 0.57 mmol) (in 3mL THF). The reaction mixture was warmed up to r.t. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat. NH4CI aq. solution and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried, fitlered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by ISCO (silica gel, 0-100% EtOAc in hexanes) to afford the product. LC-MS: [M+1] ⁺ = 448.1.

A mixture of benzyl (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-((2-(cyclopropylamino)- 2- oxoethoxy)methyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (55 mg, 0.123 mmol) and Pd-C (10%, 26.2 mg, 0.025 mmol) in EtOAc (5 mL) was stirred at r.t. under H ₂ atmoshpere overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated. The crude product was used in the next step without purification. LC-MS: [M+1] ⁺ = 314.2.

INT-43: methyl (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1 -(2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H- purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-3-cyclobutylphenyl)pyrrolidine-3 -carboxylate (For Example 29)

To an 40 mL vial (Thermo scientific 200 series) equipped with a stirring bar was added in photocatalyst lr[dF(CF ₃ )ppy]2(dtbbpy)PF ₆ (2.87 mg, 2.56 umol), methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-(bis(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-bromo-5-chloro phenyl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (200 mg, 256 umol), bromocyclobutane (52 mg, 384 umol), dichloronickel, 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane (281 ug, 1.3 umol), 4-tert-butyl-2-(4-tert-butyl-2- pyridyl)pyridine (412 ug, 1.54 umol), bis(trimethylsilyl)silyl-trimethyl-silane (64 mg, 256 umol) and Na ₂ CO ₃ (54 mg, 512 umol). The vial was sealed and purged with nitrogen (30 min) before 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane (5 mL) was added in. The mixture was stirred and irradiated with a 34 W blue LED lamp (7 cm away, with cooling fan to keep the reaction temperature at 25 °C) for 16 hours. The mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and was extracted with EtOAc (30 mL x 3). The organic layer was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by reversed chromatography column (30% MeCN in water, HCI) to afford the title compound as yellow gum. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 756.3.

INT-44: tert-butyl (9-(2-bromo-6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(4-(trifluor omethyl)pyridin- 2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamat e (for Example 27)

The reactants 1 -(3-bromo-2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)m ethyl)-5- chlorophenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-ca rboxylic acid (400 mg, 0.6 mmol), photocatalyst fac-lr(dfppy) ₃ (4.57 mg, 6.00 mmol), 4-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (0.15 mL, 1.2 mmol) and potassium hydrogen phosphate (209 mg, 1 .199 mmol) were mixed in DMSO (12 mL). The mixture was bubbled by N ₂ for 30 min then was sealed and put on a 2W blue LED reactor for 4 hrs. The reaction was quenched by brine and water, the crude product was extracted by ethyl acetate (3 X 40 mL). The organic layer was combined and dried with MgS04, was filtered and was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash chromatography column (0% to 100% EtOAc in hexane) to afford the title compound as yellow gum. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 769.2.

INT-45: tert-butyl (3-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate (For Examples 22 & 23)

To a solution of 2-iodopyridine (1 mL, 9.8 mmol) in DCM (60 mL) was added m-CPBA (3.4 g, 14.6 mmol). The mixture was cooled to 0 °C. TfOH (3.5 mL, 39 mmol) was added in drop- wisely. The mixture was recovered to r.t. and was stirred for 120 min at r.t. then was cooled to 0°C. Mesitylene (1.5 mL, 10.7 mmol) was added in drop-wisely. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 18 hrs. The mixture was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was put on a silica gel plug and was first washed with DCM (400 ml), then washed with5% MeOH in DCM (2000 mL). The eluent was concentrated and the solid was dissolved in Et ₂ O, the solution was put in -20°C for 18 hrs. The crystals was collected to gave mesityl(pyridin-2-yl)iodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (INT-45a) as a yellow solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) d: 8.55 - 8.46 (m, 1 H), 8.20 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.04 - 7.92 (m, 1 H), 7.68 (dd, J = 7.4, 4.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.22 (s, 2H), 2.61 (s, 6H), 2.30 (s, 3H).

To a solution of compound tert-butyl 3-nitropyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (250 mg, 1 mmol), CsF (304 mg, 2 mmol) and t-BuOK (337 mg, 3.00 mmol) in 2-propanol (2 mL), t-BuOH (2 mL) and 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane (4 mL) was added in mesityl(pyridin-2-yl)iodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (710 mg, 1.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 45 °C for 16 hours. The mixture was diluted with water (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL x 3). The organic layer was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography (33% EtOAc in PE) to afford the benzyl 3-nitro-3-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1- carboxylate (INT-45b) as yellow oil. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 328.1. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI ₃ ) d: 8.62 (s, 1 H), 7.81-7.75 (m, 1 H), 7.39-7.36 (m, 7H), 5.18-5.16 (m, 2H), 4.93-4.89 (m, 1 H), 4.24-4.13 (m, 1 H), 3.81-3.78 (m, 1 H), 3.63-3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.38-3.25 (m, 1 H), 2.66-2.58 (m, 1 H).

To a solution of tert-butyl 3-nitro-3-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1 .20 g, 3.67 mmol) in EtOH/H ₂ O (144 mL, 2:1) was added in iron (4.1 g, 73 mmol) and NH ₄ CI (2 g, 36.7 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 3 hours. The mixture was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to afford the benzyl 3-amino-3-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (INT-45c) as brown oil. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 298.0.

To a solution of benzyl 3-amino-3-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (900 mg, 3 mmol) in DCM (6.5 mL) was added in DMAP (37 mg, 0.30 mmol) and Boc ₂ O (2.6 g, 12 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25-35 °C for 16 hours. The mixture was diluted with water (50 mL) and was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 3). The organic layer was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash chromatography column (55% EtOAc in PE) to benzyl 3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxyl ate (INT-45d) as yellow gum. LC- MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 398.1.

To a solution of benzyl 3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1 - carboxylate (400 mg, 1 mmol) in MeOH (4 mL) was added in Pd/C (80 mg, 10% purity, 50% purity of water). The mixture was purged with N ₂ and H ₂ . The mixture was stirred at 25-35 °C for 16 hours under H ₂ (15 PSI). The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to afford tert-butyl (3-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate as yellow gum. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 264.1.

INT-46: tert-butyl (9-(6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)eth yl)pyrrolidin-1 - yl)-3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbam ate

To a solution of 3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1-(2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbony l)amino)-9H- purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrrol idine-3-carboxylic acid (200 mg, 0.3 mmol), potassium hydrogen phosphate (109 mg, 0.6 mmol) and 2-vinylpyridine (0.07 mL, 0.62 mmol) mixed in DMSO (12 mL) was photocatalyst lr[dF(CF ₃ )ppy] ₂ (dtbbpy)PF ₆ (7 mg, 6 mmol) added in. The mixture was bubbled by N ₂ for 30 min then was sealed and put on a 2W blue LED reactor for 16 hrs. The reaction was quenched by brine and water, the crude product was extracted by ethyl acetate (3 X 40 mL). The organic layer was combined and dried with MgS04, was filtered and was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash chromatography column (0% to 100% EtOAc in hexane) to afford the title compound as yellow gum. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 701.2. EXAMPLES

Example 1 . (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-bromo-5-c hlorophenyl)-N- cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide

To a solution of tert-butyl (R)-(1-(3-bromo-2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin- 9- yl)methyl)-5-chlorophenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidi n-3-yl)carbamate (INT-6) (25 g, 83.6%purity) in DCM (250 mL) was added HCI/dioxane (75 mL, 4M). The reaction was stirred at 25 °C for 8 hours. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was diluted with MeOH (40 mL) and Et ₃ N (5 mL). The residue was purified by preparational HPLC (column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 250*50mm*10 pm, gradient 20%~45%B (A = water with 0.05% NH40H), B = acetonitrile, flow rate: 100 mL/min). The eluent was put on a lyophilizerto afford (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-bromo-5-c hlorophenyl)-N- cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide as white solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI ₃ ) d 8.25 (s, 1 H), 7.79 (s, 1 H), 7.41 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.25 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.65-5.47 (m, 2H), 3.67-3.60 (m,

1 H), 3.43-3.34 (m, 1 H), 3.17-3.08 (m, 1 H), 2.94-2.88 (m, 1 H), 2.66-2.57 (m, 1 H), 2.43-2.33 (m,

1 H), 1 .82-1 .70 (m, 1 H), 0.75-0.63 (m, 2H), 0.52-0.41 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 507.0, 505.0.

