This invention aims at the construction of piston aggregates in general, such as internal combustion motors, compressors and hydraulic pumps, w ere the classic mechanism to transform motion-piston connecting-rod crank-shaft, is substituted by a new "Mechanism to transform alternative straight line motion into a rotary one and vice versa" presented in the Intemational Application N PCT EP 95 03551

Date 1 1. 09. 1996 and in the National Application in Albania X 1026

Date 1 1. 10. 1996 The internal combustion aggregates motors constructed according to this invention can be of two as well as of four stroke cycle aggregate motors, using naphtha (diesel) or benzine (gas), of small, medium, large or even ver great power, and of an unlimited number of cylinders. They are described here below:

In cylindrically shaped piston aggregates the cylinders are placed in circular form, having their axes parallel altogether and equidistant from each other. In the centre ofthe circle having its axis parallel with those ofthe cylinders. is the rotative rod (it will be called hereafter the "motor main shaft") which has in its lower extremity a pivot, whose centre with the due eccentricity is located outside the motor main shaft axis. In continuation ofthe motor main shaft axis, which is also the body's axis, but in a certain distance from the cylinders block, in the lower part ofthe body is placed the central pivot. having its centre on the motor main shaft axis. At the cential pivot, a disc is

pivoted whose centre fits with that ofthe central pivot. In the central point of the disc, forming one body with it and peφendicularly on it, there is a bar, whose free extremity is pivoted in the eccentric pivot ofthe motor main shaft. In the periphery ofthe disc and corresponding to the cylinders axes, connecting rods are pivoted, which in the other extremities have their pistons pivoted.

During the revolving ofthe motor main shaft, the disc bar axis describes a cone whose basis is the circle described by the eccentric pivot centre, and whose apex is the centre ofthe disc which is the same as the central pivot centre. The disc itself, which is deprived ofthe freedom to revolve round the axis ofthe motor main shaft, takes periodically successive inclined positions, depending on the bar position. Consequently, the pistons, guided inside the cylinders do their altemative straight line motion. Vice versa as it occurs in intemal combustion motors, where the pistons get active one after the other, their altemative straight line motion turns in rotative motion ofthe motor main shaft. In the case the aggregates are intemal combustion motors, in order to command the valves, a second disc (called the "distribution disc") is placed upon the heads and co-axially at the motor main-shaft, from which it takes its rotative motion. In the case of two stroke cycle motors where the working cycle is completed in one rotation ofthe motor main-shaft, the distribution disc is directly fastened in the motor main-shaft, being endowed in its periphery with a ring segment shaped hump, which commands by turns the clearing valves located in a circle and if necessary, with a second hump, in order to command the pump injectors, which are apart for each cylinder.

In the case of four stroke cvcle motors, where the working cycle is completed in two rotations of the motor main-shaft, the distribution disc rotates only one half of the motor main-shaft rotations, and in its periphen has four separated segment ring sized humps, placed with the due displacement in four concentric circles of different diameters corresponding to the valves. One couple of humps commands the inhale and the clearing valves ofthe uneven numbered cylinders, hereas the two other humps command the valves ofthe even numbered cylinders. Other ways to command the valves by humps can be realized through rocker-arms or together rocker-arms and push rods, where the selective contacts are achieved by humps placed in the disc either in concentric circles on the same plane but of various diameters, or in circles on parallel planes and with the same diameter. This brings the placing ofthe valves to be the same, both for the uneven numbered cylinders and for those of even number.

A shaft traverses the body along its full length with its axis parallel to the motor main-shaft axis. This shaft takes by means of a system of gears, one half of the motor main-shaft rotations and sets in motion the valves command distribution disc, the naphtha pump in the cases ofthe naphtha motors, or the electric distributor for benzine motors, the lubrication system oil pump, mounted in the oil pan. and by means of a transmission issue, the water pump and the cooling system ventilator.

The commanding disc ofthe valves, which by means of one. two or four humps, realized an efficacious distribution, can serve in the same time taking occasionalh' the due mass and shape, as an equilibrium fly wheel, as

well as a friction, as a transmission pulley etc. The above described motor aggregates, both of two stroke cycle or of four stroke cycle, using naphtha or benzine, have cylinders placed in one block, which could be single block or with individual cylinders mounted in a flange. They can be built also with two cylinders blocks which have in common the motor main-shaft with the eccentric pivot, the carter with the central pivot and the disc with the bar. The flanges ofthe two cylinders blocks are placed parallel and equidistantly from the central pivot centre, with the cylinders axes in one direction or displaced with the one's block towards the others as much as the half of the axial distance. The connecting rods of the second block are pivoted at the same disc, but with contrary directions, in accordance with the cylinders axes, displaced or not.

