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Title:
MULTILAYER INSULATING DEVICE FOR THE PROTECTION OF SPACE-DELIMITING BODIES
Document Type and Number:
WIPO Patent Application WO/2018/197912
Kind Code:
A1
Abstract:
Present invention relates to a multilayer insulating device for the protection of space delimiting bodies, which contains an insulating body (20) positioned between a wet side (1) and a protected side (2), where the insulating body (20) contains quartz gravel grains (22a) mixed with sand as carrier component (22) and a mixture of a polymer (23a) and clay mineral (23b) as space filling component (23), where the amount of carrier component (22) is 55 to 75% of the mass of the insulating body (20) and the amount of the clay mineral (23b) in the space filling component (23) is 20 to 28% of the mass of the insulating body (20). The characteristic feature of the invention is that the quartz gravel grains (22a) forming part of the carrier component (22) are from a material with a maximum grain size of up to 8 mm and with continuous grain distribution, furthermore at least a part of the clay mineral (23b) forming the space filling component (23) is from an untreated platelet structure clay, while the polymer (23 a) component is from a granular structured material with a long molecular chain, and the carrier components (22) and the space filling components (23) are arranged evenly distributed in the insulating body (20) without any added moisture.

Inventors:
MERNYEI EMILIA LLONA (HU)
Application Number:
PCT/HU2018/000019
Publication Date:
November 01, 2018
Filing Date:
April 24, 2018
Export Citation:
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Assignee:
MERNYEI EMILIA LLONA (HU)
VACI GYULA (HU)
International Classes:
E21D11/38; E02B3/16; E02D31/00; E04B1/66
Foreign References:
DE19808019A11999-09-09
US20130183103A12013-07-18
HUE017214T2
HU222561B12003-08-28
HU223711B12004-12-28
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
RÓNASZÉKI, Tibor (HU)
Download PDF:
Claims:
CLAIMS

1. Multilayer insulating device for the protection of space delimiting bodies, which contains an insulating body (20) positioned between a wet side (1) and a protected side (2), where the insulating body (20) contains quartz gravel grains (22a) mixed with sand as carrier component (22) and a mixture of a polymer (23a) and clay mineral (23b) as space filling component (23), where the amount of carrier component (22) is 55 to 75% of the mass of the insulating body (20) and the amount of the clay mineral (23b) in the space filling component (23) is 20 to 28% of the mass of the insulating body (20), characterised by that the quartz gravel grains (22a) forming part of the carrier component (22) are from a material with a maximum grain size of up to 8 mm and with continuous grain distribution, furthermore at least a part of the clay mineral (23b) forming the space filling component (23) is from an untreated platelet structure clay, while the polymer (23a) component is from a granular structured material with a long molecular chain, and the carrier components (22) and the space filling components (23) are arranged evenly distributed in the insulating body (20) without any added moisture.

2. Multilayer insulating device according to claim 1, characterised by that there is a protective layer (30) with an even thickness composed at least partly of mineral material grains arranged on the border surface (21) of the insulating body (20) on the protected side (20).

3. Multilayer insulating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised by that at least one of the border surfaces (21) of the insulating body (20) is at least partially covered with a medium delimiting shell (10) consisting of a technical textile.

4. Multilayer insulating device according to claim 3, characterised by that the medium delimiting shell (10) is preferably formed from a geotextile with a weight of at least 300 gram/m2. - 13 -

5. Multilayer insulating device according to claim 3 or 4, characterised by that the thickness of the medium delimiting shell (10) is at least 1 mm.

6. Multilayer insulating device according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised by that at least a part of the clay mineral (23b) is an alkali clay mineral with a platelet structure.

7. Multilayer insulating device according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised by that the mixture formed from the carrier component (22) and the space filling component(23) of the insulating body (20) is compacted to 95% of maximum density.

Description:
Multilayer insulating device for the protection of space-delimiting bodies

The object of the invention relates to a multilayer insulating device for the protection of space delimiting bodies, which contains an insulating body positioned between a wet side and a protected side, where the insulating body contains quartz gravel grains mixed with sand as carrier component and a mixture of a polymer and clay mineral as space filling component, where the amount of carrier component is 55 to 75% of the mass of the insulating body and the amount of the space filling component is 20 to 28% of the mass of the insulating body.

Numerous waterproofing solutions are known of for the prevention of the ingress of water through various structures and delimiting structures. Patent specification number HU E 017.214 relates to a "barrage wall than is built from shaped profiles, where a waterproof shell with a profile that complies with the requirements can be created from uniquely shaped plastic construction elements. However, the possibilities of using the rigid waterproof profiles of various shapes are limited. A further disadvantage is that their installation is time-consuming and demands an appropriate level of technical knowledge. Another deficiency is that as a result of their basic material, the ageing of the waterproofing is certain to occur.