Example 2. (R)-3-amino-1 -(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-3-ethylphenyl)- N- cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide

To a mixture of tert-butyl (R)-(1-(2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)met hyl)-5- chloro-3-ethylphenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-y l)carbamate (46 g, crude) in DCM (460 mL) was added HCI/dioxane (138 mL, 4 M). The reaction was stirred at 25 °C for 2 hours. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 250*50 mm*10 urn, gradient 25~50% B (A = water (0.05% ammonia hydroxide v/v), B = acetonitrile, flow rate: 80 mL/min) to afford the title compound (7080 mg, purity: 98.8%, ee: 100%) as white solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d 8.26 (s, 1 H), 7.71 (s, 1 H), 7.21 (d, J = 1 .6 Hz, 1 H), 7.07 (s, 1 H), 5.58-5.44 (m, 2H), 3.60-3.50 (m, 1 H), 3.29-3.21 (m,

1 H), 3.11-2.99 (m, 1 H), 2.88-2.80 (m, 1 H), 2.74-2.58 (m, 3H), 2.46-2.34 (m, 1 H), 1.81-1.66 (m,

1 H), 1.11-1.01 (m, 3H), 0.76-0.64 (m, 2H), 0.52-0.41 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 455.4. The following examples were prepared from corresponding intermediates following procedures analogous to Example 1 .

Example 18. (R)-9-(2-(3-amino-3-(1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-bromo-4- chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-amine To a solution of tert-butyl (9-(2-bromo-6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol- 3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamat e (INT-11) (75 mg, 0.11 mmol, 1 eq) dissolved in DCM (2 mL) was added in TFA (2 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 .2 hours at 26 °C. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the crude compound was purified by prep-HPLC [column: Boston Green ODS 150*30 5u: gradient 15% - 25% B (A: water

(0.1%TFA), B (MeCN))] to afford the racemic crude. Separation by SFC using an AD-H chiral column and 0.1 % NH ₄ OH in MeOH gave (R)-9-(2-(3-amino-3-(1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1- yl)-6-bromo-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-amine (second eluent). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz Methanol- cf ₄ ): d 8.54 (s, 1 H), 8.36 (s, 1 H), 8.07 (s, 1 H),7.57 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.48 (d, J= 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.70 (q, J=14.4 Hz, 2 H), 3.80 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.59 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.41 - 3.31 (m, 2

H), 2.90- 2.82 (m, 1 H), 2.44- 2.37 (m, 1 H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 491 .3.

The following examples were prepared from the correspodning intermediates following procedures analogous to Example 18.

Example 32. (R)-9-(2-(3-amino-3-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1 -yl)-6-bromo-4-chlorobenzyl)- 9H-purin-6-amine To a solution of tert-butyl (9-(2-bromo-6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3- (methoxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-y l)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)carbamate (INT-16) (85 mg, 0.11 mmol) dissolved in CH ₂ CI ₂ (3 mL) was added in TFA (2 mL) slowly. The reaction mixture was stirred at 22-31 °C for 2 hours. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in MeCN (3 mL). The solution was basified with NH ₃ .H ₂ O to pH 8-9 and purified by prep-HPLC [column: Waters Xbridge 150*25mm 5um, gradient: 13%-43% B (A = water/10 mM NH ₄ HCO ₃ / B = MeCN), flow rate: 25 mL/min to afford the racemic crude as a white solid. Separation by SFC using an AD-H chiral column and 0.1% NH ₄ OH in MeOH gave (R)-9-(2-(3-amino-3-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-bromo- 4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-amine (first eluent). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz methanol-d ₄ ): d 8.27 (s, 1 H), 7.71 (s, 1 H), 7.42 (d, J= 2.0 Hz,

1 H), 7.22 (d, J= 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.46-5.63 (m, 2H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.22-3.26 (m, 1 H), 3.21 (s, 2H),

3.16 (d, J= 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.07-3.12 (m, 1 H), 2.83 (d, J= 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 1.85-1.93 (m, 1 H), 1.64-1.72 (m, 1 H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 467.8.

Example 33. (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-3- ((R)-2,2,2- trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3- carboxamide

Tert-butyl ((3R)-1-(2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)me thyl)-5-chloro-3- (2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbam oyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate (INT- 19) (65 mg, 0.89 mmol) was mixed with a solution of hydrochloride in EtOAc (0.7 mL, 4M). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 12 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and purified by pre-HPLC (Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150*25*1 Oum, Condition:water(0.05%HCI)- MeCN) to afford the racemic crude as a white solid. Separation by SFC and purification by pre- HPLC(Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150*25*1 Oum, Condition:water(0.05%HCI)-MeCN) gave (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-3- ((R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1- hydroxyethyl)phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide as a white solid. ¹ H

NMR:(400MHz Methanol-d ₄ ) d 8.38 (s, 1 H), 7.97 (s, 1 H), 7.56-7.56 (m, 1 H), 7.44 (s, 1 H), 5.77- 5.56 (m, 2H), 5.33-5.28 (m, 1 H), 3.65-3.62 (m, 1 H), 3.26-3.24 (m, 1 H), 3.05-3.03 (m, 1 H), 2.64- 2.60 (m, 1 H), 2.49-2.47 (m, 1 H), 2.17-2.12 (m, 1 H), 0.69-0.60 (m, 2H), 0.51-0.48 (m, 2H). ). LC- MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 525.1. The following examples were prepared from corresponding intermediates following procedures analogous to those described in Example 33.

Example 36. (R)-3-(3-amino-1 -(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-bromo-5- chlorophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-ethylpropanamide

To a solution of ethyl 3-(1-(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)me thyl)-3- bromo-5-chlorophenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolid in-3-yl)propanoate ( rac INT-33) (5 g, 6.9 mmol) in MeOH (50 mL) was added NaOH (966 mg, 24 mmol) in H ₂ O (13 mL) at 25 °C, the reaction mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 1 .6 hrs. Then the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum to remove MeOH at 40 °C for 1 h. The residue was adjusted to pH = 5 with aq. HCI (2 M). The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL x 3). The organic phase was concentrated to give a crude acid as yellow oil.

To a solution of the above crude acid (200 mg, 288 umol, 1 eq.), EtNH ₂ .HCI (130 mg, 2.9 mmol) and HATU (218 mg, 576 umol) in DMF (2 mL) was added DIEA (445 mg, 3.4 mmol) at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 4 hrs. The reaction mixture was diluted with H ₂ O (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (5 mL x 3), the combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give crude amide (260 mg) as a yellow oil, which was dissolved in DCM (2 mL) was added TFA (1 mL) at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 3 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by prep-HPLC [column: Phenomenex Gemini 150 x 25 mm x 10 urn, gradient 30 %- 60 % B (A = water (10mM NH4HCO3), B = MeCN), flow rate: 25 mL/min] to afford the racemic compound as a white solid. Separation by SFC [Column: Chiralpak IC-3 50x4.6mm I.D., 3um Mobile phase: Phase A for CO ₂ , and Phase B for MeOH (0.05%DEA);Gradient elution: 40% MeOH (0.05% DEA) in CO ₂ Flow rate: 3mL/min; Wavelength: 220nm] gave (R)-3-(3-amino-1-(2- ((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-bromo-5-chlorophenyl)pyrro lidin-3-yl)-N-ethylpropanamide as a yellow solid (first peak). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d = 8.28 (s, 1 H), 7.77 (s, 1 H), 7.41 (s, 1 H), 7.22 (s, 1 H), 5.67-5.48 (m, 2H), 3.24-3.14 (m, 4H), 3.07-3.04 (m, 1 H), 2.93 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 2.29-2.18 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.72 (m, 4H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 523.0.