Another way to place cylinders in a block is to put them in two concentric circles, being the cylinders either in the same radius or in displaced radius. Being different the courses of the pistons ofthe two circles, and keeping a certain relationship diameter versus course, the cylinder volumes ofthe extemal circle differ from those ofthe internal's which favours the application of this form in two degree compressors, where the air or the compressed gas in the extemal circle cylinders with smaller volume and higher pressure passes in the second degree pressure at the intemal circle cylinders.

The piston aggregates and especially those ofthe intemal combustion motors, built in conformity to this invention. have a series of advantages in comparison to the traditional motors. Placing the cylinders in a circular form, with the motor main-shaft in their centre and with their axes parallel.

the elimination ofthe crank shaft and its substitution by a disc pivoted only in one point in its centre, gives the aggregate a very simple and compact construction and also the possibility to place in it an almost unlimited number of cylinders, which allows to change the power by varying the number ofthe cylinders on a very large scale, i.e. to pass from aggregates of few, big, slow pistons to aggregates of numerous, small, fast pistons. The other great advantage offered by placing the motor main-shaft in the centre ofthe cylinders block is the simple way of commanding the valves which, being disposed in concentric circles, are very accessible to be commanded by one or four humps placed in a disc, independently ofthe number ofthe cylinders, 5, 50, 100, and more.

The variability ofthe motor power depending on the cylinders number in a large scale gives a more qualified typification ofthe details, and together with the simplification ofthe construction in general and ofthe configuration of several details in particular, such as those ofthe mechanism to transform the motion, ofthe distribution system etc., would evidently render the foundry and the whole technology ofthe engines production in general more easy and less expensive including that of very great and powerful motors (such as for ships and locomotives). Another important advantage deriving from the cinematic scheme for the transformation of altemative straight line motion into a rotary one, applied in these aggregates according to the invention is its very favourable dynamic. The variable angle that the connecting rods axis forms with the cylinders axis is relatively much smaller compared to that of crank shaft motors. Consequently, the radial component ofthe forces acting on the piston or the

friction force piston versus cylinder results very small and all the same the friction forces in other couples or knuckle joints are reduced with the possibility of their peculiar changing trom slippery friction to a rolling one as a consequence of which e have a reduction ofthe energy loss in friction. therefore increase of mechanical productivits'. fuel saving, shortening of tlie guiding part length ofthe piston, and also its lightening, the growing of its speed, of its longevity as well as that ofthe cylinders and of the whole aggregate etc.. The repair ofthe aggregates too is easier and less expensive. The invention will now be described by wax of some examples and with reference to the relative drawings:

Figure 1 shows the mechanism to transform motion applied according to the invention in an internal combustion motor.

Figure 2-a shows a partial section after the axis of a four stroke cycle intemal combustion motor with nine cylinders in monoblock. Figure 2-b shows the way of placing the cylinders with their numbers, the positions ofthe valves in the heads and ofthe humps in the distribution disc, viewed from above.

Figure 3-a shows a section after the axis of a two stroke cycle intemal combustion motor, diesel. with fourteen cylinders placed in a block. Figure 3-b show the way of placing the cylinders, with their numbers and the position of the humps in the distribution disc, viewed from above. Figure 4-a shows an intemal combustion motor with 2 X 13 cylinders placed in two blocks. Figure 4-b shows the way of placing the cylinders in rw o blocks, and their numbers.

First Example

A four stroke cycle intemal combustion motor with nine cylinders placed in a block Figure 2-a, and Figure 2-b.

The cylinders block, being in this motor a monoblock, has a cylindrical ring shape, in which the cylinders 10 are placed in circular form, with their axes parallel and in equal distance from each other. On the cylinders block, the support 16 is mounted, having their axes fitted. The support 16 has the motor main-shaft 2 which, staying on two bearings performs rotative motion only. In its lower extremity, the motor main shaft 2 has the eccentric pivot 4. Below the cylinders block and in distance is mounted the carter 20 with the central pivot 7, whose centre is on the motor main shaft 2 axis or ofthe body axis. In the central pivot 7, which in this case is Cardan Cross type (having two degrees freedom) is pivoted the disc 6 in its centre, and its bar 5, in its free extremity, is pivoted in the eccentric pivot 4 (ofthe motor main- shaft 2). The connecting rods 8 with the pistons 9 are pivoted in the peripheral area of the disc 6 in a way their pivoting centres to correspond to the cylinders 10 axes and to stretch in the same plan ofthe disc 6 pivoting centre or ofthe central pivot's 7. On the cylinders 10 are mounted the heads 1 1 , with the valves placed on them, in a way the inhale valves 12 and the clearing valves 13 of the uneven numbered cylinders and those ofthe even numbered cylinders to be disposed on four concentric circles with varying diameters. The disc 17, called the distribution disc, mounted co-axially at the motor main-shaft 2, has the half of its rotations. The four humps 18, having a ring segment shape, placed on the disc 17 with the due displacement in four concentric circles with varying diameters in