Patent specification registration number HU 222.561 discloses a waterproofing sheet established from several layers in which the layers with differing physical characteristics each satisfy different requirements. Here the protection against the penetration of water is formed by the modified bitumen layer.

Such multilayer waterproofing sheets may become damaged during, for example, their handling, transportation or even installation, which may significantly damage their water- sealing feature, and, in extreme cases, even completely destroy it.

The positioning of the given sheets and their appropriate fitting to each other, as well as checking whether the joints are waterproof requires special technical knowledge and tools, which significantly increase the cost of and time required for establishing the waterproofing. It is also disadvantageous that due to the differing heat expansion of the individual materials forming the layers, the proofing layer moves as the seasons and the weather change, which may have a negative effect on the lifetime of the waterproofing.

It must also be seen as a disadvantage that some of the materials forming the layers cause an environmental load, and in the course of any renovation work the removed construction waste must be disposed of in landfill or an incineration plant, which causes further additional costs.

Patent specification registration number HU 223.711 discloses an additive material that when mixed with post-hardening building materials, such as concrete, it endeavours to make the hardened space delimiting element waterproof.

One of the great deficiencies of such known, mixture-based waterproofing structures constructed in a specific layer order is that they contain numerous components that may cause an ebvironmental load, therefore, because of them, during the renovation of the waterproofing the disposal of the construction waste represents a problem and further additional costs.

It is another disadvantage that in such material layers, the thickness of the layer actually establishing the waterproofing characteristic must be large, but its waterproofing ability, especially in the case of a layer structure not containing a post-hardening component, still changes when under the effect of a liquid load.

Our objective with the solution according to the invention was to overcome the deficiencies of the known insulating structures used for waterproofing and to create a version that can be installed in a simpler way, without special technical knowledge or equipment, with less manual labour, that does not contain environmentally polluting substances that cause an environmental burden, has a waterproofing ability that is better than the known solutions, and its renovation can be performed simply and quickly.

The recognition that led to the solution according to the invention was that if clay mineral, which is known of in itself, has a good waterproofing characteristic, but is unsuitable for load- bearing, is, in an unusual way, mixed in a unique way with, on the one part, components that may be found in nature, and, on the other part, a polymer that has given physical characteristics, and is then placed in a novel way and in a suitable layer structure in a waterproofing structure, then the insulating body forming a single block with a composition different to that known of, mixed and layered in a special way due to the effect of the moisture absorbed from the immediate vicinity of the installation displays such characteristics that essentially prevent leaks occurring due to ion exchange, and in this way with a thickness smaller than the usual layer thickness it provides such a degree of waterproofing that with the known solutions had not been achievable to date, and so the task may be solved.

The idea behind the invention was formed by that if the appropriate clay mineral and, coupled with this, suitable components are mixed essentially without any added moisture, and this mixture is then positioned in the area to be protected, then the insulating body is activated due to the effect of the moisture arriving from the given area, and so the moisture to be found on the wet side displaying chemical and physical characteristics also appears in the moisture penetrating the insulating body, as a result of which and due to the effect of ion exchange the moisture cannot get to the protected side, i.e. the waterproofing characteristic of the insulating body as a result of the carrier component with its unique composition and of the space filling components is realised at the molecular level, which essentially results in total waterproofing.

In accordance with the set objective the multilayer insulating device for the protection of space delimiting bodies according to the invention, - which contains an insulating body positioned between a wet side and a protected side, where the insulating body contains quartz gravel grains mixed with sand as carrier component and a mixture of a polymer and clay mineral as space filling component, where the amount of carrier component is 55 to 75% of the mass of the insulating body and the amount of the clay mineral in the space filling component is 20 to 28% of the mass of the insulating body - is established in such a way that the quartz gravel grains forming a part of the carrier component are from a material with a maximum grain size of up to 8 mm and with continuous grain distribution, furthermore at least a part of the clay mineral forming the space filling component is from an untreated platelet structure clay, while the polymer component is from a granular structured material with a long molecular chain, and the carrier components and the space filling components are arranged evenly distributed in the insulating body without any added moisture.

A further feature of the multilayer insulating device according to the invention may be that there is a protective layer with an even thickness composed at least partly of mineral material grains arranged on the border surface of the insulating body on the protected side.

In the case of another version of the multilayer insulating device at least one of the border surfaces of the insulating body is at least partially covered with a medium delimiting shell consisting of a technical textile. The medium delimiting shell is preferably formed from a geotextile with a weight of at least 300 gram/m 2 , optionally the thickness of the medium delimiting shell is at least 1 mm.

In the case of another different embodiment of the invention, at least a part of the clay mineral is an alkali clay mineral with a platelet structure.