The following examples were prepared from corresponding intermediates following procedures analogous to those described in Example 36.

Example 39. (R)-9-(2-(3-(2-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethyl)-3-aminopyrrolidin-1- yl)-6-bromo-4- chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-amine To a solution of tert-butyl (9-(2-(3-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-bromo-4-chlorobenzyl )-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (1 .8 g, 2.6 mmol) in THF (18 mL) was added trifluoroacetic anhydride (1 .36 g, 6.5 mmol) and TEA (1 .4 g, 14.3 mmol) at 15 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 15 °C for 15 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with H ₂ O (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL x 3), the combined organic layer dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give tert-butyl (9-(2-bromo-6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(2-cyanoethy l)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4- chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate as a yellow oil. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 677.4. To a solution of tert-butyl (9-(2-bromo-6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(2- cyanoethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)ca rbamate (2 g, 2.9 mmol) in i- PrOH/H ₂ O (13 mL/7 mL) was added NaN ₃ (383 mg, 5.9 mmol) and ZnBr ₂ (663 mg, 2.9 mmol) at 15 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 120 °C for 16 hrs. The reaction mixture was diluted with H ₂ O (20 mL) and concentrated to remove i-PrOH, then extracted with EtOAc (15 mL x 3). The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude residue was diluted with DCM (4 mL) and TFA (2 mL) was added at 15 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 15 °C for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by prep-HPLC [column: Phenomenex Gemini 150 x 25 mm x 10 urn, gradient 30 %-60 % B (A = water (10mM NH ₄ HCO ₃ ), B = MeCN), flow rate: 25 mL/min] to afford racemic compound. Separation by SFC [Column: Chiralpak IC-3 50x4.6mm I.D., 3um Mobile phase: Phase A for CO ₂ , and Phase B for MeOH (0.05% DEA); Gradient elution: 40% MeOH (0.05% DEA) in CO ₂ Flow rate: 3mL/min; Wavelength: 220nm] gave (R)-9-(2-(3-(2-(2H-tetrazol-5- yl)ethyl)-3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-bromo-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H -purin-6-amine as a white solid (first peak). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d 8.31 (s, 1 H), 7.98 (s, 1 H), 7.60 (d, J = 1 .8 Hz, 1 H), 7.46 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.79-5.48 (m, 2H), 3.31-2.28 (m, 2H), 3.10-3.00 (m, 4H), 2.31-2.19 (m, 3H), 2.06-1 .98 (m, 1 H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 520.1 .

Example 40 was prepared from the corresponding intermediate following procedures analogous to those described in Example 39.

Example 41 . (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-bromo-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxam ide

To a DMF solution (3 mL) of 1-(3-bromo-2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9- yl)methyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert-butoxycarbony l)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid (INT-22) (110 mg, 0.16 mmol), DIPEA (69 uL, 0.4 mmol) and cyclopropanamine (18 mg, 0.3 mmol) was added HATU (119 mg, 0.3 mmol) at rt. After stirring for 1 hr, the reaction mixture was diluted with EA, washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product.

The crude product was dissolved in DCM (3 mL) and treated with TFA (2 mL) at rt. The reaction was stirred for 1 hr, then concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. Purification by prep-HPLC (Column: XBridge 30*150mm 5um, gradient: 30-100% B (A = water (0.05% NH ₄ OH), B = acetonitrile (0.05% NH ₄ OH)), flow rate: 30 mL/min) gave a white powder, which was separated by SFC to give (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3- bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3- carboxamide. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, MeOH -d ₄ ): d 8.26 (s, 1 H), 7.78 (s, 1 H), 7.73 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.24 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.66 - 5.73 (m, 1 H), 5.55 - 5.62 (m, 1 H), 3.77 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1 H), 3.59 (q, J = 7.9 Hz, 1 H), 3.23 - 3.29

(m, 1 H), 3.00 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1 H), 2.62 (tt, J = 7.3, 3.8 Hz, 1 H), 2.40 (dt, J = 12.6, 8.3 Hz, 1 H),

1 .75 - 1 .84 (m, 1 H), 0.66 - 0.75 (m, 2H), 0.43 - 0.51 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 540.7.

The following examples were prepared from corresponding intermediates following procedures analogous to those described in Example 41 . Example 45. (R)-3-amino-1 -(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-((dimethylamino)methyl )- 4-fluorophenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide

A solution of tert-butyl (R)-(9-(6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-((dimethylamino)met hyl)-3-fluorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6- yl)carbamate (INT-26) in 4M HCI in dioxane (2 mL) was reacted at RT for 3 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was adjusted to pH = 8 with NH ₃ H ₂ O and was purified by prep-HPLC [Column: Waters Xbridge 150*25*5um; Condition: water(10mM NH ₄ HCO ₃ )- MeCN; Flow rate: 25 mL/min] to give (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3- ((dimethylamino)methyl)-4-fluorophenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrroli dine-3-carboxamide as an off-white solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d 8.24 (s, 1 H), 7.92 (s, 1 H), 7.42 (dd, J = 9.0, 4.9 Hz,

1 H), 7.16 (t, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.69 - 5.54 (m, 2H), 3.73 (dd, J = 12.9, 2.5 Hz, 1 H), 3.60 (dd, J =

12.9, 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.49 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1 H), 2.97 (td, J = 8.1 , 6.3 Hz, 1 H), 2.86 (td, J = 8.6, 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 2.75 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1 H), 2.64 (tt, J = 7.3, 3.8 Hz, 1 H), 2.37 (ddd, J = 12.9, 8.4, 6.2 Hz,

1 H), 2.23 (s, 6H), 1 .60 (ddd, J = 13.0, 7.5, 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 0.77 - 0.65 (m, 2H), 0.54 - 0.44 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ =468.2.

The following examples were prepared from corresponding intermediates following procedures analogous to Example 45.

Example 71. methyl (R)-(3-(3-amino-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-( (6-amino- 9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-6-fluorobenzyl)carbamate A mixture of tert-butyl (R)-(1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3-

(((methoxycarbonyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcar bamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate (INT-27) (32 mg, 0.054 mmol) and TFA (0.35 mL) in DCM (0.7 mL) was reacted at 20 °C for 2 hrs. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC [Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150*25*10 urn, gradient: 0-24% B (A = water (0.225% FA), B = MeCN), flow rate: 25 mL/min] to afford methyl (R)-(3-(3-amino-3-

(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-((6-amino-9H-pur in-9-yl)methyl)-6- fluorobenzyl)carbamate as a white solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) d = 8.19-8.12 (m, 2H), 8.01 (s, 2H), 7.88 (s, 1 H), 7.40-7.31 (m, 1 H), 7.25-7.15 (m, 3H), 5.56-5.42 (m, 2H), 4.56-4.40 (m, 2H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.41 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 2.88 (s, 1 H) , 2.78-2.69 (m, 3H), 2.31-2.22 (m,

1 H), 1.65-1.61 (m, 1 H), 0.63 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 0.51-0.42 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 498.4.

Example 72. (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-3- ((dimethylamino)methyl)-4-fluorophenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrroli dine-3-carboxamide

To a CHCI ₃ solution (2 mL) of tert-butyl (R)-(9-(6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-((dimethylamino)met hyl)-3-fluorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6- yl)carbamate (INT-26) (50 mg, 0.075 mmol) was added Palau’Chlor ^® (17.26 mg, 0.082 mmol) at rt. The reaction was stirred for 1 hr. More Palau’Chlor ^® (17.26 mg, 0.082 mmol) was added. After 1 h, LCMS showed 50% conversion. The mixture was stirred overnight. NaHCO ₃ (aq.) was added and the mixture was extracted with EA (x3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ .

To the above crude material was added HCI (4M) (0.2 ml, 0.800 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at RT for 2h. The reaction was concentrated. Several drops of NH3 in MeOH (7M) was added and the mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified purified by prep-HPLC [Column: Waters Xbridge 150*25*5um; Condition: water(10mM NH ₄ HCO ₃ )-MeCN; Flow rate: 25 mL/min] to afford (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-3- ((dimethylamino)methyl)-4-fluorophenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrroli dine-3-carboxamide as a white solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d 8.24 (s, 1 H), 7.85 (brs, 1 H), 7.36 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.73 - 5.29 (m, 2H), 3.97 - 3.51 (m, 3H), 2.74 - 2.35 (m, 4H), 2.23 (s, 7H), 1 .66 - 1 .31 (m, 1 H), 0.72 (td, J = 7.1 , 5.0 Hz, 2H), 0.55 - 0.45 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 502.1 .

The following examples were prepared from corresponding intermediates following procedures analogous to Example 72.

Example 76. (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3- (hydroxymethyl) phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide To a solution of tert-butyl (R)-(9-(6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-

(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-fluoro-2-formylb enzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (INT- 26a) (50 mg, 0.078 mmol) in methanol (1 mL) was added NaBH ₄ (3 mg, 0.078 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with NH ₄ CI (aq.). The mixture was extracted with EA (X2) and washed with brine, dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ and concentrated. The crude material was used for the next step. To the above crude material was added HCI (4M) (0.2 ml, 0.800 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at RT. LC MS showed the reaction was complete. The reaction was concentrated. Several drops of NH ₃ in MeOH (7M) was added and the mixture was concentrated for purification. HPLC separation gave (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6- amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl) phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3- carboxamide as a white solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d 8.19 (s, 1 H), 8.19 (s, 1 H), 7.43 (dd, J = 9.0, 5.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.17 (t, J = 9.1 Hz, 1 H), 5.67 (d, J = 14.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.59 (d, J = 14.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.91 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 2H), 3.49 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1 H), 2.91 (dt, J = 8.8, 7.1 Hz, 1 H), 2.80 - 2.62 (m, 3H), 2.39 (ddd, J = 12.8, 8.3, 6.5 Hz, 1 H), 1.61 (ddd, J = 12.7, 7.5, 5.3 Hz, 1 H), 0.80 - 0.67 (m, 2H), 0.58 - 0.46 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 441 .2.

Example 77. (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3- (methoxymethyl) phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide

To a solution of crude (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1-(2-((6-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3-(meth oxymethyl)phenyl)pyrrolidine-3- carboxylic acid (INT-28) (86 mg, 0.14 mmol), cyclopropanamine (0.02 mL, 0.3 mmol) and DIPEA (0.12 mL, 0.7 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added HATU (160 mg, 0.4 mmol) at RT. The mixture was stirred at RT for 30 min and was diluted with EA and water. The mixture was extracted with EA (x2). The combined organic phase was washed 1 M HCI, NaHCO ₃ (aq.), brine and dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ . The mixture was concentrated and the crude product was treated with HCI(4M) (0.2 ml, 0.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred at RT overnight. The reaction was concentrated. Several drops of NH ₃ in MeOH (7M) was added and the mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC [Column: Waters Xbridge 150*25*5um; Condition: water(10 mM NH ₄ HCO ₃ )-MeCN; Flow rate: 25 mL/min] to afford (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6- amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3-(methoxymethyl) phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3- carboxamide as a white solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d 8.25 (s, 1 H), 7.88 (s, 1 H),

7.46 (dd, J = 9.0, 5.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.19 (t, J = 9.1 Hz, 1 H), 5.63 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.53 (d, J =

14.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.66 (td, J = 11.1 , 2.3 Hz, 2H), 3.46 (s, 1 H), 3.31 (s, 3H, overlapped with MeOD- d4), 2.96 - 2.80 (m, 2H), 2.74 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 2.64 (tt, J = 7.4, 3.9 Hz, 1 H), 2.36 (ddd, J = 12.8, 8.4, 6.1 Hz, 1 H), 1 .58 (ddd, J = 13.1 , 7.9, 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 0.78 - 0.63 (m, 2H), 0.57 - 0.43 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 455.2.

The following examples were prepared from corresponding intermediates following procedures analogous to Example 77.

Example 82. (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3- ((S)-2,2,2- trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3- carboxamide A mixture of tert-butyl (R)-(9-(6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-

(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-fluoro-2-formylb enzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (INT- 26a) (300 mg, 0.47 mmol) and TMSCF ₃ (668 mg, 4.7 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added TBAF (47 uL, 0.05 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 30 °C for 22 hrs. More TMSCF ₃ (223 mg, 1 .6 mmol) and TBAF (16 uL, 0.016 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at 30 °C for 4 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was treated with in 4M HCI in dioxane (0.4 mL). The mixture was stirred at 30 °C for 18 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC [Column: Waters Xbridge 150*25*5 urn; gradient: 20-50% B (A = water(10 mM NH ₄ HCO ₃ ), B = MeCN); Flow rate: 25 mL/min] to give a white solid. The first peak from SFC chiral separation was designated as (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6- amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3-((S)-2,2,2-trifluoro- 1-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)-N- cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide (absolute stereochemistry not determined). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d = 8.22 (s, 1 H), 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.57 (dd, J = 5.2, 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.26 (t, J = 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 5.87-5.70 (m, 3H), 3.49 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.24-3.15 (m, 1 H), 2.67 (tt, J = 3.6, 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 2.56-2.53 (m, 1 H), 2.37 (d, J = 9.2Hz, 1 H), 2.32-2.28(m, 1 H), 1.65-1.62 (m, 1 H), 0.80-0.68 (m, 2H), 0.57-0.49 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 509.2.

Example 83. (R)-9-(2-(3-amino-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-bro mo-4-chlorobenzyl)- 9H-purin-6-amine

To a solution of tert-butyl (R)-(9-(2-bromo-6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3- carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carb amate (1 g, 1.5 mmol) in THF (10 mL) were added trifluoroacetic anhydride (788 mg, 3.7 mmol) and TEA (836 mg, 8.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 0.5 hours. The mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 30 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine (3 x 50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluted with PE: EtOAc = 10:1 to 3:1 to afford tert-butyl (R)- (9-(2-bromo-6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyanopyrroli din-1-yl)-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin- 6-yl)carbamate as a yellow solid. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 649.4.

To a solution of tert-butyl (R)-(9-(2-bromo-6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3- cyanopyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamat e (800 mg, 1.2 mmol) in /- PrOH/H ₂ O (8 mL, 2:1) were added NaN ₃ (161 mg, 2.5 mmol) and ZnBr ₂ (278 mg, 1 .2 mmol).

The mixture was stirred at 120 °C for 8 hours. The mixture was then diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL). The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with EtOAc (10 mL), dried under vacuum to afford the crude product (680 mg, crude). To a solution of the crude product (670 mg, crude) in DCM (13.4 mL) was added TFA (6.7 mL). The reaction was stirred at 15 °C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was then concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was diluted with water (10 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The mixture was adjusted to pH 9 with 1 N sodium hydroxide solution. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with EtOAc (5 mL), dried under vacuum to afford the crude product (500 mg, crude). Some of the crude product (100 mg, crude) was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex synergi C18 150*25mm*10 pm, gradient 14~34%B (A = water (0.05% hydrogen chloride v/v), B = acetonitrile, flow rate: 28 mL/min) to afford (R)-9-(2-(3-amino-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrrolidin-1- yl)-6-bromo-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-amine. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d ppm 8.38 (s,

1 H), 8.10 (s, 1 H), 7.57 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.50 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1 H), 5.78 - 5.69 (m, 2H), 3.86 - 3.83 (m, 1 H), 3.72 - 3.69 (m, 1 H), 3.58 - 3.50 (m, 1 H), 3.49 - 3.39 (m, 1 H), 2.92 - 2.90 (m, 1 H), 2.63 - 2.53 (m, 1 H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 492.0.