correspondence to the valves, command directly these valves. A couple of humps 18 commands the inhale valves 12 and the clearing ones 13 of the uneven numbered cylinders, whereas the two other humps command the valves 12 and 13 of the even numbered cylinders, realizing thus the required distribution diagram and the ignition turn 1-3-5-7-9-2-4-6-8- for this motor. The shaft 21 with its two bearing (ball bearings) mounted on the support 16 and on the carter 20 takes one half of the rotations ofthe motor main-shaft 2 by means ofthe gears Z-l and Z-2, whose transmission ratio is 1 :2; these rotations, by the help ofthe gear Z-3 and Z-4, whose transmission ratio is 1: 1 transmits their motion to the distribution disc 17. The shaft 21 also, whose axis is parallel with the motor main-shaft 2 axis traverses the disc 6 and sets in fimction the oil pump 22, mounted on the carter 20, which through the filter 23 inhales the oil in the oil pan 24 and supplies the whole lubrication system. By the same shaft 21 take their motion also the naphtha pump or the electric distributor that might be placed upon the support flange 16, and through a transmission issue also the water pump together with the ventilator.

Second Example A two stroke cycle intemal combustion motor, diesel, with 14 cylinders placed in one block. Figure 3-a and Figure 3-b

In these motors the cylinders block is made up by single cylinders 10 mounted on the flange 1. The flange 1 , the support 16 that holds the motor main-shaft 2, and the carter 20, having the central pivot 7 in the centre, are made a body, the motor body, by means of four distanciator bolts 25, which

traverse the disc 6 in its four spaces. The distribution disc 17 is fixed directly on the motor main-shaft 2 and hence takes its rotations. The two humps 18 in the disc 17 periphery command directly, the one of them the gas clearing valves 13, the other the pump injectors 19 that are apart for each cylinder. Being a two stroke cycle motor, its ignition turn is 1-2-3-4-5- 6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14- . The shaft 21 its axis being parallel with those of the distanciator bolts 25 and with that ofthe motor main-shaft 2 from which it takes its rotations by means ofthe gears ZI and Z2, traverses the disc 6 and sets in motion the oil pump 22, also through the gear 26, the shaft 27, which rotates above the supports 28 and is coupled to the washing turbine 29 which by means ofthe intake manifold 30 put air in the cylinders. The central pivot 7 in this motor, as a variant, is chosen of a spherical type with three degrees of freedom. In order to take it off a degree of freedom, that to rotate round the motor main-shaft 2 axis, a pin 14 is put in a radial direction on the disc 6 and the archly shaped guide 15 on the body.

Finally, it is worth to say that the motor bodies, built according to this invention result in simpler frames.

Third Example Intemal combustion motors with 2 X 13 cylinders placed in two blocks.

Figure 4-a and Figure 4-b

The motors of this example are with two blocks cylinders, that can belong to different types and are built in the same way to those ofthe second example.

In these constructions we have two flanges 1 ofthe cylinders 10, two supports 16 with their motors main-shaft 2 and one carter 20 with the

central pivot 7, elements that get united as a body, according to defined distances and conditions, by means ofthe distanciator bolts 25 which traverse the disc 6. The flanges 1 ofthe two cylinders blocks are placed parallel, in front to each other and equidistant from the central pivot 7 centre with the cylinders axes parallel and displaced as much as the half of the distance between axes. The connecting-rods 8 ofthe second block are pivoted in the disc 6 in the contrary direction to those ofthe first block and displaced in order to correspond to the relative cylinders axes. The shaft 21 having its axis parallel to the body axis, traverses the disc 6 and the carter 20, and by means ofthe gears couple Z transmits motion and power from the active motor main-shaft 2 to the deprived ofthe eccentric pivot 4 second block passive motor main-shaft 2 and to all auxiliary equipments necessary for the motor type. Having insight the rotation sense ofthe two distribution discs 17 for setting in phase, and designating the first block cylinders with numbers from 1 to 13, whereas the second block ones from 1' to 13', placed diametrically contrary (180 degrees) we will have a simultaneous ignition for the identically numbered cylinders ofthe two blocks, in the following succession, for the two-stroke cycle motors: 1+1', 2+2', 3+3', 4+4', 5+5', 6+6', 7+7', 8+8', 9+9', 10+10', 11+11', 12+12', 13+13' and for the four stroke cycle motors: 1+1', 3+3 ^* , 5+5', 7+7', 9+9', 11+11', 13+13', 2+2', 4+4', 6+6', 8+8', 10+10', 12+12 ^* motors of such kind of constmction, which render possible a redoubling of cylinders in the same aggregate diameter, can be used with priority in course cars (race cars-Formula 1 ) as well as in aviation, navy etc.