In the case of yet another different embodiment of the multilayer insulating device the mixture formed from the carrier component and the space filling component of the insulating body is compacted to 95% of maximum density.

The multilayer insulating device according to the invention has numerous preferable characteristics. The most important of these is that as a consequence of the novel composition and method of installation of the insulating body it realises a much greater waterproofing capability with a smaller structural thickness as compared to the known, similar multilayer waterproofing devices produced onsite.

A further advantage is that as a consequence of its unique layer structure, the multilayer insulating device according to the invention has an appropriate load-bearing capability, therefore it may be used widely when solving numerous architectural tasks for the waterproofing of the most various of structures and space delimiting bodies, and for the prevention of water leakages an water penetration. Another feature that must be mentioned as an advantage is that the multilayer insulating device according to the invention contains components that do not damage or contaminate the environment, the large majority of such components are natural materials. Also, the creation of the multilayer insulating device is simple, and may be effectively produced using known, traditional production techniques in a short amount of time. During installation the components cannot suffer any type of damage that would have a negative effect on the waterproofing capability.

Another advantage originating from this is that there is no need to test the installed multilayer insulating device, because it operates reliably immediately following installation. Therefore there are no costs arising from the acquisition and operation of special equipment used for inspection e either, which are essential in the case of the use of multilayer waterproofing sheeting, for example.

Also, as a consequence of the multilayer insulating device itself not containing components made of a post-hardening material, the installation is not only performed quickly, but the given multilayer insulating device is able to exert its effect immediately following installation.

It is important to highlight the advantage that due to the materials constituting the layers in the multilayer insulating device according to the invention there is no movement due to heat expansion, therefore in its installed condition the multilayer insulating device retains its original waterproofing capability for an essentially unlimited amount of time, therefore its repair, renovation and maintenance are unnecessary. From the point of view of operation, this represents a very important economic advantage.

Another feature that may be listed among the advantages is that the multilayer insulating device is suitable for the wate roofing of a structure or space delimiting element with any spatial delimiting surface, and may be applied to the surface to be protected as a single element, without joints. Therefore the multilayer insulating device can be equally well used for the creation of waterproofing diaphragm walls, for the waterproofing of the delimiting surfaces of hydraulic engineering earthworks, for the construction of waterproof watercourse beds, for insulating the bases of landfills, for the covering insulation of recultivation layers, or even for the waterproofing of tunnels and the feet of bridges, and as the waterproof embedding layer of other concrete elements and public utilities.

Further details of the multilayer insulating device according to the invention will be explained by way of exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures, wherein

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a version of the multilayer insulating device according to the invention positioned on a flat surface,

Figure 2 is a detail of a cross-sectional view of a multilayer insulating device that may be used for structures containing surface parts that are at an angle to each other,

Figure 3 is a detail of a version of the multilayer insulating device according to the invention that may be used for an element with a curved shape.

Figure 1 shows a complex version of the multilayer insulating device according to the invention, which may be used to good effect to waterproof the base plates of landfills, water reservoirs and for covering landfill basins (recultivation). It may be observed that the multilayer insulating device 3 is located between the space delimiting body located on the protected side 2 and the soil, representing the wet side 1, supporting it. In the case of this version of the multilayer insulating device 3 the multilayer insulating device 3 is formed by the first medium delimiting shell 10 positioned on the supporting soil representing the wet side 1, the insulating body 20 resting on this medium delimiting shell 10 with its border surface 21 and the second medium delimiting shell 10 covering the border surface 21 of the insulating body 20 opposite the wet side 1, and furthermore by the protective layer 30 arranged on the surface of this medium delimiting shell 10 facing away from the insulating body 20. The protected side 2 space delimiting body rests on the protective layer 30 of the multilayer insulating device 3.

The protective layer 30 of the multilayer insulating device 3 is at least partially composed of mineral material grains, where the mineral material grains are crushed stone or sand and gravel with a grain size of 0 to 40 mm commonly used in the construction industry. Figure 1 also well illustrates that the insulating body 20 is composed of several components. The one component is the carrier component 22, which in this case is sand mixed with quartz gravel grains 22a with a maximum grain size of 8 mm and with continuous grain distribution.

The other important component is the polymer 23a forming part of the space filing component 23 of the insulating body 20, characteristic of which is that it is a granulate of a long-chain molecule polymer. The other important component of the space filling component 23 is the clay mineral 23b, which in the case of this embodiment is partially untreated and partially treated, alkalinised clay mineral with a platelet structure.

Preferably 55 to 75% of the mass of the insulating body 20, in this case 70% is the carrier component 22, while 30% of it is the space filling component 23. Of this 30% 3 to 9% of the mass of the insulating body 20 is the polymer granulate, while the rest is the platelet- structured mixed clay mineral. These three types of component are evenly mixed without any added moisture, then spread at an even layer thickness onto the lower medium delimiting shell 10, then compacted to 95% of maximum density.