The following examples were prepared from corresponding intermediates following procedures analogous to Example 83.

Examples 88 and 89. (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4,5-dichlor o-3- ((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-ca rboxamide and (R)-3-amino-1-(2- ((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5,6-dichloro-3-((dimethylami no)methyl)phenyl)-N- cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide

To a CHCI ₃ solution (2 mL) of tert-butyl (R)-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(9-(2-(3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-y l)-4-chloro-6- ((dimethylamino)methyl)benzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (70 mg, 0.09 mmol) was added Palau’Chlor ^® (37 mg, 0.18 mmol) at rt. The reaction was stirred for 2 hr, and 2 drops of AcOH was added to the reaction. 45 min later, LC-MS showed clean conversion. The reaction was quenched with 2-methyl-2-butene and then diluted with EA. The reaction mixture was washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ and concentrated under vacuum to give the intermediate, which was redissolved in DCM (2 mL) and treated with TFA (1 mL).

The reaction was stirred for 1 hr, and then directly concentrated to give the crude product. Purification by Prep-HPLC (Column: XBridge 30*150mm 5um, gradient: 30-100% B (A = water (0.05% NH ₄ OH), B = acetonitrile (0.05% NH ₄ OH)), flow rate: 30 mL/min) gave (R)-3-amino-1-(2- ((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4,5-dichloro-3-((dimethylami no)methyl)phenyl)-N- cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide and (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)- 5,6-dichloro-3-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)-N-cyclopropylp yrrolidine-3-carboxamide.

Example 88 (fast eluent): ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d ppm 8.24 (s, 1 H), 7.88 (s, 1 H), 7.52 (s, 1 H), 5.67 (d, J = 14.4 Hz, 1 H), 5.61 (d, J = 14.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.95 (d, J = 13.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.83 (d, J = 13.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.58 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.18 (dt, J = 9.0, 7.2 Hz, 1 H), 2.97 (td, J = 8.6, 5.1 Hz, 1 H), 2.82 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1 H), 2.64 (tt, J = 7.3, 3.9 Hz, 1 H), 2.37 (ddd, J = 12.8, 8.4, 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 2.26 (s, 6H), 1.67 (ddd, J = 12.7, 7.4, 5.1 Hz, 1 H), 0.78 - 0.64 (m, 2H), 0.57 - 0.41 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 518.2.

Example 89 (slow eluent): ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d ppm 8.24 (s, 1 H), 7.81 (s, 1 H), 7.53 (s, 1 H), 5.63 (d, J = 13.6 Hz, 1 H), 5.48 (s, 1 H), 3.98 - 3.70 (m, 1 H), 3.67 - 3.44 (m, 2H), 2.63 (s, 4H), 2.20 (s, 6H), 1 .55 (s, 1 H), 0.89 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 0.71 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 0.49 (s, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 518.2.

Examples 90. (R)-9-(2-(3-amino-3-(1 -methyl-1 H-tetrazol-5-yl) pyrrolidin-1 -yl)-6-bromo-4- chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-amine and 91 (KRH358) (R)-9-(2-(3-amino-3-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5- yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-bromo-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-amine

To a mixture oftert-butyl (R)-(9-(2-bromo-6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(1-methy l-1 H- tetrazol-5-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl )(tert-butoxycarbonyl)carbamate (INT- 35) and tert-butyl (R)-(9-(2-bromo-6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(2-methy l-2H-tetrazol-5- yl)pyrrolidin-1 -yl)-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)carb amate (INT-36) (260 mg, crude) in DCM (5 mL) was added 4M HCI in dioxane solution (10 mL). The mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 16 hours.

The mixture was concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Kromasil C18 150*25*10 pm, gradient 10~40%B (A = water (0.225% HCOOH), B = acetonitrile, flow rate: 25 mL/min) to afford the crude product. The crude product was purified by SFC (AS-3C_3_5_40_3ML; column: AS (250 mm*30 mm, 10 pm), Mobile phase: MeOH (0.1% NH ₃ .H ₂ O) in CO ₂ from 40% to 40%; Flow rate: 70 mL/min Wave length: 220nm) to afford two fractions, which was further separately purified by prep- HPLC (column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 250*25 mm*10 urn, gradient 25~55% B (A = water (0.05% NH ₃ .H ₂ O), B = acetonitrile, flow rate: 25 mL/min) to give (R)-9-(2-(3-amino-3-(1-methyl- 1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-bromo-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H -purin-6-amine (Example 90) and (R)-9-(2-(3-amino-3-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrrolidin-1- yl)-6-bromo-4-chlorobenzyl)-9H- purin-6-amine (Example 91).

Example 90 (slow eluent): ¹ H NMR: (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d ppm 8.24 - 8.22 (m, 1 H),

7.68 (s, 1 H), 7.41 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.25 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.61 - 5.45 (m, 2H), 4.28 (s, 3H), 3.73 - 3.69 (m 1 H), 3.49 - 3.42 (m, 1 H), 3.35 - 3.32 (m, 1 H), 3.28 - 3.25 (m, 1 H), 2.64 - 2.56 (m, 1 H), 2.22 - 2.11 (m, 1 H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 506.0.

Example 91 (fast eluent.: ¹ H NMR: (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d ppm 8.24 - 8.21 (m, 1 H), 7.78 (s, 1 H), 7.45 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.29 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.64 - 5.49 (m, 2H), 4.19 - 4.15 (m, 3H), 3.88 - 3.84 (m, 1 H), 3.50 - 3.41 (m, 1 H), 3.40 - 3.35 (m, 1 H), 3.21 - 3.12 (m, 1 H), 2.65 - 2.55 (m, 1 H), 2.28 - 2.20 (m, 1 H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 506.0.

Example 92. (R)-3-amino-1-(4-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-ethyl-2'- fluoro-[1 ,T- biphenyl]-3-yl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide

To a solution of tert-butyl (R)-(9-(2-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-chloro-6-ethylbenzy l)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (120 mg, 183 mmol), 2-fluorophenylboronic acid (128 mg, 915 mmol) in dioxane/H ₂ O (1 mL/0.1 mL) was added Pd ₂ (dba) ₃ (17 mg, 18.3 mmol), tricyclohexylphosphine (5.1 mg, 18.3 mmol), and K ₃ PO ₄ (116 mg, 549 mmol) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 110 °C under N ₂ for 16 hrs. The mixture was diluted with H ₂ O (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 10 mL). The organic layer was combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to afford the crude product (210 mg, crude) as a yellow oil. The crude product was then redissolved in DCM (2 mL) and treated with TFA (0.5 mL), the mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 4 hours. The mixture was then concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by prep- HPLC [column: Phenomenex Gemini 150 x 25 mm x 10 um, gradient 30 %-60 % B (A = water (10mM NH ₄ HCO ₃ ), B = MeCN), flow rate: 25 mL/min] to afford (R)-3-amino-1-(4-((6-amino-9H- purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-ethyl-2'-fluoro-[1 ,T-biphenyl]-3-yl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide as a white solid. ¹ H NMR: (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d ppm 8.31 (s, 1 H), 7.75 (s, 1 H), 7.53 - 7.50 (m, 1 H), 7.45 - 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.33 - 7.17 (m, 3H), 5.69 - 5.54 (m, 2H), 3.61 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.27 - 3.22 (m, 1 H), 3.10 - 3.08 (m, 1 H), 2.92 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 2.83 - 2.72 (m, 2H), 2.66 - 2.64 (m, 1 H), 2.50 - 2.39 (m, 1 H), 1.74 - 1.72 (m, 1 H), 1.13 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.76 - 0.66 (m, 2H), 0.53 - 0.44 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 515.2.

The following examples were prepared by coupling the corresponding intermediate and boronic acid following procedures analogous to Example 92.

Example 98. (R)-3-amino-1 -(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-ethyl-5-(thiazol-4- yl)phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide

Step 1 : tert-butyl (R)-(1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-ethyl-5-(thiazol -4-yl)phenyl)-3-

(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate (15-1)

To a solution of tert-butyl (R)-(9-(2-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-chloro-6-ethylbenzy l)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (350 mg, 0.5 mmol), B ₂ pin ₂ (540 mg, 2.13 mmol) and tricyclohexylphosphine (49 mg, 0.2 mmol) in dioxane (3.5 mL) and H ₂ O (0.35 mL) was added K ₃ PO ₄ (224 mg, 1 mmol) and Pd ₂ (dba) ₃ (49 mg, 0.06 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 110 °C for 16 hrs under N ₂ . The mixture was poured into 10 mL of water and extracted with EA (10 mL x 2). The combined organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na ₂ SO ₄ , concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product as a yellow oil (700 mg, crude). To a solution of the crude product (700 mg, 0.94 mmol), 4-bromothiazole (616 mg, 3.7 mmol) and tricyclohexylphosphine (77 mg, 0.3 mmol) in dioxane (7 mL) and H ₂ O (0.7 mL) was added K ₃ PO ₄ (399 mg, 1.9 mmol) and Pd ₂ (dba) ₃ (63.7 mg, 0.07 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 110 °C for 16 hrs under N ₂ . The mixture was poured into 20 mL of water and extracted with EA (20 mL x 2). The combined organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na ₂ SO ₄ and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. The residue was purified by reversed- phase chromatography to give tert-butyl (R)-(1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-ethyl-5- (thiazol-4-yl)phenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-y l)carbamate as a white solid. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 604.2.

Step 2: (R)-3-amino-1 -(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-ethyl-5-(thiazol-4-yl) phenyl)-N- cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide

To the solution of tert-butyl (R)-(1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-ethyl-5-(thiazol -4- yl)phenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate (100 mg, 0.14 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) was added TFA (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at 15 °C for 2 hours. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum and purified by prep-HPLC (Phenomenex Synergi C18 150*25*10 urn, water (0.1 %TFA)-MeCN) to give (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-ethyl-5- (thiazol-4-yl)phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide (as an off-white solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d ppm 9.11 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.43 (s, 1 H), 8.02 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.95 (d, J = 1 .6 Hz, 1 H), 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.76 (d, J = 1 .6 Hz, 1 H), 5.75 - 5.65 (m, 2H), 3.71 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1 H), 3.41 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1 H), 3.23 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.73 - 2.66 (m, 3H), 2.56 (td, J = 7.6, 14.8 Hz, 1 H), 2.26 - 2.16 (m, 1 H), 1.10 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.80 - 0.66 (m, 2H), 0.57 - 0.47 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 504.3.

Example 99. (R)-3-amino-1 -(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-ethyl-5-(pyridin-2- yl)phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide

To a solution of tert-butyl (R)-(9-(2-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-chloro-6-ethylbenzy l)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (100 mg, 0.15 mmol), 2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine (66 mg, 0.18 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added Pd[P(t- BU) ₃ ] ₂ (16 mg, 0.304 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 120 °C for 16 hrs under N ₂ . The mixture was poured into 10 mL of water and extracted with EA (10 mL x 2). The combined organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na ₂ SO ₄ and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product (170 mg, crude) as a yellow solid. The crude product was then treated with 4 M HCI in dioxane solution (2 mL) and stirred at 15 °C for 16 hours. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give the crude product. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (Phenomenex Gemini 150*25mm*10um, water(0.04% NH ₃ H ₂ O+10mM NH ₄ HCO ₃ )-MeCN) to give (R)-3-amino- 1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-ethyl-5-(pyridin-2-yl )phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3- carboxamide as a yellow solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d ppm 8.63 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1 H), 8.28 (s, 1 H), 7.96 - 7.87 (m, 2H), 7.82 (d, J = 1 .6 Hz, 1 H), 7.74 (s, 1 H), 7.66 (d, J = 1 .6 Hz, 1 H),

7.40 - 7.36 (m, 1 H), 5.67 - 5.54 (m, 2H), 3.65 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.29 - 3.27 (m, 1 H), 3.15 - 3.09 (m, 1 H), 2.94 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1 H), 2.83 - 2.75 (m, 2H), 2.66 - 2.62 (m, 1 H), 2.52 - 2.41 (m, 1 H), 2.01 (s, 1 H), 1.80 - 1.71 (m, 1 H), 1.14 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.76 - 0.64 (m, 2H), 0.52 - 0.43 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 498.1 . The following example was prepared following the general procedure for Example 99 by coupling with 2-(tributylstannyl)pyrazine.

Example 100. (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-ethyl-5-( pyrazin-2- yl)phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide 1H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d ppm 9.17 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1 H), 8.75 - 8.66 (m, 1 H), 8.58 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 8.30 (s, 1 H), 7.97 (d, J = 1 .6 Hz, 1 H), 7.82 (d, J = 1 .6 Hz, 1 H), 7.77 (s, 1 H), 5.71 - 5.57 (m, 2H), 3.68 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.30 - 3.25 (m, 1 H), 3.14 - 3.13(m, 1 H), 2.96 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1 H), 2.88 - 2.75 (m, 2H), 2.68 - 2.66 (m, 1 H), 2.48 - 2.46 (m, 1 H), 1 .85 - 1 .71 (m,

1 H), 1 .17 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.78 - 0.67 (m, 2H), 0.56 - 0.45 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 499.2. Example 101. (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-4- cyano-3- ethylphenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide To a DMF solution (3 mL) of tert-butyl (R)-(1-(2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9- yl)methyl)-5-chloro-3-ethyl-4-iodophenyl)-3-(cyclopropylcarb amoyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl) carbamate (200 mg, 0.26 mmol) was added CuCN (46 mg, 0.51 mmol) and L-proline (30 mg, 0.26 mmol). The reaction tube was sealed and placed into the pre-heated heating block (130 °C). The reaction was stirred for 6.5 hr. After cooling down to rt, the reaction was diluted with MeOH and filtered through a syringe filter. The filtrate was extracted with EA, washed with saturated NaHCO ₃ solution, water and brine. The organic layer was then dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (0 to 10% MeOH in DCM) to give the intermediate, which was redissolved in DCM (2 mL) and treated with TFA (1 mL). The reaction was stirred at rt for 1 hr, and then directly concentrated to give the crude product. Purification by Prep-HPLC (Column: XBridge 30*150mm 5um, gradient: 30-100% B (A = water (0.05% NH ₄ OH), B = acetonitrile (0.05% NH ₄ OH)), flow rate: 30 mL/min) to give (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9- yl)methyl)-5-chloro-4-cyano-3-ethylphenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrr olidine-3-carboxamide. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d ppm 8.26 (s, 1 H), 7.78 (s, 1 H), 7.12 (s, 1 H), 5.51 (d, J = 15.4 Hz,

1 H), 5.44 (d, J = 15.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.80 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 3.64 (td, J = 8.9, 7.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.02 (dd, J = 9.5, 1 .2 Hz, 1 H), 2.96 - 2.79 (m, 2H), 2.62 (tt, J = 7.4, 3.9 Hz, 1 H), 2.36 (dt, J = 12.6, 8.4 Hz,

1 H), 1.78 (dddd, J = 12.3, 7.1 , 3.8, 1.1 Hz, 1 H), 1.10 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.78 - 0.64 (m, 2H),

0.52 - 0.43 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 480.2.