It must be noted here that both the upper and the lower medium delimiting shell 10 are formed by geotextile that has a mass of at least 300 g/m 2 and that is at least 1 mm thick, such as TERFIL II.

The multilayer insulating device 3 according to figure 1 may be assembled in the following way. First of all the medium delimiting shell 10 needs to be positioned on the wet side 1, then the insulating body 20 consisting of sand and quartz gravel grains 22a, long-chain molecule polymer granulate 23 a and partially alkalinised and partially untreated clay mineral with a platelet structure, which is mixed in advance in a closed system without any added moisture, is spread on this evenly. Following this, the applied insulating body 20 must be compacted to 95% of maximum density in a way known of in itself. The medium delimiting shell 10 must be then positioned onto the still free border surface 21 of the compacted insulating body 20, and then finally the protective layer 30 is placed on this. Following this the space delimiting body forming the protected side 2 may be applied to the protective layer 30 of the multilayer insulating device 3 assembled in this way.

During the operation of the multilayer insulating device 3 moisture arriving from the wet side 1 seeps through the medium delimiting shell 10 into the insulating body 20 and activates the polymer 23a mixed there as the space filling component 23, and the clay mineral 23b. These components become both physically and chemically connected with the water molecules that represent the moisture, and being densely positioned on the carrier components 22 they essentially bind the moisture that has seeped into the insulating body 20 so that it is unable to get from the wet side 1 to the protected side 2 in the insulating body 20 even via slow seeping involving ion exchange. As the moisture between the material grains of the insulating body 20 with suitably selected physical and chemical characteristics contains the same molecules as that which arrives from the wet side 1 to the border surface 21 of the insulating body 20 on the wet side 1. Therefore the moisture already "absorbed" in the insulating body 20 blocks the seepage of this moisture.

It must be noted that when the multilayer insulating device 3 according to the invention is used in the case of recultivation the layer order remains the same, however the wet side 1 and the protected side 2 are exchanged.

Moving over now to figure 2, it shows the use of a multilayer insulating device 3 according to the invention where the protected side 2 is the concrete structure of an underpass, and the protected side 2 supports the wet side 1. Here also the multilayer insulating device 3 is located between the protected side 2 and the wet side 1. However, the difference between the previous solution and this arrangement is that here, from the point of view of the directions and position of figure 2, the moisture arrives from the wet side 1 downwards from above.

In the given case the multilayer insulating device 3 here contains the insulating body 20 containing the sand and quartz gravel grains 22a forming the carrier component 22, the long- chain molecule polymer 23a and the clam mineral 23b with a platelet structure constituting the space filling components 23, and the technical textile used as a medium delimiting shell 10 located on the border surface 21 of the insulating body 20 on the wet side 1, and on its border surface 21 on the protected side 2.

In the given case one of the medium delimiting shells 10 of the multilayer insulating device 3 is positioned on the already made protected side 2, then following this, in a way commonly used in the construction industry, e.g. with shuttering, the carrier components 22 and the space filling components 23 of the insulating body 20 need to be applied onto the medium delimiting shell 10, finally the soil cover constituting the wet side 1 needs to be applied to the protected side 2 already covered with the multilayer insulating device 3 onto the medium delimiting shell 10 placed iin the border surface 21 of the insulating body 20 opposite to the protected side 2.

The operation of the multilayer insulating device 3 made in this way is the same as that presented previously.

Figure 3 illustrates a version of the multilayer insulating device 3 according to the invention where the protected side 2 is the shell of a reinforced concrete tunnel. Here also there is a wet side 1 and a protected side 2; however, the multilayer insulating device 3 located between the two sides only consists of the insulating body 20 with the composition already mentioned in the cases of the previous examples.

Here the mixture forming the insulating body 20 is applied to the free surface of the wet side 1 using shotcrete technology. However, a supporting mesh 40 needs to be applied to the wet side 1 before the insulating body 20 is applied to make it possible to make the concrete shell forming the protected side 2.

The insulating body 20 established according to figure 3 operates in the same way as previously explained, and in this way protects the tunnel wall forming the protected side 2 from the penetration and seeping of moisture arriving from the wet side 1.

The multilayer insulating device according to the invention may be used to good effect in all places where a structure or space delimiting element needs to be effectively protected from environmental soil moisture at a favourable cost in a short amount of time, and where water seepage and other liquid leaking needs to be prevented.

List of references

wet side protected side multilayer insulating device medium delimiting shell insulating body 21 border surface

22 carrier component 22a quartz gravel grains

23 space filling component 23 a polymer

23b clay mineral 0 protective layer 0 supporting mesh