Examples 102 and 103. (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-4- fluoro- 3-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carbo xamide and (R)-3-amino-1 -(2-((6- amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(morpholinom ethyl)phenyl)-N- cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide

To a DCE solution (2 mL) of tert-butyl (R)-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(9-(6-(3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-y l)-4-chloro-3-fluoro-2- formylbenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (INT-37) and tert-butyl (R)-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(9-(6-(3- ((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrroli din-1-yl)-2-chloro-3-fluoro-4- formylbenzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (INT-38) (100 mg, 0.13 mmol) and morpholine (34 uL, 0.4 mmol) was added 3 drops of AcOH. The solution was stirred for 15 min followed by addition of sodium triacetoxyborohydride (55 mg, 0.26 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 2 hr, LC-MS showed about 50% conversion. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (55 mg, 0.26 mmol) was added to the reaction, and the reaction was stirred for another 2 hr. The reaction was diluted with EA, washed with saturated NaHCO ₃ solution and brine. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ and concentrated under vacuum to give the intermediate, which was redissolved in DCM (2 mL) and treated with TFA (1 mL) at rt. The reaction was stirred for 1 hr, and then directly concentrated to give the crude product. Purification by prep-HPLC (Column: XBridge 30*150mm 5um, gradient: 30-100% B (A = water (0.05% NH ₄ OH), B = acetonitrile (0.05% NH ₄ OH)), flow rate: 30 mL/min) gave (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-5-chloro-4- fluoro-3- (morpholinomethyl)phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxa mide (Example 102) and (R)- 3- amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-3-chloro-4-fluoro -5-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl)-N- cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide (Example 103) as white solids.

Example 102 (slow eluent): ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d ppm 8.24 (s, 1 H), 7.87 (s, 1 H), 7.54 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1 H), 5.64 (d, J = 14.1 Hz, 1 H), 5.57 (d, J = 14.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.73 (dd, J =

13.0, 2.9 Hz, 1 H), 3.64 (dd, J = 13.0, 2.8 Hz, 1 H), 3.54 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.39 (s, 4H), 3.18 - 3.10 (m, 1 H), 2.99 (td, J = 8.6, 5.3 Hz, 1 H), 2.82 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1 H), 2.63 (tt, J = 7.3, 3.9 Hz,

1 H), 2.43 - 2.31 (m, 5H), 1 .68 (tt, J = 7.4, 5.5 Hz, 1 H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 544.2.

Example 103 (fast eluent): ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d ₄ ) d ppm 8.24 (s, 1 H), 7.86 (s, 1 H), 7.41 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 1 H), 5.68 (d, J = 14.1 Hz, 1 H), 5.59 (d, J = 14.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.73 - 3.67

(m, 4H), 3.63 (d, J = 1 .6 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.20 (ddd, J = 8.8, 7.7, 6.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.02 (td, J = 8.8, 5.4 Hz, 1 H), 2.88 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 2.64 (tt, J = 7.2, 3.9 Hz, 1 H), 2.51 (t, J = 4.7 Hz, 4H), 2.42 (ddd, J = 12.9, 8.6, 6.4 Hz, 1 H), 1 .74 (ddd, J = 12.9, 7.6, 5.4 Hz, 1 H), 0.71 (dddd, J = 8.4, 4.9, 4.1 , 2.3 Hz, 2H), 0.52 - 0.42 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 544.2. The following examples were prepared from corresponding intermediates following procedures analogous to those described in the examples.

Example 116. (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxam ide

Step 1. To a solution of compound methyl (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3- carboxylate (8.43 g, 0.035 mol), 3,6-difluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (8.00 g, 0.035 mol, prepared according to General Procedure A from 1 ,4-difluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene ) in MeCN (84 mL) was added DIEA (13.4 g, 0.1 mol). The solution was stirred at 80 °C for 16 hours. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel column (50%EtOAc in PE) to afford methyl (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1-(4-fluoro-2- formyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (lnt-116a) as a yellow oil. ¹ H NMR (400MHz, CDCI ₃ ) d 10.31 (q, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (t, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.11 (m, 1 H), 5.07 (br s, 1 H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.69 (d, J= 11 .2 Hz, 1 H), 3.54-3.44 (m, 1 H), 3.33-3.22 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.54 (m, 1 H), 2.38-2.27 (m, 1 H), 1.44 (s, 9H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 435.0.

Step 2. To a solution of methyl (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1-(4-fluoro-2-formyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (lnt-116a) (6.00 g. 13.81 mmol) in THF (60 mL) was added NaBH ₄ (1 g, 27.63 mmol) dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 20~26 °C for 0.5 hour. The mixture was quenched with aq.NH ₄ CI (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 2). The organic layer was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by COMBI- FLASH® (35% EtOAc in PE) to afford methyl (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1-(4-fluoro-2- (hydroxymethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carb oxylate (lnt-116b) as a yellow gum. ¹ H NMR (400MHz, CDCI ₃ ) d 7.48-7.44 (m, 1 H), 7.16-7.06 (m, 1 H), 5.30 (br s, 1 H), 4.90 (s, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.78-3.71 (m, 1 H), 3.47-3.44 (m, 1 H), 3.38-3.25 (m, 2H), 2.64-2.51 (m, 1 H), 2.24- 2.20 (m, 1 H), 1.45 (s, 9H).

Step 3. To a mixture of methyl (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1-(4-fluoro-2- (hydroxymethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carb oxylate (lnt-116b) (7 g, 16 mmol), tert-butyl (tert-butoxycarbonyl)(9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (5.38 g, 16.04 mmol) and DTAD (11 g, 48 mmol) in THF (70 mL) was added PBu ₃ (9.7 g, 48 mmol) dropwise under N ₂ . The mixture was stirred at 20~30°C for 16hours. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by COMBI-FLASH® (40% of EtOAc in PE) to afford methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-(bis(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3-(trif luoromethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (lnt-116c) as yellow solid. ¹ H NMR (400MHz, CDCI ₃ ) d 8.91 (s, 1 H), 7.76 (s, 1 H), 7.65 (dd, J ₁ = 9.2 Hz, J ₂ = 4.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.31 (t, J = 9.4 Hz,

1 H), 5.87-5.68 (m, 2H), 5.42 (br s, 1 H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.61 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.20 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1 H), 2.99-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.35 (m, 1 H), 1.92-1.86 (m, 1 H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.42 (s, 18H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 754.1.

Step 4. To a solution of methyl (R)-1-(2-((6-(bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9- yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-((tert-buto xycarbonyl)amino)pyrrolidine-3- carboxylate (lnt-116c) (4.5 g, 6 mmol) in THF/MeOH/H ₂ O (45 mL, 4/4/2) was added aq.LiOH (1 mL, 24 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 20~35 °C for 1 hour. The mixture was diluted with brine (50 mL) and adjusted pH = 2~3 with aq.HCI (1 N). The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 3). The organic layer was concentrated under vacuum to afford (R)-3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1-(2-((6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)- 9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid (lnt-116d) as yellow gum. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ =640.1.

Step 5. To a solution of (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1-(2-((6-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3-(trif luoromethyl)phenyl)pyrrolidine-3- carboxylic acid (lnt-116d) (4 g, 6.2 mmol), HATU (4.76 g, 12.51 mmol) in DMF (40 mL) was added cyclopropanamine (0.71 g, 12.5 mmol) and DIEA (2.42 g, 18.76 mmol). The solution was stirred at 20~35 °C for 1 hour. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (300 mL) and washed with brine (100 mL x 2). The organic layer was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by COMBI-FLASH® (100%EtOAc) to afford tert-butyl (R)-(9-(6-(3-((tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-y l)-3-fluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)carbamate (lnt-116e) as yellow solid. LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 679.2.

Step 6. To a solution of tert-butyl (R)-(9-(6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-fluoro-2-(trifluoro methyl)benzyl)-9H-purin-6- yl)carbamate (lnt-116e) (1 g, 1.5 mol) in DCM (10 mL) was added TFA (6 mL). The mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hour. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and adjust to pH = 10~12 with aq.NH ₃ /H ₂ O. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 3). The organic layer was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by Prep-HPLC (column: Kromasil 250*50*10 pm. Gradient: 10~40%B, A = water (0.225% FA V/V), B = MeCN, flow rate: 100 mL/min). The product was concontrated and dried by lyophilization to afford (R)-3-amino-1-(2-((6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl)-4-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxam ide as a white solid. ¹ H NMR (400MHz, MeOH -d ₄ ) d 8.24 (s, 1 H), 7.79 (dd, J = 9.2 Hz, 4.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.68 (s, 1 H), 7.47-7.38 (m, 1 H), 5.78-5.58 (m, 2H), 3.50 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.03-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.79 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 2.64-2.60 (m, 1 H), 2.38-2.32 (m, 1 H), 1.63-1.58 (m, 1 H), 0.74-0.64 (m, 2H), 0.51-0.40 (m, 2H). LC-MS: [M+H] ⁺ = 479.0.

The following examples were prepared from corresponding intermediates following procedures analogous to those described in the examples.

Biological Assays

The compounds of the present invention may be evaluated for their ability to inhibit MLL1 using assays described below, as well as other assays known in the art. MLL1 LC-MS assay

The compounds of the present disclosure were serially and separately diluted 3-fold in DMSO to obtain a total of eight or twelve concentrations. Then the test compounds at each concentration (120nL of each) were transferred by Mosquito into white Proxiplate plus 384-well microplate (PerkinElmer). Solutions (6 mL) of 60 nM wild type MLL1 four-member complex (MLL1-4C) and 5 mM SAM in the reaction buffer (20 mM Tris-HCI, pH8.0, 0.01% Tween 20, 1 mM DTT, 10 mM MgCI ₂ , 0.01 % BSA) were added to the wells that were then incubated with the test compound for 20 min. A 6 mL solution of 20 mM of the peptide substrate H3K4me0 (histone H3[1-21]-Biotin) in the reaction buffer was added to initiate each reaction. The final components in the reaction solution include 30 nM MLL1-4C, 2.5mM SAM, and 10 mM H3K4me0 with varying concentration of the compounds. A positive control consisted of 30nM MLL1-4C, 2.5mM SAM, and 10 mM substrate in the absence of the test compound, and a negative control consisted of 2.5mM SAM, and 10 mM substrate only. Each reaction was incubated at rt for 120 min, then stopped by addition of 3 mL per of quench solution (2.5% TFA with 320 nM d4-SAH). The reaction mixture was centrifuged (Eppendorf centrifuge 5810, Rotor A-4-62) for 2 min at 2000 rmp. The SAH production from the enzymatic assays were monitored by LC-MS/MS on an API 4000 triple quadrupole mass spec with Turbolon Spray (Applied Biosystem) coupled with Prominenece UFLC(Shimazu). The level of SAH production were then normalized based on the values coming from the positive and negative controls to give percent enzyme activities. The data were then fit to a dose response equation using the program Helios (Novartis) to get the IC50 values of the test compounds.

MLL1 Flashplate assay

To assess the compound potency in MLL1 Flashplate assay, compounds were serially diluted 3-fold in DMSO to obtain a total of twelve concentrations. Then the test compounds at each concentration (250nL of each) were transferred by Mosquito into Corning #3675 384-well plate. Solutions (15 mL) of 4.2 nM wild type MLL1 five-member complex (MLL1-5C) in the assay buffer (20 mM Tris-HCI, pH8.0, 0.01% Tween 20, 1 mM DTT, 0.01 % BSA) were added to the wells. A 10 mL solution of 2.5 mM of the peptide substrate H3K4me0 (histone H3[1 -21 ]-Biotin) and 1.25 mM ³ H-SAM in the reaction buffer was then added to initiate each reaction. The final components in the reaction solution include 2.5 nM MLL1-5C, 0.5 mM ³ H-SAM, and 1 mM H3K4me0 with varying concentration of the compounds. A positive control consisted of 2.5 nM MLL1-5C, 0.5mM ³ H-SAM, and 1 mM substrate in the absence of the test compound, and a negative control consisted of 0.5mM ³ H-SAM, and 1 mM substrate only. Each reaction was incubated at rt for 90 min, then stopped by addition of 5 mL per of quench solution (0.5 mM SAM in assay buffer).

25 mL of each reaction solution was transferred to FlashPlate streptavidin 384-well microplate (PerkinElmer). After at least 1 h incubation at rt, the wells were washed three times with 0.1% Tween-20 in dH ₂ O using the BioTek plate washer. The plates were then read in MicroBeta (PerkinElmer). The radioactive readouts were then normalized based on the values coming from the positive and negative controls to give percent enzyme activities. The data were then fit to a dose response equation using the program Helios to get the IC50 values of the test compounds.

MV4-11 H3K4me3 cellular ELISA assay MV4-11 (ATCC® CRL-9591 ™) was cultured with RPMI1640 medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat #11875) supplemented with 10% FBS (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat #10099141) and 50 U/ml Penicillin-Streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat#10378016) in humidified incubator at 37°C, 5% C02.

200 nl_ compounds dissolved in DMSO were serially diluted at 1 :3 ratio for 12 points starting from 10 mM and dispensed into each wells of cell culture plates (PDL-coated ViewPlate-384 Black, FTC, PerkinElmer, # 6007710). 3,750 MV4-11 cells in 40mL culture medium were seeded into each well and treated with desired concentration for 48 hours. After treatment, wash cells with cold phosphate based buffer (PBS, pH 7.4) and aspirate the remaining PBS buffer. Crude histone lysate was extracted by 40mL 0.5M HCI for 1 hour in 4°C following neutralization by adding 32mL neutralization buffer (0.5M Sodium phosphate dibasic, pH~12.5, 1.25 mM Dithiothreitol, Promega#V3151 , Protease Inhibitor Cocktail, Sigma #8340) for each well. 5mL and 20mL of histone lysate was loaded to ELISA plate (384 Well Plates, PE HB, White, 6005620) for detection of total H3 and H3K4me3, respectively. Shake the plates gently in 4°C for overnight. After histone binding, plates were washed with 80mL PBS/T (PBS with 0.05% Tween-20) and blocked with 50mL 3% BSA diluted in PBS/T per well for 1 hour. Incubate wells with primary antibody for 1 hour at room temperature using anti-H3K4me3 (CST#9727) and anti-total H3 (CST#9715) diluted 1 :2000 in 3% BSA. Plates were then washed with PBS/T for 3 times and incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated secondary antibody (CST#7074,

1 :5000) for 1 hour at room temperature. The abundance of H3K4me3 and total H3 were measured by ECL substrates chemiluminesce (Pierce, #34080) on a plate reader (PerkinElmer EnVison 2104 Mutilable Reader). Percentage inhibition was calculated against DMSO control after normalization of H3K4me3 signal to H3 signal for individual samples. The data were then fit to a dose response curve using GraphPad Prism for IC50 calculation.

MV4-11 6-day cell growth CTG (CellTiter-Glo) assay

Acute myeloid leukemia cell MV4-11 (ATCC® CRL-9591 ™) was cultured with RPMI 1640 medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat #11875) supplemented with 10% FBS (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat #10099141) in humidified incubator at 37°C, 5% C02. To assess the effect of MLL1 inhibition on cell growth, the compound of the present invention was dissolved in DMSO and serially diluted at 1 :3 for 12 points starting from 10 mM then 200 nL for the replicate of each dose per well was dispensed to Viewplate-384 Black (Perkin Elmer). Exponentially growing MV4-11 cells were seeded at the density of 300 cells per well in 40 mL to the plate, so the final compound working concentration starts from 50 mM. After 6 days, 40 mL CellTiter-Glo (Promega, cat #G7573) was added into the cell culture well and luminescence was read with Envision (Perkin Elmer) to determine the viable cells. The percentage inhibition was calculated against the samples treated with DMSO only and the data were used for dose response curve fitting in GraphPad Prism to get the IC50 of representative compound of present invention, which reflects the inhibition of MLL1 activity. The activity of the compounds of the present invention in different assay formats and cell lines are summarized in Table 2.

Table 2

Ill

It is understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application and scope of the appended claims. All publications, patents, and patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.